Marine steroid derived from Acropora formosa enhances mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells

Abstract

p53 pathway has been revealed to mediate cellular stress responses and trigger DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. We isolated 2-ethoxycarbonyl-2-β-hydroxy-A-nor-cholest-5-ene-4one (ECHC) from butanol extracts of scleractinian coral Acropora formosa and reported its potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activity as well as less toxicity against zebrafish Danio rerio. In the present study, we intend to explore p53-mediated apoptosis pathway enhanced by ECHC in A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. This report shows that ECHC increases ROS generation and sensitizes mitochondrial membrane that leads to the release of cytochrome C (Cyto C) into cytosol. Further, ECHC decreases the expression of antiapoptotic genes such as TNF-α, IL-8, Bcl2, MMP2, and MMP9 which are actively involved in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis etc. It also increases the expression of apoptotic genes Cyto C, Bax, and p21, which are responsible for cell cycle arrest and cell death. The tumor suppressor p53 was also observed to be upregulated during ECHC treatment in untransformed cells and was more likely to result in cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. Finally, ECHC also down regulates the expression of caspase-9 and caspase-3 which are the death stage of intrinsic apoptosis. Our findings suggested that ECHC enhances ROS generation and mitochondrial sensitization determines the threshold for irreversible p53-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway.

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The effect of antisense inhibitor of miRNA 106b∼25 on the proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell

Abstract

Accumulating data has demonstrated that miRNA 106b∼25, which are composed of the highly conserved miRNA 106b, miRNA 93, and miRNA 25, play carcinogenic roles in cancers. We investigated the expression of miRNA 106b∼25 in gastric cancer cells (SGC 7901, MGC 803, BGC 823) and normal gastric epithelial cell then inhibited miRNA 106b∼25 expression via transiently transfecting their antisense inhibitor. After miRNA 106b∼25 cluster was inhibited, MTT, Scratch test, Transwell invasion test, and flow cytometry were applied to investigate the proliferation, invasion, migration, cell cycle, and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell. The expression of miRNA 106b, miRNA 93, and miRNA 25 in gastric cancer cells SGC 7901, MGC 803, and BGC 823 was significantly higher than in gastric epithelial cell GES-1. The most significant suppression of miRNA 106b∼25 expressions can be detected in MGC 803 cell after transiently transfecting their antisense inhibitors. So, MGC 803 cell was selected as our research object. After inhibiting miRNA 106b and miRNA 93 respectively and combined, the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cell MGC 803 were significantly suppressed. The most significant suppression was observed in combined inhibiting group. After miRNA 106b∼25 cluster was inhibited respectively or combined, more gastric cancer cells were arrested in the G0G1 phase. However, there was no statistical difference in comparing with control groups. While the percentages of apoptotic cells increased after miRNA 106b∼25 cluster was inhibited, the statistical difference was detected only in combined inhibiting group. Inhibiting miRNA 106b∼25 cluster via transfecting antisense inhibitor can influence biological behavior of gastric cancer cell.

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DNA methyltransferase 1, 3a, and 3b expression in hepatitis C associated human hepatocellular carcinoma and their clinicopathological association

Abstract

Identification of biomarker will obligate a substantial influence on various cancer management and treatment. We hypothesize that genetic/proteomic and epigenetic studies should be uncovering modifications which may be independently or jointly affect the expression of the genes that are involved in the progression of liver cancer (LC). For this purpose, we examined the effect of expressional changes of DNMTs on HCV infected LC of different genotypes. We found that both mRNA and protein expression levels of DNMT1, 3a, and 3b were upregulated in genotype 1b and 3a HCV infected patients as compared to control. However, DNMT3b mRNA levels did not change in genotypes 2a, 3, and 4, but were upregulated at the protein level by genotype 1b, 2a, and 3a. Furthermore, no significant changes were observed for DNMTs investigated in sample expressing the genotypes 5 and 6. Our findings suggest that HCV at least in part by altering DNMTs expression may play a significant role in HCC progression.

