Including the Patient Voice in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty Outcomes

In "Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the FACE-Q Scales for Patients Undergoing Rhinoplasty," Klassen et al present an exciting new patient-reported outcome (PRO) tool specific to these patients and intended to assess the aesthetic components of the procedure. Patient-reported outcomes are the patients' feedback, elicited directly from them without interpretation by the physician or others, on how they perceive the physical, mental, or social condition related to their condition or treatment. The instrument described by Klassen et al has the potential to serve as an important new tool for the rhinoplasty surgeon. As Rhee and McMullin described in 2008, several outcome measures exist in facial plastic surgery. In particular, several PRO measures are available. However, the tool described by Klassen et al, specific to the aesthetic aspect of rhinoplasty, closes a gap for this popular procedure for which little data have previously been available.

from #Aesthetics via alexandrossfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1lKon3V
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1lKqBjY
via IFTTT

Alexithymic characteristics in pediatric patients with primary headache: a comparison between migraine and tension-type headache

Background: Alexithymia is a personality construct characterized by difficulties in verbal emotional expression and a limited ability to use one's imagination. Evidence of alexithymic characteristics was found in adults suffering from headache, while little is known about children. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of alexithymia in two different subgroups of children and adolescents suffering from primary headache. We also looked for correlation between alexithymia in children and in their mothers. Methods: This study involved 89 participants: 47 (11 males, 36 females, aged 8 to 17 years) suffering from tension-type headache (TTH), and 42 (18 males, 24 females, aged 8 to 17 years) suffering from migraine (M), based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD 2013). A control group of 32 headache-free subjects (26 females and 6 males, aged 8 to17 years) was also considered. Two questionnaires were administered to measure alexithymia: the Alexithymia Questionnaire for Children to young patients and controls, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) to the mothers. Results: Higher rates of alexithymia emerged in the TTH group compared to the M group. In particular, TTH sufferers had difficulty identifying their feelings. The mothers of children with headaches didn't score higher in alexithymia compared to other mothers. In the M and in the control group, there was a significant correlation between the rates of alexithymia in young people and in their mothers. Conclusions: To date no other study has investigated alexithymia in subgroups of primary headaches in developmental age. Our results suggest that patients suffering from TTH are more alexithymic than M patients. This pave the way to etiopathogenetic and clinical considerations, calling for a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to tackle the problem of headache.

from #Neuroscience via alexandrossfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1POYOeH
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1R6JEAV
via IFTTT

The Neuropeptide Oxytocin Induces a Social Altruism Bias

Current psychological concepts of social and ecological responsibility emphasize the relevance of altruism, suggesting that more altruistic individuals are more likely to engage in sustainable behaviors. Emerging evidence indicates a central role of the neuropeptide oxytocin in promoting altruism. Whether this influence extends to ecological responsibility or is limited to the social domain remains unknown. In two independent experiments involving 172 human participants, we addressed this question by exposing subjects to a sustainability-related monetary donation task, with the option to support either socially or ecologically framed charities. We found that oxytocin induced a context-dependent change in altruistic behavior away from pro-environmental toward pro-social donations, while keeping constant the overall proportion of donated money. This pro-social bias transcended to the domain of sustainable consumption. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that altruistic priorities vary as a function of oxytocin system activity, which has implications for the promotion of pro-environmental attitudes and eco-friendly behaviors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Individual responses to ecological and social sustainability require a shift in personal priorities away from selfish to more altruistic behaviors. Emerging evidence indicates a central role of the hypothalamic peptide oxytocin in promoting altruism, but whether the influence of oxytocin benefits altruistic decision-making in the context of ecological and social sustainability is unclear. In two independent behavioral experiments involving 172 human subjects, we show that heightened oxytocin system activity induces a social altruism bias at the cost of ecological responsibility. Our results have fundamental implications for policy interventions and business strategies designed to sustain ecological resources by suggesting that a social framing may attract more individuals to engage in pro-environmental and eco-friendly behaviors.

from #Neuroscience via alexandrossfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1HnkY4R
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1R6JGsz
via IFTTT

State Dependency of Chemosensory Coding in the Gustatory Thalamus (VPMpc) of Alert Rats

The parvicellular portion of the ventroposteromedial nucleus (VPMpc) is the part of the thalamus that processes gustatory information. Anatomical evidence shows that the VPMpc receives ascending gustatory inputs from the parabrachial nucleus (PbN) in the brainstem and sends projections to the gustatory cortex (GC). Although taste processing in PbN and GC has been the subject of intense investigation in behaving rodents, much less is known on how VPMpc neurons encode gustatory information. Here we present results from single-unit recordings in the VPMpc of alert rats receiving multiple tastants. Thalamic neurons respond to taste with time-varying modulations of firing rates, consistent with those observed in GC and PbN. These responses encode taste quality as well as palatability. Comparing responses to tastants either passively delivered, or self-administered after a cue, unveiled the effects of general expectation on taste processing in VPMpc. General expectation led to an improvement of taste coding by modulating response dynamics, and single neuron ability to encode multiple tastants. Our results demonstrate that the time course of taste coding as well as single neurons' ability to encode for multiple qualities are not fixed but rather can be altered by the state of the animal. Together, the data presented here provide the first description that taste coding in VPMpc is dynamic and state-dependent.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Over the past years, a great deal of attention has been devoted to understanding taste coding in the brainstem and cortex of alert rodents. Thanks to this research, we now know that taste coding is dynamic, distributed, and context-dependent. Alas, virtually nothing is known on how the gustatory thalamus (VPMpc) processes gustatory information in behaving rats. This manuscript investigates taste processing in the VPMpc of behaving rats. Our results show that thalamic neurons encode taste and palatability with time-varying patterns of activity and that thalamic coding of taste is modulated by general expectation. Our data will appeal not only to researchers interested in taste, but also to a broader audience of sensory and systems neuroscientists interested in the thalamocortical system.

from #Neuroscience via alexandrossfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Hnl2Sl
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1jk1l2a
via IFTTT

This Week in The Journal

from #Neuroscience via alexandrossfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1LzXuo2
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1R6JEAF
via IFTTT

Active Dendrites and Differential Distribution of Calcium Channels Enable Functional Compartmentalization of Golgi Cells

Interneurons are essential to controlling excitability, timing, and synaptic integration in neuronal networks. Golgi cells (GoCs) serve these roles at the input layer of the cerebellar cortex by releasing GABA to inhibit granule cells (grcs). GoCs are excited by mossy fibers (MFs) and grcs and provide feedforward and feedback inhibition to grcs. Here we investigate two important aspects of GoC physiology: the properties of GoC dendrites and the role of calcium signaling in regulating GoC spontaneous activity. Although GoC dendrites are extensive, previous studies concluded they are devoid of voltage-gated ion channels. Hence, the current view holds that somatic voltage signals decay passively within GoC dendrites, and grc synapses onto distal dendrites are not amplified and are therefore ineffective at firing GoCs because of strong passive attenuation. Using whole-cell recording and calcium imaging in rat slices, we find that dendritic voltage-gated sodium channels allow somatic action potentials to activate voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) along the entire dendritic length, with R-type and T-type VGCCs preferentially located distally. We show that R- and T-type VGCCs located in the dendrites can boost distal synaptic inputs and promote burst firing. Active dendrites are thus critical to the regulation of GoC activity, and consequently, to the processing of input to the cerebellar cortex. In contrast, we find that N-type channels are preferentially located near the soma, and control the frequency and pattern of spontaneous firing through their close association with calcium-activated potassium (K_Ca) channels. Thus, VGCC types are differentially distributed and serve specialized functions within GoCs.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Interneurons are essential to neural processing because they modulate excitability, timing, and synaptic integration within circuits. At the input layer of the cerebellar cortex, a single type of interneuron, the Golgi cell (GoC), carries these functions. The extent of inhibition depends on both spontaneous activity of GoCs and the excitatory synaptic input they receive. In this study, we find that different types of calcium channels are differentially distributed, with dendritic calcium channels being activated by somatic activity, boosting synaptic inputs and enabling bursting, and somatic calcium cannels promoting regular firing. We therefore challenge the current view that GoC dendrites are passive and identify the mechanisms that contribute to GoCs regulating the flow of sensory information in the cerebellar cortex.

from #Neuroscience via alexandrossfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1LzXwME
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1R6JGsp
via IFTTT

Investigating the Neural Correlates of Schemas: Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Is Necessary for Normal Schematic Influence on Memory

Schemas, as memory representations of typical contexts, allow for generalization from previous experiences while often improving memory organization and accuracy. However, these advantageous characteristics of schematic memory may come at the cost of episode-specific information. In the human brain, this tradeoff between general and specific knowledge has been linked to differential contributions of the medial temporal lobes (MTL) to episode-specific memory and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to generalized, schematic memory. Here, we used a neuropsychological approach to test whether participants with focal vmPFC damage (n = 6) would show a reduced influence of schematic memory relative to healthy normal comparison participants (n = 12) in a recognition task that presented schematically congruent or incongruent contexts at study. As predicted, normal comparison participants were more likely to identify items as old after studying them in congruent contexts, and this effect was reflected in increased true and false recognition. These effects of prior context on recognition were not observed in the vmPFC group, suggesting that vmPFC damage reduced the influence of schematic memory. These findings are consistent with the proposition that the vmPFC plays an important role in integrating previous experience into ongoing memory processes while acting as part of a larger memory network.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In the human brain, new memories are strongly influenced by existing knowledge of relevant context (sometimes called "schemas"). Schemas can benefit memory by expediting learning and increasing capacity in familiar contexts, but these benefits may simultaneously reduce episode-specific memory. Here we show that damage to the human ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) reduced the influence of existing knowledge on new memories. Our findings suggest that the vmPFC plays a key role in schematic memory processes by integrating previous experiences and contextual information to influence memory. These findings provide novel insight into the brain regions necessary for normal schematic memory and enhance our understanding of the brain networks supporting memory processes.

