Σφακιανάκης Αλέξανδρος
ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος
Αναπαύσεως 5 Άγιος Νικόλαος
Κρήτη 72100
00302841026182
00306932607174
alsfakia@gmail.com

Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

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Κυριακή 3 Απριλίου 2016

A catalog of automated analysis methods for enterprise models

Enterprise models are created for documenting and communicating the structure and state of Business and Information Technologies elements of an enterprise. After models are completed, they are mainly used to s...

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Prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis and associated risk factors among prisoners in Hadiya Zone prison, Southern Ethiopia

People concentrated in congregated systems such as prisons, are important but often neglected reservoirs for tuberculosis transmission, and threaten those in the outside community. The condition is more seriou...

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Rhabdomyosarcoma masquerading as lymphadenopathy in a patient with newly diagnosed Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Abstract

Background

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a rare malignancy which often presents with lymphadenopathy and classic "B symptoms" of weight loss, fever, and night sweats. Additional masses or nodes could easily be presumed to be a result of the initial diagnosis. On the other hand, adult rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare malignancy presenting with a new mass in a patient with previous diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma. In both cases, a tissue diagnosis should be obtained to appropriately confirm the diagnosis.

Case presentation

We present a case of a 64-year-old male who presents with right axillary lymphadenopathy, diagnosed as Hodgkin's lymphoma. He subsequently developed left inguinal lymphadenopathy without the classic B symptoms of HL. Excisional biopsy revealed rhabdomyosarcoma. Stage III Hodgkin's lymphoma (lymph node involvement on both sides of the diaphragm) is not commonly seen without typical B symptoms. Once the diagnosis of two primary malignancies is made, the dilemma becomes determining the treatment course. In the case of Hodgkin's lymphoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, there is some overlap in the chemotherapeutic regimen and use of radiation.

Conclusions

This case illustrates the importance of careful examination of Hodgkin's lymphoma patients and consideration of additional tissue diagnoses in atypical presentations of new masses or lymphadenopathy on the opposite side of the diaphragm.



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Porta hepatic schwannoma: case report and a 30-year review of the literature yielding 15 cases

Abstract

Background

Schwannomas located in the periportal region are extremely rare. Only 14 cases have been reported in the medical literature worldwide. Cases of porta hepatic schwannomas reported in the literature worldwide were reviewed. As a result, it is very challenging for surgeons to make a preoperative diagnosis due to its rarity and nonspecific imaging manifestations.

Case Presentation

A 57-year-old Chinese female was admitted to our institution with complaint of upper abdominal distension and the abdominal CT in the local hospital revealed a hypodense mass in the porta hepatis. A fine needle aspiration (FNA) was made to confirm the diagnosis, but the result was just suggestive of spindle cell neoplasia. Eventually, the patient underwent surgery and postoperative pathology confirmed schwannoma in porta hepatis. The patient recovered uneventfully with no evidence of recurrence after a follow-up period of 41 months.

Conclusions

It is essential for the final diagnosis of porta hepatic schwannomas to combine histological examination with immunohistochemistry after surgery. The main treatment of porta hepatic schwannomas is complete excision with free margins and no lymph node dissection. In some cases, biliary reconstruction or the proper hepatic and the gastroduodenal artery resection was performed because the tumor was inseparably attached to the extrahepatic bile duct or the proper hepatic and the gastroduodenal artery. Malignant transformation of schwannomas is very rare and the overall prognosis is satisfactory.



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The association between the duration of fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy and survival in stage II or III gastric cancer

Abstract

Background

This study was conducted to propose the optimal duration of fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of fluoropyrimidine derivatives alone or combined with intravenous platinum for stage II or III gastric cancer (GC).

Methods

We analyzed retrospectively the data from 2219 patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma in the stomach, who underwent a curative gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy from 2005 to 2012. Five-year overall survival (OS) and 3-year relapse-free survival (RFS) were analyzed according to the duration of fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

Results

Data from 617 patients with stage II or III GC were analyzable; 187 patients (30.3 %) were treated with surgery alone, while 430 patients (69.7 %) were treated with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The duration of adjuvant chemotherapy was less than 6 months [group 1] in 147 patients (34.2 %), 6 months to less than 12 months [group 2] in 94 patients (21.9 %), 1 year to less than 2 years [group 3] in 139 patients (32.3 %), and over 2 years [group 4] in 50 patients (11.6 %). The 5-year OS in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 75.7, 87, 90.3, and 93.4 %, respectively, while 3-year RFS was 52.5, 58.8, 81.4, and 94.0 %, respectively.

Conclusions

In this retrospective study, we did not demonstrate any significant improvement in OS and RFS by longer periods of fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II or III GCs. Further prospective randomized studies are needed.



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Clinical efficacy of postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization on hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

Data from 117 patients with HCC who underwent hepatectomy between December 2010 and February 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. In total, 55 patients underwent surgical resection only (group A), and 62 patients underwent surgical resection with adjuvant TACE (group B). The perioperative clinical indicators, postoperative sequential treatment, and follow-up were compared between the two groups of patients. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare survival between the groups, and prognostic factors were evaluated by a Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

The two groups showed no significant difference in age, gender, preoperative A-fetoprotein (AFP) values, preoperative Child-Pugh score, hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA levels, duration of surgery, hepatectomy technique, albumin values 1-week postoperative, postoperative complications, duration of postoperative hospital stay, cirrhosis, tumor size, tumor differentiation, tumor encapsulation, satellite nodules, or microvascular infiltration. Cox regression analysis revealed that tumor size, satellite nodules, and microvascular infiltration were significantly independent prognostic factors (P = 0.001, 0.002, and 0.001). Of the 117 patients, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 64.5, 50.0, and 41.9 %, respectively, for group B (62 patients) and 45.5, 36.4, and 30.9 %, respectively, for group A (55 patients). Although improving trends of disease-free survival were observed in the adjuvant TACE group, there was a significant difference in postoperative 1-year survival between the two groups (P = 0.04) but no significant difference in postoperative 2- and 3-year survival. In patients with tumor size >5 cm, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 41.7, 25.0, and 12.5 %, respectively, for group B and 11.8, 0, and 0 %, respectively, for group A. There was a significant difference in postoperative 1- and 2-year survival between the two groups (P = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively) but no significant difference in postoperative 3-year survival. In patients with microvascular infiltration, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 42.3, 26.9, and 15.4 %, respectively, for group B and 12.5, 4.2, and 0 %, respectively, for group A. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.02, 0.03, and 0.045, respectively). In patients with satellite nodules, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 50.0, 50, and 40 %, respectively, for group B and 17.6, 0, and 0 %, respectively, for group A. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.04, 0.01, and 0.03, respectively). In patients with tumor size ≤5 cm, without satellite nodules, or without microvascular infiltration, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the 1-, 2-, or 3-year disease-free survival rates. Of 117 patients overall, 18 (15.4 %) developed hepatitis B virus reactivation: 2 (3.6 %) patients in group A and 16 (25.8 %) patients in group B. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.000). Of these patients, one (1.8 %) patient in group A and five (8.1 %) patients in group B developed hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus reactivation. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.000).

