New Method for Sex Prediction Using the Human Non-Adult Auricular Surface of the Ilium in the Collection of Identified Skeletons of the University of Coimbra

Abstract

Sex estimation in non-adult skeletons is crucial in bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology. It was not extensively considered in the past, mainly because it was stated that the dimorphic osteological features were difficult to identify before adulthood. Over the past few years, this statement was disproved, and the study of numerous dimorphic non-adult skeletal traits was approached. This paper presents a new methodology that evaluates the auricular surface of the non-adult ilia. Several morphological and continuous variables were recorded for 34 individuals (21 females and 13 males) aged between 7 and 18 from the Coimbra Identified Skeletons Collection (University of Coimbra, Portugal).

The results show low intra and inter-observer errors for all the variables, which renders the methodology replicable. Two ratios related to the shape of the anterior area of the auricular surface offer the most dimorphic data (proportions of cases correctly assigned: 0.82 and 0.88; sexual allocation probabilities: 0.85 for both variables). A discriminant function and a logistic regression were developed, which correctly classified the 82.35 and the 88.23% of the individuals, respectively. Moreover, two qualitative variables, referred to as the overall morphology and the apex morphology, also show statistically significant differences between males and females (proportions of correct assignation: 0.82 and 0.76; sexual allocation probabilities: 0.79 and 0.76).

These variables can be incorporated in a multifactorial approach together with other indicators already available in the specialised literature in order to help improve the accuracy of the results obtained. This methodological procedure has to be applied with other identified samples, including younger individuals, so as to test whether the trends presented in this context are maintained and are useful in populations from a different geographical provenience.

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Investigation of a correlation between taxane-based chemotherapy and the ultrasonic time-of-flight of human fingernails

Abstract

Background

Medical practitioners have long associated the physical appearance of human fingernails with certain underlying health conditions due to their direct connection to the vascular system. The objective of this study was to demonstrate how human fingernails can potentially be used as a biomarker to determine the severity of a patient's reaction to chemotherapy.

Methods

Quantitative investigation of fingernails in patients undergoing taxane-based chemotherapy was conducted using a high-frequency 50 MHz ultrasound device in B-mode in the form of a pilot study. Time-of-Flight (TOF) ultrasonic signal measurements were recorded longitudinally across fingernails over three time intervals; (before treatment, in the middle of treatment, and on the last day of treatment); a neuropathy assessment and photographs were also taken for comparison.

Results

A total of 17 patients were examined in this study with ages ranging from 35-69 years old with both weekly and biweekly chemotherapy regimens. Onycholysis and fingernail discoloration were observed in 8 of the 17 patients. White transverse lines and white lunula were observed on 4 of the 17 patients. Quantitative assessment revealed a TOF median decrease in fingernails during the first half of chemotherapy treatment; conversely, TOF median was found to have increased during the second half. Median TOF measurements at the end of treatment were found to return to approximately that of the baseline value.

Conclusion

This was a novel application of ultrasound in fingernails as chemotherapy biomarkers and further studies should be considered to verify and expand on the results obtained in this study.

http://ift.tt/2rvReif

Proteomic profiling of the brain of mice with experimental cerebral malaria

Publication date: Available online 5 June 2017
Source:Journal of Proteomics
Author(s): Ehab Moussa, Honglei Huang, Malika Ahras, Amar Lall, Marie L. Thezenas, Roman Fischer, Benedikt M. Kessler, Arnab Pain, Oliver Billker, Climent Casals-Pascual
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe neurological complication of malaria infection in both adults and children. In pursuit of effective treatment of CM, clinical studies, postmortem analysis and animal models have been employed to understand the pathology and identify effective interventions. In this study, a shotgun proteomics analysis was conducted to profile the proteomic signature of the brain tissue of mice with experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) in order to further understand the underlying pathology. To identify CM-associated response, proteomic signatures of the brains of C57/Bl6N mice infected with P. berghei ANKA that developed neurological syndrome were compared to those of mice infected with P. berghei NK65 that developed equally high parasite burdens without neurological signs, and to those of non-infected mice. The results show that the CM-associated response in mice that developed neurological signs comprise mainly acute-phase reaction and coagulation cascade activation, and indicate the leakage of plasma proteins into the brain parenchyma.SignificanceCerebral malaria (CM) remains a major cause of death in children. The majority of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Even with adequate access to treatment, mortality remains high and neurological sequelae can be found in up to 20% of survivors. No adjuvant treatment to date has been shown to reduce mortality and the pathophysiology of CM is largely unknown. Experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) is a well-established model that may contribute to identify and test druggable targets. In this study we have identified the disruption of the blood-brain barrier following inflammatory and vascular injury as a mechanism of disease. In this study we report a number of proteins that could be validated as potential biomarkers of ECM. Further studies, will be required to validate the clinical relevance of these biomarkers in human CM.

Graphical abstract

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Carbon monoxide protects against hepatic steatosis in mice by inducing sestrin-2 via the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 110
Author(s): Hyo Jeong Kim, Yeonsoo Joe, Seul-Ki Kim, Se-Ung Park, Jeongmin Park, Yingqing Chen, Jin Kim, Jinhyun Ryu, Gyeong Jae Cho, Young-Joon Surh, Stefan W. Ryter, Uh-Hyun Kim, Hun-Taeg Chung
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, has emerged as one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease in developed countries over the last decade. NAFLD comprises a spectrum of pathological hepatic changes, including steatosis, steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Autophagy, a homeostatic process for protein and organelle turnover, is decreased in the liver during the development of NAFLD. Previously, we have shown that carbon monoxide (CO), a reaction product of heme oxygenase (HO) activity, can confer protection in NAFLD, though the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We therefore investigated the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of CO on methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced hepatic steatosis. We found that CO induced sestrin-2 (SESN2) expression through enhanced mitochondrial ROS production and protected against MCD-induced NAFLD progression through activation of autophagy. SESN2 expression was increased by CO or CO-releasing molecule (CORM2), in a manner dependent on signaling through the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), eukaryotic initiation factor-2 alpha (eIF2α)/ activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4)-dependent pathway. CO-induced SESN2 upregulation in hepatocytes contributed to autophagy induction through activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex I (mTORC1). Furthermore, we demonstrate that CO significantly induced the expression of SESN2 and enhanced autophagy in the livers of MCD-fed mice or in MCD-media treated hepatocytes. Conversely, knockdown of SESN2 abrogated autophagy activation and mTOR inhibition in response to CO. We conclude that CO ameliorates hepatic steatosis through the autophagy pathway induced by SESN2 upregulation.

Graphical abstract

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Knowledge, aptitudes, and preferences in implant dentistry teaching/training among undergraduate dental students at the University of Barcelona.

Knowledge, aptitudes, and preferences in implant dentistry teaching/training among undergraduate dental students at the University of Barcelona.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Sánchez-Garcés MA, Berástegui-Jimeno E, Gay-Escoda C

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Oral implant rehabilitation should be considered a treatment option for any edentulous patient and Implant Dentistry is currently a discipline taught in the undergraduate formation. The level of knowledge acquired and how the students perceive the quality of training in Implant Dentistry could assess to know if it is necessary to improve the syllabus.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire was developed with 11 questions: Basic knowledge (7); Perception of training received (2); Ways in which students would receive training (2). To be responded anonymously and voluntarily for undergraduates students in the Faculty of Dentistry (University of Barcelona, Spain).
RESULTS: One hundred and seven students, 76 third year (Group A) and 31 fourth year (Group B) answered the questionnaire. In Group A, 98.68% of students and in Group B 93.54% believed they were poorly informed; 100% of both groups would prefer to receive more training as part of the degree or as postgraduate training through modular courses imparted by experts (A: 71,05%, B: 70,96%) Training through postgraduate programs or training given by private businesses were the least desirable options (A: 42%, B: 64.51%). Questions about basic knowledge acquired received varying responses, which might indicate a certain level of confusion in this area.
CONCLUSIONS: The undergraduate syllabus must be revised to include sufficient content and training to allow the student to indicate implant-based treatments based on evidence. Students would prefer training to be included in the undergraduate syllabus.

PMID: 28578375 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2rF8O1B

Letter to Editor: Support to the Spanish language, from Oral Medicine.

Letter to Editor: Support to the Spanish language, from Oral Medicine.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Chimenos-Küstner E

Abstract
In the form of a letter to the director, the author provides linguistic comments related to Spanish. He draws attention to some often misused words and suggests some expressions that may improve the use of the Spanish language in scientific texts.

PMID: 28578376 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2qVRCI7

In vitro comparison of primary stability of two implant designs in D3 bone.

In vitro comparison of primary stability of two implant designs in D3 bone.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: González-Serrano J, Ortega-Aranegui R, López-Quiles J

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Primary stability (PS) is a key factor for implant survival rate and depends on implant design or bone quality. The aim of this study was to compare different thread designs implants, evaluating PS with periotest values (PV) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values through resonance frequency analysis (RFA).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 60 implants (Radhex®, Inmet-Garnick S.A., Guadalajara, Spain) were placed in freshly bovine ribs in vitro. Two designs were used: 30 tapered body with single thread design (PHI) and 30 tapered body with double thread design implants (PHIA). Both designs were 4mm wide and 12mm long. Implants were placed according to manufacturer's guidelines. Osstell™ and Periotest® devices were used to evaluate PS by a blinded independent observer. Computed tomographies (CTs) of the ribs were made (BrightSpeed Series CT systems, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) and bone quality surrounding each implant was evaluated in Hounsfield Units (HU) using Ez3D Plus software (Vatech Co., Korea). Bone quality was classified according to Misch and Kircos in D1, D2, D3 or D4.
RESULTS: All implants were mechanically stable. Only implants placed in D3 bone (350-850 HU) were selected for the study: 28 PHI and 26 PHIA. The one way ANOVA showed significant difference (p < 0.005) among two implants designs in ISQ values (61,55 ± 6,67 in PHI and 68,94 ± 5,82 in PHIA). No significant difference (p = 0,171) was shown in PV between two designs (-4,47 ± 1,39 in PHI and -4,77 ± 0,87 in PHIA).
CONCLUSIONS: Higher PS was found using Osstell™ device in implants with double thread design (PHIA) in comparison to implants with single thread design (PHI) in D3 bone.

