Laser Eye Surgery for Vision Correction: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines [Internet].

Refractive error (ametropia) is a common condition resulting in decreased visual acuity. Patients are treated and symptoms can be corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, or surgery. Eyeglasses are the simplest and safest means of refractive error correction. Laser eye surgeries are a subset of surgical procedures used to correct most common refractive errors and are the most frequently performed procedures for low to moderate near-sightedness (myopia). Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), was developed over 20 years ago, and subsequently wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) has become the most commonly performed keratorefractive procedure. Other procedures are variations of PRK and include laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) and epi-LASIK. Long term studies demonstrate excellent safety, efficacy, and stability of these procedures with long term refractive stability for far-sighted (hyperopic) patients less certain than for myopic patients.

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