Defining an inflamed tumor immunophenotype in recurrent, metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Even with current treatments and in the era of favorable prognosis human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated disease, there remains a significant risk of locoregional recurrence or distant metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) [1,2]. Moreover, 5-year survival in patients with recurrent or metastatic (R/M) SCCHN remains dismal [3]. In recent years, it has become evident that tumor progression is promoted by immune evasion and abrogation of an effective immune response against cancer cells [4].

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