Publication date: Available online 7 January 2017
Source:Materials Today
Author(s): Yunchuan Li, Ji-Yan Liu, Yuan-Di Zhao, Yuan-Cheng Cao
Although the organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) encompassing TVs, smartphones, and wearable devices, etc. already have been commercialized, there is still room to pursue material improvements in efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Organic light-emitting materials have experienced the development of the three generation system, it is timely to summary the recent advances and the remaining challenges of the materials as well as their corresponding devices. Special attention is mainly concentrated on describing the blue material structures and related electroluminescence (EL) device performances (the maximum EQE data, Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates, and efficiency roll-off). This short review will show the current governing hotspots concerning OLEDs in academic fields, which may pave the way for next step of industrial application.
http://ift.tt/2i67imk
Σάββατο 7 Ιανουαρίου 2017
Recent advancements of high efficient donor–acceptor type blue small molecule applied for OLEDs
On Maxwell's displacement current for energy and sensors: the origin of nanogenerators
Publication date: Available online 7 January 2017
Source:Materials Today
Author(s): Zhong Lin Wang
Self-powered system is a system that can sustainably operate without an external power supply for sensing, detection, data processing and data transmission. Nanogenerators were first developed for self-powered systems based on piezoelectric effect and triboelectrification effect for converting tiny mechanical energy into electricity, which have applications in internet of things, environmental/infrastructural monitoring, medical science and security. In this paper, we present the fundamental theory of the nanogenerators starting from the Maxwell equations. In the Maxwell's displacement current, the first term ε0∂E∂t gives the birth of electromagnetic wave, which is the foundation of wireless communication, radar and later the information technology. Our study indicates that the second term ∂P∂t in the Maxwell's displacement current is directly related to the output electric current of the nanogenerator, meaning that our nanogenerators are the applications of Maxwell's displacement current in energy and sensors. By contrast, electromagnetic generators are built based on Lorentz force driven flow of free electrons in a conductor. This study presents the similarity and differences between pieozoelectric nanogenerator and triboelectric nanogenerator, as well as the classical electromagnetic generator, so that the impact and uniqueness of the nanogenerators can be clearly understood. We also present the three major applications of nanogenerators as micro/nano-power source, self-powered sensors and blue energy.
http://ift.tt/2jgQuq6
Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Residual Chemorefractory Primary Mediastinal Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumour after Surgical Thoracotomy
Publication date: Available online 7 January 2017
Source:Practical Radiation Oncology
Author(s): Philippe Laflamme, Cédric Doucet, Christian Sirois, Neil Kopek, Marie Vanhuyse
http://ift.tt/2iVCnu5
Effect of reduction mammoplasty on acute radiation side effects and use of lumpectomy cavity boosts
Publication date: Available online 7 January 2017
Source:Practical Radiation Oncology
Author(s): Jolinta Y. Lin, Rachel Bluebond-Langner, Enid Choi, Sally Cheston, Elizabeth M. Nichols, Randi J. Cohen, Soren M. Bentzen, Cynthia Drogula, Susan Kesmodel, Emily Bellavance, Paula Rosenblatt, Katherine Tkaczuk, Sheri Slezak, Steven J. Feigenberg
PurposeReduction mammoplasty (RM) during breast-conserving surgery is popular among women with large-volume breasts, because it reduces redundant breast folds and may decrease skin-related morbidity from radiation therapy. However, RM may obscure the lumpectomy cavity (LC) and pose challenges to administering a LC boost, potentially affecting local control. We investigated the impact of RM on acute side effects and use of LC boosts.MethodsThe records of 645 consecutive women treated with whole-breast irradiation at an urban university and 2 community practices from January 2012–December 2014 were reviewed on an Institutional Review Board–approved study. The primary endpoint was ≥grade 3 radiation dermatitis; the secondary endpoint was use of LC boost. Student two-sample t tests, Pearson χ2 tests, Fisher's exact tests, and univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsForty-three (7%) RMs were performed in 650 treated breasts. No significant differences in grade 3 toxicities were identified among RM and non-RM patients. LC boost was delivered to 474 breasts. Fewer (16/43) RM patients received LC boosts compared to non-RM patients (458/607), P=0.0001. RM patients were more likely to have neoadjuvant chemotherapy, stage III or multifocal disease, higher body mass index, larger planning treatment volumes, and conventional fractionation (P<0.05).ConclusionsRM was associated with decreased use of LC boost without significant differences in acute toxicities. Further investigation to delineate LCs in patients undergoing RM or identify alternative strategies for delivering LC dose is needed.
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Early Outcomes of Uveal Melanomas Treated Using Modern Biopsy Techniques and Intraoperative Ultrasound Guidance: Local Tumor Control and Systemic Outcomes
Publication date: Available online 7 January 2017
Source:Practical Radiation Oncology
Author(s): Anne W. Tann, Bin S. Teh, Sarah B. Scarboro, Gary D. Lewis, Maria E. Bretana, Porshea C. Croft, Yuval Raizen, E. Brian Butler, Ryan S. Kim, Patricia Chevez-Barrios, Amy C. Schefler
PurposeTo report early outcomes of patients with uveal melanoma treated with Eye Physics iodine-125 episcleral plaque therapy using modern biopsy techniques and intraoperative ultrasound guidance at our institution.Methods and MaterialsA retrospective chart review was conducted for 48 consecutive uveal melanoma patients who were treated with Eye Physics plaque brachytherapy performed by one ocular oncologist. All patients underwent intraoperative ultrasound for image guidance of plaque placement. A dose of 85Gy was prescribed to the apical height of the tumor or 5mm from the inner sclera, whichever was greater. Forty-five patients underwent biopsy. Visual acuity, complication data, and recurrence rates were recorded.ResultsMedian age at presentation was 63.0years (range 19–86years). Median follow-up was 21.6months. Median tumor apical height was 3.3mm (range 1.8–11.5mm). Median dose at apex for tumor height>5mm was 85.0Gy and 142.5Gy for tumor height≤5mm. Mean percent decrease in tumor height from baseline at 12, 24, and 36months was 39.6%, 51.8%, and 53.8%, respectively. At 24months, 19/23 (82.6%) patients maintained vision within 3 lines of baseline visual acuity. Twelve patients developed radiation retinopathy; 6 of whom were treated with anti-VEGF therapy in the context of a clinical trial. No patients to date have local failure. Three patients are alive with confirmed hepatic metastases.ConclusionWe reported 0% early local failure rate and steady reduction in tumor height in 48 patients with uveal melanoma, ranging from small to large size, who were treated with Eye Physics iodine-125 episcleral plaque therapy using intraoperative ultrasound guidance. This promising result emphasizes the importance of image guided brachytherapy (IGB) with intraoperative ultrasound at the time of plaque placement.
http://ift.tt/2iVwixS
Association of an individual's ability to overcome desire to fall asleep with a higher anterior-posterior gradient in electroencephalographic indexes of sleep pressure
Source:International Journal of Psychophysiology
Author(s): Arcady A. Putilov, Olga G. Donskaya
Individual differences in ability to overcome desire to fall asleep cannot be accurately predicted from subjective and objective measurements of sleepiness level. Previously, we showed that an exponential buildup of sleep pressure during prolonged wakefulness can be accurately traced with electroencephalographic (EEG) indexes, such as Spectral Sleep Pressure Component (SSPC) score and score on the 2nd principal component (2PC) of the EEG spectrum. The anterior-posterior gradients in SSPC and 2PC scores were calculated as the differences between frontal and occipital scores and examined as possible correlates of individual's ability to overcome desire of falling asleep. Fifteen young and 15 older adults participated in two identically designed sleep deprivation experiments. After, at least, 12hours of wakefulness, resting EEG recordings were obtained from frontal and occipital derivations with 2-h intervals during 26–50hours. Due to irresistible desire to sleep, 11 young and 5 older adults completed <25 required EEG recordings. SSPC and 2PC scores were computed and, by subtracting occipital scores from frontal scores, the anterior-posterior gradients in SSPC and 2PC scores were calculated on one-min intervals of 5-min eyes closed EEG records. The analysis of these anterior-posterior gradients revealed their age-related difference and association with the number of completed EEG recording sessions (13–25). This association remained significant after accounting for age, alertness-sleepiness level, minute of eyes closed recording, and day of experiment. It seems that the anterior-posterior gradients in the EEG indexes of sleep pressure are the objective correlates of individual's ability to overcome desire to fall asleep.
http://ift.tt/2iq3CJA
Instructions to Suppress Semantic Memory Enhances or has no effect on P300 in a Concealed Information Test (CIT)
Source:International Journal of Psychophysiology
Author(s): J. Peter Rosenfeld, Anne Ward, Jesse Drapekin, Elena Labkovsky, Samuel Tullman
The present study investigated the extent to which people can suppress semantic memory as indexed with the P300 ERP and the autobiographical implicit association test (aIAT). In EXP 1, participants (22) were run in a counterbalanced repeated measures study in both simply knowledgeable (SK) and knowledgeable with suppression (SP) conditions. A P300-based, concealed information test ("Complex Trial Protocol"; CTP) with a 50/50 Target/Nontarget (T/NT) ratio was given both with and without instructions to suppress semantic memories.The results showed increased P300s to probe name stimuli, reduced (but still high positive) aIAT d-scores, and increased simple reaction times to all stimuli used in ERP tests in the SP condition. EXP 2 was similar, but with SP and SK in two separate groups, and a 20/80T/NT ratio. Again, ERP and aIAT results failed to show a suppression effect for semantic memory. The behavioral data suggest some task demand effects under suppression instructions, and that EXP 1 was more demanding than EXP 2.
