Massive hemothorax resulting from a minor injury mechanism is considered to be rare particularly when the diaphragm is injured. We report a case of massive hemothorax with bleeding from the intercostal artery ...
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Σάββατο 6 Οκτωβρίου 2018
Massive hemothorax due to two bleeding sources with minor injury mechanism: a case report
Innate immunosensing of DNA in cellular senescence
Selene Glück | Andrea Ablasser
https://ift.tt/2OLT23i
SAMHD1 and the innate immune response to cytosolic DNA during DNA replication
Flavie Coquel | Christoph Neumayer | Yea-Lih Lin | Philippe Pasero
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Control of autoreactive B cells by IgM and IgD B cell receptors: maintaining a fine balance
Mark Noviski | Julie Zikherman
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The associations between mental health, health-related quality of life and insulin pump therapy among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
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Impact of endodontic post material on longitudinal changes in interproximal bone level: a randomized controlled pilot trial
Abstract
Objectives
Aim was to evaluate the impact of glass fiber versus titanium endodontic posts on the interproximal bone level around severely damaged endodontically treated teeth.
Materials and methods
Thirty-eight participants of a randomized controlled trial on glass fiber (n = 18) and titanium post-endodontic restorations (n = 20) received radiographs at two different times after post placement (T0 = <12 months and T1 = 36–72 months after post placement). A total of 76 radiographs were analyzed with an image-editing software. Medians of changes in mesial and distal interproximal bone level (∆MBL, ∆DBL) were calculated and tested for statistical significance with respect to post material using Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05). Impact of post material on bone level changes was assessed in multilevel mixed-effect linear regression models.
Results
The mean observation period was 54 months for glass fiber and 50 months for titanium posts. Interproximal bone loss was small in both groups during the study period with no significant differences between groups (glass-fiber group, ∆MBL = − 0.03 mm and ∆DBL = − 0.06 mm; titanium group, ∆MBL = − 0.07 mm and ∆DBL = − 0.17 mm; both p > 0.05). Overall, impact of post material on bone loss was almost negligible with a nonsignificant difference between materials of 0.10 mm during the entire study period.
Conclusion
The rigidity of endodontic post material has no impact on the level of alveolar bone support of severely damaged endodontically treated teeth.
Clinical relevance
Post-endodontic restorations of severely damaged teeth can achieve steady levels of periodontal bone support as a parameter of periodontal health, irrespective of post material.
https://ift.tt/2PekDXO
Molecular isolation and characterization of the kisspeptin system, KISS and GPR54 genes in roach Rutilus rutilus —
Abstract
The reproduction of vertebrates is regulated by endocrine and neuro-endocrine signaling molecules acting along the brain-pituitary-gonad (BPG) axis. The understanding of the neuroendocrine role played in reproductive function has been recently revolutionized since the KiSS1/GPR54 (KiSS1r) system was discovered in 2003 in human and mice. Kisspeptins, neuropeptides that are encoded by the KiSS genes, have been recognized as essential in the regulation of the gonadotropic axis. They have been shown to play key roles in puberty onset and reproduction by regulating the gonadotropin secretion in mammals while physiological roles in vertebrates are still poorly known. In order to provide new knowledge on basic reproductive physiology in fish as well as new tools to assess impacts of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), the neurotransmitter system, i.e., gene/receptor, KISS/GPR54 might constitute an appropriate biomarker. This study provides new understandings on the neuroendocrine regulation of roach reproduction as well as new molecular tools to be used as biomarkers of endocrine disruption. This work completes the set of biomarkers already validated in this species.
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Chitosan nanoparticles from Artemia salina inhibit progression of hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) isolated from Artemia salina against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) both in vitro (HepG2) and in vivo (diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC in rats) and to investigate the involved underlying mechanisms. Administration of CNPs decreased HCC progression as evidenced by (1) induced HepG2 cell death as detected by MTT assay; (2) induced necrosis as indicated by acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) red staining, annexin V/7-AAD positive staining (detected by flow cytometry), and upregulated expression of necrosis markers (PARP1 and its downstream target, RIP1 genes), but no effect on apoptosis as revealed by insignificant changes in caspase 3 activity and mRNA levels of Bax and AIF; (3) increased intracellular ROS and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2; (4) decreased liver relative weight, serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), total bilirubin, and cancer markers (AFP and GGT), number and area of GST-P positive tumor nodules; and (5) reduced oxidative stress (decrease in MDA levels) and increased activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx enzymes in rat liver. The preventive (pre-treatment) effect of CNPs was better than the therapeutic (post-treatment) effect. Collectively, administration of CNPs inhibited HCC progression in vitro and in vivo, possibly through induction of necrosis, rather than apoptosis, and induction of antioxidant enzyme activities in vivo, but with stimulation of ROS production in vitro. Thus, CNPs could be used as a promise agent for treating HCC after application of further confirmatory clinical trials.