PMID: 28578374 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2qVrL3d

Assessment of time intervals in the pathway to oral cancer diagnosis in north-westerm Spain. Relative contribution of patient interval.

Assessment of time intervals in the pathway to oral cancer diagnosis in north-westerm Spain. Relative contribution of patient interval.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Varela-Centelles P, López-Cedrún JL, Fernández-Santromán J, Álvarez-Nóvoa P, Luaces-Rey R, Pombo-Castro MJ, López-Jornet MP, Seoane J

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite continuous advances in diagnosis and therapy, oral cancers are mostly diagnosed at advanced stages with minor survival improvements in the last two decades. Both phenomena have been attributed to delays in the diagnosis. This study aims at quantifying the time elapsed until definitive diagnosis in these patients and the patient interval's contribution.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A hospital-based, ambispective, observational study was undertaken on incident cases with a pathological diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma recruited during 2015 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery services of CHUAC (A Coruña) and POVISA (Vigo) hospitals.
RESULTS: 74 consecutive oral cancer patients (59.5% males; median age: 65.0 years (IQ:57-74)) were studied. Most cases (52.7%; n=39) were at advanced stages (TNM III-IV) at diagnosis. The period since first sign/symptom until the patient seeks health care was the longest interval in the pathway to diagnosis and treatment (median: 31.5 days; IQR= 7.0 - 61.0) and represents >60% of the interval since symptom onset until referral to specialised care (pre-referral interval). The average interval assigned to the patient resulted to be relatively larger than the time elapsed since the patient is seen at primary care until a definitive diagnosis is reached (diagnostic interval). Median of the referral interval for primary care professionals: 6.5 days (IQR= 0.0 - 49.2) and accounts for 35% (19% - 51%) of the diagnostic interval.
CONCLUSIONS: The patient interval is the main component of the pathway to treatment since the detection of a bodily change until the definitive diagnosis. Therefore, strategies focused on risk groups to shorten this interval should be implemented in order to ease an early diagnosis of symptomatic oral cancer.

PMID: 28578373 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2rFcalr

Mandibular advancement devices vs nasal-continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea. Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mandibular advancement devices vs nasal-continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea. Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Cammaroto G, Galletti C, Galletti F, Galletti B, Galletti C, Gay-Escoda C

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disorder that may affect at least 2 to 4% of the adult population. Nasal-Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (N-CPAP) is today considered the gold standard for the treatment of OSA. The development of oral appliances (OAs) represents a new approach for the management of this pathology. The aim of this systematic review is to compare the efficacy of OAs and N-CPAP in the treatment of patients with mild to severe OSA.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A PubMed-MEDLINE and Cochrane databases search of articles published between 1982 and 2016 comparing the effect of N-CPAP and OAs in OSA patients was conducted during July 2016. The studies were selected and stratified according to PRISMA and SORT criteria. The main outcome measure was post-treatment Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index (AHI) while secondary outcomes included post-treatment Epworth Score Scale (ESS) score and lowest Oxygen Saturation level.
RESULTS: N-CPAP was significantly more effective in suppressing AHI than OA. Moreover, N- CPAP was significantly more effective in increasing post-treatment lowest Oxygen Saturation level than OA. However, no significant different in decreasing ESS values was found between the two treatments.
CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of evidence in this review it would appear appropriate to offer OA therapy to those who are unwilling or unable to persist with CPAP therapy. N-CPAP still must be considered the gold standard treatment for OSA and, therefore, OAs may be included in the list of alternative options.

PMID: 28578372 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2qUY5mV

Oral health and systemic inflammatory, cardiac and nitroxid biomarkers in hemodialysis patients.

Oral health and systemic inflammatory, cardiac and nitroxid biomarkers in hemodialysis patients.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Cotič J, Ferran M, Karišik J, Jerin A, Pussinen PJ, Nemec A, Pavlica Z, Buturović-Ponikvar J, Petelin M

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Periodontal diseases have systemic inflammatory effects and have been adversely associated with cardiovascular diseases, which are also the most frequent cause of death in the end-stage renal disease. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the oral health and serum biomarkers among the hemodialysis (HD) patients in Slovenia.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: 111 HD patients were periodontally examined and their sera were assayed for C reactive protein (CRP), cardiac troponin T (TnT), nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and antibody levels to A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. The association of oral health with systemic response was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test, Fisher's exact test and multivariate linear regression.
RESULTS: Bleeding on probing without periodontal pockets was present in 5.2%, calculus without periodontal pockets in 42.1%, shallow periodontal pockets in 39.5% and deep periodontal pockets in 13.2% of dentate patients. There were 28.8% edentulous participants. 63.1% of the patients had CRP levels higher than 3 mg/L and 34.2% higher than 10 mg/L. TnT was detectable in all participants, with 25.2% exhibiting levels higher than 100 ng/L. The median level of NOx was 43.1 µmol/L. Participants with higher CRP were more likely to be edentulous and have higher TnT levels. A direct association of oral health with TnT or NOx was not detected.
CONCLUSIONS: HD patients in Slovenia have compromised oral health and increased serum inflammatory and cardiac biomarkers. Edentulousness was an independent predictor for the increased CRP, indicating a need for improved dental care to retain the teeth as long as possible.

PMID: 28578371 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Uncommon oral manifestation of lichen sclerosus: critical analysis of cases reported from 1957 to 2016.

Uncommon oral manifestation of lichen sclerosus: critical analysis of cases reported from 1957 to 2016.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Tomo S, Santos IS, de Queiroz SA, Bernabé DG, Simonato LE, Miyahara GI

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lichen sclerosus is a mucocutaneous autoimmune disease which might be initiated by infectious pathogens as Borrelia Bugrdorferi and HPV. This disease shows destructive potential and is rarely diagnosed in oral mucosa. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the characteristics of cases described in literature from 1957 to 2016, looking to provide valuable evidence about clinicopathologic features of this disease.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A MedLine search was performed aiming to find oral lichen sclerosus cases in literature and discuss its demographical and pathological characteristics as well as treatment methods performed for these cases.
RESULTS: 34 oral lichen sclerosus cases with histological confirmation and one clinicopathologic study linked with this disease were found in literature. Oral lichen sclerosus affected most commonly female patients, were asymptomatic and not associated to skin or genital lesions. Furthermore, affected patients in a range of 7 - 70-years old (Average age = 31.81).
CONCLUSIONS: Oral lichen sclerosus is a rare pathologic process with slight predilection for prepubertal girls, for which topical corticosterois have demonstrated satisfactory therapeutic value.

PMID: 28578370 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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What is the frequency of anatomical variations and pathological findings in maxillary sinuses among patients subjected to maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography? A systematic review.

What is the frequency of anatomical variations and pathological findings in maxillary sinuses among patients subjected to maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography? A systematic review.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Ata-Ali J, Diago-Vilalta JV, Melo M, Bagán L, Soldini MC, Di-Nardo C, Ata-Ali F, Mañes-Ferrer JF

Abstract
BACKGROUND: When considering dental implant rehabilitation in atrophic posterior sectors, the maxillary sinuses must be evaluated in detail. Knowledge of the anatomical variations and of the potential lesions found in these structures conditions the outcome of sinus lift procedures and therefore of the dental implants. A systematic review is made to determine the frequency of anatomical variations and pathological findings in maxillary sinuses among patients subjected to cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A PubMed (MEDLINE) literature search was made of articles published up until 20 December 2015. The systematic review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). The quality of the studies included in the review was assessed using the Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies (MINORS).
RESULTS: The combinations of search terms resulted in a list of 3482 titles. Twenty-three studies finally met the inclusion criteria and were entered in the systematic review, comprising a total of 11,971 patients. The most common anatomical variations were pneumatization and sinus septa. The prevalence of maxillary sinus disease ranged from 7.5% to 66%. The most common pathological findings of the maxillary sinus were mucosal thickening, sinusitis and sinus opacification.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the main indication of CBCT of the maxillary sinus in dentistry is sinus floor elevation/treatment planning and evaluation prior to dental implant placement, this imaging modality is increasingly also used for endodontic and periodontal purposes. There is no consensus regarding the cutoff point beyond which mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus should be regarded as pathological, and the definition of maxillary sinusitis moreover varies greatly in the scientific literature. In this regard, international consensus is required in relation to these concepts, with a clear distinction between healthy and diseased maxillary sinuses.

PMID: 28578369 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Effect of pre-operatory low-level laser therapy on pain, swelling, and trismus associated with third-molar surgery.

Effect of pre-operatory low-level laser therapy on pain, swelling, and trismus associated with third-molar surgery.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Petrini M, Ferrante M, Trentini P, Perfetti G, Spoto G

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The extraction of impacted third molars is commonly associated to pain, edema, trismus, limited jaw opening and movements. The aim of this retrospective study is to verify if pre-surgical low-level laser therapy (LLLT) associated with the extraction of impacted lower third molars could add benefits to the postoperative symptoms respect LLLT performed only after surgery.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from 45 patients subjected to a surgical extraction of lower third molars were pooled and divided into three groups. Patients that received only routine management were inserted in the control group. Group 1, were patients that received LLLT immediately after surgery and at 24 hours. In group 2 were included patients treated with LLLT immediately before the extraction and immediately after the end of the procedure. Data were analyzed using linear regression and descriptive statistics.
RESULTS: Both laser-treated groups were characterized by minor events of post-surgery complications of pain, edema, trismus. The use of NSAIDs in the first 24 hours was significantly inferior in Group 2.
CONCLUSIONS: Pre-surgical LLLT treatment seems to increase the analgesic effect of LLLT. However, trismus and edema were reduced in both laser treated groups, independently from the period of irradiation.