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Integrative Cardiopulmonary Ultrasound for Interstitial Lung Disease Assessment: Correlation between Lung Ultrasound Performance and Cardiac Involvement
Source:Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
Author(s): Wei-Wei Zhu, Yi-Dan Li, Hong Li, Xiu-Zhang Lu, Ling-Yun Kong, Xiao-Guang Ye, Qi-Zhe Cai, Lan-Lan Sun, Wei Jiang, Li Wang
The aims of this study were to apply integrative cardiopulmonary ultrasound (thoracic ultrasound) to the evaluation of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and to determine the relationship between lung ultrasound signs and echocardiographic parameters such as systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) and various right ventricular parameters. ILD patients and healthy controls underwent lung ultrasound (LUS) and echocardiographic tests. In addition to traditional echocardiographic parameters, right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain (RVLS_FW) was measured using 2-D speckle-tracking echocardiography. The degree of pulmonary fibrosis or the disease severity of each ILD patient was scored with a semiquantitative scoring method, taking into account multiple LUS signs. Statistical analyses were performed to compare various parameters between ILD patients with and those without pulmonary hypertension. Correlations between the different parameters were then evaluated, and the LUS scores were used to predict pulmonary hypertension using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Among the 90 patients who qualified for entry into this study, 30% (n = 27) had pulmonary hypertension. The patients with pulmonary hypertension had larger right ventricular dimensions, lower RVLS_FW and higher LUS scores. An effective correlation was found between ILD LUS scores and echocardiographic parameters, especially SPAP (r = 0.735, p < 0.001). The groups were comparable with respect to most echocardiographic parameters, with mild, moderate and severe pulmonary fibrosis, whereas SPAP was significantly higher in the moderate and severe groups. RVLS_FW was obviously reduced in the group with severe pulmonary fibrosis. Although RVLS_FW in the mild pulmonary fibrosis group was in the normal range, it was slightly reduced compared with that of the controls. A cutoff of more than 16 LUS points had 85.2% sensitivity and 80.3% specificity in predicting elevated SPAP (>36 mm Hg). Thoracic ultrasound is useful in the assessment of ILD. As ILD progresses, the structure or function of the right ventricle gradually deteriorates. LUS not only detects lung conditions in ILD, but also indirectly reflects SPAP and right ventricular function. Integrated use of LUS and echocardiography will provide an invaluable point-of-care imaging modality to facilitate the diagnosis, management and treatment of patients with ILD.
http://ift.tt/2j4pZ84
Cerebrovascular reactivity and intellectual outcome in childhood stroke with transient cerebral arteriopathy
Publication date: Available online 7 January 2017
Source:Pediatric Neurology
Author(s): Nomazulu Dlamini, Ivanna Yau, Robyn Westmacott, Manohar Shroff, Derek Armstrong, William Logan, David Mikulis, Gabrielle deVeber, Andrea Kassner
BackgroundHypercapnic-challenge blood oxygen level-dependent MRI cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), measures the regional perfusion response to altered carbon dioxide. CVR correlates with the tissue-level microvascular dysfunction and ischemic risk. Among children with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), transient cerebral arteriopathy (TCA) is a frequent, non-progressive unilateral intracranial arteriopathy which typically results in basal ganglia infarction and chronic cerebral artery stenosis. Therefore TCA provides a model for studying the consequences of chronic non-progressive stenosis using CVR and intellectual outcome.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that children with TCA and chronic non-progressive intracranial artery stenosis have impaired CVR distal to the stenosis and associated cognitive impairment.MethodsWe studied children with a prior diagnosis of TCA as defined by infarction limited to the basal ganglia and/or internal capsule and significant (>50% diameter) residual stenosis of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery and/or its proximal branches. All children had CVR, intellectual function and infarct volumes quantified.ResultsWe performed CVR studies in five children at mean 8.96 years (3.33 – 14.58 years) post-stroke. Impaired CVR was limited to the infarct zone and adjacent white matter in the majority of children. Intellectual function was broadly average in all but one subject.ConclusionIn children with typical TCA, ipsilateral cortical CVR and intellectual function seem to be preserved despite persistent arterial stenosis in the majority. These findings suggest that chronic revascularization strategies in these children may not be indicated, and require further exploration in a larger cohort of children.
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Visible light-induced crosslinking and physiological stabilization of diselenide-rich nanoparticles for redox-responsive drug release and combination chemotherapy
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 121
Author(s): Shaodong Zhai, Xianglong Hu, Yongjun Hu, Baoyan Wu, Da Xing
Undesired physiological instability of nanocarriers and premature drug leakage during blood circulation result in compromised therapeutic efficacy and severe side effects, which have significantly impeded the development of nanomedicine. Facile crosslinking of drug-loaded nanocarriers while keeping the potency of site-specific degradation and drug release has emerged as a viable strategy to overcome these drawbacks. Additionally, combination therapy has already shown advantages in inhibiting advanced tumors and life extension than single drug therapy. Herein, three kinds of diselenide-rich polymers were fabricated with distinct hydrophobic side chains. The component effect was interrogated to screen out PEG-b-PBSe diblock copolymer due to its favorable self-assembly controllability and high drug loading of camptothecin (CPT) and doxorubicin (DOX) that had synergistic antitumor property. Facile visible light-induced diselenide metathesis and regeneration was employed to crosslink nanocarriers for the first time. The dual drug-loaded crosslinked micelles (CPT/DOX-CCM) were stable in physiological conditions with minimal drug leakage, possessing extended blood circulation, whereas hand-in-hand dual drug release was significantly accelerated in tumor's redox microenvironments. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation and in vivo tumor suppression with low dosage drugs further demonstrated the favorable potency of the redox-responsive nanoplatform in tumor combination chemotherapy.
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Pembrolizumab’s Non-cross Resistance Mechanism of Action Successfully Overthrown Ipilimumab
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Mohd Wahid, Naseem Akhter, Arshad Jawed, Sajad A. Dar, Raju K. Mandal, Mohtashim Lohani, Mohammed Y. Areeshi, Saif Khan, Shafiul Haque
The incidences of melanomas are increasing by leaps and bounds across the globe despite early detection and intervention. The numbers of patients dying from metastatic melanoma have been continually increased over the past thirty years. It has been considered as one of the most therapy-resistant malignancies due to the cross-resistant mechanism developed by the metastatic cells. With time, many new therapies came and they failed miserably. Ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody that works to activate the immune system by targeting CTLA-4 proved to be a boon for advance melanoma very recently. But it could not stand firmly against the resistant metastatic skin cancer cells. Now, the new skin cancer drug named pembrolizumab proved as a new miraculous molecule. It's a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks a biological pathway called programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), which melanoma cells activate to suppress the immune system. This antibody has surpassed ipilimumab at all the stages of clinical trials because of its non-cross resistant mechanism to malignant cells. The present review critically analyzes the reasons of efficacy success of pembrolizumab over ipilizumab shown at various stages of clinical trials.
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Poly(alkyl methacrylate)-grafted silica nanoparticles in polyethylene nanocomposites
Publication date: 27 January 2017
Source:Polymer, Volume 109
Author(s): Mohammad M. Khani, Dongjin Woo, Edward L. Mumpower, Brian C. Benicewicz
Surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (SI-RAFT) polymerization has been widely used to synthesize various polymers grafted from nanoparticles (NPs) for incorporation into polymer nanocomposites. It is believed that these grafted polymer brushes, with a similar chemistry as the matrix polymer, can be employed to improve NP dispersion by reducing unfavorable interactions between the inorganic NPs and organic matrices. While controlled radical polymerization methods do not allow the polymerization of polyolefins, a substitute strategy is controllably attaching polyolefin-like polymers onto the NP surface. In the present work, the SI-RAFT polymerization was used to anchor poly(hexyl, lauryl, and stearyl methacrylate) on silica NPs, showing good control of the polymerizations. The long alkyl side chains can create an "olefin-like" interface and improve the compatibility of modified particles with polyolefins. Subsequently, we investigated the dispersion of these poly(alkyl methacrylate)-modified silica NPs in linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). Poly(stearyl methacrylate)-grafted silica NPs (PSMA-g-SiO2) demonstrated improved dispersion of particles when compared to shorter alkyl side chain methacrylates. TEM images showed that the dispersion of these particles was highly dependent upon the molecular weight and density of the grafted PSMA chains. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used to characterize these nanocomposites. SAXS showed that the inter-particle distance (distribution of particle spacings) in the semicrystalline state was broader than in the melt, suggesting that particles spacing was affected by the polyethylene crystallization particularly at lower loadings. Nanocomposites at low loadings, 0.5 wt% core content, showed significant improvement in storage modulus due to the compatible particle-matrix interface. Further increases in particle loadings, however reversed this trend likely due to the increase in soft PSMA content.