from #Neuroscience via alexandrossfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Ib0QD6
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1jk1jHx
via IFTTT

The Global Spike: Conserved Dendritic Properties Enable Unique Ca2+ Spike Generation in Low-Threshold Spiking Neurons

Low-threshold Ca²⁺ spikes (LTS) are an indispensible signaling mechanism for neurons in areas including the cortex, cerebellum, basal ganglia, and thalamus. They have critical physiological roles and have been strongly associated with disorders including epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. However, although dendritic T-type Ca²⁺ channels have been implicated in LTS generation, because the properties of low-threshold spiking neuron dendrites are unknown, the precise mechanism has remained elusive. Here, combining data from fluorescence-targeted dendritic recordings and Ca²⁺ imaging from low-threshold spiking cells in rat brain slices with computational modeling, the cellular mechanism responsible for LTS generation is established. Our data demonstrate that key somatodendritic electrical conduction properties are highly conserved between glutamatergic thalamocortical neurons and GABAergic thalamic reticular nucleus neurons and that these properties are critical for LTS generation. In particular, the efficiency of soma to dendrite voltage transfer is highly asymmetric in low-threshold spiking cells, and in the somatofugal direction, these neurons are particularly electrotonically compact. Our data demonstrate that LTS have remarkably similar amplitudes and occur synchronously throughout the dendritic tree. In fact, these Ca²⁺ spikes cannot occur locally in any part of the cell, and hence we reveal that LTS are generated by a unique whole-cell mechanism that means they always occur as spatially global spikes. This all-or-none, global electrical and biochemical signaling mechanism clearly distinguishes LTS from other signals, including backpropagating action potentials and dendritic Ca²⁺/NMDA spikes, and has important consequences for dendritic function in low-threshold spiking neurons.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Low-threshold Ca²⁺ spikes (LTS) are critical for important physiological processes, including generation of sleep-related oscillations, and are implicated in disorders including epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. However, the mechanism underlying LTS generation in neurons, which is thought to involve dendritic T-type Ca²⁺ channels, has remained elusive due to a lack of knowledge of the dendritic properties of low-threshold spiking cells. Combining dendritic recordings, two-photon Ca²⁺ imaging, and computational modeling, this study reveals that dendritic properties are highly conserved between two prominent low-threshold spiking neurons and that these properties underpin a whole-cell somatodendritic spike generation mechanism that makes the LTS a unique global electrical and biochemical signal in neurons.

from #Neuroscience via alexandrossfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1LzXwwk
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1jk1l1Z
via IFTTT

A Smaug2-Based Translational Repression Complex Determines the Balance between Precursor Maintenance versus Differentiation during Mammalian Neurogenesis

Here, we have asked about post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating murine developmental neurogenesis, focusing upon the RNA-binding proteins Smaug2 and Nanos1. We identify, in embryonic neural precursors of the murine cortex, a Smaug2 protein/nanos1 mRNA complex that is present in cytoplasmic granules with the translational repression proteins Dcp1 and 4E-T. We show that Smaug2 inhibits and Nanos1 promotes neurogenesis, with Smaug2 knockdown enhancing neurogenesis and depleting precursors, and Nanos1 knockdown inhibiting neurogenesis and maintaining precursors. Moreover, we show that Smaug2 likely regulates neurogenesis by silencing nanos1 mRNA. Specifically, Smaug2 knockdown inappropriately increases Nanos1 protein, and the Smaug2 knockdown-mediated neurogenesis is rescued by preventing this increase. Thus, Smaug2 and Nanos1 function as a bimodal translational repression switch to control neurogenesis, with Smaug2 acting in transcriptionally primed precursors to silence mRNAs important for neurogenesis, including nanos1 mRNA, and Nanos1 acting during the transition to neurons to repress the precursor state.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The mechanisms instructing neural stem cells to generate the appropriate progeny are still poorly understood. Here, we show that the RNA-binding proteins Smaug2 and Nanos1 are critical regulators of this balance and provide evidence supporting the idea that neural precursors are transcriptionally primed to generate neurons but translational regulation maintains these precursors in a stem cell state until the appropriate developmental time.

from #Neuroscience via alexandrossfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Hnl1h9
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1jk1l1X
via IFTTT

Glutamate Receptors within the Mesolimbic Dopamine System Mediate Alcohol Relapse Behavior

Glutamatergic input within the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) pathway plays a critical role in the development of addictive behavior. Although this is well established for some drugs of abuse, it is not known whether glutamate receptors within the mesolimbic system are involved in mediating the addictive properties of chronic alcohol use. Here we evaluated the contribution of mesolimbic NMDARs and AMPARs in mediating alcohol-seeking responses induced by environmental stimuli and relapse behavior using four inducible mutant mouse lines lacking the glutamate receptor genes Grin1 or Gria1 in either DA transporter (DAT) or D1R-expressing neurons. We first demonstrate the lack of GluN1 or GluA1 in either DAT- or D1R-expressing neurons in our mutant mouse lines by colocalization studies. We then show that GluN1 and GluA1 receptor subunits within these neuronal subpopulations mediate the alcohol deprivation effect, while having no impact on context- plus cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior. We further validated these results pharmacologically by demonstrating similar reductions in the alcohol deprivation effect after infusion of the NMDAR antagonist memantine into the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area of control mice, and a rescue of the mutant phenotype via pharmacological potentiation of AMPAR activity using aniracetam. In conclusion, dopamine neurons as well as D1R-expressing medium spiny neurons and their glutamatergic inputs via NMDARs and AMPARs act in concert to influence relapse responses. These results provide a neuroanatomical and molecular substrate for relapse behavior and emphasize the importance of glutamatergic drugs in modulating relapse behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Here we provide genetic and pharmacological evidence that glutamate receptors within the mesolimbic dopamine system play an essential role in alcohol relapse. Using various inducible and site-specific transgenic mouse models and pharmacological validation experiments, we show that critical subunits of NMDARs and AMPARs expressed either in dopamine neurons or in dopamine receptor D1-containing neurons play an important role in the alcohol deprivation effect (the increase in alcohol intake after a period of abstinence) while having no impact on context- plus cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking responses. Medications targeting glutamatergic neurotransmission by selective inactivation of these glutamate receptors might have therapeutic efficacy.

from #Neuroscience via alexandrossfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Hnl2BS
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1R6JEki
via IFTTT

In Vivo Detection of Age- and Disease-Related Increases in Neuroinflammation by 18F-GE180 TSPO MicroPET Imaging in Wild-Type and Alzheimer's Transgenic Mice

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Neuroinflammation appears to play an important role in AD pathogenesis. Ligands of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a marker for activated microglia, have been used as positron emission tomography (PET) tracers to reflect neuroinflammation in humans and mouse models. Here, we used the novel TSPO-targeted PET tracer ¹⁸F-GE180 (flutriciclamide) to investigate differences in neuroinflammation between young and old WT and APP/PS1dE9 transgenic (Tg) mice. In vivo PET scans revealed an overt age-dependent elevation in whole-brain uptake of ¹⁸F-GE180 in both WT and Tg mice, and a significant increase in whole-brain uptake of ¹⁸F-GE180 (peak-uptake and retention) in old Tg mice compared with young Tg mice and all WT mice. Similarly, the ¹⁸F-GE180 binding potential in hippocampus was highest to lowest in old Tg > old WT > young Tg > young WT mice using MRI coregistration. Ex vivo PET and autoradiography analysis further confirmed our in vivo PET results: enhanced uptake and specific binding (SUV_75%) of ¹⁸F-GE180 in hippocampus and cortex was highest in old Tg mice followed by old WT, young Tg, and finally young WT mice. ¹⁸F-GE180 specificity was confirmed by an in vivo cold tracer competition study. We also examined ¹⁸F-GE180 metabolites in 4-month-old WT mice and found that, although total radioactivity declined over 2 h, of the remaining radioactivity, ~90% was due to parent ¹⁸F-GE180. In conclusion, ¹⁸F-GE180 PET scans may be useful for longitudinal monitoring of neuroinflammation during AD progression and treatment.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Microglial activation, a player in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, is thought to reflect neuroinflammation. Using in vivo microPET imaging with a novel TSPO radioligand, ¹⁸F-GE180, we detected significantly enhanced neuroinflammation during normal aging in WT mice and in response to AD-associated pathology in APP/PS1dE9 Tg mice, an AD mouse model. Increased uptake and specific binding of ¹⁸F-GE180 in whole brain and hippocampus were confirmed by ex vivo PET and autoradiography. The binding specificity and stability of ¹⁸F-GE180 was further confirmed by a cold tracer competition study and a metabolite study, respectively. Therefore, ¹⁸F-GE180 PET imaging may be useful for longitudinal monitoring of neuroinflammation during AD progression and treatment and may also be useful for other neurodegenerative diseases.