Conclusions

Postoperative adjuvant TACE can improve the 1-year disease-free survival rate of HCC patients. Postoperative adjuvant TACE may improve 2- and 3-year disease-free survival rates, but no statistical significance was found. For patients with tumor size >5 cm, postoperative adjuvant TACE can improve 1- and 2-year disease-free survival rates, and postoperative adjuvant TACE may improve the 3-year disease-free survival rate. For HCC patients with tumor size ≤5 cm, postoperative adjuvant TACE may improve the 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-free survival rates, but no statistical significance was found. For patients with microvascular infiltration or satellite nodules, postoperative adjuvant TACE can improve the 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-free survival rates. For patients without microvascular infiltration or without satellite nodules, postoperative adjuvant TACE cannot improve 1-, 2-, or 3-year disease-free survival rates. For patients with tumor size >5 cm with microvascular infiltration or with satellite nodules, postoperative adjuvant TACE was suggested. Hepatitis B virus reactivation can occur in patients with postoperative adjuvant TACE; thus, antiviral treatment was suggested for these patients.



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Fully automatic reconstruction of personalized 3D volumes of the proximal femur from 2D X-ray images

Abstract

Purpose

Accurate preoperative planning is crucial for the outcome of total hip arthroplasty. Recently, 2D pelvic X-ray radiographs have been replaced by 3D CT. However, CT suffers from relatively high radiation dosage and cost. An alternative is to reconstruct a 3D patient-specific volume data from 2D X-ray images.

Methods

In this paper, based on a fully automatic image segmentation algorithm, we propose a new control point-based 2D–3D registration approach for a deformable registration of a 3D volumetric template to a limited number of 2D calibrated X-ray images and show its application to personalized reconstruction of 3D volumes of the proximal femur. The 2D–3D registration is done with a hierarchical two-stage strategy: the scaled-rigid 2D–3D registration stage followed by a regularized deformable B-spline 2D–3D registration stage. In both stages, a set of control points with uniform spacing are placed over the domain of the 3D volumetric template first. The registration is then driven by computing updated positions of these control points with intensity-based 2D–2D image registrations of the input X-ray images with the associated digitally reconstructed radiographs, which allows computing the associated registration transformation at each stage.

Results

Evaluated on datasets of 44 patients, our method achieved an overall surface reconstruction accuracy of \(0.9 \pm 0.2\,\hbox {mm}\) and an average Dice coefficient of \(94.4 \pm 1.1\,\%\) . We further investigated the cortical bone region reconstruction accuracy, which is important for planning cementless total hip arthroplasty. An average cortical bone region Dice coefficient of \(85.1 \pm 2.9\,\%\) and an inner cortical bone surface reconstruction accuracy of \(0.7 \pm 0.2\,\hbox {mm}\) were found.

Conclusions

In summary, we developed a new approach for reconstruction of 3D personalized volumes of the proximal femur from 2D X-ray images. Comprehensive experiments demonstrated the efficacy of the present approach.



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Real-time 6DoF pose recovery from X-ray images using library-based DRR and hybrid optimization

Abstract

Purpose

Real-time 6 degrees of freedom (6DoF) pose recovery and tracking from X-ray images is a key enabling technology for many interventional imaging applications. However, real-time 2D/3D registration is a very challenging problem because of the heavy computation in iterative digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) generation. In this paper, we propose a real-time 2D/3D registration framework using library-based DRRs to achieve high computational efficiency.

Method

The proposed method pre-computes a library of canonical DRRs and reconstructs library-based DRRs (libDRRs) during registration without online rendering. The transformation parameters are decoupled to 2 geometry-relevant and 4 geometry-irrelevant ones so that canonical DRRs only need to cover the variation of 2 geometry-relevant parameters, making it practical to be pre-computed and stored. The 2D/3D registration using libDRRs is then solved as a hybrid optimization problem, i.e., continuous in geometry-irrelevant parameters while discrete in geometry-relevant parameters.

Results

On 5 fluoroscopic sequences with 246 frames acquired during animal studies with a transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe in the field of view, 6DoF tracking of the TEE probe using the proposed method achieved a mean target registration error in the projection direction (mTREproj) of 0.81 mm, a success rate of 100 % (defined as mTREproj \(<\) 2.5 mm), and a registration frame rate of 23.1 fps on a pure CPU-based implementation executed in a single thread.

Conclusion

Using libDRRs with a hybrid optimization can significantly improve the computational efficiency (up to tenfold) for 6DoF pose recovery and tracking with little degradation in robustness and accuracy, compared to conventional intensity-based 2D/3D registration using ray casting DRRs with a continuous optimization.



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Interval type 2 fuzzy localization for wireless sensor networks

Indoor localization in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is a challenging process. This paper proposes a new approach to solve the localization problematic. A fuzzy linguistic localization scheme is proposed. Bas...

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Conjugate root offset-QAM for orthogonal multicarrier transmission

Current implementations of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)/offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM) are restricted to band-limited symmetric filters. To circumvent this, non-symmetric co...

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The Influence of Efficacy Beliefs on Teacher Performance and Student Success: Implications for Student Support Services

Abstract

The influence of teachers' efficacy beliefs on student achievement is well documented in educational literature. Efficacy beliefs are derived from sources of information teachers obtain from professional experiences. This article provides student support services personnel with an overview of efficacy beliefs and their impact on teachers' thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. A cognitive behavioral framework, rational emotive behavior therapy, is used to conceptualize ways efficacy beliefs may hinder teacher performance and student success. Implications for student support services and research are provided.