Graphical abstract
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A chronic increase of corticosterone age-dependently reduces systemic DNA damage from oxidation in rats
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Author(s): Anders Jorgensen, Otto Kalliokoski, Kristin Forsberg, Katrine Breitenstein, Allan Weimann, Trine Henriksen, Jann Hau, Gitta Wörtwein, Henrik Enghusen Poulsen, Martin Balslev Jorgensen
Stress and depression are associated with an acceleration of brain and bodily aging; effects which have been attributed to chronic elevations of glucocorticoids. We tested the hypothesis that a three week administration of stress-associated levels of corticosterone (CORT, the principal rodent glucocorticoid) would increase systemic and CNS DNA and RNA damage from oxidation; a phenomenon known to be centrally involved in the aging process. We also hypothesized that older individuals would be more sensitive to this effect and that the chronic CORT administration would exacerbate age-related memory decline. Young and old male Sprague-Dawley rats were non-invasively administered CORT by voluntary ingestion of nut paste containing either CORT (25mg/kg) or vehicle for a total of 22 days. CORT increased the 24h urinary excretion of the hormone to the levels previously observed after experimental psychological stress and caused a downregulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. Contrary to our hypothesis, 24h excretion of 8-oxodG/8-oxoGuo (markers of DNA/RNA damage from oxidation) was reduced in CORT-treated young animals, whereas old animals showed no significant differences. In old animals, CORT caused a borderline significant reduction of RNA oxidation in CNS, which was paralleled by a normalization of performance in an object location memory test. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that chronic stress-associated levels of CORT can reduce nucleic acid damage from oxidation. These findings contradict the notion of elevated CORT as a mediator of the accelerated aging observed in stress and depression.
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Frontal Sinus Pneumatization Affects Height of the Lateral Lamella and Position of Anterior Ethmoidal Artery
http://ift.tt/2ipr7Cv
A Rare Patient with Facial Duplication
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Application of Dexamethasone in the Masseter Muscle During the Surgical Removal of Lower Third Molars
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Conjoined Twin Separation: Integration of Three-Dimensional Modeling for Optimization of Surgical Planning
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Modified Heavy Wire Twister as an Efficient Screw Holder and Screw Driver in Maxillofacial Surgery
http://ift.tt/2ipz0b7
Effect of Submucosal Mesna Application on Mucoperichondrial Elevation in Septoplasty
http://ift.tt/2jp16Yh
Identical Twins Discordant for Metopic Craniosynostosis: Evidence of Epigenetic Influences
http://ift.tt/2jp8EKH
Large Frontoorbital Osteoma Causing Ptosis
http://ift.tt/2jp15DH
Encyclopedia of Aesthetic Rejuvenation Through Volume Enhancement by Charles K. Herman and Berish Strauch New York, NY: Thieme Medical Publishers, 2014
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Domino Flaps for Repairing of Secondary Bilateral Cleft Lip With Severe Columella Deformity
http://ift.tt/2jp1fuP
Prevalence of Different Forms and Involved Bones of Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia
http://ift.tt/2joZCNU
Long-Term Outcomes of Pediatric Cranial Reconstruction Using Resorbable Plating Systems for the Treatment of Craniosynostosis
http://ift.tt/2jp3LBe
Calculation of an Optic Nerve Injury Risk Profile Before Sphenoid Sinus Surgery
http://ift.tt/2jp15nb
The Appropriate Retractors for Genioplasty
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Outcomes of Palatal Lift Prosthesis on Dysarthric Speech
http://ift.tt/2joZBcO
Effect of Energy Drink on Bone Formation in the Expanded Inter-Premaxillary Suture
http://ift.tt/2jp9OWA
Osseous Repair in Minimally Invasive Reconstruction of Anterior Skull Base Defects
http://ift.tt/2jp8C5x
Ossifying Fibroma Involving Three Quadrants of the Jaws in a Patient With Vitamin D Deficiency
http://ift.tt/2jp48vy
Aesthetic Lateral Canthoplasty Using Tarso-Conjunctival Advancement Technique
http://ift.tt/2i5tyN4
The dangers of parathyroid biopsy
Abstract
Background
We report an unusual case of a 66-year-old female with a suspicious thoracic outlet mass presenting with severe biochemical hyperparathyroidism and classic hypercalcemic symptoms of renal and bone involvement.
Case Presentation
There was clinical suspicion for parathyroid carcinoma, further supported by intra-operative findings. However, the final pathology described a primary hyperceullar parathyroid lesion with pathognomonic changes secondary to fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, along with a separate parathyroid lesion likely resulting from seeding along the needle tract. Upon further review, record of a remote FNA was discovered. This case highlights the complications associated with parathyroid FNA resulting in a diagnostic challenge and raising the possibility of malignancy.
Conclusions
We therefore recommend to take caution when there is a prior parathyroid FNA, as it can present with the risks of a secondary lesion from seeding and increase resemblance of malignancy both clinically and through pathologic diagnosis.
http://ift.tt/2j3Nn5L
The dangers of parathyroid biopsy
Abstract
Background
We report an unusual case of a 66-year-old female with a suspicious thoracic outlet mass presenting with severe biochemical hyperparathyroidism and classic hypercalcemic symptoms of renal and bone involvement.
Case Presentation
There was clinical suspicion for parathyroid carcinoma, further supported by intra-operative findings. However, the final pathology described a primary hyperceullar parathyroid lesion with pathognomonic changes secondary to fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, along with a separate parathyroid lesion likely resulting from seeding along the needle tract. Upon further review, record of a remote FNA was discovered. This case highlights the complications associated with parathyroid FNA resulting in a diagnostic challenge and raising the possibility of malignancy.
Conclusions
We therefore recommend to take caution when there is a prior parathyroid FNA, as it can present with the risks of a secondary lesion from seeding and increase resemblance of malignancy both clinically and through pathologic diagnosis.
http://ift.tt/2j3Nn5L
A nanocomposite structure in directly cast NdFeB based alloy with low Nd content for potential anisotropic permanent magnets
Publication date: 5 March 2017
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 117
Author(s): L.Z. Zhao, Q. Zhou, J.S. Zhang, D.L. Jiao, Z.W. Liu, J.M. Greneche
The magnetic properties of NdFeB magnets can be tailored with different kinds of microstructures. In this work, a nanocomposite structure with amorphous phase remaining inside the micro-sized Nd2Fe14B type grains was observed by Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy on the suction cast Nd11Fe60Co10Ti2.5Nb0.5C0.5B15.5 alloy, and then confirmed by various characterization techniques. The worm-like soft magnetic amorphous phases show strong exchange coupling with Nd2Fe14B phase. As a result, the open recoil loops, which are typical characteristics for nanocomposite alloys consisting of hard and soft magnetic phases, have been clearly evidenced. Thus, the formation of this structure may provide an alternative approach to design and fabricate anisotropic nanocomposite NdFeB-based permanent magnets with enhanced magnetic properties.