from #Neuroscience via alexandrossfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1LzXuVk
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1R6JGbZ
via IFTTT

Defects in Synaptic Plasticity, Reduced NMDA-Receptor Transport, and Instability of Postsynaptic Density Proteins in Mice Lacking Microtubule-Associated Protein 1A

Microtubule-associated protein 1A (MAP1A) is a member of the major non-motor microtubule-binding proteins. It has been suggested that MAP1A tethers NMDA receptors (NRs) to the cytoskeleton by binding with proteins postsynaptic density (PSD)-93 and PSD-95, although the function of MAP1A in vivo remains elusive. The present study demonstrates that mouse MAP1A plays an essential role in maintaining synaptic plasticity through an analysis of MAP1A knock-out mice. The mice exhibited learning disabilities, which correlated with decreased long-term potentiation and long-term depression in the hippocampal neurons, as well as a concomitant reduction in the extent of NR-dependent EPSCs. Surface expression of NR2A and NR2B subunits also decreased. Enhanced activity-dependent degradation of PSD-93 and reduced transport of NR2A/2B in dendrites was likely responsible for altered receptor function in neurons lacking MAP1A. These data suggest that tethering of NR2A/2B with the cytoskeleton through MAP1A is fundamental for synaptic function.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This work is the first report showing the significance of non-motor microtubule-associated protein in maintaining synaptic plasticity thorough a novel mechanism: anchoring of NMDA receptors to cytoskeleton supports transport of NMDA receptors and stabilizes postsynaptic density scaffolds binding to NMDA receptors. Newly generated mutant mice lacking MAP1A exhibited learning disabilities and reduced synaptic plasticity attributable to disruptions of the anchoring machinery.

from #Neuroscience via alexandrossfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1LzXu7y
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1R6JEke
via IFTTT

Correction: Adnani et al., Zac1 Regulates the Differentiation and Migration of Neocortical Neurons via Pac1

from #Neuroscience via alexandrossfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1OgNu9G
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1R6JGbX
via IFTTT

Cortical Interneuron Subtypes Vary in Their Axonal Action Potential Properties

The role of interneurons in cortical microcircuits is strongly influenced by their passive and active electrical properties. Although different types of interneurons exhibit unique electrophysiological properties recorded at the soma, it is not yet clear whether these differences are also manifested in other neuronal compartments. To address this question, we have used voltage-sensitive dye to image the propagation of action potentials into the fine collaterals of axons and dendrites in two of the largest cortical interneuron subtypes in the mouse: fast-spiking interneurons, which are typically basket or chandelier neurons; and somatostatin containing interneurons, which are typically regular spiking Martinotti cells. We found that fast-spiking and somatostatin-expressing interneurons differed in their electrophysiological characteristics along their entire dendrosomatoaxonal extent. The action potentials generated in the somata and axons, including axon collaterals, of somatostatin-expressing interneurons are significantly broader than those generated in the same compartments of fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons. In addition, action potentials back-propagated into the dendrites of somatostatin-expressing interneurons much more readily than fast-spiking interneurons. Pharmacological investigations suggested that axonal action potential repolarization in both cell types depends critically upon Kv1 channels, whereas the axonal and somatic action potentials of somatostatin-expressing interneurons also depend on BK Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels. These results indicate that the two broad classes of interneurons studied here have expressly different subcellular physiological properties, allowing them to perform unique computational roles in cortical circuit operations.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neurons in the cerebral cortex are of two major types: excitatory and inhibitory. The proper balance of excitation and inhibition in the brain is critical for its operation. Neurons contain three main compartments: dendritic, somatic, and axonal. How the neurons receive information, process it, and pass on new information depends upon how these three compartments operate. While it has long been assumed that axons are simply for conducting information from the cell body to the synapses, here we demonstrate that the axons of different types of interneurons, the inhibitory cells, possess differing electrophysiological properties. This result implies that differing types of interneurons perform different tasks in the cortex, not only through their anatomical connections, but also through how their axons operate.

from #Neuroscience via alexandrossfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Hnl2lg
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1PZmJGT
via IFTTT

Resonant Interneurons Can Increase Robustness of Gamma Oscillations

Gamma oscillations are believed to play a critical role in in information processing, encoding, and retrieval. Inhibitory interneuronal network gamma (ING) oscillations may arise from a coupled oscillator mechanism in which individual neurons oscillate or from a population oscillator in which individual neurons fire sparsely and stochastically. All ING mechanisms, including the one proposed herein, rely on alternating waves of inhibition and windows of opportunity for spiking. The coupled oscillator model implemented with Wang–Buzsáki model neurons is not sufficiently robust to heterogeneity in excitatory drive, and therefore intrinsic frequency, to account for in vitro models of ING. Similarly, in a tightly synchronized regime, the stochastic population oscillator model is often characterized by sparse firing, whereas interneurons both in vivo and in vitro do not fire sparsely during gamma, but rather on average every other cycle. We substituted so-called resonator neural models, which exhibit class 2 excitability and postinhibitory rebound (PIR), for the integrators that are typically used. This results in much greater robustness to heterogeneity that actually increases as the average participation in spikes per cycle approximates physiological levels. Moreover, dynamic clamp experiments that show autapse-induced firing in entorhinal cortical interneurons support the idea that PIR can serve as a network gamma mechanism. Furthermore, parvalbumin-positive (PV⁺) cells were much more likely to display both PIR and autapse-induced firing than GAD2⁺ cells, supporting the view that PV⁺ fast-firing basket cells are more likely to exhibit class 2 excitability than other types of inhibitory interneurons.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Gamma oscillations are believed to play a critical role in information processing, encoding, and retrieval. Networks of inhibitory interneurons are thought to be essential for these oscillations. We show that one class of interneurons with an abrupt onset of firing at a threshold frequency may allow more robust synchronization in the presence of noise and heterogeneity. The mechanism for this robustness depends on the intrinsic resonance at this threshold frequency. Moreover, we show experimentally the feasibility of the proposed mechanism and suggest a way to distinguish between this mechanism and another proposed mechanism: that of a stochastic population oscillator independent of the dynamics of individual neurons.

from #Neuroscience via alexandrossfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1LzXvsk
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1LA5FRw
via IFTTT

Human Umbilical Tissue-Derived Cells Promote Synapse Formation and Neurite Outgrowth via Thrombospondin Family Proteins

Cell therapy demonstrates great potential for the treatment of neurological disorders. Human umbilical tissue-derived cells (hUTCs) were previously shown to have protective and regenerative effects in animal models of stroke and retinal degeneration, but the underlying therapeutic mechanisms are unknown. Because synaptic dysfunction, synapse loss, degeneration of neuronal processes, and neuronal death are hallmarks of neurological diseases and retinal degenerations, we tested whether hUTCs contribute to tissue repair and regeneration by stimulating synapse formation, neurite outgrowth, and neuronal survival. To do so, we used a purified rat retinal ganglion cell culture system and found that hUTCs secrete factors that strongly promote excitatory synaptic connectivity and enhance neuronal survival. Additionally, we demonstrated that hUTCs support neurite outgrowth under normal culture conditions and in the presence of the growth-inhibitory proteins chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, myelin basic protein, or Nogo-A (reticulon 4). Furthermore, through biochemical fractionation and pharmacology, we identified the major hUTC-secreted synaptogenic factors as the thrombospondin family proteins (TSPs), TSP1, TSP2, and TSP4. Silencing TSP expression in hUTCs, using small RNA interference, eliminated both the synaptogenic function of these cells and their ability to promote neurite outgrowth. However, the majority of the prosurvival functions of hUTC-conditioned media was spared after TSP knockdown, indicating that hUTCs secrete additional neurotrophic factors. Together, our findings demonstrate that hUTCs affect multiple aspects of neuronal health and connectivity through secreted factors, and each of these paracrine effects may individually contribute to the therapeutic function of these cells.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Human umbilical tissue-derived cells (hUTC) are currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration. These cells show great promise for the treatment of neurological disorders; however, the therapeutic effects of these cells on CNS neurons are not fully understood. Here we provide compelling evidence that hUTCs secrete multiple factors that work synergistically to enhance synapse formation and function, and support neuronal growth and survival. Moreover, we identified thrombospondins (TSPs) as the hUTC-secreted factors that mediate the synaptogenic and growth-promoting functions of these cells. Our findings highlight novel paracrine effects of hUTC on CNS neuron health and connectivity and begin to unravel potential therapeutic mechanisms by which these cells elicit their effects.

from #Neuroscience via alexandrossfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1LzXtAs
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1PZmICy
via IFTTT

Expression of Quinone Reductase-2 in the Cortex Is a Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Dependent Memory Consolidation Constraint