PMID: 28578368 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Accuracy of cotinine serum test to detect the smoking habit and its association with periodontal disease in a multicenter study.

Accuracy of cotinine serum test to detect the smoking habit and its association with periodontal disease in a multicenter study.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Duque A, Martínez PJ, Giraldo A, Gualtero DF, Ardila CM, Contreras A, Duarte S, Lafaurie GI

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The validity of the surveys on self-reported smoking status is often questioned because smokers underestimate cigarette use and deny the habit. It has been suggested that self-report should be accompanied by cotinine test. This report evaluates the usefulness of serum cotinine test to assess the association between smoking and periodontal status in a study with a large sample population to be used in studies with other serum markers in epidemiologic and periodontal medicine researches.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: 578 patients who were part of a multicenter study on blood biomarkers were evaluated about smoking and its relation to periodontal disease. Severity of periodontal disease was determinate using clinical attachment loss (CAL). Smoking was assessed by a questionnaire and a blood sample drawn for serum cotinine determination.
RESULTS: The optimal cut-off point for serum cotinine was 10 ng/ml. Serum cotinine showed greater association with severity of CAL than self-report for mild-moderate CAL [OR 2.03 (CI95% 1.16-3.53) vs. OR 1.08 (CI95% 0.62-1.87) ] advanced periodontitis [OR 2.36 (CI95% 1.30- 4.31) vs. OR 2.06 (CI95% 0.97-4.38) ] and extension of CAL > 3 mm [ OR 1.78 (CI95% 1.16-1.71) vs. 1.37 (CI95% 0.89-2.11)]. When the two tests were evaluated together were not shown to be better than serum cotinine test.
CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported smoking and serum cotinine test ≥ 10ng/ml are accurate ,complementary and more reliable methods to assess the patient's smoking status and could be used in studies evaluating serum samples in large population and multicenter studies.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The serum cotinine level is more reliable to make associations with the patient's periodontal status than self-report questionnaire and could be used in multicenter and periodontal medicine studies.

PMID: 28578367 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2rEZCug

Slow-5 dynamic functional connectivity reflects the capacity to sustain cognitive performance during pain

Publication date: 15 August 2017
Source:NeuroImage, Volume 157
Author(s): J.C. Cheng, R.L. Bosma, K.S. Hemington, A. Kucyi, M.A. Lindquist, K.D. Davis
Some individuals are more distracted by pain during a cognitive task than others, representing poor pain coping. We have characterized individuals as A-type (attention dominates) or P-type (pain dominates) based on how pain interferes with task speed. The ability to optimize behavior during pain may relate to the flexibility in communication at rest between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of the executive control network, and the anterior mid-cingulate cortex (aMCC) of the salience network (SN) – regions involved in cognitive-interference. The aMCC and aIns (SN hub) also signify pain salience; flexible communication at rest between them possibly allowing prioritizing task performance during pain. We tested the hypotheses that pain-induced changes in task performance are related to resting-state dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) between these region pairs (DLPFC-aMCC; aMCC-aIns). We found that 1) pain reduces task consistency/speed in P-type individuals, but enhances performance in A-type individuals, 2) task consistency is related to the FC dynamics within DLPFC-aMCC and aMCC-aIns pairs, 3) brain-behavior relationships are driven by dFC within the slow-5 (0.01–0.027Hz) frequency band, and 4) dFC across the brain decreases at higher frequencies. Our findings point to neural communication dynamics at rest as being associated with prioritizing task performance over pain.



http://ift.tt/2r0tkrv

Optimal use of EEG recordings to target active brain areas with transcranial electrical stimulation

Publication date: 15 August 2017
Source:NeuroImage, Volume 157
Author(s): Jacek P. Dmochowski, Laurent Koessler, Anthony M. Norcia, Marom Bikson, Lucas C. Parra
To demonstrate causal relationships between brain and behavior, investigators would like to guide brain stimulation using measurements of neural activity. Particularly promising in this context are electroencephalography (EEG) and transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), as they are linked by a reciprocity principle which, despite being known for decades, has not led to a formalism for relating EEG recordings to optimal stimulation parameters. Here we derive a closed-form expression for the TES configuration that optimally stimulates (i.e., targets) the sources of recorded EEG, without making assumptions about source location or distribution. We also derive a duality between TES targeting and EEG source localization, and demonstrate that in cases where source localization fails, so does the proposed targeting. Numerical simulations with multiple head models confirm these theoretical predictions and quantify the achieved stimulation in terms of focality and intensity. We show that constraining the stimulation currents automatically selects optimal montages that involve only a few (4−7) electrodes, with only incremental loss in performance when targeting focal activations. The proposed technique allows brain scientists and clinicians to rationally target the sources of observed EEG and thus overcomes a major obstacle to the realization of individualized or closed-loop brain stimulation.



http://ift.tt/2r06nEU

Immunosurveillance profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral epithelial dysplasia through dendritic and T cells analysis

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) can arise from potentially malignant disorders, such as leukoplakia. The immune system plays an important role recognizing tumour precursor cells. However, due to immunoediting mechanisms cancer cells are able to escape immune system surveillance.

Objective

Evaluate the profile of dendritic (Langerhans and plasmacytoid) and T cells in OSCC and oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and correlate these findings with clinical data.

Materials and Methods

Fifty cases of OSCC and 48 of OED were immunostained for CD1a and CD83 dendritic Langerhans cells (DLC), plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) CD303 and CD8 followed by quantitative analysis.

Results

Analysis revealed a significant decrease in the number of mature CD83 DLC in OSCC compared with OED. CD303 positivity was significantly increased in the OSCC group when compared to OED. CD8 positive lymphocytes were significantly decreased in OSCC compared with OED lesions. No statistical correlation was found with clinical data.

Conclusion

The number of mature dendritic cells (DC) was decreased in OSCC compared with OED lesions suggesting that either these cells might have migrated to lymph nodes to present the tumour antigens and activate the immune system or cytokines secreted by the tumour microenvironment are inhibiting the adequate maturation of DLC. The numbers of pDC was significantly increased in the OSCC group compared with the OED group. This suggests they may play an important role in the defence against tumours although it is not clear whether this is promoting or inhibiting malignant progression.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Functional and phenotypic analysis of basophils allows determining distinct subtypes in patients with chronic urticaria

Abstract

Background

Chronic urticaria (CU) is a frequent skin disease characterized by relapsing appearance of pruritic hives. While clinical symptoms are due to the release of histamine by cutaneous mast cells, the underlying pathophysiology is still unknown. However, previous studies indicate that basophils might be of relevance. Besides, the occurrence of autoantibodies against IgE or its receptor, FcεRI, and the therapeutic efficacy of anti-IgE antibodies imply that IgE-mediated mechanisms also play an important role in CU.

Methods

Reactivity of CU patients' peripheral blood basophils (n=60) to specific anti-FcεRI and IgE-independent fMLP stimulation was determined by basophil activation test in comparison to patients suffering from IgE-mediated allergic rhinitis (n=10) and healthy controls (n=10). In addition, immunoglobulin receptor (FcεRI, FcγRII) expression and surface bound antibodies (IgE, IgG) were quantified on basophils. Furthermore, the autoreactive capacity of CU sera was evaluated and urticaria-related symptoms were assessed by both UCT and CU-Q₂oL.

Results

Stimulating CU patients' basophils via FcεRI, we identified three distinct immunological phenotypes. One subgroup of patients' basophils reacted to FcεRI stimulation, whereas the others had anti-FcεRI non-reactive basophils. Among the latter a subgroup with pronounced basopenia was identified. Of note, this group was characterized by augmented serum-induced basophil activation, increased levels of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and also exhibited the strongest disease impact on their quality of life.

Conclusions

CU patients can be categorized into three immunological subgroups based on their basophil reactivity and frequency. These phenotypes are associated with different clinical characteristics, pointing to basophils as important players in CU pathophysiology.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Effects of Substrate Stiffness on the Tenoinduction of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Publication date: Available online 5 June 2017
Source:Acta Biomaterialia
Author(s): Anowarul Islam, Thomas Mbimba, Mousa Younesi, Ozan Akkus
Extracellular matrix modulus plays an important role in regulating cell morphology, proliferation and differentiation during regular and diseased states. Although the effects of substrate topography and modulus on MSC differentiation are well known with respect to osteogenesis and adipogenesis, there has been relatively little investigation on the effects of this phenomenon on tenogenesis. Furthermore, relative roles of topographical factors (matrix alignment vs. matrix modulus) in inducing tenogenic differentiation is not well understood. In this study we investigated the effects of modulus and topographical alignment of type I collagen substrate on tendon differentiation. Type I collagen sheet substrates with random topographical alignment were fabricated with their moduli tuned in the range of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 MPa by using electrocompaction and controlled crosslinking. In one of the groups, topographical alignment was introduced at 10 MPa stiffness, by controlled unidirectional stretching of the sheet. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results showed that mimicking the tendon topography, i.e. increasing the substrate modulus as well as alignment increased the tenogenic differentiation. Higher substrate modulus increased the expression of COLI, COLIII, COMP and TSP-4 about 2-3 fold and increased the production of COLI, COLIII and TSP-4 about 2-4 fold. Substrate alignment up regulated COLIII and COMP expression by 2 fold. Therefore, the tenoinductive collagen material model developed in this study can be used in the research and development of tissue engineering tendon repair constructs in future.Statement of SignificanceAlthough the effects of substrate topography and modulus on MSC differentiation are well known with respect to osteogenesis and adipogenesis, there has been relatively little investigation on the effects of this phenomenon on tenogenesis. Furthermore, a relative role of topographical factors (matrix alignment vs. matrix modulus) in inducing tenogenic differentiation is not well understood. We investigated the effects of modulus and topographical alignment of type I collagen substrate on tendon differentiation. This study showed mimicking the tendon topography, i.e. increasing the substrate modulus as well as alignment increased the tenogenic differentiation. Therefore, the tenoinductive collagen material model developed in this study can be used in the research and development of tissue engineering tendon repair constructs in future.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2rYy0Dr

Uncommon oral manifestation of lichen sclerosus: critical analysis of cases reported from 1957 to 2016.

