Adherence to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Improves Attention/Psychomotor Function and Sleepiness: A Bias-Reduction Method with Further Assessment of APPLES

Variable adherence to prescribed therapies for sleep disorders is commonplace. This study was designed to integrate three available statistical technologies (instrumental variables, residual inclusion, and shrinkage) to allow sleep investigators to employ data on variable adherence in the estimation of the causal effect of treatment as received on clinical outcomes.

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