Learning of novel information, including novel taste, requires activation of neuromodulatory transmission mediated, for example, by the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in relevant brain structures. In addition, drugs enhancing the function of mAChRs are used to treat memory impairment and decline. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are poorly understood. Here, using quantitative RT-PCR in Wistar Hola rats, we found quinone reductase 2 (QR2) to be expressed in the cortex in an mAChR-dependent manner. QR2 mRNA expression in the insular cortex is inversely correlated with mAChR activation both endogenously, after novel taste learning, and exogenously, after pharmacological manipulation of the muscarinic transmission. Moreover, reducing QR2 expression levels through lentiviral shRNA vectors or activity via inhibitors is sufficient to enhance long-term memories. We also show here that, in patients with Alzheimer's disease, QR2 is overexpressed in the cortex. It is suggested that QR2 expression in the cortex is a removable limiting factor of memory formation and thus serves as a new target to enhance cognitive function and delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We found that: (1) quinone reductase 2 (QR2) expression is a muscarinic-receptor-dependent removable constraint on memory formation in the cortex, (2) reducing QR2 expression or activity in the cortex enhances memory formation, and (3) Alzheimer's disease patients overexpressed QR2. We believe that these results propose a new mechanism by which muscarinic acetylcholine receptors affect cognition and suggest that inhibition of QR2 is a way to enhance cognition in normal and pathological conditions.

from #Neuroscience via alexandrossfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1LzXvZl
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1LA5Egb
via IFTTT

Progressive Hearing Loss in Mice Carrying a Mutation in Usp53

Disordered protein ubiquitination has been linked to neurodegenerative disease, yet its role in inner ear homeostasis and hearing loss is essentially unknown. Here we show that progressive hearing loss in the ethylnitrosourea-generated mambo mouse line is caused by a mutation in Usp53, a member of the deubiquitinating enzyme family. USP53 contains a catalytically inactive ubiquitin-specific protease domain and is expressed in cochlear hair cells and a subset of supporting cells. Although hair cell differentiation is unaffected in mambo mice, outer hair cells degenerate rapidly after the first postnatal week. USP53 colocalizes and interacts with the tight junction scaffolding proteins TJP1 and TJP2 in polarized epithelial cells, suggesting that USP53 is part of the tight junction complex. The barrier properties of tight junctions of the stria vascularis appeared intact in a biotin tracer assay, but the endocochlear potential is reduced in adult mambo mice. Hair cell degeneration in mambo mice precedes endocochlear potential decline and is rescued in cochlear organotypic cultures in low potassium milieu, indicating that hair cell loss is triggered by extracellular factors. Remarkably, heterozygous mambo mice show increased susceptibility to noise injury at high frequencies. We conclude that USP53 is a novel tight junction-associated protein that is essential for the survival of auditory hair cells and normal hearing in mice, possibly by modulating the barrier properties and mechanical stability of tight junctions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hereditary hearing loss is extremely prevalent in the human population, but many genes linked to hearing loss remain to be discovered. Forward genetics screens in mice have facilitated the identification of genes involved in sensory perception and provided valuable animal models for hearing loss in humans. This involves introducing random mutations in mice, screening the mice for hearing defects, and mapping the causative mutation. Here, we have identified a mutation in the Usp53 gene that causes progressive hearing loss in the mambo mouse line. We demonstrate that USP53 is a catalytically inactive deubiquitinating enzyme and a novel component of tight junctions that is necessary for sensory hair cell survival and inner ear homeostasis.

from #Neuroscience via alexandrossfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1LzXtR5
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1PZmImi
via IFTTT

Unexpected cause of recurrent epistaxis

Description

A 76-year-old man with a medical history of laryngeal cancer (T2N0M0), treated with radiotherapy and surgical excision (open partial laryngectomy) 20 years previously, and currently undergoing investigations for haematemesis, attended the emergency department after undergoing a week of recurrent epistaxis sometimes associated with hypotension and syncope. On examination, he had normal rhinoscopy findings. Blood tests revealed anaemia (haemoglobin 6 g/dL) with normal coagulation tests. After stabilising the patient with a blood transfusion, an oesophagogastroduodenoscopy was conducted, which revealed blood clots in the oesophagus, without a clear ulcer, wound or varices. The patient underwent an arteriography—the image showed a left carotid oesophageal fistula (figure 1, left).

Figure 1

Arteriography showing a left carotid oesophageal fistula (left), where three stents were inserted, resulting in complete fistula closure (right).

Causes of carotid-oesophageal fistula can result from arterial lesions; mediastinitis;1 a foreign body, such...

from Cases via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1R6kQsF
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1lKhbVv
via IFTTT

Continuous use of enzalutamide in a patient who developed enzalutamide-induced thrombocytopenia

Drug-induced thrombocytopenia (DIT) is known to be caused by many drugs. In daily clinical practice, it is not uncommon to observe cases of thrombocytopenia related to enzalutamide. We report the case of a 69-year-old patient with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) who was started on enzalutamide at a dose of 160 mg/day. Two weeks after starting enzalutamide, asymptomatic thrombocytopenia (platelet count 14 000/µL) occurred. Enzalutamide was withdrawn and the patient received platelet transfusions. The platelet count recovered immediately. Because the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level had started to fall during treatment with enzalutamide, the patient was restarted on enzalutamide, but at a dose of 80 mg/day. He has continued to use enzalutamide without developing thrombocytopenia and the PSA level has kept falling. This case suggests that it is possible to again use enzalutamide in patients who have developed enzalutamide-induced thrombocytopenia.

from Cases via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1jjwuCF
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Ih3To0
via IFTTT

Thymic carcinoma presenting as atypical chest pain

A 58-year-old woman with a 2-month history of atypical chest pain was referred to the chest pain clinic by the general practitioner. Exercise stress test was positive and subsequent coronary angiogram revealed significant triple vessel disease with left ventricular impairment requiring a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). The patient had a chest X-ray as part of the preoperative work up. Chest X-ray revealed a large anterior mediastinal mass. Subsequent thorax CT revealed a 7.2  cm anterior mediastinal mass. CT-guided biopsy of the mass revealed the diagnosis of a poorly differentiated thymic basaloid carcinoma. The patient was successfully treated with concomitant surgery involving complete resection of the mass and a CABG procedure.

from Cases via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1R6kSAU
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1lKhbF7
via IFTTT

Use of ticagrelor in human pregnancy, the first experience

Ticagrelor was daily administered throughout pregnancy to a 37-year-old pregnant woman until 36 weeks of gestation. The patient, with Behcet disease, suffered from a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction 4 months before conception, possibly related to hypertension and tobacco abuse. Pregnancy and postpartum periods were uneventful. She delivered a healthy but small-for-gestational-age term neonate.

from Cases via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1jjwoLs
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Ih3SR4
via IFTTT

Pelvic Actinomyces israelii abscess: a differential diagnosis of a pelvic mass

A 52-year-old woman was admitted to our district general hospital, with a rapidly growing, increasingly tender mass in the right iliac fossa, difficulty mobilising with a fixed flexion deformity of the right hip and 15 kg weight loss in 5 months. Her 8-month long surgical history for investigation of a pelvic mass stemmed from the removal of an intrauterine device. It included radiological and surgical investigations. We report the second case in the literature, of a patient presenting with abdominal wall abscess, psoas abscess and hydronephrosis as a long-term complication of Actinomyces israelii infection of the ipsilateral ovary with a favourable outcome having excluded ovarian malignancy.

from Cases via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1R6kPVL
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1lKhdwF
via IFTTT

Fulminant antenatal pulmonary oedema in a woman with hypertension and superimposed preeclampsia

An asymptomatic 40-year-old para 1 black African woman with pre-existing hypertension and a booking blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg, was admitted with superimposed preeclampsia diagnosed because of worsening hypertension and significant proteinuria at 27+5 weeks gestation. Antenatally, her blood pressure was controlled with labetalol, and blood tests including serum creatinine were within normal limits for pregnancy. Three days later, the patient developed severe hypertension despite treatment, and reported sudden onset severe shortness of breath; oxygen saturations on air dropped to 93%. Auscultation revealed widespread crepitations leading to a working diagnosis of pulmonary oedema. Despite appropriate management, respiratory function continued to deteriorate and she required intubation, ventilation and emergency caesarean section under general anaesthesia. A live male infant was delivered floppy and was intubated and resuscitated. He awaits discharge home on oxygen. The mother's pulmonary oedema resolved postpartum. Echocardiogram showed left ventricular hypertrophy but normal left ventricular function and the patient's hypertension is being controlled on medication.

from Cases via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1jjwqTC
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Ih3T7D
via IFTTT

Guillain-Barre syndrome as first presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus: a rare manifestation complicated by IVIg-induced splenic infarct

A 44-year-old woman presented with progressively worsening neurological symptoms of 1 week duration. Physical examination revealed absent reflexes of the lower extremities and proximal muscle weakness, bilaterally. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and electrophysiological studies were consistent with the diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and the patient was started on intravenous immunoglobulin infusion. Along with positive neurological findings, rheumatological work up revealed elevated antinuclear antibody titres, positive double-stranded DNA and anti-Smith antibodies. These results, in conjunction with positive clinical findings, confirmed an underlying diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The patient's hospital course was complicated by an episode of severe left upper quadrant abdominal pain, fever, tachycardia and elevated inflammatory markers. CT scan of the abdomen revealed a splenic infarct following completion of IVIg infusion, making this a contributor to thrombus formation in the setting of an already thrombophilic state, and a rare complication of an approved method of treatment.