Uncommon oral manifestation of lichen sclerosus: critical analysis of cases reported from 1957 to 2016.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Tomo S, Santos IS, de Queiroz SA, Bernabé DG, Simonato LE, Miyahara GI

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lichen sclerosus is a mucocutaneous autoimmune disease which might be initiated by infectious pathogens as Borrelia Bugrdorferi and HPV. This disease shows destructive potential and is rarely diagnosed in oral mucosa. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the characteristics of cases described in literature from 1957 to 2016, looking to provide valuable evidence about clinicopathologic features of this disease.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A MedLine search was performed aiming to find oral lichen sclerosus cases in literature and discuss its demographical and pathological characteristics as well as treatment methods performed for these cases.
RESULTS: 34 oral lichen sclerosus cases with histological confirmation and one clinicopathologic study linked with this disease were found in literature. Oral lichen sclerosus affected most commonly female patients, were asymptomatic and not associated to skin or genital lesions. Furthermore, affected patients in a range of 7 - 70-years old (Average age = 31.81).
CONCLUSIONS: Oral lichen sclerosus is a rare pathologic process with slight predilection for prepubertal girls, for which topical corticosterois have demonstrated satisfactory therapeutic value.

PMID: 28578370 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2qVBars

Effect of pre-operatory low-level laser therapy on pain, swelling, and trismus associated with third-molar surgery.

Effect of pre-operatory low-level laser therapy on pain, swelling, and trismus associated with third-molar surgery.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Petrini M, Ferrante M, Trentini P, Perfetti G, Spoto G

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The extraction of impacted third molars is commonly associated to pain, edema, trismus, limited jaw opening and movements. The aim of this retrospective study is to verify if pre-surgical low-level laser therapy (LLLT) associated with the extraction of impacted lower third molars could add benefits to the postoperative symptoms respect LLLT performed only after surgery.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from 45 patients subjected to a surgical extraction of lower third molars were pooled and divided into three groups. Patients that received only routine management were inserted in the control group. Group 1, were patients that received LLLT immediately after surgery and at 24 hours. In group 2 were included patients treated with LLLT immediately before the extraction and immediately after the end of the procedure. Data were analyzed using linear regression and descriptive statistics.
RESULTS: Both laser-treated groups were characterized by minor events of post-surgery complications of pain, edema, trismus. The use of NSAIDs in the first 24 hours was significantly inferior in Group 2.
CONCLUSIONS: Pre-surgical LLLT treatment seems to increase the analgesic effect of LLLT. However, trismus and edema were reduced in both laser treated groups, independently from the period of irradiation.

PMID: 28578368 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2qUY3LP

Letter to Editor: Support to the Spanish language, from Oral Medicine.

Letter to Editor: Support to the Spanish language, from Oral Medicine.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Chimenos-Küstner E

Abstract
In the form of a letter to the director, the author provides linguistic comments related to Spanish. He draws attention to some often misused words and suggests some expressions that may improve the use of the Spanish language in scientific texts.

PMID: 28578376 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2qVRCI7

Knowledge, aptitudes, and preferences in implant dentistry teaching/training among undergraduate dental students at the University of Barcelona.

Knowledge, aptitudes, and preferences in implant dentistry teaching/training among undergraduate dental students at the University of Barcelona.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Sánchez-Garcés MA, Berástegui-Jimeno E, Gay-Escoda C

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Oral implant rehabilitation should be considered a treatment option for any edentulous patient and Implant Dentistry is currently a discipline taught in the undergraduate formation. The level of knowledge acquired and how the students perceive the quality of training in Implant Dentistry could assess to know if it is necessary to improve the syllabus.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire was developed with 11 questions: Basic knowledge (7); Perception of training received (2); Ways in which students would receive training (2). To be responded anonymously and voluntarily for undergraduates students in the Faculty of Dentistry (University of Barcelona, Spain).
RESULTS: One hundred and seven students, 76 third year (Group A) and 31 fourth year (Group B) answered the questionnaire. In Group A, 98.68% of students and in Group B 93.54% believed they were poorly informed; 100% of both groups would prefer to receive more training as part of the degree or as postgraduate training through modular courses imparted by experts (A: 71,05%, B: 70,96%) Training through postgraduate programs or training given by private businesses were the least desirable options (A: 42%, B: 64.51%). Questions about basic knowledge acquired received varying responses, which might indicate a certain level of confusion in this area.
CONCLUSIONS: The undergraduate syllabus must be revised to include sufficient content and training to allow the student to indicate implant-based treatments based on evidence. Students would prefer training to be included in the undergraduate syllabus.

PMID: 28578375 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2rF8O1B

In vitro comparison of primary stability of two implant designs in D3 bone.

In vitro comparison of primary stability of two implant designs in D3 bone.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: González-Serrano J, Ortega-Aranegui R, López-Quiles J

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Primary stability (PS) is a key factor for implant survival rate and depends on implant design or bone quality. The aim of this study was to compare different thread designs implants, evaluating PS with periotest values (PV) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values through resonance frequency analysis (RFA).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 60 implants (Radhex®, Inmet-Garnick S.A., Guadalajara, Spain) were placed in freshly bovine ribs in vitro. Two designs were used: 30 tapered body with single thread design (PHI) and 30 tapered body with double thread design implants (PHIA). Both designs were 4mm wide and 12mm long. Implants were placed according to manufacturer's guidelines. Osstell™ and Periotest® devices were used to evaluate PS by a blinded independent observer. Computed tomographies (CTs) of the ribs were made (BrightSpeed Series CT systems, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) and bone quality surrounding each implant was evaluated in Hounsfield Units (HU) using Ez3D Plus software (Vatech Co., Korea). Bone quality was classified according to Misch and Kircos in D1, D2, D3 or D4.
RESULTS: All implants were mechanically stable. Only implants placed in D3 bone (350-850 HU) were selected for the study: 28 PHI and 26 PHIA. The one way ANOVA showed significant difference (p < 0.005) among two implants designs in ISQ values (61,55 ± 6,67 in PHI and 68,94 ± 5,82 in PHIA). No significant difference (p = 0,171) was shown in PV between two designs (-4,47 ± 1,39 in PHI and -4,77 ± 0,87 in PHIA).
CONCLUSIONS: Higher PS was found using Osstell™ device in implants with double thread design (PHIA) in comparison to implants with single thread design (PHI) in D3 bone.

PMID: 28578374 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2qVrL3d

Assessment of time intervals in the pathway to oral cancer diagnosis in north-westerm Spain. Relative contribution of patient interval.

Assessment of time intervals in the pathway to oral cancer diagnosis in north-westerm Spain. Relative contribution of patient interval.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Varela-Centelles P, López-Cedrún JL, Fernández-Santromán J, Álvarez-Nóvoa P, Luaces-Rey R, Pombo-Castro MJ, López-Jornet MP, Seoane J

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite continuous advances in diagnosis and therapy, oral cancers are mostly diagnosed at advanced stages with minor survival improvements in the last two decades. Both phenomena have been attributed to delays in the diagnosis. This study aims at quantifying the time elapsed until definitive diagnosis in these patients and the patient interval's contribution.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A hospital-based, ambispective, observational study was undertaken on incident cases with a pathological diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma recruited during 2015 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery services of CHUAC (A Coruña) and POVISA (Vigo) hospitals.
RESULTS: 74 consecutive oral cancer patients (59.5% males; median age: 65.0 years (IQ:57-74)) were studied. Most cases (52.7%; n=39) were at advanced stages (TNM III-IV) at diagnosis. The period since first sign/symptom until the patient seeks health care was the longest interval in the pathway to diagnosis and treatment (median: 31.5 days; IQR= 7.0 - 61.0) and represents >60% of the interval since symptom onset until referral to specialised care (pre-referral interval). The average interval assigned to the patient resulted to be relatively larger than the time elapsed since the patient is seen at primary care until a definitive diagnosis is reached (diagnostic interval). Median of the referral interval for primary care professionals: 6.5 days (IQR= 0.0 - 49.2) and accounts for 35% (19% - 51%) of the diagnostic interval.
CONCLUSIONS: The patient interval is the main component of the pathway to treatment since the detection of a bodily change until the definitive diagnosis. Therefore, strategies focused on risk groups to shorten this interval should be implemented in order to ease an early diagnosis of symptomatic oral cancer.

PMID: 28578373 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2rFcalr

Mandibular advancement devices vs nasal-continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea. Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mandibular advancement devices vs nasal-continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea. Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Cammaroto G, Galletti C, Galletti F, Galletti B, Galletti C, Gay-Escoda C

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disorder that may affect at least 2 to 4% of the adult population. Nasal-Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (N-CPAP) is today considered the gold standard for the treatment of OSA. The development of oral appliances (OAs) represents a new approach for the management of this pathology. The aim of this systematic review is to compare the efficacy of OAs and N-CPAP in the treatment of patients with mild to severe OSA.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A PubMed-MEDLINE and Cochrane databases search of articles published between 1982 and 2016 comparing the effect of N-CPAP and OAs in OSA patients was conducted during July 2016. The studies were selected and stratified according to PRISMA and SORT criteria. The main outcome measure was post-treatment Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index (AHI) while secondary outcomes included post-treatment Epworth Score Scale (ESS) score and lowest Oxygen Saturation level.
RESULTS: N-CPAP was significantly more effective in suppressing AHI than OA. Moreover, N- CPAP was significantly more effective in increasing post-treatment lowest Oxygen Saturation level than OA. However, no significant different in decreasing ESS values was found between the two treatments.
CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of evidence in this review it would appear appropriate to offer OA therapy to those who are unwilling or unable to persist with CPAP therapy. N-CPAP still must be considered the gold standard treatment for OSA and, therefore, OAs may be included in the list of alternative options.