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Adsorption of ibuprofen using cysteine-modified silane-coated magnetic nanomaterial
Abstract
Industrialization and growth of the pharmaceutical companies have been a boon to the mankind in our day to day life in myriad ways. However, due to the uninhibited release of these active pharmaceutical compounds into the water systems has caused detrimental effects to the genetic pool. In this study, l-cysteine-modified 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane-coated magnetic nanomaterial showed a maximum removal of the efficiency of 82.90% for the nanomaterial dosage of 30 mg at an initial concentration of 50 mg L−1 at pH 6.0. Further, the nanomaterial showed reusability efficiency up to 80% for three cycles. The adsorption kinetics follow the pseudo-second-order reaction and the adsorption isotherm model best fits the Langmuir isotherm proving the adsorption process to be a monolayer sorption on a monolayer surface. This magnetic nanomaterial could serve as a promising tool for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds from aqueous solutions.
Graphical abstract
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Micron-scale crack propagation in laser-irradiated enamel and dentine studied with nano-CT
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to see the effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation in dentine and compare this with its effect in enamel. The mechanism of crack propagation in dentine was emphasised and its clinical implications were discussed.
Materials and methods
Coronal sections of sound enamel and dentine were machined to 50-μm thickness using a FEI-Helios Plasma (FIB). The specimen was irradiated for 30 s with 2.94-μm Er:YAG laser radiation in a moist environment, using a sapphire dental probe tip, with the tip positioned 2 mm away from the sample surface. One of the sections was analysed as a control and not irradiated. Samples were analysed using the Zeiss Xradia 810 Ultra, which allows high spatial resolution, nanoscale 3D imaging using X-ray computed tomography (CT).
Results
Dentine: In the peritubular dentine, micro-cracks ran parallel to the tubules whereas in the inter-tubular region, the cracks ran orthogonal to the dentinal tubules. These cracks extended to a mean depth of approximately 10 μm below the surface. On the dentine surface, there was preferential ablation of the less mineralised intertubular dentine, and this resulted in an irregular topography associated with tubules.
Enamel: The irradiated enamel surface showed a characteristic 'rough' morphology suggesting some preferential ablation along certain microstructure directions. There appears to be very little subsurface damage, with the prismatic structure remaining intact.
Conclusions
A possible mechanism is that laser radiation is transmitted down the dentinal tubules causing micro-cracks to form in the dentinal tubule walls that tend to be limited to this region.
Clinical relevance
Crack might be a source of fracture as it represents a weak point and subsequently might lead to a failure in restorative dentistry.
https://ift.tt/2DZ9yIO
Modelling as decision support for the localisation of submarine urban wastewater outfall: Venice lagoon (Italy) as a case study
Abstract
Microbiological impact is critical in coastal areas where tourism is particularly important for both the local and regional economy. Submarine outfalls are commonly used to enhance the dispersion of treated sewage thus avoiding pollution along the coast. The Venice lagoon (North Italy) has a very sensitive ecosystem, due to the morphological and natural characteristics of the basin and the co-existence of human activities. To preserve the lagoon, the discharge from the treatment plant for urban wastewater collected from the Venezia-Mestre agglomeration, neighbouring areas and local industries (total of 400,000 population equivalent—PE) has been moved from the lagoon to the open Adriatic Sea since November 2013 by means of an approximately 20-km pipeline. Microbiological pollution inside the lagoon can affect shellfish breeding areas instead, along the coast it affects the quality of bathing waters. In this study, and for the first time, a 3D hydrodynamic SHYFEM model (shallow water finite element model) with high spatial resolution coupled with a microbiological module has been applied to the lagoon and to the Adriatic Sea, to evaluate the effectiveness of the location of the submarine outfall. Microbiological data have been produced by the control Authority according to official analytic methods and by the plant operator. The module of survival of free Escherichia coli follows a variable rate in dependence of UV radiation, temperature and salinity in the water. Two scenarios were modelled: final discharge into the lagoon before November 2013 and after into the open sea. In the latter case, two situations have been considered, one with "Bora" and the other with "Scirocco" winds. Our results indicate that the model correctly simulates microbiological decay and dispersion. The transferral of the final discharge point far from the shoreline improves pollution dispersion, thus preserving the lagoon without evidence of impacts on the bathing waters in all meteorological conditions.
