Term neonate with pneumopericardium, pneumothorax while on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP)

Description

This baby girl was born at 37 weeks to a woman aged 30 years. Her birth weight was 2.99 kg. The antenatal period was uneventful with no risk factors for infection or any other high-risk conditions. The baby was born by normal vaginal delivery and required no active resuscitation at birth. Within a few minutes after birth, the baby developed respiratory distress, and hence was started on nasal continuous positive airway pressure, with pressure of 6 and FiO₂ of 0.21. Auscultation revealed diminished air entry on the left side of the chest as well as muffled heart sound. Chest X-ray showed a pneumopericardium and left pneumothorax (figures 1 and 2). As there was no X-ray prior to starting CPAP, it was not possible to determine whether the air leaks were present before or initiation of the CPAP contributed to that development. Fortunately, the baby did not...

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