Graphical abstract
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Design and microstructure analysis of globules in Al-Co-La-Pb immiscible alloys with an amorphous phase
Publication date: 5 March 2017
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 117
Author(s): Takeshi Nagase, Mamoru Takemura, Mitsuaki Matsumuro, Megumi Matsumoto, Yoshikazu Fujii
An immiscible alloy with an amorphous phase, Al-Co-La-Pb, was designed by the combination of empirical rules, prediction of phase diagrams based on ab initio calculations, and thermodynamic calculations. The solidification microstructure of rapidly solidified Al-Co-La-Pb melt-spun ribbons was investigated. Liquid-phase separation and the formation of an amorphous phase occurred simultaneously in the Al-Co-La-Pb alloy, resulting in the formation of Pb globules embedded in the Al-Co-La–based amorphous matrix. The particle size distribution of the globules and the formation of Pb nanoglobules were explained by the multistep liquid-phase separation. STEM observation clarified the microstructure of oxygen-enriched globules with double shell layers in the Al-Co-La-Pb alloy.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2jgbj5g
Hydrothermal topological synthesis and photocatalyst performance of orthorhombic Nb2O5 rectangle nanosheet crystals with dominantly exposed (010) facet
Publication date: 5 March 2017
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 117
Author(s): Puhong Wen, Lili Ai, Taotao Liu, Dengwei Hu, Fangyi Yao
The regular orthorhombic Nb2O5 (O-Nb2O5) rectangle nanosheets dominantly exposed (010) facet are synthesized by a hydrothermal topological reaction with a precursor of K4Nb6O17·4.5H2O (KNbO). The structure and morphology of the samples obtained at different temperatures and pH values of reacting solution are investigated. The results suggest that there are two topological reactions in this process. One is the acid-exchanging reaction transforming into H4Nb6O17·3H2O (HNbO) nanosheets from KNbO rectangle nanosheets, and the other is dehydration reaction transforming into O-Nb2O5 rectangle nanosheets from HNbO nanosheets. And the {010} facets of O-Nb2O5 crystal are transformed from the {010} facets of HNbO crystal in the ingenious topological reaction. The photoelectric performance of the obtained O-Nb2O5 nanosheets is evaluated by decomposing water to H2 under 370nm UV light illumination and measuring the accompanying photocurrent. The photocurrent density is 680nA·cm−2 generated by splitting water with O-Nb2O5 nanosheets as photocatalyst, and it is 4.3 times of the contrast sample. The result indicates that the (010) facet of O-Nb2O5 is one of the highest photocatalytic active surfaces and shows high photoelectric conversion efficiency. Thus, the O-Nb2O5 nanosheets dominantly exposed (010) facet have potential applications in photocatalyst and photoelectric nanodevices.
Graphical abstract
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Criterion validity of measures of perceived relative harm of e-cigarettes and smokeless tobacco compared to cigarettes
Source:Addictive Behaviors, Volume 67
Author(s): Alexander Persoskie, Anh B. Nguyen, Annette R. Kaufman, Cindy Tworek
Beliefs about the relative harmfulness of one product compared to another (perceived relative harm) are central to research and regulation concerning tobacco and nicotine-containing products, but techniques for measuring such beliefs vary widely. We compared the validity of direct and indirect measures of perceived harm of e-cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (SLT) compared to cigarettes. On direct measures, participants explicitly compare the harmfulness of each product. On indirect measures, participants rate the harmfulness of each product separately, and ratings are compared. The U.S. Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS-FDA-2015; N=3738) included direct measures of perceived harm of e-cigarettes and SLT compared to cigarettes. Indirect measures were created by comparing ratings of harm from e-cigarettes, SLT, and cigarettes on 3-point scales. Logistic regressions tested validity by assessing whether direct and indirect measures were associated with criterion variables including: ever-trying e-cigarettes, ever-trying snus, and SLT use status. Compared to the indirect measures, the direct measures of harm were more consistently associated with criterion variables. On direct measures, 26% of adults rated e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes, and 11% rated SLT as less harmful than cigarettes. Direct measures appear to provide valid information about individuals' harm beliefs, which may be used to inform research and tobacco control policy. Further validation research is encouraged.
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Inversion recovery ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging: A method for simultaneous direct detection of myelin and high signal demonstration of iron deposition in the brain – A feasibility study
Publication date: May 2017
Source:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Volume 38
Author(s): Vipul R. Sheth, Shujuan Fan, Qun He, Yajun Ma, Jacopo Annese, Robert Switzer, Jody Corey-Bloom, Graeme M Bydder, Jiang Du
Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes demyelinating lesions in the white matter and increased iron deposition in the subcortical gray matter. Myelin protons have an extremely short T2* (<1ms) and are not directly detected with conventional clinical magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences. Iron deposition also reduces T2*, leading to reduced signal on clinical sequences. In this study we tested the hypothesis that the inversion recovery ultrashort echo time (IR-UTE) pulse sequence can directly and simultaneously image myelin and iron deposition using a clinical 3T scanner. The technique was first validated on a synthetic myelin phantom (myelin powder in D2O) and a Feridex iron phantom. This was followed by studies of cadaveric MS specimens, healthy volunteers and MS patients. UTE imaging of the synthetic myelin phantom showed an excellent bi-component signal decay with two populations of protons, one with a T2* of 1.2ms (residual water protons) and the other with a T2* of 290μs (myelin protons). IR-UTE imaging shows sensitivity to a wide range of iron concentrations from 0.5 to ~30mM. The IR-UTE signal from white matter of the brain of healthy volunteers shows a rapid signal decay with a short T2* of ~300μs, consistent with the T2* values of myelin protons in the synthetic myelin phantom. IR-UTE imaging in MS brain specimens and patients showed multiple white matter lesions as well as areas of high signal in subcortical gray matter. This in specimens corresponded in position to Perl's diaminobenzide staining results, consistent with increased iron deposition. IR-UTE imaging simultaneously detects lesions with myelin loss in the white matter and iron deposition in the gray matter.
http://ift.tt/2i3hvN5
Intravoxel incoherent motion and diffusion tensor imaging of early renal fibrosis induced in a murine model of streptozotocin induced diabetes
Source:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Volume 38
Author(s): YY Yan, S Hartono, T Hennedige, TS Koh, CM Chan, L Zhou, H Rumpel, L Martarello, JB Khoo, DM Koh, KH Chuang, KH Tony Lim, YY Dan, CH Thng
IntroductionTo assess if parameters in intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can be used to evaluate early renal fibrosis in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy.Materials & methodsIn a population of 38 male CD1 mice (8weeks old, 20–30g), streptozotocin induced diabetes was created in 20 mice via a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 150mg/kg, while 18 mice served as control group. IVIM parameters were acquired at 0, 12 and 24weeks after injection of streptozotocin using a range of b values from 0 to 1200s/mm2. DTI parameters were obtained using 12 diffusion directions and lower b values of 0, 100 and 400s/mm2. DTI and IVIM parameters were obtained using region of interests drawn over the renal parenchyma. Histopathological analysis of the right kidney was performed in all mice. Results were analyzed using an unpaired t-test with P<0.05 considered statistically significant.ResultsRenal cortex fractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly lower in the diabetes group at week 12 as compared with the control group. Renal cortex apparent diffusion coefficient and tissue diffusivity were significantly higher in the diabetes group at week 12 compared with the control group at 12weeks. Blood flow was significantly decreased at the renal medulla at 24weeks. Histopathological analysis confirmed fibrosis in the diabetes group at 24weeks.ConclusionFA is significantly reduced in diabetic nephropathy. FA might serve a potential role in the detection and therapy monitoring of early diabetic nephropathy.
http://ift.tt/2i3eMmE
Quantification of intervertebral displacement with a novel MRI-based modeling technique: Assessing measurement bias and reliability with a porcine spine model
Publication date: May 2017
Source:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Volume 38
Author(s): Niladri K. Mahato, Stephane Montuelle, Craig Goubeaux, John Cotton, Susan Williams, James Thomas, Brian C. Clark
The purpose of this study was to develop a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based modeling technique for measuring intervertebral displacements. Here, we present the measurement bias and reliability of the developmental work using a porcine spine model. Porcine lumbar vertebral segments were fitted in a custom-built apparatus placed within an externally calibrated imaging volume of an open-MRI scanner. The apparatus allowed movement of the vertebrae through pre-assigned magnitudes of sagittal and coronal translation and rotation. The induced displacements were imaged with static (T1) and fast dynamic (2D HYCE S) pulse sequences. These images were imported into animation software, in which these images formed a background 'scene'. Three-dimensional models of vertebrae were created using static axial scans from the specimen and then transferred into the animation environment. In the animation environment, the user manually moved the models (rotoscoping) to perform model-to-'scene' matching to fit the models to their image silhouettes and assigned anatomical joint axes to the motion-segments. The animation protocol quantified the experimental translation and rotation displacements between the vertebral models. Accuracy of the technique was calculated as 'bias' using a linear mixed effects model, average percentage error and root mean square errors. Between-session reliability was examined by computing intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and the coefficient of variations (CV). For translation trials, a constant bias (β0) of 0.35 (±0.11) mm was detected for the 2D HYCE S sequence (p=0.01). The model did not demonstrate significant additional bias with each mm increase in experimental translation (β1Displacement=0.01mm; p=0.69). Using the T1 sequence for the same assessments did not significantly change the bias (p>0.05). ICC values for the T1 and 2D HYCE S pulse sequences were 0.98 and 0.97, respectively. For rotation trials, a constant bias (β0) of 0.62 (±0.12)° was detected for the 2D HYCE S sequence (p<0.01). The model also demonstrated an additional bias (β1Displacement) of 0.05° with each degree increase in the experimental rotation (p<0.01). Using T1 sequence for the same assessments did not significantly change the bias (p>0.05). ICC values for the T1 and 2D HYCE S pulse sequences were recorded 0.97 and 0.91, respectively. This novel quasi-static approach to quantifying intervertebral relationship demonstrates a reasonable degree of accuracy and reliability using the model-to-image matching technique with both static and dynamic sequences in a porcine model. Future work is required to explore multi-planar assessment of real-time spine motion and to examine the reliability of our approach in humans.