from Cases via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1R6kS3U
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Ih3T7v
via IFTTT

A young woman with a jejuno-jejunal intussusception

A 27-year-old woman presented at the emergency department, with pain in the epigastric region. Because physical examination, blood results, urine tests and an X-ray of the thorax showed no abnormalities, she was discharged. Twelve hours later, she presented again at the emergency department, with intense abdominal pain. The blood results, an X-ray and ultrasound of the abdomen were now aberrant. A CT of the abdomen showed an extensive intussusception. During an emergency laparotomy, the intussusception of the proximal jejunum was confirmed. Owing to gangrene of the proximal jejunum, a resection was inevitable. A polyp in the resected part of the jejunum was the lead point of the intussusception. This case report shows the challenges of diagnosing an 'intussusception' and gives a short overview of this condition in adults.

from Cases via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1R6kPF3
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1lKhboo
via IFTTT

DADS neuropathy associated with anti-TNF-{alpha} therapy

A 52-year-old man with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and severe rheumatoid arthritis presented with a 1-year history of progressively worsening limb paraesthesia. Examination showed sensory loss in a glove and stocking distribution, absent reflexes and unsteady tandem gait. Nerve conduction studies suggested an acquired peripheral neuropathy with distal demyelination, which—together with the clinical phenotype—was consistent with a Distal Acquired Demyelinating Symmetric (DADS) neuropathy pattern. This was attributed to therapy with adalimumab, an antitumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α agent, which the patient had been taking for 2 years for rheumatoid arthritis. One month after discontinuing adalimumab, the limb paraesthesia had resolved completely and the patient had a normal tandem gait. Demyelinating disorders may rarely occur as complications of anti-TNF-α agents and therefore have implications for pretreatment counselling and ongoing monitoring. DADS neuropathy is a subtype of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, which responds poorly to standard therapy and has not previously been described with anti-TNF-α therapy.

from Cases via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1R6kPEZ
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Ih3SAF
via IFTTT

The unexpected finding of a splenic infarction in a patient with infectious mononucleosis due to Epstein-Barr virus

The authors present a case of a 24-year-old man with infectious mononucleosis (IM) due to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Among his symptoms, he reported abdominal pain in the upper left quadrant. An abdominal ultrasound and CT revealed an extensive splenic infarction. During the acute stage of this disease, the thrombophilic screening revealed reduced free protein S and elevated factor VIII, with normalisation on re-evaluation 6 weeks later. Splenic infarction is a very rare complication of IM due to EBV but should be considered in patients presenting abdominal pain. A hypercoagulability state should be investigated. To our knowledge, this is the first described case of a splenic infarction in a patient with IM due to EBV associated with a transient reduction of protein S and elevation of factor VIII. Thus, this work promotes the importance of including these factors in the thrombophilic screening conducted during the investigation of similar cases.

from Cases via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1jjwq5Y
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Ih3SAz
via IFTTT

Successful treatment of recurrent rectal prolapse using three Thiersch sutures in children

Many techniques are described to manage recurrent rectal prolapse in children, including repeated Thiersch stitch, phenol injections, Delorme and Altemeier procedures, and rectopexy. We describe a case of successful treatment of rectal prolapse by placing three Thiersch sutures circumferentially along the anal canal—a simple and novel modification of a well-known procedure. An 8-year-old boy with full-thickness rectal prolapse was treated with laxatives to no avail. He was subsequently treated with phenol-in-almond-oil injection and insertion of a 1/0PDS Thiersch suture. The effects were temporary with recurrence 3 months later. A further phenol-in-almond-oil injection was given and a 1/0PDS Thiersch suture placed, and the patient was discharged on laxatives. Recurrence occurred again at 3 months. This was treated with three circumferential Thiersch sutures along the anal canal—one Prolene 2/0 and two 1/0PDS. There has been no recurrence at follow-up. Placement of three sequential Thiersch sutures along the rectum is effective in treating recurrent rectal prolapse and a good alternative to major rectopexy.

from Cases via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1R6kPoH
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1lKhb7Y
via IFTTT

Using hydrogen sulfide to design and develop drugs.

Using hydrogen sulfide to design and develop drugs.

Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2015 Nov 23;

Authors: Calderone V, Martelli A, Testai L, Citi V, Breschi MC

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gasotransmitter, involved in the regulation of several biological functions. Conversely, impaired biosynthesis of H2S is associated with important diseases. This paves the way to exciting pharmacological perspectives for drugs acting on the "H2S system". Areas covered: At the beginning of this manuscript, the authors present the biological roles and mechanisms of action of hydrogen sulfide. The authors then discuss the developments in the modulation of the H2S system via heterogeneous molecules, which behave as sources of exogenous H2S, and are promising drugs for a number of diseases. Expert opinion: The rate of H2S generation, the physicochemical characteristics and the bioavailability greatly affect the overall pharmacological profile of each H2S-releasing compound. Therefore, the development of broad collections of original moieties endowed with heterogeneous rates/mechanisms of H2S-release and a variety of physicochemical, biological and pharmacological features is the most timely and compelling issue in the field of H2S-based drug discovery.

PMID: 26593865 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PubMed 3 via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1LzJKcU
via IFTTT

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1jjRCca
via IFTTT

Dermatologic Therapy

Two cases of upper lip correction using multipolydioxanone scaffold

Successful treatment of traumatic scars with combined nonablative fractional laser and pinpoint technique of standard CO2 laser To evaluate the use of a pinpoint irradiation technique followed by nonablative fractional technique in treatment of traumatic scars. Thirteen patients with traumatic sacrs were treated with pinpoint technique of CO2 laser using traditional headpiece activating laser at a frequency (50 Hz) to deliver pulsed mode with power of 1 W using the focusing technique followed by 3–5 passes of the nonablative 1540 nm fractional Er:glass laser. An independent physician evaluator assessed the treatment outcomes using Vancouver scar scale (VSS) and 5-point grading scale (grade 0, no improvement; grade 1, 1–25%; grade 2, 26–50%; grade 3, 51–75%; grade 4, 76–100% improvement). After the final treatment, average percentage changes of VSS were 41.5%. Improvement was evident in terms of vascularity, pigmentation, and height, while insignificant in terms of Pliability. Based on physician's global assessment, mean grade of 2.5 was achieved. Patient's subjective satisfaction scores paralleled the physician's objective evaluation. Pinpoint irradiation technique by CO2 laser followed by nonablative fractional laser is a safe and effective modality in treatment of scars.

Clinical efficacy and safety of topical versus oral ivermectin in treatment of uncomplicated scabies Many medications are available for scabies treatment including oral and topical ivermectin. However, studies comparing these two forms as a scabies treatment are few. This study compares efficacy and safety of topical versus oral ivermectin as scabies treatment. The study included 62 confirmed uncomplicated scabies patients, divided into: Group I (32 patients, received topical ivermectin) and Group II (30 patients, received oral ivermectin). Patients were assessed, clinically and by KOH smear at 1, 2 and 4 weeks. Treatment was repeated after one week in patients with persistent infection. Adverse events were recorded. Most patients (87.5% and 73.5% in group I and group II respectively) were symptom free after a single treatment. A second treatment was required in 4 patients of group I and 8 patients of group II. However, 2 weeks after treatment symptoms and signs completely resolved in all cases with no recurrence at 4 weeks. This study suggests that both topical and oral ivermectin are safe and equally effective in treatment of uncomplicated scabies. Single treatment, whether topical or oral, is associated with high cure rate in a week post treatment. However, repeating treatment after one week may be required to achieve 100% cure.

Factors contributing to the treatment duration of diphenylcyclopropenone immunotherapy for periungual warts Diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) immunotherapy has been shown to be efficacious for the treatment of warts, especially periungual warts for which destructive techniques are limited. However, factors affecting the duration of treatment of periungual warts have not been studied. A total of 61 patients with periungual warts who were completely cured with DPCP immunotherapy were included in this study. Age, sex, disease duration, location (fingernail, toenail, or both), number of warts, diameter of the largest wart, application number for sensitization and two types of sensitization reactions, erythema and blister index (EBI), and pruritus index were evaluated. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to find correlations of these variables with the treatment duration. Of the nine variables, application number for sensitization (regression coefficient = 3.251 and 2.428, respectively) and EBI (regression coefficient = −9.950 and −9.694, respectively) were independent factors significantly affecting both the total duration of treatment and the duration of treatment after sensitization (p < 0.05, respectively). The sample size was limited. A shorter sensitization period and more severe EBI of the sensitization reaction contribute to a shorter time required for a complete cure in the treatment of periungual warts with DPCP immunotherapy.

Use of Becaplermin for nondiabetic ulcers: pyoderma gangrenosum and calciphylaxis Large difficult to heal ulcers of various etiologies carry a high morbidity and mortality rate. Becaplermin is a recombinant platelet-derived growth factor approved for treatment of diabetic ulcers. In this two-case series, we report the use of becaplermin in the treatment of ulcers due to (i) calciphylaxis, an often fatal condition resulting from systemic calcification and thrombosis of vessels and (ii) pyoderma gangrenosum (PG), a neutrophilic dermatosis. We also report that topical collagenase worsened PG ulcers, consistent with pathergy. Becaplermin can be used to help treat ulcers resulting from calciphylaxis and PG. These encouraging results lend support for the utilization of becaplermin in the treatment of nondiabetic chronic ulcers of various etiologies.

