Snail and Axin2 expression predict the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia

Oral leukoplakias (OL) are common whitish patches of the oral cavity having a well-documented potential risk of malignant transformation [1–3]. The prevalence of OL is approximately 1% in all ages, the annual rate of malignant transformation of untreated lesions having been reported as 2–3% [1]. Meanwhile, the risk of recurrence after the surgical treatment of non-homogeneous leukoplakia has been estimated at up to 20%, and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) developed from OL demonstrate poor clinical outcomes [2].

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