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HPV DNA in saliva from patients with SCC of the head and neck is specific for p16-positive oropharyngeal tumours
Abstract
Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an important cause of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), especially in young people. These tumours overexpress p16 and respond well to treatment. The rapid detection of HPV in patients with HNSCC may expedite treatment when p16 status is not immediately available.
Methods
Saliva-based DNA collection kits and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to determine the HPV status of 62 individuals with biopsy-proven HNSCC. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine tumour p16 status.
Results
A total of 62 patients were included in the study. Twenty-nine samples (47%) were positive for HPV DNA, the majority of which were high risk (HR) subtypes (79%). Patients who tested positive for HR HPV were more likely to have a tumour arising in the oropharynx compared to a non-oropharyngeal site (74 vs 26%; p = 0.003). A positive HR HPV saliva assay was 100% specific (95% CI 59–100%) and had a 100% positive predictive value (95% CI 75–100%) for a p16 positive tumour arising in the oropharynx. In contrast, a negative HR HPV assay had a 96% negative predictive value (95% CI 80–100%) for tumours arising in a non-oropharyngeal site. Independent of site, the saliva assay had a sensitivity of 77% (95% CI 54–91%) and a specificity of 94% (95% CI 77–99%), respectively, for a p16 positive tumour.
Conclusion
We show that a saliva based assay is an effective method for detecting HPV in patients with HNSCC and that a positive HR HPV test is highly specific for p16 positive tumours arising in the oropharynx. This simple and rapid test could be used in cases where a biopsy of the primary tumour is not readily available.
http://ift.tt/2joMhoJ
HPV DNA in saliva from patients with SCC of the head and neck is specific for p16-positive oropharyngeal tumours
Abstract
Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an important cause of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), especially in young people. These tumours overexpress p16 and respond well to treatment. The rapid detection of HPV in patients with HNSCC may expedite treatment when p16 status is not immediately available.
Methods
Saliva-based DNA collection kits and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to determine the HPV status of 62 individuals with biopsy-proven HNSCC. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine tumour p16 status.
Results
A total of 62 patients were included in the study. Twenty-nine samples (47%) were positive for HPV DNA, the majority of which were high risk (HR) subtypes (79%). Patients who tested positive for HR HPV were more likely to have a tumour arising in the oropharynx compared to a non-oropharyngeal site (74 vs 26%; p = 0.003). A positive HR HPV saliva assay was 100% specific (95% CI 59–100%) and had a 100% positive predictive value (95% CI 75–100%) for a p16 positive tumour arising in the oropharynx. In contrast, a negative HR HPV assay had a 96% negative predictive value (95% CI 80–100%) for tumours arising in a non-oropharyngeal site. Independent of site, the saliva assay had a sensitivity of 77% (95% CI 54–91%) and a specificity of 94% (95% CI 77–99%), respectively, for a p16 positive tumour.
Conclusion
We show that a saliva based assay is an effective method for detecting HPV in patients with HNSCC and that a positive HR HPV test is highly specific for p16 positive tumours arising in the oropharynx. This simple and rapid test could be used in cases where a biopsy of the primary tumour is not readily available.
http://ift.tt/2joMhoJ
Fatty degeneration of mammary glands in female-to-male transsexuals
Abstract
Background
Subcutaneous mastectomy is an accepted procedure for surgical reassignment in female-to-male (FtM) transsexuals. However, fatty degeneration of the mammary gland (FDMG) is sometimes observed in FtM transsexuals, with implications for mastectomy outcomes. In this study, we describe the characteristics and risk factors of FDMG.
Methods
A total of 48 FtM transsexual patients underwent bilateral subcutaneous mastectomies (96 subcutaneous mastectomies) at our clinics from January 2015 to February 2016. The patients were divided into FDMG and non-FDMG groups after evaluation of the cut surface of the resected mammary gland. The groups were compared in terms of age, smoking, hormonal therapy (testosterone), body mass index (BMI), breast size (top–under perimeter), distance between sternal notch and nipple–areolar complex (NAC), breast ptosis grade, weight of resected breast tissue, and complication rate. FDMG tissue specimens were examined histologically.
Results
Comparing the FDMG and non-FDMG groups, hormonal therapy was more common (91.3 vs. 72.0%, p = 0.049), BMI was higher (24.3 vs. 21.1%, p < 0.001), and distance between the sternal notch and NAC was longer (20.5 vs. 18.8%, p = 0.03).
Conclusions
Hormonal therapy, high BMI, and long distance from the sternal notch to the NAC are risk factors for FDMG and should be considered prior to mastectomy in FtM transsexuals.
Level of Evidence: Level III, risk/prognostic study
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Context for Practice: Trends in Pressure Injury Prevention, Use of Convexity in Ostomy Care, and Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in Children.
http://ift.tt/2ip8bUu
Embracing the Concept, Defining the Practice, and Changing the Outcome: Setting the Standard for Medical Adhesive-Related Skin Injury Interventions in WOC Nursing Practice.
http://ift.tt/2joJxYd
View From Here: Challenges in Clinical Research.
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The International Pressure Ulcer Prevalence(TM) Survey: 2006-2015: A 10-Year Pressure Injury Prevalence and Demographic Trend Analysis by Care Setting.
http://ift.tt/2joIbNj
Incidence of Skin Tears and Risk Factors: A Systematic Literature Review.
http://ift.tt/2iph3cG
Clinical Characteristics of Mixed Arteriovenous Leg Ulcers: A Descriptive Study.
http://ift.tt/2joK6RM
Incidence of Skin Tears and Risk Factors: A Systematic Literature Review.
http://ift.tt/2joDRh9
Measuring Weight-Bearing Activities in Patients With Previous Diabetic Foot Ulcers.
http://ift.tt/2ip8cI2
Emerging Technology for Enhanced Assessment of Skin Status.
http://ift.tt/2ipcE9T
Use of Convexity in Ostomy Care: Results of an International Consensus Meeting.
http://ift.tt/2joFrj0
Perceived Barriers and Home Care Needs When Adapting to a Fecal Ostomy: A Phenomenological Study.
http://ift.tt/2ipairu
Exploration of Health Status, Illness Perceptions, Coping Strategies, Psychological Morbidity, and Quality of Life in Individuals With Fecal Ostomies.
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Executive Summary: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery: Best Practice Guideline for Care of Patients With a Fecal Diversion.
http://ift.tt/2ipdpjg
Method for Bacterial Growth and Ammonia Production and Effect of Inhibitory Substances in Disposable Absorbent Hygiene Products.
http://ift.tt/2joK6Bg
Povidone-Iodine, 0.05% Chlorhexidine Gluconate, or Water for Periurethral Cleaning Before Indwelling Urinary Catheterization in a Pediatric Intensive Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
http://ift.tt/2iQv58u
Resolving Epibole With Polymeric Membrane Dressings in Home Care.
http://ift.tt/2i1vSGw
A simplified surgical algorithm for flap reconstruction of eyebrow defects
Eyebrows which are not strictly an extension of facial tissue, are specialized appendages of hair-bearing scalp, which are located in the upper part of the face, with the function of blocking the flow of the forehead sweat into the eyelids[1]. Furthermore, eyebrows play an important role in face expression and facial mimics by virtue of muscle contraction, including the orbicularis oculi muscle, the frontal muscle, the corrugator supercilii and the superciliary depressor muscle below the eyebrow.
http://ift.tt/2jfXlAm
Aesthetic Surgery Training in a Changing Healthcare Environment
Aesthetic surgery is a rapidly evolving sub-specialty, both technologically and conceptually. It is therefore critical that plastic surgery training coincides with this rapid evolution. Recent fiscal limitations in public health provision and trainee working-time legislation may impact the delivery of high quality aesthetic surgery training. There is an urgent need to address the delivery of aesthetic training in current training paradigms in Ireland and we propose a number of strategies to obliterate the learning curve.