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Pitfalls of practicing cancer epidemiology in resource-limited settings: the case of survival and loss to follow-up after a diagnosis of Kaposi’s sarcoma in five countries across sub-Saharan Africa

Survival after diagnosis is a fundamental concern in cancer epidemiology. In resource-rich settings, ambient clinical databases, municipal data and cancer registries make survival estimation in real-world popu…

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Krüppel-like factor 2 promotes cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma through up-regulation of c-myc

Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2016, pages 20-26<br/>10.1080/15384047.2015.1108484<br/>Kailin Zou

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Ameliorative effects of Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu decoction, Tian-Ma-Gou-Teng-Yin and Wen-Dan decoction on myocardial fibrosis in a hypertensive rat mode

Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu decoction (XFZYD), Tian-Ma-Gou-Teng-Yin (TMGTY) and Wen-Dan decoction (WDD) are Chinese herbal formulas used to treat hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM…

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Emu oil offers protection in Crohn’s disease model in rats

Emu oil is a product of animal origin used for the treatment of inflammation, burns etc. as a part of aboriginal medicine in Australia. Crohn's disease is a common inflammatory manifestation in humans and othe…

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DNA methyltransferase 1, 3a, and 3b expression in hepatitis C associated human hepatocellular carcinoma and their clinicopathological association

Abstract

Identification of biomarker will obligate a substantial influence on various cancer management and treatment. We hypothesize that genetic/proteomic and epigenetic studies should be uncovering modifications which may be independently or jointly affect the expression of the genes that are involved in the progression of liver cancer (LC). For this purpose, we examined the effect of expressional changes of DNMTs on HCV infected LC of different genotypes. We found that both mRNA and protein expression levels of DNMT1, 3a, and 3b were upregulated in genotype 1b and 3a HCV infected patients as compared to control. However, DNMT3b mRNA levels did not change in genotypes 2a, 3, and 4, but were upregulated at the protein level by genotype 1b, 2a, and 3a. Furthermore, no significant changes were observed for DNMTs investigated in sample expressing the genotypes 5 and 6. Our findings suggest that HCV at least in part by altering DNMTs expression may play a significant role in HCC progression.

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First-line treatment with hepatic arterial infusion plus capecitabine vs capecitabine alone for elderly patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases

Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2016, pages 14-19<br/>10.1080/15384047.2015.1108487<br/>Xiaodong Li

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Absence of germline CDKN2A mutation in Sicilian patients with familial malignant melanoma: Could it be a population-specific genetic signature?

Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2016, pages 83-90<br/>10.1080/15384047.2015.1108494<br/>Sara Di Lorenzo

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Marine steroid derived from Acropora formosa enhances mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells

Abstract

p53 pathway has been revealed to mediate cellular stress responses and trigger DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. We isolated 2-ethoxycarbonyl-2-β-hydroxy-A-nor-cholest-5-ene-4one (ECHC) from butanol extracts of scleractinian coral Acropora formosa and reported its potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activity as well as less toxicity against zebrafish Danio rerio. In the present study, we intend to explore p53-mediated apoptosis pathway enhanced by ECHC in A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. This report shows that ECHC increases ROS generation and sensitizes mitochondrial membrane that leads to the release of cytochrome C (Cyto C) into cytosol. Further, ECHC decreases the expression of antiapoptotic genes such as TNF-α, IL-8, Bcl2, MMP2, and MMP9 which are actively involved in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis etc. It also increases the expression of apoptotic genes Cyto C, Bax, and p21, which are responsible for cell cycle arrest and cell death. The tumor suppressor p53 was also observed to be upregulated during ECHC treatment in untransformed cells and was more likely to result in cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. Finally, ECHC also down regulates the expression of caspase-9 and caspase-3 which are the death stage of intrinsic apoptosis. Our findings suggested that ECHC enhances ROS generation and mitochondrial sensitization determines the threshold for irreversible p53-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway.

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The role of NANOG transcriptional factor in the development of malignant phenotype of cancer cells

Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2016, pages 1-10<br/>10.1080/15384047.2015.1121348<br/>Natalia Gawlik-Rzemieniewska

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Fructus mume extracts alleviate cognitive impairments in 5XFAD transgenic mice

Fructus mume (F. mume) has been used as a traditional treatment for ulcer, cough, and digestive problems for many years in Asian countries. Previous studies have demonstrated that F. m…

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The effect of antisense inhibitor of miRNA 106b∼25 on the proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell