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Fungi on stems and twigs in initial and advanced stages of dieback of European ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ) in Poland

Abstract

F. excelsior is affected by dieback in the major part of its natural geographical range in Europe, which results in economic and ecological losses. The disease is caused by the ascomycetous fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, a pathogen introduced to Europe most probably from East Asia. This paper presents data on fungi identified on F. excelsior trees representing two different stages of ash dieback in Poland. Fungal communities were identified in initial necrotic lesions on living stems and twigs using the classical method of isolation on malt extract agar and morphological and molecular analyses. In dead apical parts of stems and twigs, fungi were identified by microscopic analyses of fruit bodies formed in situ. Seventy-one fungal taxa were found in 720 samples with symptoms of initial or advanced necrosis. The most common fungus detected in initial necrotic lesions in each forest site was Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (59.2 % of analysed samples). Other frequently isolated fungi included Alternaria alternata, Diaporthe eres, Diplodia mutila, Fusarium avenaceum, F. lateritium and Phomopsis spp. Fruit bodies on dead apical parts of stems and twigs were produced mostly by Diaporthe eres, Diplodia mutila, Lophiostoma corticola, Phomopsis spp., Sirodothis sp. and Valsa cypri. Fungal communities from different sites were similar, as shown by high Sørensen similarity index values. Greatest variation in fungal community structure at the initial necrotic stage was realized by D. mutila and F. avenaceum, and at the advanced necrotic stage by D. eres, D. mutila and Phomopsis spp. Data show a close affinity of certain fungi to site, suggesting geographical relatedness. The ecological effects of distribution of the invasive H. fraxineus and of other fungi sporulating on diseased ash trees in Europe are discussed.



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Erratum to: Chivalry’s Double-edged Sword: How Girls’ and Boys’ Paternalistic Attitudes Relate to Their Possible Family and Work Selves



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Patterns and drivers of ice storm damage in temperate forests of Central Europe

Abstract

Ice storms are important natural disturbances in temperate forests, yet have received little attention outside North America. Following an extreme ice storm in Slovenia, we examined patterns of ice damage within and among temperate forest sites and quantified differences in susceptibility to damage with respect to tree species and size across a gradient of storm intensity and site conditions. Based on a damage survey of 60 plots distributed across six unmanaged forest sites, ordinal logistic regression was used to examine patterns of ice damage as a function of storm intensity, species, tree size, and slope steepness. Our findings indicate that a complex interaction among these drivers gave rise to substantial variation in damage type and severity among species, plots, and stands. Fagus sylvatica, the most dominant species, was one of the most susceptible species to severe ice damage, while conifers (Abies alba and Picea abies) were least susceptible. Crown damage was the most common damage type at low storm intensity, while uprooting increased at higher intensity, particularly for large trees on steep slopes. Differences in species susceptibility to ice damage, combined with variation in storm intensity and site conditions, gave rise to heterogeneous damage patterns that have the potential to alter successional pathways. Based on an analysis of historical records, moderate-to-severe ice storms recur relatively frequently in the region, suggesting that they play a more important role in forest dynamics than previously thought.



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How Public Displays of Heterosexual Identity Reflect and Reinforce Gender Stereotypes, Gender Differences, and Gender Inequality

Abstract

Heterosexual marking occurs when people behave in ways that are interpreted by others as evidence of heterosexuality. In an exploratory comprehensive study of this phenomenon, we conducted 12 focus groups with 57 individuals: four groups composed of heterosexual women, four composed of heterosexual men, and four composed of mixed-gender sexual minorities. In this article, we present our findings on participant conceptions of heterosexual marking that are related to gender stereotypes, gender differences, and gender inequality. Much of the heterosexual marking described by our participants reflects and reinforces stereotypes that equate gender conformity and heterosexuality. Our data suggest that heterosexual marking by men/boys and women/girls differs in several ways, including gender conformity, sexual prejudice, extent of marking, and types of marking. Furthermore, some aspects and types of heterosexual marking described by our participants reflect and reinforce gender inequality. As a result, our discussion notes some problematic implications of the heterosexual marking we describe, including rendering gender non-conformity among heterosexuals invisible and unacceptable, supporting discrimination against gender non-conformity, and more directly reinforcing gender inequality.



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Caught in a Bad Romance? The Negative Effect of Normative Dating and Marital Ideologies on Women’s Bodies

Abstract

A growing body of recent research has linked romantic relationships, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating. Exploring these linkages in the present study by using a broader framing than in previous research, we investigated the influence of normative romantic ideologies on college women's bodies. Drawing on post-structural feminism, we examined effects of gendered dating and marital scripts and "singlism" (investing in romance as a primary life goal) on investment in thinness/appearance and disordered eating among 496 undergraduate women attending a large U.S. Southwestern university. We predicted that higher endorsement of romantic relationship ideologies will directly predict higher disordered eating as well as directly predict higher investment in thinness/appearance. We also predicted that investment in thinness/appearance will directly predict disordered eating. Using Structural Equation Modeling, our findings indicated that higher endorsement of normative romantic ideologies was associated with higher preoccupation with thinness/appearance and preoccupation with thinness was linked to higher disordered eating. Normative romantic ideologies were not directly related to disordered eating. Our findings indicate that underlying ideologies about normative romance are likely contributing to a desire to be thin/look attractive which, in turn, puts women at risk for disordered eating. We call attention to problematic normative heterosexual romantic ideologies and post-feminist sensibilities circulating within contemporary contexts.



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Histone H3 genotyping refines clinico-radiological diagnostic and prognostic criteria in DIPG



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Quantitative analysis of orthopedic metal artefact reduction in 64-slice computed tomography scans in large head metal-on-metal total hip replacement, a phantom study

Quantification of the effect of O-MAR on decreasing metal artefacts caused by large head metal on metal total hip arthroplasty (MoM THA) in a dedicated phantom setup of the hip.

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Hybrid regularizers-based adaptive anisotropic diffusion for image denoising

To eliminate the staircasing effect for total variation filter and synchronously avoid the edges blurring for fourth-order PDE filter, a hybrid regularizers-based adaptive anisotropic diffusion is proposed for...