PMID: 28578372 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2qUY5mV

Oral health and systemic inflammatory, cardiac and nitroxid biomarkers in hemodialysis patients.

Oral health and systemic inflammatory, cardiac and nitroxid biomarkers in hemodialysis patients.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Cotič J, Ferran M, Karišik J, Jerin A, Pussinen PJ, Nemec A, Pavlica Z, Buturović-Ponikvar J, Petelin M

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Periodontal diseases have systemic inflammatory effects and have been adversely associated with cardiovascular diseases, which are also the most frequent cause of death in the end-stage renal disease. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the oral health and serum biomarkers among the hemodialysis (HD) patients in Slovenia.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: 111 HD patients were periodontally examined and their sera were assayed for C reactive protein (CRP), cardiac troponin T (TnT), nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and antibody levels to A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. The association of oral health with systemic response was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test, Fisher's exact test and multivariate linear regression.
RESULTS: Bleeding on probing without periodontal pockets was present in 5.2%, calculus without periodontal pockets in 42.1%, shallow periodontal pockets in 39.5% and deep periodontal pockets in 13.2% of dentate patients. There were 28.8% edentulous participants. 63.1% of the patients had CRP levels higher than 3 mg/L and 34.2% higher than 10 mg/L. TnT was detectable in all participants, with 25.2% exhibiting levels higher than 100 ng/L. The median level of NOx was 43.1 µmol/L. Participants with higher CRP were more likely to be edentulous and have higher TnT levels. A direct association of oral health with TnT or NOx was not detected.
CONCLUSIONS: HD patients in Slovenia have compromised oral health and increased serum inflammatory and cardiac biomarkers. Edentulousness was an independent predictor for the increased CRP, indicating a need for improved dental care to retain the teeth as long as possible.

PMID: 28578371 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2rF4T5d

What is the frequency of anatomical variations and pathological findings in maxillary sinuses among patients subjected to maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography? A systematic review.

What is the frequency of anatomical variations and pathological findings in maxillary sinuses among patients subjected to maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography? A systematic review.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Ata-Ali J, Diago-Vilalta JV, Melo M, Bagán L, Soldini MC, Di-Nardo C, Ata-Ali F, Mañes-Ferrer JF

Abstract
BACKGROUND: When considering dental implant rehabilitation in atrophic posterior sectors, the maxillary sinuses must be evaluated in detail. Knowledge of the anatomical variations and of the potential lesions found in these structures conditions the outcome of sinus lift procedures and therefore of the dental implants. A systematic review is made to determine the frequency of anatomical variations and pathological findings in maxillary sinuses among patients subjected to cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A PubMed (MEDLINE) literature search was made of articles published up until 20 December 2015. The systematic review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). The quality of the studies included in the review was assessed using the Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies (MINORS).
RESULTS: The combinations of search terms resulted in a list of 3482 titles. Twenty-three studies finally met the inclusion criteria and were entered in the systematic review, comprising a total of 11,971 patients. The most common anatomical variations were pneumatization and sinus septa. The prevalence of maxillary sinus disease ranged from 7.5% to 66%. The most common pathological findings of the maxillary sinus were mucosal thickening, sinusitis and sinus opacification.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the main indication of CBCT of the maxillary sinus in dentistry is sinus floor elevation/treatment planning and evaluation prior to dental implant placement, this imaging modality is increasingly also used for endodontic and periodontal purposes. There is no consensus regarding the cutoff point beyond which mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus should be regarded as pathological, and the definition of maxillary sinusitis moreover varies greatly in the scientific literature. In this regard, international consensus is required in relation to these concepts, with a clear distinction between healthy and diseased maxillary sinuses.

PMID: 28578369 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2rFigSK

Accuracy of cotinine serum test to detect the smoking habit and its association with periodontal disease in a multicenter study.

Accuracy of cotinine serum test to detect the smoking habit and its association with periodontal disease in a multicenter study.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Duque A, Martínez PJ, Giraldo A, Gualtero DF, Ardila CM, Contreras A, Duarte S, Lafaurie GI

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The validity of the surveys on self-reported smoking status is often questioned because smokers underestimate cigarette use and deny the habit. It has been suggested that self-report should be accompanied by cotinine test. This report evaluates the usefulness of serum cotinine test to assess the association between smoking and periodontal status in a study with a large sample population to be used in studies with other serum markers in epidemiologic and periodontal medicine researches.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: 578 patients who were part of a multicenter study on blood biomarkers were evaluated about smoking and its relation to periodontal disease. Severity of periodontal disease was determinate using clinical attachment loss (CAL). Smoking was assessed by a questionnaire and a blood sample drawn for serum cotinine determination.
RESULTS: The optimal cut-off point for serum cotinine was 10 ng/ml. Serum cotinine showed greater association with severity of CAL than self-report for mild-moderate CAL [OR 2.03 (CI95% 1.16-3.53) vs. OR 1.08 (CI95% 0.62-1.87) ] advanced periodontitis [OR 2.36 (CI95% 1.30- 4.31) vs. OR 2.06 (CI95% 0.97-4.38) ] and extension of CAL > 3 mm [ OR 1.78 (CI95% 1.16-1.71) vs. 1.37 (CI95% 0.89-2.11)]. When the two tests were evaluated together were not shown to be better than serum cotinine test.
CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported smoking and serum cotinine test ≥ 10ng/ml are accurate ,complementary and more reliable methods to assess the patient's smoking status and could be used in studies evaluating serum samples in large population and multicenter studies.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The serum cotinine level is more reliable to make associations with the patient's periodontal status than self-report questionnaire and could be used in multicenter and periodontal medicine studies.

PMID: 28578367 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2rEZCug

Endoscopic endonasal management of esthesioneuroblastoma: A retrospective multicenter study

The aim of the present study was to illustrate the safety and utility of the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for the treatment of esthesioneuroblastomas (ENB).

http://ift.tt/2qVO0Ge

Functional and phenotypic analysis of basophils allows determining distinct subtypes in patients with chronic urticaria

Abstract

Background

Chronic urticaria (CU) is a frequent skin disease characterized by relapsing appearance of pruritic hives. While clinical symptoms are due to the release of histamine by cutaneous mast cells, the underlying pathophysiology is still unknown. However, previous studies indicate that basophils might be of relevance. Besides, the occurrence of autoantibodies against IgE or its receptor, FcεRI, and the therapeutic efficacy of anti-IgE antibodies imply that IgE-mediated mechanisms also play an important role in CU.

Methods

Reactivity of CU patients' peripheral blood basophils (n=60) to specific anti-FcεRI and IgE-independent fMLP stimulation was determined by basophil activation test in comparison to patients suffering from IgE-mediated allergic rhinitis (n=10) and healthy controls (n=10). In addition, immunoglobulin receptor (FcεRI, FcγRII) expression and surface bound antibodies (IgE, IgG) were quantified on basophils. Furthermore, the autoreactive capacity of CU sera was evaluated and urticaria-related symptoms were assessed by both UCT and CU-Q₂oL.

Results

Stimulating CU patients' basophils via FcεRI, we identified three distinct immunological phenotypes. One subgroup of patients' basophils reacted to FcεRI stimulation, whereas the others had anti-FcεRI non-reactive basophils. Among the latter a subgroup with pronounced basopenia was identified. Of note, this group was characterized by augmented serum-induced basophil activation, increased levels of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and also exhibited the strongest disease impact on their quality of life.

Conclusions

CU patients can be categorized into three immunological subgroups based on their basophil reactivity and frequency. These phenotypes are associated with different clinical characteristics, pointing to basophils as important players in CU pathophysiology.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2r05wUM

Endoscopic endonasal management of esthesioneuroblastoma: A retrospective multicenter study

The aim of the present study was to illustrate the safety and utility of the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for the treatment of esthesioneuroblastomas (ENB).

http://ift.tt/2qVO0Ge

Comparison of two skin imaging analysis instruments: The VISIA® from Canfield vs the ANTERA 3D®CS from Miravex

Abstract

Background

The skin imaging analysis instruments are widely used to record and measure the surface and subsurface skin conditions. The main aim of this study is to reveal the differences and correlations in measuring wrinkle, skin texture, coloration/evenness, vascular features, and pore between two commercially available instruments.

Methods

Twenty-eight subjects were enrolled in the study. A 2*2 cm cardboard was used to make sure the two instruments analyze the same area. Pictures were taken and analyzed by the VISIA^® from Canfield and the ANTERA 3D^® CS from Miravex, in sequence.

Results

The spot, ultraviolet spot, brown spot, red area, texture values measured with VISIA^® were positively correlated with age, while the pore and wrinkle values showed no significance. The wrinkle, texture, melanin, hemoglobin, pore index, pore volume values measured with ANTERA 3D^® had a significantly positive correlation with age. The spot, brown spot values from VISIA^® were positively correlated with the melanin value from ANTERA 3D^®. Texture value measured with the two instruments revealed positive linear correlation. Strong correlation was found between the red area value from VISIA^®and the hemoglobin value from ANTERA 3D^®. Ultraviolet spot from VISIA^® showed no linear correlation with the melanin value from ANTERA 3D^®. Neither of the wrinkle and pore measured with the two instruments showed linear correlation.