Abstract

Accumulating data has demonstrated that miRNA 106b∼25, which are composed of the highly conserved miRNA 106b, miRNA 93, and miRNA 25, play carcinogenic roles in cancers. We investigated the expression of miRNA 106b∼25 in gastric cancer cells (SGC 7901, MGC 803, BGC 823) and normal gastric epithelial cell then inhibited miRNA 106b∼25 expression via transiently transfecting their antisense inhibitor. After miRNA 106b∼25 cluster was inhibited, MTT, Scratch test, Transwell invasion test, and flow cytometry were applied to investigate the proliferation, invasion, migration, cell cycle, and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell. The expression of miRNA 106b, miRNA 93, and miRNA 25 in gastric cancer cells SGC 7901, MGC 803, and BGC 823 was significantly higher than in gastric epithelial cell GES-1. The most significant suppression of miRNA 106b∼25 expressions can be detected in MGC 803 cell after transiently transfecting their antisense inhibitors. So, MGC 803 cell was selected as our research object. After inhibiting miRNA 106b and miRNA 93 respectively and combined, the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cell MGC 803 were significantly suppressed. The most significant suppression was observed in combined inhibiting group. After miRNA 106b∼25 cluster was inhibited respectively or combined, more gastric cancer cells were arrested in the G0G1 phase. However, there was no statistical difference in comparing with control groups. While the percentages of apoptotic cells increased after miRNA 106b∼25 cluster was inhibited, the statistical difference was detected only in combined inhibiting group. Inhibiting miRNA 106b∼25 cluster via transfecting antisense inhibitor can influence biological behavior of gastric cancer cell.

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MicroRNA-873 mediates multidrug resistance in ovarian cancer cells by targeting ABCB1

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is commonly treated with cisplatin and paclitaxel combination chemotherapy; however, ovarian cancer cells often develop resistance to these drugs. Increasingly, microRNAs (miRNAs) including miR-873 have been implicated in drug resistance in many cancers, but the role of miR-873 in ovarian cancer remains unknown. MTT cell viability assays revealed that the sensitivities of ovarian cancer lines to cisplatin and paclitaxel increased following transfection with miR-873 (P < 0.05). After predicting the miR-873 binding region in the 3′-untranslated region of ABCB1, dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed this prediction. RT-PCR and Western blotting revealed that MDR1 expression was significantly downregulated after transfection with miR-873 and upregulated after transfection with anti-miR-873 at both mRNA and protein levels compared to negative controls (P < 0.05). Experiments in a mouse xenograft model confirmed that intratumoral administration of miR-873 could enhance the efficacy of cisplatin in inhibiting tumor growth in ovarian cancer in vivo (P < 0.05). ABCB1 overexpression reduced sensitivities of ovarian cancer lines OVCAR3 and A2780 to cisplatin and paclitaxel, which can be reversed by miR-873 mimic transfection (P < 0.05). In summary, we demonstrated that overexpression of miR-873 increased the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin and paclitaxel by targeting MDR1 expression. Our findings suggest that combination therapies with chemotherapy agents and miR-873 may suppress drug resistance in ovarian cancer.

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DNA methyltransferase 1, 3a, and 3b expression in hepatitis C associated human hepatocellular carcinoma and their clinicopathological association

Abstract

Identification of biomarker will obligate a substantial influence on various cancer management and treatment. We hypothesize that genetic/proteomic and epigenetic studies should be uncovering modifications which may be independently or jointly affect the expression of the genes that are involved in the progression of liver cancer (LC). For this purpose, we examined the effect of expressional changes of DNMTs on HCV infected LC of different genotypes. We found that both mRNA and protein expression levels of DNMT1, 3a, and 3b were upregulated in genotype 1b and 3a HCV infected patients as compared to control. However, DNMT3b mRNA levels did not change in genotypes 2a, 3, and 4, but were upregulated at the protein level by genotype 1b, 2a, and 3a. Furthermore, no significant changes were observed for DNMTs investigated in sample expressing the genotypes 5 and 6. Our findings suggest that HCV at least in part by altering DNMTs expression may play a significant role in HCC progression.

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Marine steroid derived from Acropora formosa enhances mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells

Abstract

p53 pathway has been revealed to mediate cellular stress responses and trigger DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. We isolated 2-ethoxycarbonyl-2-β-hydroxy-A-nor-cholest-5-ene-4one (ECHC) from butanol extracts of scleractinian coral Acropora formosa and reported its potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activity as well as less toxicity against zebrafish Danio rerio. In the present study, we intend to explore p53-mediated apoptosis pathway enhanced by ECHC in A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. This report shows that ECHC increases ROS generation and sensitizes mitochondrial membrane that leads to the release of cytochrome C (Cyto C) into cytosol. Further, ECHC decreases the expression of antiapoptotic genes such as TNF-α, IL-8, Bcl2, MMP2, and MMP9 which are actively involved in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis etc. It also increases the expression of apoptotic genes Cyto C, Bax, and p21, which are responsible for cell cycle arrest and cell death. The tumor suppressor p53 was also observed to be upregulated during ECHC treatment in untransformed cells and was more likely to result in cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. Finally, ECHC also down regulates the expression of caspase-9 and caspase-3 which are the death stage of intrinsic apoptosis. Our findings suggested that ECHC enhances ROS generation and mitochondrial sensitization determines the threshold for irreversible p53-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway.