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Brain imaging of neurovascular dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract

Neurovascular dysfunction, including blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and cerebral blood flow (CBF) dysregulation and reduction, are increasingly recognized to contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The spatial and temporal relationships between different pathophysiological events during preclinical stages of AD, including cerebrovascular dysfunction and pathology, amyloid and tau pathology, and brain structural and functional changes remain, however, still unclear. Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques, i.e., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), offer new possibilities to understand how the human brain works in health and disease. This includes methods to detect subtle regional changes in the cerebrovascular system integrity. Here, we focus on the neurovascular imaging techniques to evaluate regional BBB permeability (dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI), regional CBF changes (arterial spin labeling- and functional-MRI), vascular pathology (structural MRI), and cerebral metabolism (PET) in the living human brain, and examine how they can inform about neurovascular dysfunction and vascular pathophysiology in dementia and AD. Altogether, these neuroimaging approaches will continue to elucidate the spatio-temporal progression of vascular and neurodegenerative processes in dementia and AD and how they relate to each other.



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A catalog of automated analysis methods for enterprise models

Enterprise models are created for documenting and communicating the structure and state of Business and Information Technologies elements of an enterprise. After models are completed, they are mainly used to s...

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Prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis and associated risk factors among prisoners in Hadiya Zone prison, Southern Ethiopia

People concentrated in congregated systems such as prisons, are important but often neglected reservoirs for tuberculosis transmission, and threaten those in the outside community. The condition is more seriou...

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Rhabdomyosarcoma masquerading as lymphadenopathy in a patient with newly diagnosed Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Abstract

Background

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a rare malignancy which often presents with lymphadenopathy and classic "B symptoms" of weight loss, fever, and night sweats. Additional masses or nodes could easily be presumed to be a result of the initial diagnosis. On the other hand, adult rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare malignancy presenting with a new mass in a patient with previous diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma. In both cases, a tissue diagnosis should be obtained to appropriately confirm the diagnosis.

Case presentation

We present a case of a 64-year-old male who presents with right axillary lymphadenopathy, diagnosed as Hodgkin's lymphoma. He subsequently developed left inguinal lymphadenopathy without the classic B symptoms of HL. Excisional biopsy revealed rhabdomyosarcoma. Stage III Hodgkin's lymphoma (lymph node involvement on both sides of the diaphragm) is not commonly seen without typical B symptoms. Once the diagnosis of two primary malignancies is made, the dilemma becomes determining the treatment course. In the case of Hodgkin's lymphoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, there is some overlap in the chemotherapeutic regimen and use of radiation.

Conclusions

This case illustrates the importance of careful examination of Hodgkin's lymphoma patients and consideration of additional tissue diagnoses in atypical presentations of new masses or lymphadenopathy on the opposite side of the diaphragm.



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Porta hepatic schwannoma: case report and a 30-year review of the literature yielding 15 cases

Abstract

Background

Schwannomas located in the periportal region are extremely rare. Only 14 cases have been reported in the medical literature worldwide. Cases of porta hepatic schwannomas reported in the literature worldwide were reviewed. As a result, it is very challenging for surgeons to make a preoperative diagnosis due to its rarity and nonspecific imaging manifestations.

Case Presentation

A 57-year-old Chinese female was admitted to our institution with complaint of upper abdominal distension and the abdominal CT in the local hospital revealed a hypodense mass in the porta hepatis. A fine needle aspiration (FNA) was made to confirm the diagnosis, but the result was just suggestive of spindle cell neoplasia. Eventually, the patient underwent surgery and postoperative pathology confirmed schwannoma in porta hepatis. The patient recovered uneventfully with no evidence of recurrence after a follow-up period of 41 months.

Conclusions

It is essential for the final diagnosis of porta hepatic schwannomas to combine histological examination with immunohistochemistry after surgery. The main treatment of porta hepatic schwannomas is complete excision with free margins and no lymph node dissection. In some cases, biliary reconstruction or the proper hepatic and the gastroduodenal artery resection was performed because the tumor was inseparably attached to the extrahepatic bile duct or the proper hepatic and the gastroduodenal artery. Malignant transformation of schwannomas is very rare and the overall prognosis is satisfactory.



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The association between the duration of fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy and survival in stage II or III gastric cancer

Abstract

Background

This study was conducted to propose the optimal duration of fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of fluoropyrimidine derivatives alone or combined with intravenous platinum for stage II or III gastric cancer (GC).

Methods

We analyzed retrospectively the data from 2219 patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma in the stomach, who underwent a curative gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy from 2005 to 2012. Five-year overall survival (OS) and 3-year relapse-free survival (RFS) were analyzed according to the duration of fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

Results

Data from 617 patients with stage II or III GC were analyzable; 187 patients (30.3 %) were treated with surgery alone, while 430 patients (69.7 %) were treated with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The duration of adjuvant chemotherapy was less than 6 months [group 1] in 147 patients (34.2 %), 6 months to less than 12 months [group 2] in 94 patients (21.9 %), 1 year to less than 2 years [group 3] in 139 patients (32.3 %), and over 2 years [group 4] in 50 patients (11.6 %). The 5-year OS in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 75.7, 87, 90.3, and 93.4 %, respectively, while 3-year RFS was 52.5, 58.8, 81.4, and 94.0 %, respectively.

Conclusions

In this retrospective study, we did not demonstrate any significant improvement in OS and RFS by longer periods of fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II or III GCs. Further prospective randomized studies are needed.



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Clinical efficacy of postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization on hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

Data from 117 patients with HCC who underwent hepatectomy between December 2010 and February 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. In total, 55 patients underwent surgical resection only (group A), and 62 patients underwent surgical resection with adjuvant TACE (group B). The perioperative clinical indicators, postoperative sequential treatment, and follow-up were compared between the two groups of patients. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare survival between the groups, and prognostic factors were evaluated by a Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

