Dose-response effects of aerobic exercise on energy compensation in postmenopausal women: Combined results from two randomized controlled trials.

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Dose-response effects of aerobic exercise on energy compensation in postmenopausal women: Combined results from two randomized controlled trials.

Int J Obes (Lond). 2017 Mar 31;:

Authors: McNeil J, Brenner DR, Courneya KS, Friedenreich CM

Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Despite the clear health benefits of exercise, exercised-induced weight loss is often less than expected. The term 'exercise energy compensation' is used to define the amount of weight loss below what is expected for the amount of exercise energy expenditure. We examined the dose-response effects of exercise volume on energy compensation in postmenopausal women.
PARTICIPANTS/METHODS: Data from Alberta Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention (ALPHA) and Breast Cancer and Exercise Trial in Alberta (BETA) were combined for the present analysis. The ALPHA and BETA Trials were two-centred, two-armed, 12-month randomized controlled trials. The ALPHA Trial included 160 participants randomized to 225 min/week of aerobic exercise, and the BETA Trial randomized 200 participants to each 150 and 300 min/week of aerobic exercise. All participants were aged 50-74 years, moderately inactive (<90 min/week of exercise), had no previous cancer diagnosis and a BMI between 22-40 kg/m(2). Energy compensation was based on changes in body composition (DXA scan) and estimated exercise energy expenditure from completed exercise volume. Associations between Δenergy intake, ΔVO2peak and Δphysical activity time with energy compensation were assessed.
RESULTS: No differences in energy compensation were noted between interventions. However, there were large inter-individual differences in energy compensation between participants; 9.4% experienced body composition changes that were greater than expected based on exercise energy expenditure, 64% experienced some degree of energy compensation and 26.6% experienced weight gain based on exercise energy expenditure. Increases in VO2peak were associated with reductions in energy compensation (β=-3.44 ml/kg/min, 95% CI for β=-4.71 to -2.17 ml/kg/min; P=0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: Large inter-individual differences in energy compensation were noted, despite no differences between activity doses. Additionally, increases in VO2peak were associated with lower energy compensation. Future studies are needed to identify behavioral and metabolic factors that may contribute to this large inter-individual variability in energy compensation.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT 00522262 (ALPHA Trial); NCT01435005 (BETA Trial).International Journal of Obesity accepted article preview online, 31 March 2017. doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.87.

PMID: 28360432 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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