Terminology and guidelines for glaucoma: Patient Examination

Chapter 1 Patient Examination1.1 - Intraocular Pressure (IOP) and Tonometry

The intraocular pressure (IOP) in the population is approximately normally distributed with a right skew. The mean IOP in normal adult populations is estimated at 15-16 mmHg, with a standard deviation of nearly 3.0 mmHg1-10. Traditionally, normal IOP has been defined as two standard deviations above normality, i.e. 21 mmHg, and any IOP above this level is considered to be elevated. The level of IOP is a major risk factor for the development of glaucoma and its progression. For example, the risk of having glaucoma for those with IOP measurements of 26 mmHg or greater is estimated to be 12 times higher than that for those with IOP within the normal range1.

IOP diurnal variations can be...

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