Circumscribed juvenile pityriasis rubra pilaris responsive to alitretinoin

Angiokeratoma of Fordyce response to long pulsed Nd:YAG laser treatment Angiokeratoma of Fordyce can be easily diagnosed by their typical erythra and cured by varied therapeutic methods including surgery, electrocoagulation, cryotherapy, or various laser systems. Which are the optimal therapeutic methods? There are no consentaneous opinions in the reported articles. We present our characteristic treatment with the application of long pulsed neodymium–dopedyttrium–aluminum–garne (lpNd:YAG) laser in the treatment of angiokeratoma of Fordyce. A 1064 nm lpNd:YAG laser (spot size: 5 mm/7 mm, energy:90–130 J/cm2, and pulse duration: 10–20 ms.) was used to treat the patient's lesions. The desirable clinical endpoint of the treatment was lesions shrunk and turned pallor immediately after the irradiation. The treatment interval was at least 8 weeks. Of the 11 patients, 9 of them were cured and 2 of them were improved. The mean treatment sessions were 2.2 times. None of them had a scar formation and any other side effects. All of them were satisfied with the treatment results. We conclude that angiokeratoma of Fordyce responded well to lpNd:YAG laser treatment. It provided a simple, rapid, and no bleeding treatment in treating Angiokeratoma of Fordyce.

Tinea profunda of the genital area. Successful treatment of a rare skin disease We present a rare case of 36-year-old female patient, who developed a severe Majocchi granuloma in the pubis after waxing, with isolated causative agent Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The condition was initially misdiagnosed as a bacterial folliculitis and treated unsuccessfully with topical corticosteroids and antibiotics. After the adequate diagnose was confirmed by mycological examination, followed by histopathological verification, complete remission of the symptoms was achieved at the 4th week after initiating 6 weeks course of antifungal therapy with Terbinafine 250 mg/daily dose, while good therapeutic response was observed even in the 10th day. The etiopathogenesis of the disease, as well as its current treatment options are considered, in respect to the rare occurrence of this condition in the pubic area and its frequent misdiagnosis.

Efficacy of topical flutamide in the treatment of melasma

Use of emollient in atopic dermatitis prevention

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Yuo636
via IFTTT

Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology

From the desk of the business manager Rama Raju Devaraju Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology 2015 27(3):337-337

Correlation of blood glucose level in gingival crevicular blood and finger capillary blood using glucometer Supreet Jain, Mathod C Shashikanth, Jaideep Sur, Fatima Khan, Sheetal Mujoo, Deeplaxmi Dewangan Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology 2015 27(3):338-342 Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the reliability of gingival crevicular blood (GCB) glucose level compared with finger capillary blood (FCB) glucose level using a glucose self-monitoring device (Contour ® TS). Materials and Methods: One hundred randomly selected patients with gingivitis (45 subjects) and periodontitis (55 subjects) were included in the study. The mean age of the study group subjects was 35.39 ± 11.97 years (range 17-70 years). The blood glucose values obtained from GCB elicited during routine periodontal probing and those of peripheral finger stick blood glucose were recorded using a glucose self-monitoring device (glucometer) during fasting and postprandial phases. Statistical analysis was done using Student's "t" test and Karl Pearson's product moment correlation. The regression analysis was then performed to compare the GCB and FCB blood glucose readings using the approach of Bland and Altman. Results: There was no statistically significant difference (t = 1.443, P = 0.152) between the fasting GCB and FCB glucose values, but it was significant during postprandial measurement (t = 6.893, P < 0.001). Pearson's correlation showed a positive correlation between the two measurements (r = 0.893, P < 0.001). Bland-Altman regression analysis revealed sufficient agreement between the two values. Conclusion: The results suggest that GCB collected during diagnostic periodontal examination may be an excellent source of blood for glucometric analysis. Thus, it can be used as a chairside investigative procedure.

A study on the radiographic features of jaws and teeth in patients with thalassemia major using orthopantomograph Neera Ohri, Mubeen Khan, Nikita Gupta, Garima Bhatt, Parul Malhotra, Abhishek Ranjanpati Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology 2015 27(3):343-348 Aims and Objectives: Thalassemia is the most common gene disorder caused by mutations that decrease the rate of synthesis of α- or β-globin chains. Every year approximately 100,000 children with thalassemia major are born the world over, of which 10,000 are born in India. This study aimed to compare the radiographic findings of jaws and teeth, as well as crown body and root lengths of the mandibular first permanent molar in thalassemia major patients. Materials and Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 50 thalassemia major patients and 50 controls were made. The radiological changes in the jaws and teeth and the dimensional changes in the teeth were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Two observers were involved in evaluating the specific changes and findings were subjected to statistical analysis using chi-square test (χ2 ) test. Differences in crown body height, root length, and crown:root (C:R) ratio were found using independent t-test. Results: A significant difference was found between the two groups in the occurrence of short spiky roots, taurodontism, faint lamina dura, large bone marrow spaces, obliteration of maxillary sinus (haziness), indistinct inferior alveolar canal, thin mandibular cortex (P < 0.001), nutrient canals (P < 0.02), and between mean crown body and root values of the two groups (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in prominent antegonial notch (P = 0.860) and C:R ratio (P = 0.989). Conclusion: Taurodonts, short spiky roots, thin mandibular cortex, enlarged bone marrow spaces, and obliterated maxillary sinuses were found to occur with high frequency in thalassemia major, followed by indistinct inferior alveolar canal and attenuated lamina dura.

Estimation of serum antioxidant enzymes in histopathological grades of oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, and oral cancer: A clinicopathologic study Shalu Rai, Akshay Sharma, Vikash Ranjan, Deepankar Misra, Sapna Panjwani Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology 2015 27(3):349-353 Introduction: This study was undertaken to assess the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide distmutase (SOD), beta carotene, and vitamin E in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), oral leukoplakia (OL), and oral cancer patients. Though several studies have been done on the levels of antioxidants in these disorders, there are very few available reports in patients with various histological staging of these disorders. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 40 patients who were divided into three groups: Group I as control with 20 normal individuals, group II with histopathologically confirmed different stages of OSMF and OL, and group III with histopathologically confirmed different stages of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Standard methods for estimation of serum values were used and statistical comparisons were performed using SPSS software 16.0 version and the level of significance was calculated. Results: The mean levels of vitamin E, beta carotene, MDA, and SOD among Group I subjects were 9.89 ± 0.75, 112.10 ± 11.97, 2.92 ± 0.36, and 189.45 ± 14.17, respectively. In group II patients with OL having mild dysplasia, serum vitamin E, beta carotene, MDA, and SOD levels were found to be 7.89 ± 0.87, 70.75 ± 2.82, 9.89 ± 0.92, and 119.63 ± 24.97, respectively. In moderate dysplasia, these values were 7.16 ± 0.55, 69.80 ± 5.54, 10.56 ± 0.46, and 115.20 ± 23.03, respectively. Serum vitamin E, beta carotene, MDA, and SOD levels were 7.70 ± 0.57, 70.50 ± 3.54, 9.81 ± 0.11, and 115.00 ± 8.49, respectively, in grade I OSMF and 7.32 ± 0.29, 69.67 ± 3.43, 9.76 ± 0.38, and 113.67 ± 8.32, respectively, in grade II OSMF. In group III patients with well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC), serum vitamin E, beta carotene, MDA, and SOD levels were 7.01 ± 0.36, 64.32 ± 3.42, 12.98 ± 0.67, and 59.22 ± 4.01, respectively, and in patients with moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (MDSCC), the values were 6.54 ± 0.41, 61.87 ± 2.03, 13.34 ± 0.42, and 58.43 ± 2.26, respectively. The P-value was calculated and the results were highly significant. Conclusion: A decrease in the levels of antioxidants like beta carotene, vitamin E, and SOD and an increase in MDA level in these disorders have been previously reported in the literature.

Fractal analysis in oral leukoplakia Prashant Bhai Pandey, Srinivas Kandakurti, Vasu S Saxena, Payal Tripathi, Ratnakar Pamula, Monu Yadav Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology 2015 27(3):354-358 Introduction: Fractal analysis (FA) quantifies complex geometric structures by generating a fractal dimension (FD), which can measure the complexity of mucosa. FA is a quantitative tool used to measure the complexity of self-similar or semi-self-similar structures. Aim and Objective: The study was done to perform the FA of oral mucosa with keratotic changes, as it is also made up of self-similar tissues, and thus, its FD can be calculated. Results: In oral leukoplakia, keratinization increases the complexity of mucosa, which denotes fractal geometry. We evaluated and compared pretreated and post-treated oral leukoplakia in 50 patients with clinically proven oral leukoplakia and analyzed the normal oral mucosa and lesional or keratinized mucosa in oral leukoplakia patients through FA using box counting method. Conclusion: FA using the fractal geometry is an efficient, noninvasive prediction tool for early detection of oral leukoplakia and other premalignant conditions in patients.