Conclusions

ANTERA 3D^® relies on multidirectional illumination obtained by LEDs of different wavelengths from different directions which make it advanced at the qualitative evaluation of various dermatologic conditions. Compared with VISIA^®, ANTERA 3D^® is more sensitive in the assessment of wrinkle and it may also be available to evaluate the aging-related enlarged pore.

http://ift.tt/2rYDwpH

A Diagnostic Accuracy Meta-analysis of CT and MRI for the Evaluation of Small Bowel Crohn Disease

Publication date: Available online 5 June 2017
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Wenhong Liu, Jincai Liu, Wenlian Xiao, Guanghua Luo
Rationale and ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) in assessing small bowel (SB) Crohn disease (CD).Materials and MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Karger, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, and Springer for studies in which CT or MRI were evaluated to assess SB CD. Bivariate random effect meta-analytic methods were used to estimate pooled sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic curves. Diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) in a per-patient–based analysis were estimated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was also calculated to measure the diagnostic accuracy.ResultsTwenty-one studies involving 913 patients were included in this meta-analysis. There was no significant difference observed between modalities. The diagnostic performances (lnDOR) for CT and MRI also showed no significant difference. Subgroup analysis was performed for MR imaging (MR enteroclysis, MR enterography, and CT enterography). The diagnostic performances (lnDOR) for MR enteroclysis, MR enterography, and CT enterography did not show a significant difference among them. No significant difference was found between these techniques. Deeks funnel plot asymmetry test for publication bias showed that no significant publication bias was observed in this analysis.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis suggests that both MRI and CT have high diagnostic accuracy in detecting SB CD. MRI has the potential to be the first-line radiation-free modality for SB CD imaging.



http://ift.tt/2sy2F7E

Uncommon oral manifestation of lichen sclerosus: critical analysis of cases reported from 1957 to 2016.

Uncommon oral manifestation of lichen sclerosus: critical analysis of cases reported from 1957 to 2016.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Tomo S, Santos IS, de Queiroz SA, Bernabé DG, Simonato LE, Miyahara GI

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lichen sclerosus is a mucocutaneous autoimmune disease which might be initiated by infectious pathogens as Borrelia Bugrdorferi and HPV. This disease shows destructive potential and is rarely diagnosed in oral mucosa. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the characteristics of cases described in literature from 1957 to 2016, looking to provide valuable evidence about clinicopathologic features of this disease.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A MedLine search was performed aiming to find oral lichen sclerosus cases in literature and discuss its demographical and pathological characteristics as well as treatment methods performed for these cases.
RESULTS: 34 oral lichen sclerosus cases with histological confirmation and one clinicopathologic study linked with this disease were found in literature. Oral lichen sclerosus affected most commonly female patients, were asymptomatic and not associated to skin or genital lesions. Furthermore, affected patients in a range of 7 - 70-years old (Average age = 31.81).
CONCLUSIONS: Oral lichen sclerosus is a rare pathologic process with slight predilection for prepubertal girls, for which topical corticosterois have demonstrated satisfactory therapeutic value.

PMID: 28578370 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2qVBars

Letter to Editor: Support to the Spanish language, from Oral Medicine.

Letter to Editor: Support to the Spanish language, from Oral Medicine.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Chimenos-Küstner E

Abstract
In the form of a letter to the director, the author provides linguistic comments related to Spanish. He draws attention to some often misused words and suggests some expressions that may improve the use of the Spanish language in scientific texts.

PMID: 28578376 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2qVRCI7

Knowledge, aptitudes, and preferences in implant dentistry teaching/training among undergraduate dental students at the University of Barcelona.

Knowledge, aptitudes, and preferences in implant dentistry teaching/training among undergraduate dental students at the University of Barcelona.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Sánchez-Garcés MA, Berástegui-Jimeno E, Gay-Escoda C

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Oral implant rehabilitation should be considered a treatment option for any edentulous patient and Implant Dentistry is currently a discipline taught in the undergraduate formation. The level of knowledge acquired and how the students perceive the quality of training in Implant Dentistry could assess to know if it is necessary to improve the syllabus.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire was developed with 11 questions: Basic knowledge (7); Perception of training received (2); Ways in which students would receive training (2). To be responded anonymously and voluntarily for undergraduates students in the Faculty of Dentistry (University of Barcelona, Spain).
RESULTS: One hundred and seven students, 76 third year (Group A) and 31 fourth year (Group B) answered the questionnaire. In Group A, 98.68% of students and in Group B 93.54% believed they were poorly informed; 100% of both groups would prefer to receive more training as part of the degree or as postgraduate training through modular courses imparted by experts (A: 71,05%, B: 70,96%) Training through postgraduate programs or training given by private businesses were the least desirable options (A: 42%, B: 64.51%). Questions about basic knowledge acquired received varying responses, which might indicate a certain level of confusion in this area.
CONCLUSIONS: The undergraduate syllabus must be revised to include sufficient content and training to allow the student to indicate implant-based treatments based on evidence. Students would prefer training to be included in the undergraduate syllabus.

PMID: 28578375 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2rF8O1B

In vitro comparison of primary stability of two implant designs in D3 bone.

In vitro comparison of primary stability of two implant designs in D3 bone.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: González-Serrano J, Ortega-Aranegui R, López-Quiles J

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Primary stability (PS) is a key factor for implant survival rate and depends on implant design or bone quality. The aim of this study was to compare different thread designs implants, evaluating PS with periotest values (PV) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values through resonance frequency analysis (RFA).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 60 implants (Radhex®, Inmet-Garnick S.A., Guadalajara, Spain) were placed in freshly bovine ribs in vitro. Two designs were used: 30 tapered body with single thread design (PHI) and 30 tapered body with double thread design implants (PHIA). Both designs were 4mm wide and 12mm long. Implants were placed according to manufacturer's guidelines. Osstell™ and Periotest® devices were used to evaluate PS by a blinded independent observer. Computed tomographies (CTs) of the ribs were made (BrightSpeed Series CT systems, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) and bone quality surrounding each implant was evaluated in Hounsfield Units (HU) using Ez3D Plus software (Vatech Co., Korea). Bone quality was classified according to Misch and Kircos in D1, D2, D3 or D4.
RESULTS: All implants were mechanically stable. Only implants placed in D3 bone (350-850 HU) were selected for the study: 28 PHI and 26 PHIA. The one way ANOVA showed significant difference (p < 0.005) among two implants designs in ISQ values (61,55 ± 6,67 in PHI and 68,94 ± 5,82 in PHIA). No significant difference (p = 0,171) was shown in PV between two designs (-4,47 ± 1,39 in PHI and -4,77 ± 0,87 in PHIA).
CONCLUSIONS: Higher PS was found using Osstell™ device in implants with double thread design (PHIA) in comparison to implants with single thread design (PHI) in D3 bone.

PMID: 28578374 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2qVrL3d

Assessment of time intervals in the pathway to oral cancer diagnosis in north-westerm Spain. Relative contribution of patient interval.

Assessment of time intervals in the pathway to oral cancer diagnosis in north-westerm Spain. Relative contribution of patient interval.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Varela-Centelles P, López-Cedrún JL, Fernández-Santromán J, Álvarez-Nóvoa P, Luaces-Rey R, Pombo-Castro MJ, López-Jornet MP, Seoane J

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite continuous advances in diagnosis and therapy, oral cancers are mostly diagnosed at advanced stages with minor survival improvements in the last two decades. Both phenomena have been attributed to delays in the diagnosis. This study aims at quantifying the time elapsed until definitive diagnosis in these patients and the patient interval's contribution.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A hospital-based, ambispective, observational study was undertaken on incident cases with a pathological diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma recruited during 2015 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery services of CHUAC (A Coruña) and POVISA (Vigo) hospitals.
RESULTS: 74 consecutive oral cancer patients (59.5% males; median age: 65.0 years (IQ:57-74)) were studied. Most cases (52.7%; n=39) were at advanced stages (TNM III-IV) at diagnosis. The period since first sign/symptom until the patient seeks health care was the longest interval in the pathway to diagnosis and treatment (median: 31.5 days; IQR= 7.0 - 61.0) and represents >60% of the interval since symptom onset until referral to specialised care (pre-referral interval). The average interval assigned to the patient resulted to be relatively larger than the time elapsed since the patient is seen at primary care until a definitive diagnosis is reached (diagnostic interval). Median of the referral interval for primary care professionals: 6.5 days (IQR= 0.0 - 49.2) and accounts for 35% (19% - 51%) of the diagnostic interval.
CONCLUSIONS: The patient interval is the main component of the pathway to treatment since the detection of a bodily change until the definitive diagnosis. Therefore, strategies focused on risk groups to shorten this interval should be implemented in order to ease an early diagnosis of symptomatic oral cancer.

PMID: 28578373 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2rFcalr

Mandibular advancement devices vs nasal-continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea. Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mandibular advancement devices vs nasal-continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea. Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Cammaroto G, Galletti C, Galletti F, Galletti B, Galletti C, Gay-Escoda C

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disorder that may affect at least 2 to 4% of the adult population. Nasal-Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (N-CPAP) is today considered the gold standard for the treatment of OSA. The development of oral appliances (OAs) represents a new approach for the management of this pathology. The aim of this systematic review is to compare the efficacy of OAs and N-CPAP in the treatment of patients with mild to severe OSA.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A PubMed-MEDLINE and Cochrane databases search of articles published between 1982 and 2016 comparing the effect of N-CPAP and OAs in OSA patients was conducted during July 2016. The studies were selected and stratified according to PRISMA and SORT criteria. The main outcome measure was post-treatment Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index (AHI) while secondary outcomes included post-treatment Epworth Score Scale (ESS) score and lowest Oxygen Saturation level.
RESULTS: N-CPAP was significantly more effective in suppressing AHI than OA. Moreover, N- CPAP was significantly more effective in increasing post-treatment lowest Oxygen Saturation level than OA. However, no significant different in decreasing ESS values was found between the two treatments.
CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of evidence in this review it would appear appropriate to offer OA therapy to those who are unwilling or unable to persist with CPAP therapy. N-CPAP still must be considered the gold standard treatment for OSA and, therefore, OAs may be included in the list of alternative options.

PMID: 28578372 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2qUY5mV

Oral health and systemic inflammatory, cardiac and nitroxid biomarkers in hemodialysis patients.