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The effect of antisense inhibitor of miRNA 106b∼25 on the proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell

Abstract

Accumulating data has demonstrated that miRNA 106b∼25, which are composed of the highly conserved miRNA 106b, miRNA 93, and miRNA 25, play carcinogenic roles in cancers. We investigated the expression of miRNA 106b∼25 in gastric cancer cells (SGC 7901, MGC 803, BGC 823) and normal gastric epithelial cell then inhibited miRNA 106b∼25 expression via transiently transfecting their antisense inhibitor. After miRNA 106b∼25 cluster was inhibited, MTT, Scratch test, Transwell invasion test, and flow cytometry were applied to investigate the proliferation, invasion, migration, cell cycle, and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell. The expression of miRNA 106b, miRNA 93, and miRNA 25 in gastric cancer cells SGC 7901, MGC 803, and BGC 823 was significantly higher than in gastric epithelial cell GES-1. The most significant suppression of miRNA 106b∼25 expressions can be detected in MGC 803 cell after transiently transfecting their antisense inhibitors. So, MGC 803 cell was selected as our research object. After inhibiting miRNA 106b and miRNA 93 respectively and combined, the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cell MGC 803 were significantly suppressed. The most significant suppression was observed in combined inhibiting group. After miRNA 106b∼25 cluster was inhibited respectively or combined, more gastric cancer cells were arrested in the G0G1 phase. However, there was no statistical difference in comparing with control groups. While the percentages of apoptotic cells increased after miRNA 106b∼25 cluster was inhibited, the statistical difference was detected only in combined inhibiting group. Inhibiting miRNA 106b∼25 cluster via transfecting antisense inhibitor can influence biological behavior of gastric cancer cell.

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MicroRNA-873 mediates multidrug resistance in ovarian cancer cells by targeting ABCB1

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is commonly treated with cisplatin and paclitaxel combination chemotherapy; however, ovarian cancer cells often develop resistance to these drugs. Increasingly, microRNAs (miRNAs) including miR-873 have been implicated in drug resistance in many cancers, but the role of miR-873 in ovarian cancer remains unknown. MTT cell viability assays revealed that the sensitivities of ovarian cancer lines to cisplatin and paclitaxel increased following transfection with miR-873 (P < 0.05). After predicting the miR-873 binding region in the 3′-untranslated region of ABCB1, dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed this prediction. RT-PCR and Western blotting revealed that MDR1 expression was significantly downregulated after transfection with miR-873 and upregulated after transfection with anti-miR-873 at both mRNA and protein levels compared to negative controls (P < 0.05). Experiments in a mouse xenograft model confirmed that intratumoral administration of miR-873 could enhance the efficacy of cisplatin in inhibiting tumor growth in ovarian cancer in vivo (P < 0.05). ABCB1 overexpression reduced sensitivities of ovarian cancer lines OVCAR3 and A2780 to cisplatin and paclitaxel, which can be reversed by miR-873 mimic transfection (P < 0.05). In summary, we demonstrated that overexpression of miR-873 increased the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin and paclitaxel by targeting MDR1 expression. Our findings suggest that combination therapies with chemotherapy agents and miR-873 may suppress drug resistance in ovarian cancer.

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DNA methyltransferase 1, 3a, and 3b expression in hepatitis C associated human hepatocellular carcinoma and their clinicopathological association

Abstract

Identification of biomarker will obligate a substantial influence on various cancer management and treatment. We hypothesize that genetic/proteomic and epigenetic studies should be uncovering modifications which may be independently or jointly affect the expression of the genes that are involved in the progression of liver cancer (LC). For this purpose, we examined the effect of expressional changes of DNMTs on HCV infected LC of different genotypes. We found that both mRNA and protein expression levels of DNMT1, 3a, and 3b were upregulated in genotype 1b and 3a HCV infected patients as compared to control. However, DNMT3b mRNA levels did not change in genotypes 2a, 3, and 4, but were upregulated at the protein level by genotype 1b, 2a, and 3a. Furthermore, no significant changes were observed for DNMTs investigated in sample expressing the genotypes 5 and 6. Our findings suggest that HCV at least in part by altering DNMTs expression may play a significant role in HCC progression.

