Dual Transforming Growth Factor-β and Programmed Death-1 Blockade: A Strategy for Immune-Excluded Tumors?

Publication date: Available online 26 March 2018
Source:Trends in Immunology
Author(s): Claire Vanpouille-Box, Silvia C. Formenti
Tumors that elude infiltration by CD8⁺ T lymphocytes are particularly resistant to multiple forms of treatment, including immune checkpoint blockade. Stromal transforming growth factor (TGF)-β appears to play a key role in this process, potentially constituting a target for novel combinatorial regimens tackling immune-excluded neoplasms.



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