http://ift.tt/2jfOYVo
External Ear Melanoma: A 10 year Assessment of Management and Outcomes
External ear melanoma is an uncommon tumour, with conflicting opinion regarding prognosis.1,2 Thin skin and an unpredictable lymphatic drainage make it a unique site, and a recent systematic review determined optimal surgical management is unclear.3
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It Is the Time to Say Good Bye to the Reconstructive Ladder/Lift and Its Variants
The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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Comparison of 3D Scanner Systems for Craniomaxillofacial Imaging
Two-dimensional photographs are the standard for assessing craniofacial surgery clinical outcomes despite lacking three-dimensional (3D) depth and shape. Therefore, 3D-scanners have been gaining popularity in various fields of plastic and reconstructive surgery, including craniomaxillofacial surgery.Head shapes of eight adult volunteers were acquired with four 3D scanners: 1.5T Avanto MRI, Siemens; 3dMDface System, 3dMD Inc.; M4D Scan, Rodin4D; and Structure Sensor, Occipital Inc. Accuracy was evaluated as percentage of data within a range of 2 mm from the 3DMDface System reconstruction, by surface-to-surface root mean square distances (RMS), and with facial distance maps.
http://ift.tt/2jfOJcM
‘Not a Plastic Surgeon’s best friend: Dog bites an increasing burden on UK Plastic Surgery services’
Injuries from dog bites are increasing in the United Kingdom (UK). Our study aims to highlight the public health burden of dog bites within the United Kingdom, in particular to the plastic and reconstructive surgeon. National data relating to hospital attendances and admissions was obtained from the Health and Social Care Information Database. Data relating to demographics of the patients admitted, the site and nature of the injury and the epidemiology was analysed. A total of 14,010 patients with dog bites were admitted between March 2013 and February 2015 of which 52% were admitted to Plastic and Reconstructive surgery departments.
http://ift.tt/2i56uht
Physiological behavioral changes induced by a fraction with antitumor cleronade diterpenes from an Atlantic forest Brazilian plant and computational intermolecular interactions with neuron receptors
Publication date: Available online 7 January 2017
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Author(s): Éverton José Ferreira de Araújo, Antônia Amanda Cardoso de Almeida, Oskar Almeida Silva, Iwyson Henrique Fernandes da Costa, Luis Mário Rezende Júnior, Francisco das Chagas Alves Lima, Luciano da Silva Lopes, Alberto José Cavalheiro, Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
Ethnopharmacological relevanceCasearia sylvestris is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat snakebites, wounds, inflammation and gastric ulcers and scientific supports for have demonstrated its antitumor, antihyperlipidemic and antiparasitic properties.Aim of the studyTo assess the effects of a fraction with casearins (FC) on adult mice using classical experimental models of animal behavior and theoretical calculations to verify the interaction of Casearin X (Cas X) with neuron receptors.Materials and methodsAnimals divided in 6 groups (n=9/group) were intraperitoneally treated with vehicle (DMSO 4%), FC (2.5, 5, 10 and 25mg/kg/day) and diazepam (2mg/kg) for 7 days. Thirty minutes after the last dose of treatment, acute toxicity and behavioral experiments were performed.ResultsThe highest dose of FC (25mg/kg/day) caused diarrhea, weight loss and death of one animal. Elevated plus maze test showed that lower doses [2.5mg/kg/day (36.4 ± 5.1s) and 5mg/kg/day (43.9 ± 6.2s)] increased the time spent in open arms (TSOA). Open field test revealed reduction in the number of crossings (54.9, 51.1, 48 and 67.7% for 2.5, 5, 10 and 25mg/kg/day, respectively) in all doses of FC studied and decrease of rearings at 25mg/kg/day (p < 0.05). Computational calculations showed that the inhibition constant (Ki) for the Cas X-D1 complex is up to 1000-fold more favourable than the Cas X-GABAA complex. All ∆G° values obtained for Cas X-D1 complexes were more negative than those seen with Cas X-GABAA complexes.ConclusionsFindings indicate a probable anxiolytic action of the FC since it reduces the number of crossings and rearings and prolonged the time spent in open arms, without sedative and myorelaxant effects, probably due to the interaction of Cas X with dopaminergic system.
Graphical abstract
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The impact of aging on the three-dimensional aspect of the hand: a pilot study
With rejuvenation treatments of the skin gaining more and more popularity, the inquiry for rejuvenation of the hand grows. Until now, no imaging tool exists to analyze the aging process of the hand. Three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry is a reliable technique which is used among other purposes in soft tissue analysis of the upper extremity. The goal of this pilot study was to investigate the possibility of visualizing the hand aging process using 3D stereophotogrammetry.
http://ift.tt/2jfR08b
Proteomic analysis of the protective effects of aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) on isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats
Publication date: 23 February 2017
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 198
Author(s): Santosh Kumar, Md. Jahangir Alam, Pankaj Prabhakar, Sayeed Ahmad, Subir K. Maulik, Manish Sharma, Shyamal K. Goswami
Ethnopharmacological relevanceAqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna (TA) has been in use as an ethnomedicine for cardiovascular ailments in the Indian subcontinent for centuries. Studies using hemodynamic, ROS scavenging and anti-inflammatory parameters in animal models have shown its anti-atherogenic, hypotensive, inotropic, anti-inflammatory effects. However, details analysis on its effects on established molecular and cell biological markers are a prerequisite for its wider acceptance to the medical community.Aims of the studyTo test the efficacy of TA extract in ameliorating cardiac hypertrophy induced by ISO in rats.MethodsCardiac hypertrophy was induced by ISO (5mg/kg/day s.c. for 14 days) in rats and a standardized aqueous extract of TA stem bark was orally administered by gavage. Total RNA and protein were isolated from control, ISO, ISO plus TA and TA treated rat hearts and analyzed for the transcripts for the markers of hypertrophy, signaling kinases, transcription factors and total protein profile.ResultsTA extract reversed the induction of fetal genes like β-myosin heavy chain, skeletal α-actin and brain natriuretic peptide in hypertrophic rat hearts. While ISO slightly increased the level of phospho-ERK, TA repressed it to about one third of the base line level. Survival kinase Akt, ER stress marker Grp78 and epigenetic regulator HDAC5 were augmented by ISO and TA restored them by various extents. ISO administration moderately increased the transcription factor NFκB binding activity, while coadministration of TA further increased it. AP-1 binding activity was largely unchanged by ISO treatment but it was upregulated when administered along with TA. MEF2D binding activity was increased by ISO and TA restored it to the baseline level. Global proteomic analysis revealed that TA treatment restored a subset of proteins up- and down-regulated in the hypertrophied hearts. Amongst those restored by TA were purinergic receptor X, myosin light chain 3, tropomyosin, and kininogen; suggesting a nodal role of TA in modulating cardiac function.ConclusionsThis study for the first time reveals that TA partially or completely restores the marker mRNAs, signaling kinases, transcription factors and total protein profile in rat heart, thereby demonstrating its efficacy in preventing ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
Graphical abstract
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Reply to letter regarding submission entitled: Cracking the perfusion code? - Laser-assisted Indocyanine Green angiography and combined laser Doppler spectrophotometry for intraoperative evaluation of tissue perfusion in autologous breast reconstruction with DIEP or ms-TRAM flaps
We thank the authors for their inspiring comment. As we stated in our study fundamental microsurgical training as well as broad experience in judging flap perfusion and skin perfusion, respectively, is one of the most important surgeon´s tools. Furthermore we need to advance new technologies to lower even minor complications such as perfusion-related partial flap/fat necrosis.
http://ift.tt/2i5gO93
Honeysuckle aqueous extract and induced let-7a suppress dengue virus type 2 replication and pathogenesis
Publication date: 23 February 2017
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 198
Author(s): Ying-Ray Lee, Siao-Fen Yeh, Xiao-Ming Ruan, Hao Zhang, Sheng-Da Hsu, Hsien-Da Huang, Chang-Chi Hsieh, Yee-Shin Lin, Trai-Ming Yeh, Hsiao-Sheng Liu, Dai-Di Gan
Ethnopharmacological relevanceHoneysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.), a traditional Chinese herb, has widely been used to treat pathogen infection. However, the underlying-mechanism remains elusive.Aims of the studyTo reveal the host microRNA (miRNA) profile with the anti-viral activity after honeysuckle treatment.Materials and methodsHere we reveal the differentially expressed miRNAs by Solexa® deep sequencing from the blood of human and mice after the aqueous extract treatment. Among these overexpressed innate miRNAs both in human and mice, let-7a is able to target the NS1 region (nt 3313-3330) of dengue virus (DENV) serotypes 1, 2 and 4 predicated by the target predication software.ResultsWe confirmed that let-7a could target DENV2 at the predicated NS1 sequence and suppress DENV2 replication demonstrated by luciferase-reporter activity, RT-PCR, real-time PCR, Western blotting and plaque assay. ICR-suckling mice consumed honeysuckle aqueous extract either before or after intracranial injection with DENV2 showed decreased levels of NS1 RNA and protein expression accompanied with alleviated disease symptoms, decreased virus load, and prolonged survival time. Similar results were observed when DENV2-infected mice were intracranially injected with let-7a.ConclusionWe reveal that honeysuckle attenuates DENV replication and related pathogenesis in vivo through induction of let-7a expression. This study opens a new direction for prevention and treatment of DENV infection through induction of the innate miRNA let-7a by honeysuckle.