Oral health and systemic inflammatory, cardiac and nitroxid biomarkers in hemodialysis patients.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Cotič J, Ferran M, Karišik J, Jerin A, Pussinen PJ, Nemec A, Pavlica Z, Buturović-Ponikvar J, Petelin M

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Periodontal diseases have systemic inflammatory effects and have been adversely associated with cardiovascular diseases, which are also the most frequent cause of death in the end-stage renal disease. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the oral health and serum biomarkers among the hemodialysis (HD) patients in Slovenia.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: 111 HD patients were periodontally examined and their sera were assayed for C reactive protein (CRP), cardiac troponin T (TnT), nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and antibody levels to A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. The association of oral health with systemic response was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test, Fisher's exact test and multivariate linear regression.
RESULTS: Bleeding on probing without periodontal pockets was present in 5.2%, calculus without periodontal pockets in 42.1%, shallow periodontal pockets in 39.5% and deep periodontal pockets in 13.2% of dentate patients. There were 28.8% edentulous participants. 63.1% of the patients had CRP levels higher than 3 mg/L and 34.2% higher than 10 mg/L. TnT was detectable in all participants, with 25.2% exhibiting levels higher than 100 ng/L. The median level of NOx was 43.1 µmol/L. Participants with higher CRP were more likely to be edentulous and have higher TnT levels. A direct association of oral health with TnT or NOx was not detected.
CONCLUSIONS: HD patients in Slovenia have compromised oral health and increased serum inflammatory and cardiac biomarkers. Edentulousness was an independent predictor for the increased CRP, indicating a need for improved dental care to retain the teeth as long as possible.

PMID: 28578371 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2rF4T5d

What is the frequency of anatomical variations and pathological findings in maxillary sinuses among patients subjected to maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography? A systematic review.

What is the frequency of anatomical variations and pathological findings in maxillary sinuses among patients subjected to maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography? A systematic review.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Ata-Ali J, Diago-Vilalta JV, Melo M, Bagán L, Soldini MC, Di-Nardo C, Ata-Ali F, Mañes-Ferrer JF

Abstract
BACKGROUND: When considering dental implant rehabilitation in atrophic posterior sectors, the maxillary sinuses must be evaluated in detail. Knowledge of the anatomical variations and of the potential lesions found in these structures conditions the outcome of sinus lift procedures and therefore of the dental implants. A systematic review is made to determine the frequency of anatomical variations and pathological findings in maxillary sinuses among patients subjected to cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A PubMed (MEDLINE) literature search was made of articles published up until 20 December 2015. The systematic review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). The quality of the studies included in the review was assessed using the Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies (MINORS).
RESULTS: The combinations of search terms resulted in a list of 3482 titles. Twenty-three studies finally met the inclusion criteria and were entered in the systematic review, comprising a total of 11,971 patients. The most common anatomical variations were pneumatization and sinus septa. The prevalence of maxillary sinus disease ranged from 7.5% to 66%. The most common pathological findings of the maxillary sinus were mucosal thickening, sinusitis and sinus opacification.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the main indication of CBCT of the maxillary sinus in dentistry is sinus floor elevation/treatment planning and evaluation prior to dental implant placement, this imaging modality is increasingly also used for endodontic and periodontal purposes. There is no consensus regarding the cutoff point beyond which mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus should be regarded as pathological, and the definition of maxillary sinusitis moreover varies greatly in the scientific literature. In this regard, international consensus is required in relation to these concepts, with a clear distinction between healthy and diseased maxillary sinuses.

PMID: 28578369 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2rFigSK

Effect of pre-operatory low-level laser therapy on pain, swelling, and trismus associated with third-molar surgery.

Effect of pre-operatory low-level laser therapy on pain, swelling, and trismus associated with third-molar surgery.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Petrini M, Ferrante M, Trentini P, Perfetti G, Spoto G

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The extraction of impacted third molars is commonly associated to pain, edema, trismus, limited jaw opening and movements. The aim of this retrospective study is to verify if pre-surgical low-level laser therapy (LLLT) associated with the extraction of impacted lower third molars could add benefits to the postoperative symptoms respect LLLT performed only after surgery.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from 45 patients subjected to a surgical extraction of lower third molars were pooled and divided into three groups. Patients that received only routine management were inserted in the control group. Group 1, were patients that received LLLT immediately after surgery and at 24 hours. In group 2 were included patients treated with LLLT immediately before the extraction and immediately after the end of the procedure. Data were analyzed using linear regression and descriptive statistics.
RESULTS: Both laser-treated groups were characterized by minor events of post-surgery complications of pain, edema, trismus. The use of NSAIDs in the first 24 hours was significantly inferior in Group 2.
CONCLUSIONS: Pre-surgical LLLT treatment seems to increase the analgesic effect of LLLT. However, trismus and edema were reduced in both laser treated groups, independently from the period of irradiation.

PMID: 28578368 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2qUY3LP

Accuracy of cotinine serum test to detect the smoking habit and its association with periodontal disease in a multicenter study.

Accuracy of cotinine serum test to detect the smoking habit and its association with periodontal disease in a multicenter study.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Jun 04;:0

Authors: Duque A, Martínez PJ, Giraldo A, Gualtero DF, Ardila CM, Contreras A, Duarte S, Lafaurie GI

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The validity of the surveys on self-reported smoking status is often questioned because smokers underestimate cigarette use and deny the habit. It has been suggested that self-report should be accompanied by cotinine test. This report evaluates the usefulness of serum cotinine test to assess the association between smoking and periodontal status in a study with a large sample population to be used in studies with other serum markers in epidemiologic and periodontal medicine researches.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: 578 patients who were part of a multicenter study on blood biomarkers were evaluated about smoking and its relation to periodontal disease. Severity of periodontal disease was determinate using clinical attachment loss (CAL). Smoking was assessed by a questionnaire and a blood sample drawn for serum cotinine determination.
RESULTS: The optimal cut-off point for serum cotinine was 10 ng/ml. Serum cotinine showed greater association with severity of CAL than self-report for mild-moderate CAL [OR 2.03 (CI95% 1.16-3.53) vs. OR 1.08 (CI95% 0.62-1.87) ] advanced periodontitis [OR 2.36 (CI95% 1.30- 4.31) vs. OR 2.06 (CI95% 0.97-4.38) ] and extension of CAL > 3 mm [ OR 1.78 (CI95% 1.16-1.71) vs. 1.37 (CI95% 0.89-2.11)]. When the two tests were evaluated together were not shown to be better than serum cotinine test.
CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported smoking and serum cotinine test ≥ 10ng/ml are accurate ,complementary and more reliable methods to assess the patient's smoking status and could be used in studies evaluating serum samples in large population and multicenter studies.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The serum cotinine level is more reliable to make associations with the patient's periodontal status than self-report questionnaire and could be used in multicenter and periodontal medicine studies.

PMID: 28578367 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2rEZCug

Combined interventional sialendoscopy and intraductal steroid therapy for recurrent sialadenitis in Sjögren's syndrome. Results of a pilot monocentric trial

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of interventional sialendoscopy alone or combined with outpatient intraductal steroid irrigations in patients with sialoadenitis due to Sjögren's syndrome (SS).

Design

A pilot therapeutic study.

Setting

ENT Clinics, Universities of Milan and Pavia.

Study Population

We included 22 patients with SS of whom 12 underwent interventional sialendoscopy followed by intraductal steroid irrigations (group A), and 10 interventional sialendoscopy alone (group B).

Outcomes measures

The following outcome measures were considered and recorded before and after the therapeutic intervention: (i) number of episodes of glandular swelling, (ii) cumulative prevalence of patients with glandular swelling assessed by the specific domain the EULAR SS Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI); (iii) severity of pain by means of a 0-10 pain visual analogue scale (VAS), (iv) severity of xerostomia and other disease symptoms assessed by the EULAR SS Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI) and the Xerostomia Inventory questionnaire.

Results

The post-operative reduction in the mean number of episodes of glandular swelling was 87% (95% CI: 77-93) and 75% (95% CI: 47-88%) in the group A and B, respectively. The percentage of patients with glandular swelling, decreased from 41.7% to 0.0% in the group A and from 30.0% to 0.0% in the group B, respectively. Most of the patients experienced a subjective clinical improvement documented by the statistically significant reductions in the post-operative mean pain VAS group A p<0.001; group B p=0.004), Xerostomia Inventory p<0.001 and p=0.003), and ESSPRI scores (p<0.001 and p=0.008). Interventional sialendoscopy followed by outpatient intraductal steroid irrigations was more effective than interventional sialendoscopy alone, when pain VAS, Xerostomia Inventory, and ESSPRI scores before and after treatment, were analysed together using the multivariate Hotelling T² test (p=0.0173).

Conclusions

This pilot study confirms that interventional sialendoscopy with steroid duct irrigation significantly reduces the number of painful episodes of sialadenitis, and improves the subjective sensation of oral dryness and other disease symptoms in patients with SS. The study results also suggest that the improvement is greater when interventional sialendoscopy is combined with a cycle of outpatient steroid ductal irrigations. Larger controlled randomised studies are certainly needed to confirm these preliminary data.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2rFcG2R

Combined interventional sialendoscopy and intraductal steroid therapy for recurrent sialadenitis in Sjögren's syndrome. Results of a pilot monocentric trial

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of interventional sialendoscopy alone or combined with outpatient intraductal steroid irrigations in patients with sialoadenitis due to Sjögren's syndrome (SS).

Design

A pilot therapeutic study.

Setting

ENT Clinics, Universities of Milan and Pavia.

Study Population

We included 22 patients with SS of whom 12 underwent interventional sialendoscopy followed by intraductal steroid irrigations (group A), and 10 interventional sialendoscopy alone (group B).

Outcomes measures

The following outcome measures were considered and recorded before and after the therapeutic intervention: (i) number of episodes of glandular swelling, (ii) cumulative prevalence of patients with glandular swelling assessed by the specific domain the EULAR SS Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI); (iii) severity of pain by means of a 0-10 pain visual analogue scale (VAS), (iv) severity of xerostomia and other disease symptoms assessed by the EULAR SS Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI) and the Xerostomia Inventory questionnaire.

