Radiation Research, Volume 185, Issue 4, Page 375-383, April 2016.
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Radiation Research, Volume 185, Issue 4, Page 393-401, April 2016.
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Radiation Research, Volume 185, Issue 4, Page 402-410, April 2016.
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Radiation Research, Volume 185, Issue 4, Page 423-430, April 2016.
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Radiation Research, Volume 185, Issue 4, Page 359-365, April 2016.
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Radiation Research, Volume 185, Issue 4, Page 341-348, April 2016.
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Radiation Research, Volume 185, Issue 4, Page 349-358, April 2016.
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Radiation Research, Volume 185, Issue 4, Page 431-437, April 2016.
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Radiation Research, Volume 185, Issue 4, Page 384-392, April 2016.
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Musculoskeletal tissues are constantly under mechanical strains within their microenvironment. Yet, little is understood about the effect of in vivo mechanical milieu strains on cell development and function. ...
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Science magazine highlighted a study in Nature Chemistry with the headline "Artificial muscle can heal itself". While the study describes an amazing elastomer, there are only minimal muscle applications.
Researchers from Stanford University developed a new silicone rubber elastomer, based on a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-derivative. The material can be stretched to 45 times its original length, a characteristic that the team attributed to the constant breaking and reforming of metal-ligand coordination bonds throughout stretching. The material can recover to its original length in one hour, with almost full recovery of its original stress-strain behaviour. The team cut the material in two, and then rejoined the ends. After 48 hours at room temperature, the material exhibited 90% healing efficiency. Furthermore, this healing ability was unaffected by surface ageing – that is, if the cut ends were left apart and exposed to air for 24 hours and then rejoined, the material saw no difference in healing efficiency compared to when the cut ends were immediately rejoined. This is in contrast with materials that rely on hydrogen bonding, where immediate re-contact is necessary for efficient healing. These characteristics are impressive, and appear to address two major issues of metal-ligand self-healing to heal strongly without an external stimulus.
Now onto the artificial muscle part. Given the dieletric strength of the material, the team tested its reactivity to an externally-applied electric field. The material could be seen to deform when cycled between 0 and 11 kV. However, deformations were minimal and the team still needs to characterize the contractile force, which is also likely minimal. Furthermore, how the material would behave in vivo as an artificial muscle implant is unclear: is it toxic? does it behave similarly in biological fluids? how would it be powered? Outside the body, perhaps the material could be applied as an actuator for prosthetic devices.
Calling this material artificial muscle is a…stretch. Nevertheless, here the researchers have created a good approach to preparing highly stretchable materials. The applications for self-healing materials are numerous, including anti-corrosion coatings and anti-crack structures. While a typical limitation is the difficulty in automatically joining the cut ends after damage, we could foresee this material contracting under an electric field to pull its damaged ends together and heal.
Science: Artificial muscle can heal itself…
Study in Nature Chemistry: A highly stretchable autonomous self-healing elastomer…
The post Highly Stretchable Elastomer May be Candidate for Artificial Muscles appeared first on Medgadget.
While microfluidic devices that can help detect disease biomarkers can get pretty small, they often require a microscope to read the results, negating the size advantage. Researchers at Georgia Tech have developed an electronic sensor that can detect cancer cells flowing through many channels of a microfluidic device simultaneously. The ability to use a single electronic signal to spot more than one cell at a time across the different channels was possible by borrowing data encoding techniques from CDMA, the data transmission alternative to GSM that's used by Verizon and Sprint for cell phones on their networks in the U.S.
The sensor measures the change in the impedance as a cell passes through a channel covered by an electric field. This provides the ability to identify the size of the cell, as well as where it is on the sensor and how fast it's moving.
The team was able to identify ovarian cancer cells to an accuracy of at least 90% using the prototype technology, potentially improving that much closer to 100%.
From the study abstract in journal Lab on a Chip:
In this paper, we introduce a scalable electronic sensor technology, called microfluidic CODES, that utilizes resistive pulse sensing to orthogonally detect particles in multiple microfluidic channels from a single electrical output. Combining the techniques from telecommunications and microfluidics, we route three coplanar electrodes on a glass substrate to create multiple Coulter counters producing distinct orthogonal digital codes when they detect particles. We specifically design a digital code set using the mathematical principles of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) telecommunication networks and can decode signals from different microfluidic channels with >90% accuracy through computation even if these signals overlap. As a proof of principle, we use this technology to detect human ovarian cancer cells in four different microfluidic channels fabricated using soft lithography.
Here's a short Georgia Tech video report about the technology:
Study in Lab on a Chip: Microfluidic CODES: a scalable multiplexed electronic sensor for orthogonal detection of particles in microfluidic channels…
Via: Georgia Tech…
The post Tiny Sensor Detects Cancer Cells Through Multiple Channels at The Same Time appeared first on Medgadget.
Optic nerve sheath meningiomas account for only 2 % of orbital lesions and 42 % of optic nerve tumors. Diagnosis remains difficult because histologic confirmation carries a high risk of visual loss. Therefore,...
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Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in malignant tumor progression. The count of blood microvessels of the tumor has been recognized as an indicator of malignant potential of the tumors and provides the ability to predict tumors recurrence. The role endoglin in the Dukes B rectal cancer is still unexplored. The aims of this study were to examine immunohistochemical expression of endoglin in resected rectal cancer and investigate the relationship of tumor recurrence and other clinicopathological variables to the endoglin-assessed microvessel density of the tumor tissue and distal resection margins.