The two groups showed no significant difference in age, gender, preoperative A-fetoprotein (AFP) values, preoperative Child-Pugh score, hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA levels, duration of surgery, hepatectomy technique, albumin values 1-week postoperative, postoperative complications, duration of postoperative hospital stay, cirrhosis, tumor size, tumor differentiation, tumor encapsulation, satellite nodules, or microvascular infiltration. Cox regression analysis revealed that tumor size, satellite nodules, and microvascular infiltration were significantly independent prognostic factors (P = 0.001, 0.002, and 0.001). Of the 117 patients, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 64.5, 50.0, and 41.9 %, respectively, for group B (62 patients) and 45.5, 36.4, and 30.9 %, respectively, for group A (55 patients). Although improving trends of disease-free survival were observed in the adjuvant TACE group, there was a significant difference in postoperative 1-year survival between the two groups (P = 0.04) but no significant difference in postoperative 2- and 3-year survival. In patients with tumor size >5 cm, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 41.7, 25.0, and 12.5 %, respectively, for group B and 11.8, 0, and 0 %, respectively, for group A. There was a significant difference in postoperative 1- and 2-year survival between the two groups (P = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively) but no significant difference in postoperative 3-year survival. In patients with microvascular infiltration, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 42.3, 26.9, and 15.4 %, respectively, for group B and 12.5, 4.2, and 0 %, respectively, for group A. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.02, 0.03, and 0.045, respectively). In patients with satellite nodules, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 50.0, 50, and 40 %, respectively, for group B and 17.6, 0, and 0 %, respectively, for group A. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.04, 0.01, and 0.03, respectively). In patients with tumor size ≤5 cm, without satellite nodules, or without microvascular infiltration, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the 1-, 2-, or 3-year disease-free survival rates. Of 117 patients overall, 18 (15.4 %) developed hepatitis B virus reactivation: 2 (3.6 %) patients in group A and 16 (25.8 %) patients in group B. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.000). Of these patients, one (1.8 %) patient in group A and five (8.1 %) patients in group B developed hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus reactivation. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.000).

Conclusions

Postoperative adjuvant TACE can improve the 1-year disease-free survival rate of HCC patients. Postoperative adjuvant TACE may improve 2- and 3-year disease-free survival rates, but no statistical significance was found. For patients with tumor size >5 cm, postoperative adjuvant TACE can improve 1- and 2-year disease-free survival rates, and postoperative adjuvant TACE may improve the 3-year disease-free survival rate. For HCC patients with tumor size ≤5 cm, postoperative adjuvant TACE may improve the 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-free survival rates, but no statistical significance was found. For patients with microvascular infiltration or satellite nodules, postoperative adjuvant TACE can improve the 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-free survival rates. For patients without microvascular infiltration or without satellite nodules, postoperative adjuvant TACE cannot improve 1-, 2-, or 3-year disease-free survival rates. For patients with tumor size >5 cm with microvascular infiltration or with satellite nodules, postoperative adjuvant TACE was suggested. Hepatitis B virus reactivation can occur in patients with postoperative adjuvant TACE; thus, antiviral treatment was suggested for these patients.



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Fully automatic reconstruction of personalized 3D volumes of the proximal femur from 2D X-ray images

Abstract

Purpose

Accurate preoperative planning is crucial for the outcome of total hip arthroplasty. Recently, 2D pelvic X-ray radiographs have been replaced by 3D CT. However, CT suffers from relatively high radiation dosage and cost. An alternative is to reconstruct a 3D patient-specific volume data from 2D X-ray images.

Methods

In this paper, based on a fully automatic image segmentation algorithm, we propose a new control point-based 2D–3D registration approach for a deformable registration of a 3D volumetric template to a limited number of 2D calibrated X-ray images and show its application to personalized reconstruction of 3D volumes of the proximal femur. The 2D–3D registration is done with a hierarchical two-stage strategy: the scaled-rigid 2D–3D registration stage followed by a regularized deformable B-spline 2D–3D registration stage. In both stages, a set of control points with uniform spacing are placed over the domain of the 3D volumetric template first. The registration is then driven by computing updated positions of these control points with intensity-based 2D–2D image registrations of the input X-ray images with the associated digitally reconstructed radiographs, which allows computing the associated registration transformation at each stage.

Results

Evaluated on datasets of 44 patients, our method achieved an overall surface reconstruction accuracy of \(0.9 \pm 0.2\,\hbox {mm}\) and an average Dice coefficient of \(94.4 \pm 1.1\,\%\) . We further investigated the cortical bone region reconstruction accuracy, which is important for planning cementless total hip arthroplasty. An average cortical bone region Dice coefficient of \(85.1 \pm 2.9\,\%\) and an inner cortical bone surface reconstruction accuracy of \(0.7 \pm 0.2\,\hbox {mm}\) were found.

Conclusions

In summary, we developed a new approach for reconstruction of 3D personalized volumes of the proximal femur from 2D X-ray images. Comprehensive experiments demonstrated the efficacy of the present approach.



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Real-time 6DoF pose recovery from X-ray images using library-based DRR and hybrid optimization

Abstract

Purpose

Real-time 6 degrees of freedom (6DoF) pose recovery and tracking from X-ray images is a key enabling technology for many interventional imaging applications. However, real-time 2D/3D registration is a very challenging problem because of the heavy computation in iterative digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) generation. In this paper, we propose a real-time 2D/3D registration framework using library-based DRRs to achieve high computational efficiency.

Method

The proposed method pre-computes a library of canonical DRRs and reconstructs library-based DRRs (libDRRs) during registration without online rendering. The transformation parameters are decoupled to 2 geometry-relevant and 4 geometry-irrelevant ones so that canonical DRRs only need to cover the variation of 2 geometry-relevant parameters, making it practical to be pre-computed and stored. The 2D/3D registration using libDRRs is then solved as a hybrid optimization problem, i.e., continuous in geometry-irrelevant parameters while discrete in geometry-relevant parameters.

Results

On 5 fluoroscopic sequences with 246 frames acquired during animal studies with a transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe in the field of view, 6DoF tracking of the TEE probe using the proposed method achieved a mean target registration error in the projection direction (mTREproj) of 0.81 mm, a success rate of 100 % (defined as mTREproj \(<\) 2.5 mm), and a registration frame rate of 23.1 fps on a pure CPU-based implementation executed in a single thread.

Conclusion

Using libDRRs with a hybrid optimization can significantly improve the computational efficiency (up to tenfold) for 6DoF pose recovery and tracking with little degradation in robustness and accuracy, compared to conventional intensity-based 2D/3D registration using ray casting DRRs with a continuous optimization.



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Interval type 2 fuzzy localization for wireless sensor networks

Indoor localization in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is a challenging process. This paper proposes a new approach to solve the localization problematic. A fuzzy linguistic localization scheme is proposed. Bas...

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Conjugate root offset-QAM for orthogonal multicarrier transmission

Current implementations of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)/offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM) are restricted to band-limited symmetric filters. To circumvent this, non-symmetric co...

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The Influence of Efficacy Beliefs on Teacher Performance and Student Success: Implications for Student Support Services

Abstract

The influence of teachers' efficacy beliefs on student achievement is well documented in educational literature. Efficacy beliefs are derived from sources of information teachers obtain from professional experiences. This article provides student support services personnel with an overview of efficacy beliefs and their impact on teachers' thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. A cognitive behavioral framework, rational emotive behavior therapy, is used to conceptualize ways efficacy beliefs may hinder teacher performance and student success. Implications for student support services and research are provided.