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Fat4 suppression induces Yap translocation accounting for the promoted proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells

Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2016, pages 36-47<br/>10.1080/15384047.2015.1108488<br/>Liangang Ma

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Tangeretin derivative, 5-acetyloxy-6,7,8,4′-tetramethoxyflavone induces G2/M arrest, apoptosis and autophagy in human non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo

Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2016, pages 48-64<br/>10.1080/15384047.2015.1108491<br/>Yi Rong Li

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Creating Temporary Pools as Wetland Mitigation: How Well Do They Function?

Abstract

Temporary forested pools are an important ecological resource throughout northern and eastern North America, yet they are often destroyed or degraded. Pool creation offers a potential mitigation solution, but long-term monitoring to assess the functioning of created pools is scarce. Furthermore, studies rarely integrate multiple, interacting levels of the pool ecosystem, including physical, chemical, and biological parameters. To address this knowledge gap, we compared the physical habitat, water chemistry, productivity, and community composition of macroinvertebrates and amphibians from 7-year old created pools (n = 7) to reference pools (n = 6). Created pools were smaller in size, received more sunlight, had greater amounts of Lemna, Typha, and Phragmites, and were less likely to dry. Created pools had higher pH and conductivity, but algal biomass did not differ. Macroinvertebrate richness was similar across pools, but composition starkly differed. Amphibian species richness and composition was similar between created and reference pools; however, created pools had fewer focal pool-breeding amphibians, including the spotted salamander and wood frog. By assessing the entire pool ecosystem, we found that the ability of created pools to mimic the physical conditions and ecological functions of natural temporary pools is suspect.

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Menin localization in cell membrane compartment

Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2016, pages 114-122<br/>10.1080/15384047.2015.1108497<br/>Xin He

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A prospective randomized controlled study comparing the pain relief in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with the use of vertebroplasty or facet blocking

Abstract

Purpose

To compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) versus those undergoing facet blocking (FB) for severe pain due to osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs).

Methods

Two hundred and six patients who had OVCFs on spine radiography and intractable back pain for ≤8 weeks were recruited between January 2009 and January 2013 (165 females and 41 males, age ≥55 years). Patients were randomly assigned to the PVP group (100 patients) or the FB group (106 patients). VAS, ODI, Roland Morris disability (RMD) scores, scores on the Standardized Physical Component of the SF-36 form (SPC) and scores on the Standardized Mental Component of the SF-36 form (SMC) were determined preoperatively and at each follow-up time (1 day, 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months). In addition, plain radiographs were obtained at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively to detect new fractures.

Results

Significantly lower VAS, ODI, and RMD scores for patients in the PVP group compared to those in the FB group were observed at follow-up of 1 day and 1 week (p < 0.05). However, differences in the VAS, ODI, RMD and SPC/MCS (SF-36) scores between the two groups at follow-ups of more than 1 month were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Difference in numbers of new fractures in the two groups at the follow-up of 12 months was also statistically insignificant.

Conclusions

PVP produced better pain relief than FB in the short term (≤1 week). However, the difference in pain-relief between these two techniques was insignificant in the long term (follow-up between 1 month and 12 months).

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Fat4 suppression induces Yap translocation accounting for the promoted proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells

Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2016, pages 36-47<br/>10.1080/15384047.2015.1108488<br/>Liangang Ma

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Tangeretin derivative, 5-acetyloxy-6,7,8,4′-tetramethoxyflavone induces G2/M arrest, apoptosis and autophagy in human non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo

Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2016, pages 48-64<br/>10.1080/15384047.2015.1108491<br/>Yi Rong Li

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Creating Temporary Pools as Wetland Mitigation: How Well Do They Function?