Graphical abstract
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Dehydropachymic acid decreases bafilomycin A1 induced β-Amyloid accumulation in PC12 cells
Publication date: Available online 7 January 2017
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Author(s): Mengyao Yu, Xiaoyan Xu, Nan Jiang, Wei Wei, Fang Li, Liming He, Xia Luo
Ethnopharmacological relevanceFuling, the sclerotium of Poria cocos, was frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae for Alzheimer's disease (AD) intervention over the past 10 centuries. And its extracts exhibited significant effects in both cellular and animal models of AD in previous studies. However, its mechanisms on prevention and treatment of AD have not been well elucidated yet.Aim of the studyTo investigate the effect and corresponding mechanisms of dehydropachymic acid, which is one of the major triterpenes in Poria cocos, on the clearance of β-Amyloid accumulation in bafilomycin A1 induced PC12 cells.Materials and methodsMTT assay was used to examine the DPA effect on the viability of PC12 cells stable transfected with pCB6-APP (PC12-APP). PC12-APP cells were treated with DPA at the concentration of 6.25, 12.5, 25μg/mL for 4h, and then co-treated with 50 nmol/L bafilomycin A1 for 48h except the controls. The Aβ1-42 content in culture medium was determined by ELISA. The intracellular amount of APP, Aβ1-42, LC-3, cathepsin D was measured by Western blotting and normalized to GAPDH loading control. The PC12 cells stable transfected with pSelect-LC3-GFP (PC12-LC3-GFP) was used in the fluorescence microscopy estimation of autophagosomes accumulation. The internal pH in lysosome was detected by LysoTracker Red staining.ResultsDPA had no significant effect on the cell viability but could significantly decrease Aβ1–42 content in culture medium and eliminate the intracellular accumulation of APP and Aβ1–42 in bafilomycin A1 induced PC12-APP cells. Furthermore, DPA lowered the LC3II/ LC3I ratio and reduced the GFP-labeled LC3 puncta which were elevated by bafilomycin A1. And the increase in internal pH of lysosome and decrease in mCatD amount in Bafilomycin A1 induced PC12-APP cells were restored by DPA treatment. These results indicated that DPA could restore the lysosomal acidification and recover the autophgic flux which is impaired by bafilomycin A1.ConclusionsDPA could effectively clear the accumulation of Aβ1–42 in bafilomycin A1 impaired PC12 cells through restoring the lysosomal acidification and recovering the autophgic flux. And these results highlight its therapeutic potential for AD treatment.
Graphical abstract
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Clinical factors associated with subclinical spread of in situ melanoma
Subclinical spread of in situ melanoma occurs at a wide frequency, ranging from 12% to 71%.
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Risk of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with rosacea: Results from a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan
A link between rosacea and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been proposed with unknown mechanisms. Epidemiologic evidence of this association needs to be examined.
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Corrigendum to “Toxic polyacetylenes in the genus Bupleurum (Apiaceae) – Distribution, toxicity, molecular mechanism and analysis” [J. Ethnopharmacol. 193 (2016) 566–573]
Publication date: Available online 7 January 2017
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Author(s): Meiyu Lin, Weidong Zhang, Juan Su
http://ift.tt/2joEwPx
Improved adsorption performance of nanostructured composite by ultrasonic wave: Optimization through response surface methodology, isotherm and kinetic studies
Publication date: July 2017
Source:Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Volume 37
Author(s): Mehdi Dastkhoon, Mehrorang Ghaedi, Arash Asfaram, Alireza Goudarzi, Seyyedeh Maryam Mohammadi, Shaobin Wang
In this work, ultrasound-assisted adsorption of an anionic dye, sunset yellow (SY) and cationic dyes, malachite green (MG), methylene blue (MB) and their ternary dye solutions onto Cu@ Mn-ZnS-NPs-AC from water aqueous was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) using the central composite design (CCD). The adsorbent was characterized using Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and EDX mapping images. The effects of various parameters such as pH, sonication time, adsorbent mass and initial concentrations of SY, MG and MB were examined. A total 33 experiments were conducted to establish a quadratic model. Cu@ Mn-ZnS-NPs-AC has the maximum adsorption efficiency (>99.5%) when the pH, sonication time, adsorbent mass and initial concentrations of SY, MG and MB were optimally set as 6.0, 5min, 0.02g, 9, 12 and 12mgL−1, respectively. Sonication time has a statistically significant effect on the selected responses. Langmuir isotherm model was found to be best fitted to adsorption and adsorption capacities were 67.5mgg−1 for SY, 74.6mgg−1 for MG and 72.9mgg−1 for MB. Four kinetic models (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Weber–Morris intraparticle diffusion rate and Elovich) were tested to correlate the experimental data and the sorption was fitted well with the pseudo-second order kinetic model.
Graphical abstract
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Titanium, aluminum and zinc complexes containing diamine-bis(benzotriazole phenolate) ligands: Synthesis, structural characterization and catalytic studies for ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone
Publication date: 15 April 2017
Source:Journal of Molecular Structure, Volume 1134
Author(s): Zheng-Tang Liu, Chen-Yu Li, Jhy-Der Chen, Wan-Ling Liu, Chen-Yen Tsai, Bao-Tsan Ko
Structurally diverse metal complexes bearing diamine-bis(benzotriazole phenolate) (DiBTP) ligands have been synthesized and fully characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The reaction of Ti(OiPr)4 with C8MEADiBTP-H2 or C8BEADiBTP-H2 (1.0 mol equiv.) generated the monomeric titanium alkoxy complexes [(C8MEADiBTP)Ti(OiPr)2] (1) and [(C8BEADiBTP)Ti(OiPr)2] (2), respectively. Moreover, C8BEADiBTP-H2 reacted with 2.0 molar equiv. of AlMe3 to give the tetra-coordinated di-aluminum complex [(C8BEADiBTP)Al2Me4] (3). Zinc complex [(C8BEADiBTP)Zn2Et2] (4) could be obtained by the alkane elimination of ZnEt2 (2.0 equiv.) with C8BEADiBTP-H2 as the pro-ligand under similar synthetic methods in good yield. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction indicates that 3 is a bimetallic aluminum dimethyl complex with a tetradentate C8BEADiBTP moiety chelating two metal atoms, whereas complex 4 displays the dinuclear feature containing both tetra- and penta-coordinated zinc atoms bonded by one ONNON-pentadentate C8BEADiBTP ligand. Catalytic studies for ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone of complex 1–4 were systematic explored; the comparative studies of such polymerization were also discussed.
Graphical abstract
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Recovery of zinc(II) from chloride solutions using pseudo-emulsion based hollow fiber strip dispersion with pyridineketoxime extractants
Publication date: 28 April 2017
Source:Separation and Purification Technology, Volume 177
Author(s): Katarzyna Staszak, Aleksandra Wojciechowska, M. Teresa A. Reis, Irmina Wojciechowska, Karolina Wieszczycka, M. Rosinda C. Ismael, Jorge M.R. Carvalho
The recovery of Zn(II) from chloride solutions using pseudo-emulsion based hollow fiber strip dispersion (PEHFSD) technique with pyridine reagents was investigated. The pyridineketoxime extractants were used as the carriers: 1-(3-pyridyl)undecan-1-one oxime and its quaternary salts 3-[1-(hydroxyimine)undecyl]-1-propylpyridinium bromide and 3-[1-(hydroxyimine)undecyl]-1-propylpyridinium chloride. The influence of several parameters, among them the hydrodynamic conditions, extractant, metal and strippant concentrations, as well as, the extractant structure on the zinc(II) extraction was studied. The surface properties of the various aqueous/organic systems and mass transfer resistances were also determined. The extractants proposed showed to be appropriate carriers in the PEHFSD process and the values of overall mass transfer coefficient of permeation were found in the range of 2.5×10−7–1.1×10−6m/s.