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Fungi on stems and twigs in initial and advanced stages of dieback of European ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ) in Poland

Abstract

F. excelsior is affected by dieback in the major part of its natural geographical range in Europe, which results in economic and ecological losses. The disease is caused by the ascomycetous fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, a pathogen introduced to Europe most probably from East Asia. This paper presents data on fungi identified on F. excelsior trees representing two different stages of ash dieback in Poland. Fungal communities were identified in initial necrotic lesions on living stems and twigs using the classical method of isolation on malt extract agar and morphological and molecular analyses. In dead apical parts of stems and twigs, fungi were identified by microscopic analyses of fruit bodies formed in situ. Seventy-one fungal taxa were found in 720 samples with symptoms of initial or advanced necrosis. The most common fungus detected in initial necrotic lesions in each forest site was Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (59.2 % of analysed samples). Other frequently isolated fungi included Alternaria alternata, Diaporthe eres, Diplodia mutila, Fusarium avenaceum, F. lateritium and Phomopsis spp. Fruit bodies on dead apical parts of stems and twigs were produced mostly by Diaporthe eres, Diplodia mutila, Lophiostoma corticola, Phomopsis spp., Sirodothis sp. and Valsa cypri. Fungal communities from different sites were similar, as shown by high Sørensen similarity index values. Greatest variation in fungal community structure at the initial necrotic stage was realized by D. mutila and F. avenaceum, and at the advanced necrotic stage by D. eres, D. mutila and Phomopsis spp. Data show a close affinity of certain fungi to site, suggesting geographical relatedness. The ecological effects of distribution of the invasive H. fraxineus and of other fungi sporulating on diseased ash trees in Europe are discussed.



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Erratum to: Chivalry’s Double-edged Sword: How Girls’ and Boys’ Paternalistic Attitudes Relate to Their Possible Family and Work Selves



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Patterns and drivers of ice storm damage in temperate forests of Central Europe

Abstract

Ice storms are important natural disturbances in temperate forests, yet have received little attention outside North America. Following an extreme ice storm in Slovenia, we examined patterns of ice damage within and among temperate forest sites and quantified differences in susceptibility to damage with respect to tree species and size across a gradient of storm intensity and site conditions. Based on a damage survey of 60 plots distributed across six unmanaged forest sites, ordinal logistic regression was used to examine patterns of ice damage as a function of storm intensity, species, tree size, and slope steepness. Our findings indicate that a complex interaction among these drivers gave rise to substantial variation in damage type and severity among species, plots, and stands. Fagus sylvatica, the most dominant species, was one of the most susceptible species to severe ice damage, while conifers (Abies alba and Picea abies) were least susceptible. Crown damage was the most common damage type at low storm intensity, while uprooting increased at higher intensity, particularly for large trees on steep slopes. Differences in species susceptibility to ice damage, combined with variation in storm intensity and site conditions, gave rise to heterogeneous damage patterns that have the potential to alter successional pathways. Based on an analysis of historical records, moderate-to-severe ice storms recur relatively frequently in the region, suggesting that they play a more important role in forest dynamics than previously thought.



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How Public Displays of Heterosexual Identity Reflect and Reinforce Gender Stereotypes, Gender Differences, and Gender Inequality

Abstract

Heterosexual marking occurs when people behave in ways that are interpreted by others as evidence of heterosexuality. In an exploratory comprehensive study of this phenomenon, we conducted 12 focus groups with 57 individuals: four groups composed of heterosexual women, four composed of heterosexual men, and four composed of mixed-gender sexual minorities. In this article, we present our findings on participant conceptions of heterosexual marking that are related to gender stereotypes, gender differences, and gender inequality. Much of the heterosexual marking described by our participants reflects and reinforces stereotypes that equate gender conformity and heterosexuality. Our data suggest that heterosexual marking by men/boys and women/girls differs in several ways, including gender conformity, sexual prejudice, extent of marking, and types of marking. Furthermore, some aspects and types of heterosexual marking described by our participants reflect and reinforce gender inequality. As a result, our discussion notes some problematic implications of the heterosexual marking we describe, including rendering gender non-conformity among heterosexuals invisible and unacceptable, supporting discrimination against gender non-conformity, and more directly reinforcing gender inequality.



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Caught in a Bad Romance? The Negative Effect of Normative Dating and Marital Ideologies on Women’s Bodies

Abstract

A growing body of recent research has linked romantic relationships, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating. Exploring these linkages in the present study by using a broader framing than in previous research, we investigated the influence of normative romantic ideologies on college women's bodies. Drawing on post-structural feminism, we examined effects of gendered dating and marital scripts and "singlism" (investing in romance as a primary life goal) on investment in thinness/appearance and disordered eating among 496 undergraduate women attending a large U.S. Southwestern university. We predicted that higher endorsement of romantic relationship ideologies will directly predict higher disordered eating as well as directly predict higher investment in thinness/appearance. We also predicted that investment in thinness/appearance will directly predict disordered eating. Using Structural Equation Modeling, our findings indicated that higher endorsement of normative romantic ideologies was associated with higher preoccupation with thinness/appearance and preoccupation with thinness was linked to higher disordered eating. Normative romantic ideologies were not directly related to disordered eating. Our findings indicate that underlying ideologies about normative romance are likely contributing to a desire to be thin/look attractive which, in turn, puts women at risk for disordered eating. We call attention to problematic normative heterosexual romantic ideologies and post-feminist sensibilities circulating within contemporary contexts.



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Histone H3 genotyping refines clinico-radiological diagnostic and prognostic criteria in DIPG



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Quantitative analysis of orthopedic metal artefact reduction in 64-slice computed tomography scans in large head metal-on-metal total hip replacement, a phantom study

Quantification of the effect of O-MAR on decreasing metal artefacts caused by large head metal on metal total hip arthroplasty (MoM THA) in a dedicated phantom setup of the hip.

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Hybrid regularizers-based adaptive anisotropic diffusion for image denoising

To eliminate the staircasing effect for total variation filter and synchronously avoid the edges blurring for fourth-order PDE filter, a hybrid regularizers-based adaptive anisotropic diffusion is proposed for...