Abstract

Temporary forested pools are an important ecological resource throughout northern and eastern North America, yet they are often destroyed or degraded. Pool creation offers a potential mitigation solution, but long-term monitoring to assess the functioning of created pools is scarce. Furthermore, studies rarely integrate multiple, interacting levels of the pool ecosystem, including physical, chemical, and biological parameters. To address this knowledge gap, we compared the physical habitat, water chemistry, productivity, and community composition of macroinvertebrates and amphibians from 7-year old created pools (n = 7) to reference pools (n = 6). Created pools were smaller in size, received more sunlight, had greater amounts of Lemna, Typha, and Phragmites, and were less likely to dry. Created pools had higher pH and conductivity, but algal biomass did not differ. Macroinvertebrate richness was similar across pools, but composition starkly differed. Amphibian species richness and composition was similar between created and reference pools; however, created pools had fewer focal pool-breeding amphibians, including the spotted salamander and wood frog. By assessing the entire pool ecosystem, we found that the ability of created pools to mimic the physical conditions and ecological functions of natural temporary pools is suspect.

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Menin localization in cell membrane compartment

Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2016, pages 114-122<br/>10.1080/15384047.2015.1108497<br/>Xin He

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Intracranial multifocal plasma cell granuloma: a case with multiple operations without recurrence of surgically removed lesions

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Missouri World War II vet has mustard gas exposure claims denied by VA – STLtoday.com

STLtoday.com

Missouri World War II vet has mustard gas exposure claims denied by VA STLtoday.com Harrell, known as "Arlie," has been rejected three times by the Department of Veterans Affairs for claims to help treat a lung disorder and skin cancer that his family believes are connected to that exposure. Harrell, who turns 89 next month, is in a …

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“The Penitent Magdalene”: Tiziano Vecellio (1488/1490–1576)

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Stress during neurosurgery: no need to worry?

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Intracranial multifocal plasma cell granuloma: a case with multiple operations without recurrence of surgically removed lesions

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Selective amygdalohippocampectomy via trans-superior temporal gyrus keyhole approach

Abstract

Background

Hippocampal sclerosis is the most common cause of drug-resistant epilepsy amenable for surgical treatment and seizure control. The rationale of the selective amygdalohippocampectomy is to spare cerebral tissue not included in the seizure generator.

Method

Describe the selective amygdalohippocampectomy through the trans-superior temporal gyrus keyhole approach.

Conclusion

Selective amygdalohippocampectomy for temporal lobe epilepsy is performed when the data (semiology, neuroimaging, electroencephalography) point to the mesial temporal structures. The trans-superior temporal gyrus keyhole approach is a minimally invasive and safe technique that allows disconnection of the temporal stem and resection of temporomesial structures.

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Stereotactic biopsy approach to the upper clivus through the middle fossa floor that avoids pneumatised cavities and the intradural compartment

Abstract

Background

Biopsies of clival lesions are usually performed, under general anaesthesia, through an anterior endoscopic approach or, alternatively, through a trans-nasal or trans-oral stereotactic approach.

Methods

A 57-year-old man with a symptomatic osteolytical lesion of the clivus, who refused general anaesthesia, underwent a sterotactically guided biopsy of the lesion by an antero-lateral approach through the temporal and sphenoid bones.

Results

Biopsy was successfully performed and the resulting diagnosis was myeloma. The patient was comfortable during and after surgery and there were no complications.

Conclusions

The present stereotactic antero-lateral approach to the biopsy of the upper clivus can be considered an useful adjunct to the current trans-oral and transnasal approaches that often require general anaesthesia.

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A case report of primary cardiac capillary hemangioma

Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2016, pages 11-13<br/>10.1080/15384047.2015.1109391<br/>Jidan Fan

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Krüppel-like factor 2 promotes cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma through up-regulation of c-myc

Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2016, pages 20-26<br/>10.1080/15384047.2015.1108484<br/>Kailin Zou

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Absence of germline CDKN2A mutation in Sicilian patients with familial malignant melanoma: Could it be a population-specific genetic signature?

Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2016, pages 83-90<br/>10.1080/15384047.2015.1108494<br/>Sara Di Lorenzo

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First-line treatment with hepatic arterial infusion plus capecitabine vs capecitabine alone for elderly patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases

Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2016, pages 14-19<br/>10.1080/15384047.2015.1108487<br/>Xiaodong Li

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The role of NANOG transcriptional factor in the development of malignant phenotype of cancer cells

Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2016, pages 1-10<br/>10.1080/15384047.2015.1121348<br/>Natalia Gawlik-Rzemieniewska

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C. elegans and mutants with chronic nicotine exposure as a novel model of cancer phenotype

Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2016, pages 91-103<br/>10.1080/15384047.2015.1108495<br/>Rajani Kanteti

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Long noncoding RNA MEG3 is downregulated in cervical cancer and affects cell proliferation and apoptosis by regulating miR-21

Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2016, pages 104-113<br/>10.1080/15384047.2015.1108496<br/>Jun Zhang

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Circulating miR-21-5p and miR-148a-3p as emerging non-invasive biomarkers in thymic epithelial tumors

Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2016, pages 79-82<br/>10.1080/15384047.2015.1108493<br/>Teresa Bellissimo

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Voice Modulation: A Window into the Origins of Human Vocal Control?