The study included 95 primary rectal adenocarcinomas, corresponding to 95 distal and 95 proximal resection margin specimens from surgical resection samples. Tumor specimens were paraffin embedded, and immunohistochemical staining for the CD105 endothelial antigen was performed to count CD105-MVD. For exact measurement of the CD105-MVD used, a computer-integrated system Alphelys Spot Browser 2 was used.
The MVD was significantly higher in the tumor samples compared with the distal resection margins (p < 0.0001) and the proximal resection margins (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the MVD between distal and proximal resection margins (p = 0.147). The type of surgical resection was a significant factor for determining the recurrence of tumors (p = 0.0104). There was no significant effect of patients' age, gender, tumor location, grade of differentiation, histological tumor type, and the size and depth of tumor invasion on the recurrence of the tumor. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in the low CD105-MVD group of patients than in the high CD105-MVD group of patients (log rank test, p = 0.0406). Result of the multivariate analysis showed that the type of surgery (p = 0.0086), MVD tumors (p = 0.0385), and MVD of proximal resection margin (p = 0.0218) were the independent prognostic factors for the recurrent tumors.
CD105-assessed MVD could help to identify patients with more aggressive disease and increased risk of developing tumor recurrence after surgical treatment in stage II rectal cancer (RC).
Quantitative, reliable measures of swallowing physiology can be made from an modified barium swallowing study. These quantitative measures have not been previously employed to study large dysphagic patient populations. The present retrospective study of 139 consecutive patients with dysphagia seen in a university tertiary voice and swallowing clinic sought to use objective measures of swallowing physiology to (1) quantify the most prevalent deficits seen in the patient population, (2) identify commonly associated diagnoses and describe the most prevalent swallowing deficits, and (3) determine any correlation between objective deficits and Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) scores and body mass index. Poor pharyngeal constriction (34.5 %) and airway protection deficits (65.5 %) were the most common swallowing abnormalities. Reflux-related dysphagia (36 %), nonspecific pharyngeal dysphagia (24 %), Parkinson disease (16 %), esophageal abnormality (13 %), and brain insult (10 %) were the most common diagnoses. Poor pharyngeal constriction was significantly associated with an esophageal motility abnormality (p < 0.001) and central neurologic insult. In general, dysphagia symptoms as determined by the EAT-10 did not correlate with swallowing function abnormalities. This preliminary study indicates that reflux disease is common in patients with dysphagia and that associated esophageal abnormalities are common in dysphagic populations and may be associated with specific pharyngeal swallowing abnormalities. However, symptom scores from the EAT-10 did not correspond to swallowing pathophysiology.
Neurological diseases associated with neuronal death are also accompanied by axonal denervation of connected brain regions. In these areas, denervation leads to a decrease in afferent drive, which may in turn ...
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Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) confined to the CNS. TP53 mutations (MUT-TP53) were investigated in the context of MIR34A/B/C- and...
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Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, yet disease-modifying treatments do not currently exist. Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) was recently described as a novel ...
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There is growing evidence that defective DNA repair in neurons with accumulation of DNA lesions and loss of genome integrity underlies aging and many neurodegenerative disorders. An important challenge is to u...
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During the digitized curve extraction process of medical pulse images, to avoid the disturbance of regular coordinate grids for the detection and extraction of the pulse curve, the coordinate grids usually need to be removed before curve extraction. Based on the frequency domain analysis of energy distribution characteristics of the simulated coordinate grids, an approach based on frequency domain filtering is proposed, which can remove grids in the space domain by eliminating the energy components corresponding to the coordinate grids in the frequency domain. The proposed method is proved to be efficient and robust in removing regular grids by experiments.
Actuator faults are inevitable but affect reliability and safety of unmanned helicopters (UHs), especially when there are actuator constraints. In this paper, self-healing control, which is an extended active fault-tolerant control (FTC) method with reference redesign on-line, is proposed to analyze and to guarantee the safety of single-rotor UHs (SUHs) under both actuator faults and constraints. The safety includes body safety and mission safety. More specifically, body safety represents the stability of SUH itself and mission safety represents mission accomplishment with acceptable performance, furthermore, set-point tracking mission is considered. The main contribution of this paper is to analyze and to guarantee the safety of SUHs by solving a set of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) at one time. The set of LMIs includes saturation compensator design and stability guaranty with a given controller in the absence of actuator constraints, actuator fault compensation analysis, reference reachability analysis and reference redesign. On the other hand, by adding swashplate configuration, SUH model with real actuator outputs as control inputs is constructed which can describe actuator faults more clearly compared to SUH models with nominal control inputs. Finally, the proposed self-healing control method is illustrated by simulation with a nonlinear SUH model.
Publication date: August 2016
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 55
Author(s): Ahmad Rayan, Muayyad Ahmad
BackgroundPrevious research has supported mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) to enhance quality of life (QOL) in different populations, but no studies have been found to examine the effectiveness of MBIs on QOL among parents of children with ASD.AimThe purpose of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of brief MBI on perceived QOL and positive stress reappraisal (PSR) among parents of children with ASD.MethodsA quasi-experimental, with nonequivalent control group design was used. One hundred and four parents of children with ASD were equally assigned to the intervention and control groups. The study groups were matched on measures of their gender and age, and level of severity of ASD in children. The intervention group participated in MBI program for 5 weeks, while the control group had not attended the program.ResultsAfter the intervention program, results of paired samples t-test indicated that parents in the intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in measures of psychological health domain of QOL, social health domain of QOL, mindfulness, and positive stress reappraisal with medium to large effect size (P<0.01). The control group demonstrated improvement in measures of the dependent variables with small effect size.ConclusionMBI is culturally adaptable, acceptable, and effective method to improve QOL and PSR in parents of children with ASD.
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