Efficacy of scintigraphy as a diagnostic aid in oral and maxillofacial pathologies: A comparative radionuclide-radiographic study Ankur Singh, Nitin Agarwal, Kamala Rawson, Basavaraj N Kallalli, Abhishek Sinha, Yatriben Sandesara Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology 2015 27(3):359-365 Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate various lesions involving the oral and maxillofacial region by using scintigraphy and to compare the findings with those of conventional radiograph. Materials and Methods: Nineteen subjects of all age groups and both sexes who reported to the outpatient department of Oral Medicine and Radiology and had been clinically diagnosed with diseases of oral and maxillofacial region were selected. Conventional radiography and scintigraphy were performed for all the subjects. Biopsy and histopathological investigations were preformed to confirm the diagnosis and on the basis of which sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and efficiency of conventional radiography and scintigraphy were evaluated. Results: Conventional radiography was found to have 94.11% sensitivity, 50% specificity, 94.11% positive predictive value, and 89.47% efficiency. Scintigraphy was found to have 100% sensitivity, 14.28% specificity, 66.66% positive predictive value, and 68.42% efficiency. Conclusion: Scintigraphy is a very sensitive diagnostic aid, but lacks in specificity. Conventional radiography, on the other hand, has good sensitivity and relatively better specificity. For a proper diagnosis, scintigraphic findings must be correlated with clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings.

Correlation of morphological variants of soft palate and types of malocclusion: A digital lateral cephalometric study Deepak Samdani, Anjali Saigal, Esha Garg Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology 2015 27(3):366-371 Aims and Objectives: The morphology of soft palate has variable presentations on lateral cephalometry. The aim of our study was to investigate the correlation between various shapes of soft palate and types of malocclusion in different gender groups among North Indian individuals. Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised randomly selected 250 healthy North Indian individuals (125 males and 125 females) seeking orthodontic treatment for malocclusion without any speech abnormality or any other syndromes or diseases and with age ranging from 14 to 28 years. Clinically, in all subjects, the type of malocclusion was examined and categorized according to Angle's classification of malocclusion. The morphological variants of soft palate were also assessed on digital lateral cephalogram and were allocated to one of the six patterns as described by You et al. The differences in the proportion of each type were studied and variation of malocclusion and soft palate morphology between gender groups was also assessed. The results obtained were subjected to a statistical analysis to find the correlation between variants of the soft palate and types of malocclusion in different gender groups. Results: In our study, the frequency of rat tail (37.2%) type of soft palate was seen in highest proportion, whereas the frequency of distorted S-shape (6.80%) was least in both the genders. Angle's class II malocclusion (51.2%) was the most common, followed by class I (43.2%), whereas class III (5.6%) was found to be the least prominent type in both the genders. Patients with Angle's class I malocclusion were most frequently found to have rat tail type soft palate, those with Angle's class II had leaf-shaped soft palate, and those with Angle's class III had crooked shaped soft palate. Angle's class II and class III malocclusions were significantly correlated with soft palate shapes, whereas Angle's class I malocclusion was highly significantly correlated with the shape of soft palate. Conclusion: It was found in our study that there was a significant correlation between variants of soft palate and types of malocclusion.

Determination of salivary flow rate, pH, and dental caries during pregnancy: A study Amruta A Karnik, Sandeep S Pagare, Vasavi Krishnamurthy, Sonal P Vahanwala, Mandavi Waghmare Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology 2015 27(3):372-376 Introduction: Saliva is an important diagnostic biofluid and the salivary composition is affected by various systemic conditions including pregnancy. Aims: The study was conducted to evaluate the salivary flow rate and pH in pregnant and non-pregnant Indian women and, consequently, to compare and correlate the salivary flow rate, pH, and prevalence of dental caries in both groups. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in our institute on a sample of 30 pregnant and 30 non-pregnant women. Materials and Methods: The clinical findings for Decayed-Missing-Filled Teeth (DMFT) index were recorded. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected to determine the salivary flow rate and pH. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were statistically analyzed using Student's t-test. Results: Salivary flow rate was lower in pregnant women (0.63 ml/min) as compared to that in non-pregnant women (0.81 ml/min) (P < 0.05) and the pH was also lesser in pregnant women (6.56) than in non-pregnant women (6.86) (P < 0.05). DMFT index showed a strong negative correlation with pH in pregnant women and non-pregnant women (P < 0.05). Conclusion: A difference was observed between the salivary parameters of pregnant and non-pregnant women in this sample. However, all the values were within the normal range. A significant inverse relation was found between salivary pH and dental caries for both the groups.

Detection of human papilloma virus (HPV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A polymerized chain reaction (PCR) study Suresh Dirasantchu, Manjula Marthala, Sameeulla Shaik, Raviraj Jayam, Suman Sreeram Venkata, Vijaykumar Bokkasam Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology 2015 27(3):377-381 Aims and Objectives: Certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) have been shown to be etiologically related to the development of uterine, cervical, and other genital cancers, but their role in the development of malignancies at other sites is less well established. Previous studies have shown HPV in tumors of the head and neck, but its prevalence has varied depending on the detection methods and the types of tumor and/or tissue examined. This study was undertaken for the detection of high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients histologically diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 10 apparently normal persons as controls were selected for the present study. Two biopsy specimens were removed surgically by incision biopsy for histopathological examination and polymerized chain reaction (PCR) study. Results: Out of 25 oral squamous cell carcinoma subjects, 8 were found to be HPV positive in PCR. Out of these eight subjects, four had HPV 16 and the other four had other genotypes, and one subject was HIV positive. Conclusion: The conclusion drawn from the present study was that well-defined risk factors like HPV may play a prominent role in the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas, in addition to other risk factors. Further studies with a larger sample size are necessary to arrive at conclusions and to explore the relationship of HPV and HIV in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Prevalence of oral soft tissue lesions and medical assessment of geriatric outpatients in North India Sameer Rastogi, Pallak Arora, Shalini Kapoor, Sartaj Singh Wazir, Shirin Vashishth, Vandana Sharma Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology 2015 27(3):382-386 Introduction: Oral health reflects overall well-being for the elderly population. Compromised oral health may be a risk factor for systemic diseases commonly occurring in old age. Oral health evaluation should be an integral part of the physical examination, and dentistry is essential to qualify geriatric patient care. Aim: To determine the prevalence of oral soft tissue lesions and systemic diseases in institutionalized geriatric population in North India. Materials and Methods: Geriatric patients were clinically evaluated using a standard questionnaire and assessed for known medical illnesses and prevalence of oral soft tissue lesions. Four hundred patients (71% males and 29% females) with age ranging from 60 to 100 years were considered in the study group. Twenty-two (33.8%) patients were edentulous and seven patients (10.8%) were denture wearers. Forty-four (67.69%) patients reported with tobacco habits. Results: Most prevalent medical illness reported was diminished vision (15.5%), followed by hypertension (10%) and diabetes mellitus (6.25%). Several oral soft tissue lesions were reported among the study population. The most prevalent lesions were leukoplakia (12%), smoker's melanosis (10%), smoker's palate (9%), pigmentation on tongue (6%), frictional keratosis (5%), lichen planus (3%), denture stomatitis (2.5%), aphthous ulcers (2%), angular chelitis (1.5%), oral submucous fibrosis (1.5%), melanotic macule (1.5%), candidiasis (1.5%), irritation fibroma (1%), geographic tongue (1%), median rhomboid glossitis (1%), and traumatic ulcer (1%). Conclusion: The findings observed in this population are important and can have a determinant effect on the overall quality of life in this population. This information is a crucial prerequisite for health awareness programs involving the community health workers, oral physicians, and medical professionals.

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1P9yEDb
via IFTTT

Journal of Neurology, Vol. 262, Issue 12 - New Issue Alert

If this email is not displayed correctly, please click here to read this table of contents online.

