Critical roles of Wnt5a–Ror2 signaling in aggressiveness of tongue squamous cell carcinoma and production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 via ΔNp63β-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for approximately 90% of all malignancies arising in the oral cavity [1]. The majority of OSCC, more than 60%, is tongue SCC [2]. Advances in diagnostic technology now enable early detection of cancer, and novel anti-cancer drugs and molecular targeted agents are being developed. However, mortality rates for OSCC patients have not improved greatly [3]. Cancer treatment is complicated by metastasis, and inhibiting metastasis remains a long-standing goal in cancer therapy.

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