http://ift.tt/2i1sr2A
Cardiac actions of thyroid hormone metabolites
Publication date: Available online 7 January 2017
Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
Author(s): Grazia Rutigliano, Riccardo Zucchi
Thyroid hormones (THs) have a major role in regulating cardiac function. Their classical mechanism of action is genomic. Recent findings have broadened our knowledge about the (patho)physiology of cardiac regulation by THs, to include non-genomic actions of THs and their metabolites (THM). This review provides an overview of classical and non-classical cardiac effects controlled by: i) iodothyronines (thyroxine, T4; 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine,T3; 3, 5-diiodothyronine, T2); ii) thyronamines (thyronamine, T0AM; 3-iodothyronamine, T1AM); and iii) iodothyroacetic acids (3, 5, 3′, 5'-tetraiodothyroacetic acid, tetrac; 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyroacetic acid, triac; 3-iodothyroacetic acid, TA1). Whereas iodothyronines enhance both diastolic and systolic function and heart rate, thyronamines were observed to have negative inotropic and chronotropic effects and might function as a brake with respect to THs, although their physiological role is unclear. Moreover, thyronamines showed a cardioprotective effect at physiological concentrations. The cardiac effects of iodothyroacetic acids seem to be limited and need to be elucidated.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2j3vGDz
Compensated Vestibular Dysfunction Post Cochlear Implantation in Children with Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Prospective Study
Abstract
Children with sensorineural hearing loss have risk of surgically induced vestibular dysfunction post cochlear implantation due to instrumentation. It is clinically important to estimate the risk of vestibular loss post cochlear implant so the patient can be made fully aware of these risks when considering cochlear implantation. The aim of the study was to identify compensated vestibular dysfunction post cochlear implantation. Vestibular function was evaluated both pre and post CI using monothermal warm air caloric testing. Recordings were made using head band camera on SYNAPSYS Ulmer VNG software. 'Monothermal caloric asymmetry' (MCA) was depicted as 'unilateral weakness' based on the slow phase velocity of nystagmus. MCA of >15% was taken as evidence of canal paresis. The incidence of compensated vestibular dysfunction post CI surgery was found to be 16.66%. The results were statistically significant (p value 0.02) and indicated worsening of canal paresis indicative of vestibular dysfunction. Children for cochlear implantation should undergo evaluation of their vestibular system pre and post surgery. Caution should be exercised before planning bilateral cochlear implantation in the same sitting.
http://ift.tt/2i2OpgK
Compensated Vestibular Dysfunction Post Cochlear Implantation in Children with Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Prospective Study
Abstract
Children with sensorineural hearing loss have risk of surgically induced vestibular dysfunction post cochlear implantation due to instrumentation. It is clinically important to estimate the risk of vestibular loss post cochlear implant so the patient can be made fully aware of these risks when considering cochlear implantation. The aim of the study was to identify compensated vestibular dysfunction post cochlear implantation. Vestibular function was evaluated both pre and post CI using monothermal warm air caloric testing. Recordings were made using head band camera on SYNAPSYS Ulmer VNG software. 'Monothermal caloric asymmetry' (MCA) was depicted as 'unilateral weakness' based on the slow phase velocity of nystagmus. MCA of >15% was taken as evidence of canal paresis. The incidence of compensated vestibular dysfunction post CI surgery was found to be 16.66%. The results were statistically significant (p value 0.02) and indicated worsening of canal paresis indicative of vestibular dysfunction. Children for cochlear implantation should undergo evaluation of their vestibular system pre and post surgery. Caution should be exercised before planning bilateral cochlear implantation in the same sitting.
http://ift.tt/2i2OpgK
Underuse of allergy services for patients having systemic reactions to Hymenoptera venom stings
National mortality data in the United States from 1980 to 1999 indicate that serious anaphylactic Hymenoptera sting reactions account for at least 40 deaths each year.1 On the basis of the Internal Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision coding in emergency departments, this mortality rate may be underestimated.2 Most insect stings result in a transient local reaction that can last several days, and the risk of a systemic reaction in these patients ranges from 5% to 10%.3 Potentially life-threatening systemic reactions to insect stings occur in approximately 0.4% to 0.8% of children and 3% of adults.
http://ift.tt/2ip2J4a
Effect of nasal allergen challenge in allergic rhinitis on mitochondrial function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Allergic rhinitis is the most common of the atopic diseases, affecting up to 25% of the population worldwide.1 Grass pollen sensitization has been recognized as a major cause of allergic rhinitis. On the pathophysiologic level, allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Grass pollen allergy, commonly called hay fever, can also cause more general symptoms, such as as fatigue and unwellness as seen in flulike syndromes. This might be partly related to the activation of a systemic inflammatory pathway after the local nasal inflammatory response, but data from studies concerning the systemic effects of nasal mucosal allergen exposure are limited.
http://ift.tt/2iUISgJ
Underuse of allergy services for patients having systemic reactions to Hymenoptera venom stings
National mortality data in the United States from 1980 to 1999 indicate that serious anaphylactic Hymenoptera sting reactions account for at least 40 deaths each year.1 On the basis of the Internal Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision coding in emergency departments, this mortality rate may be underestimated.2 Most insect stings result in a transient local reaction that can last several days, and the risk of a systemic reaction in these patients ranges from 5% to 10%.3 Potentially life-threatening systemic reactions to insect stings occur in approximately 0.4% to 0.8% of children and 3% of adults.
http://ift.tt/2ip2J4a
Effect of nasal allergen challenge in allergic rhinitis on mitochondrial function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Allergic rhinitis is the most common of the atopic diseases, affecting up to 25% of the population worldwide.1 Grass pollen sensitization has been recognized as a major cause of allergic rhinitis. On the pathophysiologic level, allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Grass pollen allergy, commonly called hay fever, can also cause more general symptoms, such as as fatigue and unwellness as seen in flulike syndromes. This might be partly related to the activation of a systemic inflammatory pathway after the local nasal inflammatory response, but data from studies concerning the systemic effects of nasal mucosal allergen exposure are limited.
http://ift.tt/2iUISgJ
Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia in living liver donors: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial
Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a peripheral nerve block that reduces postoperative pain, nausea, vomiting and the need for postoperative opioids following various types of abdominal surgery. The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of TAP block on postoperative analgesia and opioid consumption in living liver donors in whom a right "J" abdominal incision was used.
http://ift.tt/2i54xSc
Determination of the diagnostic value of the Modified Mallampati Score, Upper Lip Bite Test and Facial Angle in predicting difficult intubation: A prospective descriptive study
Difficult intubation is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity related to anesthesia. We decided to evaluate the value of Modified Mallampati Score, Upper Lip Bite Test and Facial Angle in the prediction of difficult intubation.
http://ift.tt/2jfJqKG
Effect of monetary incentives on first-case of the day starts
We read with interest the article by Kacmar et al., "Effect of monetary incentives on first-case of the day starts" [1]. The authors state that "we are the first to utilize a simple monetary incentive to motivate anesthesiology faculty to significantly increase operating room (OR) efficiency in a large academic center" [1]. We are uncertain how the authors showed "increased OR efficiency." There are two relevant types of OR efficiency. Allocative efficiency effectively refers to the inefficiency of use of OR time [2–4].
http://ift.tt/2i53ilM
Perioperative opioid administration in children with and without developmental delay undergoing outpatient dental surgery
Prior research has indicated that children with developmental delay (DD) experience qualitative and quantitative differences in health care (Boulet et al., 2009). In the perioperative setting, there is concern that children with DD may be more likely to experience postoperative complications including agitation and nausea/vomiting than typically developing patients (TDP). Differences in the administration and dosage of perioperative opioids may contribute to this, however, empirical investigations are lacking.
http://ift.tt/2jfScbv
The concentration of desflurane preventing spectral entropy change during surgical stimulation: A prospective randomized trial
To determine the concentration of desflurane necessary to blunt changes in spectral entropy during surgical incision when two different target-controlled effect-site concentrations of remifentanil (1 and 3ng/ml) were infused.
http://ift.tt/2i5ffbd
Combination of femoral and genitofemoral nerve blocks is effective for endovascular aneurysm repair
Abdominal/thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR/TEVAR) is a minimally invasive operation for the repair of abdominal/thoracic aortic aneurysms (AAAs/TAAs). Generally, EVAR/TEVAR is performed under general anesthesia or field block anesthesia of inguinal region [1]. Since field block anesthesia sometimes provides insufficient analgesia, conversion to general anesthesia may be required owing to patient discomfort, anxiety and persistent patient movement. In this report, we present a case in which femoral and genitofemoral nerve blocks were performed for analgesia during EVAR.
http://ift.tt/2jfGCgu
Sinonasal respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma: An overlooked entity
Publication date: Available online 7 January 2017
Source:Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences
Author(s): Jeyasakthy Saniasiaya, Norasnieda Md Shukri, Ramiza Ramza Ramli, Wan Nor Najmiyah Wan Abdul Wahab, Norzaliana Zawawi
Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma is an unusual benign glandular proliferation arising from the respiratory epithelium mostly involving the posterior nasal septum. Herein, we report a classic presentation of chronic rhinosinusitis with bilateral nasal polyposis which turns out to be respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma. Albeit benign, awareness of this entity is judicious as it may masquerade a more aggressive lesion causing patients to succumb to unnecessary procedure.
http://ift.tt/2jodJmm