New Issue Alert 11/25/2015 Dear Alexandros Sfakianakis, We are pleased to deliver your requested table of contents alert for Journal of Neurology. Volume 262 Number 12 is now available online. Important news Recognized as a top Open Choice journal This journal has been recognized as a top Open Choice journal for its exceptional output of open access articles. Open Choice: Your research. Your choice. Learn more! In this issue Review Monogenic causes of stroke: now and the future Rhea Y. Y. Tan & Hugh S. Markus » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Review Treating relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: therapy effects on brain atrophy Angela Vidal-Jordana, Jaume Sastre-Garriga, Alex Rovira & Xavier Montalban » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Original Communication Long-term results from a phase 2 extension study of fingolimod at high and approved dose in relapsing multiple sclerosis Xavier Montalban, Giancarlo Comi, Jack Antel, Paul O'Connor, Ana de Vera, Malika Cremer, Nikolaos Sfikas, Philipp von Rosenstiel & Ludwig Kappos » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Original Communication Detailed volumetric analysis of the hypothalamus in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia Martina Bocchetta, Elizabeth Gordon, Emily Manning, Josephine Barnes, David M. Cash, Miklos Espak, David L. Thomas, Marc Modat, Martin N. Rossor, Jason D. Warren, Sebastien Ourselin, Giovanni B. Frisoni & Jonathan D. Rohrer » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Original Communication Autonomic dysfunction in subjects at high risk for Parkinson's disease Inga Liepelt-Scarfone, Andrea Pilotto, Katharina Müller, Christian Bormann, Katharina Gauss, Isabel Wurster, Johannes Streffer & Daniela Berg » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Original Communication Morphometric changes in the reward system of Parkinson's disease patients with impulse control disorders Clelia Pellicano, Flavia Niccolini, Kit Wu, Sean S. O'Sullivan, Andrew D. Lawrence, Andrew J. Lees, Paola Piccini & Marios Politis » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Original Communication Long-term follow-up of ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin-A injections for sialorrhea in neurological dysphagia Pierangelo Barbero, Marco Busso, Marco Tinivella, Carlo Alberto Artusi, Stefania De Mercanti, Angele Cucci, Andrea Veltri, Paolo Avagnina, Andrea Calvo, Adriano Chio', Luca Durelli & Marinella Clerico » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Original Communication Thrombectomy assisted by carotid stenting in acute ischemic stroke management: benefits and harms Henrik Steglich-Arnholm, Markus Holtmannspötter, Daniel Kondziella, Aase Wagner, Trine Stavngaard, Mats E. Cronqvist, Klaus Hansen, Joan Højgaard, Sarah Taudorf & Derk Wolfgang Krieger » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Original Communication Rituximab is effective in severe treatment-resistant neurological Behçet's syndrome D. P. Kidd » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Original Communication Outcome after intracranial haemorrhage from dural arteriovenous fistulae; a systematic review and case-series W. M. T. Jolink, J. M. C. van Dijk, C. J. J. van Asch, G. A. P. de Kort, A. Algra, R. J. M. Groen, G. J. E. Rinkel & C. J. M. Klijn » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Original Communication Variants in KIF1A gene in dominant and sporadic forms of hereditary spastic paraparesis Andrea Citterio, Alessia Arnoldi, Elena Panzeri, Luciano Merlini, Maria Grazia D'Angelo, Olimpia Musumeci, Antonio Toscano, Alice Bondi, Andrea Martinuzzi, Nereo Bresolin & Maria Teresa Bassi » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Original Communication Motor onset and diagnosis in Huntington disease using the diagnostic confidence level Dawei Liu, Jeffrey D. Long, Ying Zhang, Lynn A. Raymond, Karen Marder, Anne Rosser, Elizabeth A. McCusker, James A. Mills & Jane S. Paulsen » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Original Communication Safety profile of intracranial electrode implantation for video-EEG recordings in drug-resistant focal epilepsy Bertrand Mathon, Stéphane Clemenceau, Dominique Hasboun, Marie-Odile Habert, Hayat Belaid, Vi-Huong Nguyen-Michel, Virginie Lambrecq, Vincent Navarro, Sophie Dupont, Michel Baulac, Philippe Cornu & Claude Adam » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Original Communication Vitamin D supplementation and systemic inflammation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis Egil Røsjø, Linn H. Steffensen, Lone Jørgensen, Jonas C. Lindstrøm, Jūratė Šaltytė Benth, Annika E. Michelsen, Pål Aukrust, Thor Ueland, Margitta T. Kampman, Øivind Torkildsen & Trygve Holmøy » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Original Communication Dissecting IWG-2 typical and atypical Alzheimer's disease: insights from cerebrospinal fluid analysis Ross W. Paterson, Jamie Toombs, Catherine F. Slattery, Jennifer M. Nicholas, Ulf Andreasson, Nadia K. Magdalinou, Kaj Blennow, Jason D. Warren, Cath J. Mummery, Martin N. Rossor, Michael P. Lunn, Sebastian J. Crutch, Nick C. Fox, Henrik Zetterberg & Jonathan M. Schott » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Original Communication Site and size of multiple sclerosis lesions predict enhanced or decreased female orgasmic function Klemens Winder, Frank Seifert, Julia Koehn, Martina Deutsch, Tobias Engelhorn, Arnd Dörfler, De-Hyung Lee, Ralf A. Linker & Max J. Hilz » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Original Communication Long-term effect on dystonia after pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) in three members of a family with a THAP1 mutation P. Krause, N. Brüggemann, S. Völzmann, A. Horn, A. Kupsch, G.-H. Schneider, K. Lohmann & A. Kühn » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Original Communication Antisaccade errors reveal cognitive control deficits in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait Courtney C. Walton, Claire O'Callaghan, Julie M. Hall, Moran Gilat, Loren Mowszowski, Sharon L. Naismith, James R. Burrell, James M. Shine & Simon J. G. Lewis » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Original Communication Powerhouse failure and oxidative damage in autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay Chiara Criscuolo, C. Procaccini, M. C. Meschini, A. Cianflone, R. Carbone, S. Doccini, D. Devos, C. Nesti, I. Vuillaume, M. Pellegrino, A. Filla, G. De Michele, G. Matarese & F. M. Santorelli » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Original Communication A pilot study of cognitive behavioural therapy and relaxation for migraine headache: a randomised controlled trial S. Cousins, L. Ridsdale, L. H. Goldstein, A. J. Noble, S. Moorey & P. Seed » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Letter to the Editors High-resolution MRI: detection of a culprit plaque after recurrent thrombolysis Laura Mechtouff, Thomas Ritzenthaler, Tae-Hee Cho, Laurent Derex, Patrick Feugier, Yves Berthezene, Diane Collet-Benzaquen, Philippe Charles Douek & Norbert Nighoghossian » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Letter to the Editors Mitochondrial DNA mutation 14487T>C manifesting as Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy M. Eckenweiler, C. B. Catarino, C. Gallenmueller, T. Klopstock, W. A. Lagrèze, R. Korinthenberg & J. Kirschner » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Letter to the Editors Parkinsonism–hyperpyrexia syndrome and deep brain stimulation Carlo Alberto Artusi, Aristide Merola, Alberto J. Espay, Maurizio Zibetti, Alberto Romagnolo, Michele Lanotte & Leonardo Lopiano » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Letter to the Editors Treatment of SPG5 with cholesterol-lowering drugs Andrea Mignarri, Alessandro Malandrini, Marina Del Puppo, Alessandro Magni, Lucia Monti, Federica Ginanneschi, Alessandra Tessa, Filippo Maria Santorelli, Antonio Federico & Maria Teresa Dotti » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Neurological Update Neuro-ophthalmology and neuro-otology update Daniel R. Gold & David S. Zee » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Journal club The role of skin biopsy in differentiating idiopathic Parkinson's disease from other types of parkinsonism Ray Wynford-Thomas & Neil P. Robertson » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Pioneers in Neurology William John Adie (1886–1935) Aazim A. Siddiqui, Jonathan C. Clarke & Andrzej Grzybowski » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Erratum Erratum to: Caregiver burden in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a cross-sectional investigation of predictors Tom Burke, Marwa Elamin, Miriam Galvin, Laura Gallagher, Orla Hardiman & Niall Pender » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Erratum Erratum to: Redefining phenotypes associated with mitochondrial DNA single deletion Michelangelo Mancuso, Daniele Orsucci, Corrado Angelini, Enrico Bertini, Valerio Carelli, Giacomo Pietro Comi, Maria Alice Donati, Antonio Federico, Carlo Minetti, Maurizio Moggio, Tiziana Mongini, Filippo Maria Santorelli, Serenella Servidei, Paola Tonin, Antonio Toscano, Claudio Bruno, Luca Bello, Elena Caldarazzo Ienco, Elena Cardaioli, Michela Catteruccia, Paola Da Pozzo, Massimiliano Filosto, Costanza Lamperti, Isabella Moroni, Olimpia Musumeci, Elena Pegoraro, Dario Ronchi, Donato Sauchelli, Mauro Scarpelli, Monica Sciacco, Maria Lucia Valentino, Liliana Vercelli, Massimo Zeviani & Gabriele Siciliano » Abstract   » Full text HTML   » Full text PDF Do you want to publish your article in this journal? Please visit the homepage of Journal of Neurology for full details on: aims and scope editorial policy article submission Impact Factor: 3.377 (2014) Journal Citation Reports®, Thomson Reuters Read open access articles Click here to view all open access articles published in this journal. Interested in publishing your article open access? When you opt for Open Choice, you retain full copyright and your article is permanently freely available. Sign up for SpringerAlerts! Register for Springer's email services providing you with info on the latest books in your field. » Click here Important news Papers, the reference manager, for iPhone and iPad now totally free Full functionality, no in-app purchases or small print. Find, organize, read and share the research materials you care about, anytime, anywhere. Download today: http://ift.tt/1xaTMLk. » Learn more This email has been sent to alsfakia.journals2@blogger.com You are receiving this email because you have opted to receive information from SpringerAlerts as a registered user of our Table of Content Alert for journals. To ensure the delivery to your inbox, please add the sender address springer@alerts.springer.com to your allow list. To modify your subscription (including change of email address etc.), please go to http://ift.tt/Lqiruf and log in with your email address and password. To unsubscribe from this specific table of contents alert, please click here. To unsubscribe from ALL table of contents alerts, please click here. For all enquiries, problems or suggestions regarding this service, please contact onlineservice@springer.com. Springer respects your privacy and does not disclose, sell or rent your personal information to any nonaffiliated third parties without your consent. Please visit the Springer Privacy Statement. Springer-Verlag GmbH Heidelberg, Tiergartenstrasse 17, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany, phone: +49 6221 487 0, fax: +49 6221 487 8366 © Springer 2015, springer.com

from #Med Blogs by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis via paythelady61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1lK3oyn
via IFTTT