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Brain imaging of neurovascular dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract

Neurovascular dysfunction, including blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and cerebral blood flow (CBF) dysregulation and reduction, are increasingly recognized to contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The spatial and temporal relationships between different pathophysiological events during preclinical stages of AD, including cerebrovascular dysfunction and pathology, amyloid and tau pathology, and brain structural and functional changes remain, however, still unclear. Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques, i.e., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), offer new possibilities to understand how the human brain works in health and disease. This includes methods to detect subtle regional changes in the cerebrovascular system integrity. Here, we focus on the neurovascular imaging techniques to evaluate regional BBB permeability (dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI), regional CBF changes (arterial spin labeling- and functional-MRI), vascular pathology (structural MRI), and cerebral metabolism (PET) in the living human brain, and examine how they can inform about neurovascular dysfunction and vascular pathophysiology in dementia and AD. Altogether, these neuroimaging approaches will continue to elucidate the spatio-temporal progression of vascular and neurodegenerative processes in dementia and AD and how they relate to each other.



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A catalog of automated analysis methods for enterprise models

Enterprise models are created for documenting and communicating the structure and state of Business and Information Technologies elements of an enterprise. After models are completed, they are mainly used to s...

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Prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis and associated risk factors among prisoners in Hadiya Zone prison, Southern Ethiopia

People concentrated in congregated systems such as prisons, are important but often neglected reservoirs for tuberculosis transmission, and threaten those in the outside community. The condition is more seriou...

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Rhabdomyosarcoma masquerading as lymphadenopathy in a patient with newly diagnosed Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Abstract

Background

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a rare malignancy which often presents with lymphadenopathy and classic "B symptoms" of weight loss, fever, and night sweats. Additional masses or nodes could easily be presumed to be a result of the initial diagnosis. On the other hand, adult rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare malignancy presenting with a new mass in a patient with previous diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma. In both cases, a tissue diagnosis should be obtained to appropriately confirm the diagnosis.

Case presentation

We present a case of a 64-year-old male who presents with right axillary lymphadenopathy, diagnosed as Hodgkin's lymphoma. He subsequently developed left inguinal lymphadenopathy without the classic B symptoms of HL. Excisional biopsy revealed rhabdomyosarcoma. Stage III Hodgkin's lymphoma (lymph node involvement on both sides of the diaphragm) is not commonly seen without typical B symptoms. Once the diagnosis of two primary malignancies is made, the dilemma becomes determining the treatment course. In the case of Hodgkin's lymphoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, there is some overlap in the chemotherapeutic regimen and use of radiation.

Conclusions

This case illustrates the importance of careful examination of Hodgkin's lymphoma patients and consideration of additional tissue diagnoses in atypical presentations of new masses or lymphadenopathy on the opposite side of the diaphragm.



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Porta hepatic schwannoma: case report and a 30-year review of the literature yielding 15 cases

Abstract

Background

Schwannomas located in the periportal region are extremely rare. Only 14 cases have been reported in the medical literature worldwide. Cases of porta hepatic schwannomas reported in the literature worldwide were reviewed. As a result, it is very challenging for surgeons to make a preoperative diagnosis due to its rarity and nonspecific imaging manifestations.

Case Presentation

A 57-year-old Chinese female was admitted to our institution with complaint of upper abdominal distension and the abdominal CT in the local hospital revealed a hypodense mass in the porta hepatis. A fine needle aspiration (FNA) was made to confirm the diagnosis, but the result was just suggestive of spindle cell neoplasia. Eventually, the patient underwent surgery and postoperative pathology confirmed schwannoma in porta hepatis. The patient recovered uneventfully with no evidence of recurrence after a follow-up period of 41 months.

Conclusions

It is essential for the final diagnosis of porta hepatic schwannomas to combine histological examination with immunohistochemistry after surgery. The main treatment of porta hepatic schwannomas is complete excision with free margins and no lymph node dissection. In some cases, biliary reconstruction or the proper hepatic and the gastroduodenal artery resection was performed because the tumor was inseparably attached to the extrahepatic bile duct or the proper hepatic and the gastroduodenal artery. Malignant transformation of schwannomas is very rare and the overall prognosis is satisfactory.



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The association between the duration of fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy and survival in stage II or III gastric cancer

Abstract

Background

This study was conducted to propose the optimal duration of fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of fluoropyrimidine derivatives alone or combined with intravenous platinum for stage II or III gastric cancer (GC).

Methods

We analyzed retrospectively the data from 2219 patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma in the stomach, who underwent a curative gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy from 2005 to 2012. Five-year overall survival (OS) and 3-year relapse-free survival (RFS) were analyzed according to the duration of fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

Results

Data from 617 patients with stage II or III GC were analyzable; 187 patients (30.3 %) were treated with surgery alone, while 430 patients (69.7 %) were treated with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The duration of adjuvant chemotherapy was less than 6 months [group 1] in 147 patients (34.2 %), 6 months to less than 12 months [group 2] in 94 patients (21.9 %), 1 year to less than 2 years [group 3] in 139 patients (32.3 %), and over 2 years [group 4] in 50 patients (11.6 %). The 5-year OS in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 75.7, 87, 90.3, and 93.4 %, respectively, while 3-year RFS was 52.5, 58.8, 81.4, and 94.0 %, respectively.

Conclusions

In this retrospective study, we did not demonstrate any significant improvement in OS and RFS by longer periods of fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II or III GCs. Further prospective randomized studies are needed.



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Clinical efficacy of postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization on hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

Data from 117 patients with HCC who underwent hepatectomy between December 2010 and February 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. In total, 55 patients underwent surgical resection only (group A), and 62 patients underwent surgical resection with adjuvant TACE (group B). The perioperative clinical indicators, postoperative sequential treatment, and follow-up were compared between the two groups of patients. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare survival between the groups, and prognostic factors were evaluated by a Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