https://ift.tt/2IF8NmS
Retentive force of PEEK secondary crowns on zirconia primary crowns over time
Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the retentive forces of CAD/CAM-fabricated polyetheretherketone (PEEK) secondary crowns on zirconia primary crowns over an artificial aging period representing 10 years of clinical service and compare them to electroformed secondary crowns made from pure gold.
Material and methods
Implant-supported zirconia primary crowns (N = 20) were CAD/CAM milled and provided either with electroformed secondary crowns (group ZE; N = 10) or CAD/CAM-fabricated PEEK secondary crowns (group ZP; N = 10). All secondary crowns were attached to a casted tertiary structure to ensure adequate stability. A universal testing machine was used to determine the retentive force values at baseline and after 1, 3, 5, and 10 years of simulated aging in the presence of artificial saliva. Data were analyzed applying Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U test. Level of significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results
Retentive forces were not different for the groups ZE and ZP at baseline (median ZE 2.85 N; ZP 2.8 N; p ≤ 0.218). Because retentive force values changed significantly over simulation time for group ZE (Kruskal-Wallis; p ≤ 0.028), the values between the test groups ZE and ZP differed significantly (Mann-Whitney U) at 5 years (ZE 3.03 N; ZP 2.76 N; p ≤ 0.003) and 10 years (ZE 3.1 N; ZP 2.78 N; p ≤ 0.011).
Conclusions
PEEK secondary crowns exhibit stable retentive force values over 10 years of simulated aging showing no signs of deterioration while the retentive force values of electroformed secondary crowns increase over time.
Clinical relevance
PEEK might be a suitable alternative to proven metallic materials for the fabrication of secondary crowns.
https://ift.tt/2OFfBXa
Effect of EDTA root conditioning on the outcome of coronally advanced flap with connective tissue graft: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Objectives
CAF in combination with a connective tissue graft (CTG) is considered the technique of choice for treating gingival recessions (GRs). Among the many recognized factors that can affect the outcomes, the use of chemical agents has been proposed. The effect of EDTA, as a commonly used agent, remains controversial. Therefore, the aim of this review was to assess the efficacy of EDTA root conditioning when combined to CAF + CTG.
Material and methods
A literature search was conducted to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that performed CAF + CTG with and without EDTA for root coverage procedures. The following outcomes were assessed: recession reduction (Rec Red), complete root coverage (CRC), keratinized tissue gain (KT gain), clinical attachment level changes (CAL gain), and changes in pocket depth (PD changes).
Results
Fourteen RCTs (575 GRs) were included and analyzed. Six articles were included in the EDTA group, with 8 in the non-EDTA group. Meta-analyses revealed statistically significant differences for the outcomes of Rec Red (3.68 mm versus 3.07 mm), CAL gain (4.15 mm versus 3.07 mm), and PD changes (− 0.44 mm versus 0.27 mm) in favor of the EDTA group, while outcomes of CRC (odds ratio of 1.15) and KT gain (1.98 mm versus 1.62 mm) were not significantly different.
Conclusions
Limited evidence is available when evaluating the effectiveness of EDTA root conditioning with CAF + CTG. However, the adjunct application of EDTA with CAF + CTG appears to be beneficial.
Clinical relevance
The adjunct application of EDTA may provide benefits when performing root coverage procedure via CAF + CTG.
https://ift.tt/2E1QpWB
How neuraxial labor analgesia differs by approach: dural puncture epidural as a novel option
Abstract
Background and aim
Neuraxial analgesia techniques are not limited to just standard epidural and CSE blocks. A novel approach called dural puncture epidural (DPE) which is a modification of CSE in terms of practice has gained popularity after its description and use in the obstetric population. The aim of this review is to address the practice of DPE technique as a novel option by reviewing its benefits as well as side and/or adverse effects and to understand how neuraxial labor analgesia differs by approach based on the information available in the current literature
Discussion
Despite controversies and concerns, more rapid onset of analgesia, early bilateral sacral analgesia, lower incidence of asymmetric block and fewer maternal and fetal side effects are provided with DPE when compared to epidural.