Results

The post-operative reduction in the mean number of episodes of glandular swelling was 87% (95% CI: 77-93) and 75% (95% CI: 47-88%) in the group A and B, respectively. The percentage of patients with glandular swelling, decreased from 41.7% to 0.0% in the group A and from 30.0% to 0.0% in the group B, respectively. Most of the patients experienced a subjective clinical improvement documented by the statistically significant reductions in the post-operative mean pain VAS group A p<0.001; group B p=0.004), Xerostomia Inventory p<0.001 and p=0.003), and ESSPRI scores (p<0.001 and p=0.008). Interventional sialendoscopy followed by outpatient intraductal steroid irrigations was more effective than interventional sialendoscopy alone, when pain VAS, Xerostomia Inventory, and ESSPRI scores before and after treatment, were analysed together using the multivariate Hotelling T² test (p=0.0173).

Conclusions

This pilot study confirms that interventional sialendoscopy with steroid duct irrigation significantly reduces the number of painful episodes of sialadenitis, and improves the subjective sensation of oral dryness and other disease symptoms in patients with SS. The study results also suggest that the improvement is greater when interventional sialendoscopy is combined with a cycle of outpatient steroid ductal irrigations. Larger controlled randomised studies are certainly needed to confirm these preliminary data.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2rFcG2R

Association of atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with their urinary metabolites in children and adolescents

Abstract

This study aims to determine the atmospheric concentrations of particulate matter 2.5 (PM_2.5)-bounded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their association with their urinary metabolites in children and adolescents. This study was conducted from October 2014 to March 2016 in Isfahan, Iran. We measured 16 species of PAHs bounded to PM_2.5 by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) from 7 parts of the city. Moreover, PAH urinary metabolites were measured in 186 children and adolescents, randomly selected from households. Urinary metabolites consisted of 1-hydroxy naphthalene (1-naphthol), 2-hydroxy naphthalene (2-naphthol), 9-hydroxy phenanthrene (9-phenanthrol), and 1-hydroxy pyrene using GC/MS. Considering the short half-lives of PAHs, we measured the metabolites twice with 4 to 6 months of time interval. We found that the ambient concentrations of PAHs were significantly associated with their urinary metabolites. 1-hydroxy naphthalene and 2-hydroxy naphthalene concentrations showed an increase of 1.049 (95% CI: 1.030, 1.069) and 1.047 (95% CI: 1.025, 1.066) for each unit increase (1 ng/m³) in ambient naphthalene. Similarly, 1-hydroxy pyrene showed an increase of 1.009 (95% CI: 1.006–1.011) for each unit increase (1 ng/m³) in ambient pyrene concentration after adjustment for body mass index, physical activity level, urinary creatinine, age, and sex. The association of urinary 9-hydroxyphenanthrene and ambient phenantherene was significant in the crude model; however after adjustment for the abovementioned covariates, it was no more significant. We found significant correlations between exposure to ambient PM_2.5-bounded PAHs and their urinary excretion. Considering the adverse health effects of PAHs in the pediatric age group, biomonitoring of PAHs should be underscored; preventive measures need to be intensified.

http://ift.tt/2rF8ekz

Variability of zinc, copper and lead contents in sludge of the municipal stormwater treatment plant

Abstract

Several years of observations enabled us to assess the extent and variability of heavy metal contamination (Zn, Cu and Pb) of the sludge of the municipal stormwater treatment plant (the town of Puławy, Poland). In terms of size (high capacity) and innovation, it is the only facility of this kind in the country. It collects rainwater run-offs from two catchments (separate inlets) with a total area of about 500 ha. The concentration of the analysed metals is characterised by a large spatial and temporal diversity. The reason for this may be differences in the manner and intensity of use of drained surfaces and different hydraulic conditions (of sedimentation) prevailing in the particular treatment devices. The highest pollution was found in sediments in the grit chamber and in the part of the settler from the side of the interceptor supplying sewage, i.e. from the main traffic route of the town (heavy traffic and developed technical infrastructure). The best-quality sludge was retained in the pond for treated wastewater. In the pool of analysed components, the largest share is Zn, which amounts to about 85%. The content of heavy metals limits the possibility of the natural use of sludge from the municipal stormwater treatment plant. In chemical terms, they should be seen as a potentially dangerous waste and undergo remediation.

http://ift.tt/2qVzI8B

Ecotoxicological assessment of pesticides and their combination on rhizospheric microbial community structure and function of Vigna radiata

Abstract

India is one of the leading countries in production and indiscriminate consumption of pesticides. Owing to their xenobiotic nature, pesticides affect soil microorganisms that serve as mediators in plant growth promotion. Our study aimed to deliver a comprehensive picture, by comparing the effects of synthetic pesticides (chlorpyriphos, cypermethrin, and a combination of both) with a biopesticide (azadirachtin) at their recommended field application level (L), and three times the recommended dosage (H) on structure and function of microbial community in rhizosphere of Vigna radiata. Effect on culturable fraction was assessed by enumeration on selective media, while PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was employed to capture total bacterial community diversity. This was followed by a metabolic sketch using community-level physiological profiling (CLPP), to obtain a broader picture of the non-target effects on rhizospheric microbial community. Although plant parameters were not significantly affected by pesticide application, the microbial community structure experienced an undesirable impact as compared to control devoid of pesticide treatment. Examination of DGGE banding patterns through cluster analysis revealed that microbial community structure of pesticide-treated soils had only 70% resemblance to control rhizospheric soil even at 45 days post application. Drastic changes in the metabolic profiles of pesticide-treated soils were also detected in terms of substrate utilization, rhizospheric diversity, and evenness. It is noteworthy that the effects exacerbated by biopesticide were comparable to that of synthetic pesticides, thus emphasizing the significance of ecotoxicological assessments before tagging biopesticides as "safe alternatives."

http://ift.tt/2rF2Q0E

Distribution, sources, and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments from the Haihe River, a typical polluted urban river in Northern China

Abstract

The distribution, sources, and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in surface sediments from the Haihe River. Total PAH concentrations varied from 171.4 to 9511.2 ng g⁻¹ with an average of 2125.4 ng g⁻¹, suggesting serious pollution of the Haihe River in comparison with other reported rivers worldwide. PAH contaminants differed significantly among 17 sampling locations with high values occurring in industrial areas and densely populated areas. The composition of PAHs was characterized by high abundance of 4-ring and 5-ring PAHs, and benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, and benzo[a]pyrene were the predominant components. Molecular diagnostic ratios have confirmed that PAHs in Haihe River sediments resulted from mixed sources, primarily including various combustion processes. Ecological risk assessment using the Sediments Quality Guidelines indicated that PAHs in sediments could cause certain negative effects on aquatic organisms in most survey regions.

http://ift.tt/2qV5fr4

Long-term dynamic characterization of aeolian desertification in northwest Shanxi, China

Abstract

Northwest Shanxi is located on the farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China, where aeolian desertification is one of the most serious environmental and socioeconomic issues. The remote sensing image and geostatistical approach were implemented to estimate aeolian desertified land (ADL) dynamic variations from 1975 to 2015. Results showed that the ADL covered 11,685.21 km² (82.29%) of the study area in 2015, the majority of which was classified as a light or moderate degree. The area of ADL gradually expanded at an increasing rate of 87.37 km² a⁻¹ during the 1975–2000 periods. More specifically, the area of ADL has increased by 1259.23 km² from 1975 to 1990 and by 924.96 km² from 1990 to 2000, respectively. In contrast, spatial transfer of ADL areas has dwindled by 2365.85 km² with a net decrease of 157.72 km² a⁻¹, and the mitigated areas of aeolian desertification were 10,602.24 km² between 2000 and 2015. During the past 40 years, the gravity center of ADL migrated to southeast until 2000 and moved northwest in 2000–2015. From 1975 to 2000, the migration distance of severe ADL was the largest, migrated toward the northwest by 19.03 km in 1975–1990 and by 20.16 km in 1990–2000, respectively. From 2000 to 2015, the migration distance of light ADL was the largest, 27.54 km migrated to the northwest. Aeolian desertification rapidly expanded from 1975 to 2000 under the combination of climate change and intensive human activities. Since the year of 2000, ecological engineering strategy initiated by the governments has been the dominant contributor to the aeolian desertification severity reversal. Aeolian desertification prevention is a complicated process. Both the central and local government should play a critical role in the rehabilitation of ADL in the long term.

http://ift.tt/2rFllCs

Inside Front Cover - Editorial Board Page/Cover image legend if applicable

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volumes 175–176





http://ift.tt/2qRBCmj

Caution Regarding Government-Mandated Shared Decision Making for Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

Author: Coylewright, Megan MD, MPH; Holmes, David R. Jr MD

Page: 2211-2213

http://ift.tt/2sxQMyA

Here Comes Trouble: A Career as a Tobacco Control Activist.

Author: Glantz, Stanton A. PhD; Rutherford, John D. MB ChB

Page: 2214-2217

http://ift.tt/2rYkjEn

Randomized Comparison of Paclitaxel-Eluting Balloon and Stenting Versus Plain Balloon Plus Stenting Versus Directional Atherectomy for Femoral Artery Disease (ISAR-STATH).

Author: Ott, Ilka MD; Cassese, Salvatore MD; Groha, Philipp MD; Steppich, Birgit MD; Hadamitzky, Martin MD; Ibrahim, Tareq MD; Kufner, Sebastian MD; Dewitz, Karl MS; Hiendlmayer, Regina MS; Laugwitz, Karl-Ludwig MD; Schunkert, Heribert MD; Kastrati, Adnan MD; Fusaro, Massimiliano MD

Page: 2218-2226

http://ift.tt/2sxMJlA

Composite End Points in Clinical Research: A Time for Reappraisal.

Author: Armstrong, Paul W. MD; Westerhout, Cynthia M. PhD

Page: 2299-2307

http://ift.tt/2sxQJ5S