The two groups showed no significant difference in age, gender, preoperative A-fetoprotein (AFP) values, preoperative Child-Pugh score, hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA levels, duration of surgery, hepatectomy technique, albumin values 1-week postoperative, postoperative complications, duration of postoperative hospital stay, cirrhosis, tumor size, tumor differentiation, tumor encapsulation, satellite nodules, or microvascular infiltration. Cox regression analysis revealed that tumor size, satellite nodules, and microvascular infiltration were significantly independent prognostic factors (P = 0.001, 0.002, and 0.001). Of the 117 patients, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 64.5, 50.0, and 41.9 %, respectively, for group B (62 patients) and 45.5, 36.4, and 30.9 %, respectively, for group A (55 patients). Although improving trends of disease-free survival were observed in the adjuvant TACE group, there was a significant difference in postoperative 1-year survival between the two groups (P = 0.04) but no significant difference in postoperative 2- and 3-year survival. In patients with tumor size >5 cm, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 41.7, 25.0, and 12.5 %, respectively, for group B and 11.8, 0, and 0 %, respectively, for group A. There was a significant difference in postoperative 1- and 2-year survival between the two groups (P = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively) but no significant difference in postoperative 3-year survival. In patients with microvascular infiltration, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 42.3, 26.9, and 15.4 %, respectively, for group B and 12.5, 4.2, and 0 %, respectively, for group A. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.02, 0.03, and 0.045, respectively). In patients with satellite nodules, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 50.0, 50, and 40 %, respectively, for group B and 17.6, 0, and 0 %, respectively, for group A. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.04, 0.01, and 0.03, respectively). In patients with tumor size ≤5 cm, without satellite nodules, or without microvascular infiltration, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the 1-, 2-, or 3-year disease-free survival rates. Of 117 patients overall, 18 (15.4 %) developed hepatitis B virus reactivation: 2 (3.6 %) patients in group A and 16 (25.8 %) patients in group B. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.000). Of these patients, one (1.8 %) patient in group A and five (8.1 %) patients in group B developed hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus reactivation. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.000).

Conclusions

Postoperative adjuvant TACE can improve the 1-year disease-free survival rate of HCC patients. Postoperative adjuvant TACE may improve 2- and 3-year disease-free survival rates, but no statistical significance was found. For patients with tumor size >5 cm, postoperative adjuvant TACE can improve 1- and 2-year disease-free survival rates, and postoperative adjuvant TACE may improve the 3-year disease-free survival rate. For HCC patients with tumor size ≤5 cm, postoperative adjuvant TACE may improve the 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-free survival rates, but no statistical significance was found. For patients with microvascular infiltration or satellite nodules, postoperative adjuvant TACE can improve the 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-free survival rates. For patients without microvascular infiltration or without satellite nodules, postoperative adjuvant TACE cannot improve 1-, 2-, or 3-year disease-free survival rates. For patients with tumor size >5 cm with microvascular infiltration or with satellite nodules, postoperative adjuvant TACE was suggested. Hepatitis B virus reactivation can occur in patients with postoperative adjuvant TACE; thus, antiviral treatment was suggested for these patients.



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Fully automatic reconstruction of personalized 3D volumes of the proximal femur from 2D X-ray images

Abstract

Purpose

Accurate preoperative planning is crucial for the outcome of total hip arthroplasty. Recently, 2D pelvic X-ray radiographs have been replaced by 3D CT. However, CT suffers from relatively high radiation dosage and cost. An alternative is to reconstruct a 3D patient-specific volume data from 2D X-ray images.

Methods

In this paper, based on a fully automatic image segmentation algorithm, we propose a new control point-based 2D–3D registration approach for a deformable registration of a 3D volumetric template to a limited number of 2D calibrated X-ray images and show its application to personalized reconstruction of 3D volumes of the proximal femur. The 2D–3D registration is done with a hierarchical two-stage strategy: the scaled-rigid 2D–3D registration stage followed by a regularized deformable B-spline 2D–3D registration stage. In both stages, a set of control points with uniform spacing are placed over the domain of the 3D volumetric template first. The registration is then driven by computing updated positions of these control points with intensity-based 2D–2D image registrations of the input X-ray images with the associated digitally reconstructed radiographs, which allows computing the associated registration transformation at each stage.

Results

Evaluated on datasets of 44 patients, our method achieved an overall surface reconstruction accuracy of \(0.9 \pm 0.2\,\hbox {mm}\) and an average Dice coefficient of \(94.4 \pm 1.1\,\%\) . We further investigated the cortical bone region reconstruction accuracy, which is important for planning cementless total hip arthroplasty. An average cortical bone region Dice coefficient of \(85.1 \pm 2.9\,\%\) and an inner cortical bone surface reconstruction accuracy of \(0.7 \pm 0.2\,\hbox {mm}\) were found.

Conclusions

In summary, we developed a new approach for reconstruction of 3D personalized volumes of the proximal femur from 2D X-ray images. Comprehensive experiments demonstrated the efficacy of the present approach.



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Real-time 6DoF pose recovery from X-ray images using library-based DRR and hybrid optimization

Abstract

Purpose

Real-time 6 degrees of freedom (6DoF) pose recovery and tracking from X-ray images is a key enabling technology for many interventional imaging applications. However, real-time 2D/3D registration is a very challenging problem because of the heavy computation in iterative digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) generation. In this paper, we propose a real-time 2D/3D registration framework using library-based DRRs to achieve high computational efficiency.

Method

The proposed method pre-computes a library of canonical DRRs and reconstructs library-based DRRs (libDRRs) during registration without online rendering. The transformation parameters are decoupled to 2 geometry-relevant and 4 geometry-irrelevant ones so that canonical DRRs only need to cover the variation of 2 geometry-relevant parameters, making it practical to be pre-computed and stored. The 2D/3D registration using libDRRs is then solved as a hybrid optimization problem, i.e., continuous in geometry-irrelevant parameters while discrete in geometry-relevant parameters.

Results

On 5 fluoroscopic sequences with 246 frames acquired during animal studies with a transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe in the field of view, 6DoF tracking of the TEE probe using the proposed method achieved a mean target registration error in the projection direction (mTREproj) of 0.81 mm, a success rate of 100 % (defined as mTREproj \(<\) 2.5 mm), and a registration frame rate of 23.1 fps on a pure CPU-based implementation executed in a single thread.

Conclusion

Using libDRRs with a hybrid optimization can significantly improve the computational efficiency (up to tenfold) for 6DoF pose recovery and tracking with little degradation in robustness and accuracy, compared to conventional intensity-based 2D/3D registration using ray casting DRRs with a continuous optimization.



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Interval type 2 fuzzy localization for wireless sensor networks

Indoor localization in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is a challenging process. This paper proposes a new approach to solve the localization problematic. A fuzzy linguistic localization scheme is proposed. Bas...

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Conjugate root offset-QAM for orthogonal multicarrier transmission

Current implementations of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)/offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM) are restricted to band-limited symmetric filters. To circumvent this, non-symmetric co...

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