Publication date: Available online 5 February 2016
Source:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Author(s): Katarzyna Pisanski, Valentina Cartei, Carolyn McGettigan, Jordan Raine, David Reby
An unresolved issue in comparative approaches to speech evolution is the apparent absence of an intermediate vocal communication system between human speech and the less flexible vocal repertoires of other primates. We argue that humans' ability to modulate nonverbal vocal features evolutionarily linked to expression of body size and sex (fundamental and formant frequencies) provides a largely overlooked window into the nature of this intermediate system. Recent behavioral and neural evidence indicates that humans' vocal control abilities, commonly assumed to subserve speech, extend to these nonverbal dimensions. This capacity appears in continuity with context-dependent frequency modulations recently identified in other mammals, including primates, and may represent a living relic of early vocal control abilities that led to articulated human speech.

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TWiP 102: Nursing eosinophils

The TWiPyzoites solve the case of the Uncommon Parasite, and discuss the role of eosinophils in promoting the growth of Trichinella in skeletal muscle.

Hosts:

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Uranium biosorption from aqueous solution onto Eichhornia crassipes

Publication date: April 2016
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 154
Author(s): Zheng-ji Yi, Jun Yao, Hui-lun Chen, Fei Wang, Zhi-min Yuan, Xing Liu
Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the biosorption of U(VI) from aqueous solutions onto the nonliving biomass of an aquatic macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes. The results showed that the adsorption of U(VI) onto E. crassipes was highly pH-dependent and the best pH for U(VI) removal was 5.5. U(VI) adsorption proceeded rapidly with an equilibrium time of 30 min and conformed to pseudo-second-order kinetics. The Langmuir isotherm model was determined to best describe U(VI) biosorption with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 142.85 mg/g. Thermodynamic calculation results indicated that the U(VI) biosorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis implied that the functional groups (amino, hydroxyl, and carboxyl) may be responsible for the U(VI) adsorption process, in which the coordination and ion exchange mechanisms could be involved. We conclude that E. crassipes biomass is a promising biosorbent for the removal of uranium pollutants.

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The influence of dose distribution on treatment outcome in the SCOPE 1 oesophageal cancer trial

The first aim of this study was to assess plan quality using a conformity index (CI) and analyse its influence on patient outcome. The second aim was to identify whether clinical and technological factors incl…

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Abdominal tuberculosis manifested as tuberculosis of the urachal sinus in an adolescent and the role of laparoscopy in the management: a rare case report

Abdominal tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon affliction in adolescence. It is usually associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. The disease is caused by lymphohaematogenous spread after primary infection in the lu…

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Bioreduction of U(VI) and stability of immobilized uranium under suboxic conditions

Publication date: April 2016
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 154
Author(s): Nan Hu, De-xin Ding, Shi-mi Li, Xiang Tan, Guang-yue Li, Yong-dong Wang, Fei Xu
In order to study the bioreduction of U(VI) and stability of immobilized uranium under suboxic conditions, microcosm were amended with ethanol, lactate and glucose, and incubated under suboxic conditions. During the incubation, total dissolved U in amended microcosms decreased from 0.95 mg/L to 0.03 mg/L. Pyrosequencing results showed that, the proportion of anaerobic microorganisms capable of reducing U(VI) under suboxic conditions was small compared with that under anoxic conditions; the proportion of aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms capable of consuming the dissolved oxygen was large; and some of the facultative anaerobic microorganisms could reduce U(VI). These results indicated that different microbial communities were responsible for the bioreduction of U(VI) under suboxic and anoxic conditions. After the electron donors were exhausted, total dissolved U in the amended microcosms remained unchanged, while the U(VI)/U(IV) ratio in the solid phase of sediments increased obviously. This implied that the performance of bioreduction of the U(VI) can be maintained under suboxic condition.

Teaser

Different microbial communities were responsible for the bioreduction of U(VI) under suboxic and anoxic conditions.

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