Conclusion
DPE offers a favorable risk–benefit ratio for management of neuraxial analgesia as a novel option.
https://ift.tt/2BXteu5
The internal nasal valve: a validated grading system and operative guide
Abstract
Purpose
Nasal obstruction is a highly subjective and commonly reported symptom. The internal nasal valve (INV) is the rate limiting step to nasal airflow. A static INV grading score was devised with regard to visibility of the middle turbinate.
Methods
A prospective study of all patients who underwent primary external functional septorhinoplasty in 2017 for nasal obstruction. All patients' INV score was assessed pre- and postoperatively in a blinded and independent fashion by surgeons of varying seniority.
Results
Twenty-eight patients were studied, with mean age 30.9 years and follow-up 18.8 weeks. Inter-rater and test–retest reliability of INV grading were excellent, with Cronbach's alpha 0.936 and 0.920, respectively. There was also statistically significant improvement in both subjective and objective postoperative outcome measures including nasal inspiratory peak flows.
Conclusions
We demonstrate a novel, easy to interpret, clinically valuable grading system of the static internal nasal valve that is reliable and reproducible.
https://ift.tt/2BZJ2fQ
Role and Mechanism of the Nod-Like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Inflammasome in Oral Disease
Publication date: Available online 6 October 2018
Source: Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Kejia Lv, Guohua Wang, Chenlu Shen, Xia Zhang, Hua Yao
Abstract
Objective
To summarize evidence and data from experimental studies regarding the role and mechanism of the Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the pathogenesis of several representative oral diseases.
Materials and methods
A literature search of PubMed and EBSCO was performed. The literature was searched using a combination of keywords, e.g., NLRP3 inflammasome, inflammation, microorganisms, oral inflammatory diseases, and oral immunological diseases.
Results
The initiation and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome are associated with the pathogenesis and progression of several representative oral diseases, including periodontitis, oral lichen planus, dental pulp disease, and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.
Conclusions
The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role in the progression of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses. The possible role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in several oral diseases, including not only periodontitis and pulpitis but also mucosal diseases and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, may involve the aberrant regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. Understanding the cellular and molecular biology of the NLRP3 inflammasome is necessary because the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of oral inflammatory and immunological diseases.
https://ift.tt/2zUotzS
Interferon-induced epithelial response to rhinovirus-16 in asthma relates to inflammation and FEV1
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Abilash Ravi, Jan Koster, Annemiek Dijkhuis, Suzanne M. Bal, Yanaika S. Sabogal Piñeros, Peter I. Bonta, Christof J. Majoor, Peter J. Sterk, René Lutter
https://ift.tt/2CvFHGw
Cholestenoic Acid is a Prognostic Biomarker in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Jennifer H. Madenspacher, Renee D. Stapleton, Benjamin T. Suratt, Anne E. Dixon, Fred B. Lih, Julie M. Lowe, Kara J. Mould, William J. Janssen, Eric D. Morrell, Mark M. Wurfel, Stavros Garantziotis, Kenneth B. Tomer, Michael B. Fessler
https://ift.tt/2IKzyGQ
Increased surface expression of NOTCH on memory T cells in peripheral blood from asthma patients
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Irma Tindemans, Heleen Vroman, Melanie Lukkes, Menno van Nimwegen, Marjolein J.W. de Bruijn, Bobby W.S. Li, Alex Kleinjan, Geertje M. de Boer, Gerdien A. Tramper, Mirjam Kool, Gert-Jan Braunstahl, Rudi W. Hendriks
https://ift.tt/2Csb9oU
Human TBK1 is required for early autophagy induction upon HSV1 infection
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Liyana Ahmad, Bayarchimeg Mashbat, Corwin Leung, Charlotte Brookes, Samar Hamad, Sina Krokowski, Avinash R. Shenoy, Lazaro Lorenzo, Michael Levin, Peter O'Hare, Shen-Ying Zhang, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Serge Mostowy, Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu
https://ift.tt/2E3jGAt
Carcinogenic epithelial-mesenchymal transition initiated by oral cancer exosomes is inhibited by anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab
Publication date: November 2018
Source: Oral Oncology, Volume 86
Author(s): Toshifumi Fujiwara, Takanori Eguchi, Chiharu Sogawa, Kisho Ono, Jun Murakami, Soichiro Ibaragi, Jun-ichi Asaumi, Stuart K. Calderwood, Kuniaki Okamoto, Ken-ichi Kozaki
Abstract
Overexpression and increased signaling from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) often changes oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and thus EGFR is frequently targeted molecularly by the therapeutic antibody cetuximab. We assessed the roles of OSCC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes in the trafficking of cetuximab and in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of epithelial cells. OSCC cells abundantly expressed EGFR, which was secreted from cells with OSCC-EVs upon EGF stimulations. The OSCC-EGFR-EVs were then able to enter into and transform epithelial cells leading to increased mesenchymal traits with increased vimentin and spindle-like shapes. EGF priming of OSCC cells further increased this EMT-initiating effect of the OSCC-EVs. The internalization and pro-EMT effects of the OSCC-EVs were largely blocked by cetuximab. Thus, OSCC-derived EVs transform normal epithelial cells into a mesenchymal phenotype and anti-EGFR therapeutic antibody cetuximab inhibits such a carcinogenic effect of the OSCC-EVs.
https://ift.tt/2RxEy5g
Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the alveolar process of maxilla
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Oral Oncology
Author(s): Muhammad Shahid Iqbal, Sarah Matthews, Anne Chambers, Charles Kelly, Omar Ahmed, James Adams
https://ift.tt/2yj6DVs
Œdème palpébral induit par le pemetrexed (Alminta®)
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): A. Badaoui, E. Mahé
Résumé
Introduction
Les œdèmes palpébraux induits par les médicaments sont rares. Nous rapportons une observation de patient ayant développé ce type d'œdème sous chimiothérapie.
Observation
Un homme de 56 ans consultait pour un œdème bilatéral des paupières inférieures apparu 6 mois plus tôt, après trois cycles de pemetrexed-carboplatine prescrits pour un adénocarcinome bronchique avec métastases cérébrales. L'œdème, indolore et non prurigineux, était de consistance molle et s'aggravait progressivement. En l'absence d'autre cause, le diagnostic d'œdèmes dus au pemetrexed était retenu. Compte tenu de son efficacité, et avec l'accord du patient, ce traitement était néanmoins maintenu.
Discussion
Les œdèmes palpébraux secondaires aux injections de pemetrexed sont rares ; à ce jour, seuls 22 cas en ont été rapportés dans la littérature. Il convient donc d'éliminer tous les diagnostics différentiels avant de conclure à ce diagnostic. La physiopathologie est inconnue. Certains auteurs avancent une hypothèse identique aux œdèmes sous docetaxel : fuite capillaire protéique entraînant des œdèmes cutanés et sous-cutanés et des épanchements non tumoraux. D'autres traitements tels que des inhibiteurs de tyrosine kinase (imatinib et nilotinib) ou des inhibiteurs de mTOR (sirolimus) peuvent également induire des œdèmes palpébraux. Un cas d'excision chirurgicale des tissus palpébraux lymphœdémateux a été décrit, avec un bon résultat à 6 mois de suivi.
Summary
Background
Drug-induced eyelid edemas are rare. Herein, we describe a patient who developed this type of edema under chemotherapy.
Patients and methods
A 56-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension and adenocarcinoma of the lung with brain metastases consulted for incipient non-itchy eyelid edema with progressive worsening. The swelling occurred after 3 cycles of pemetrexed-carboplatin. There was no evidence of any other cause of edema. A diagnosis of pemetrexed-induced eyelid edema was made. Given the efficacy of this treatment and the patient's consent thereto, it was maintained.
Discussion
Palpebral edemas secondary to pemetrexed are very rare, with only 22 published cases in the literature. Other differential diagnoses must be ruled out before considering this etiology. The pathogenesis of eyelid edema remains unknown. One hypothesis is capillary protein leakage inducing swelling in soft tissue and non-malignant effusion, as has been suggested for docetaxel. Other agents such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib and nilotinib) and mTOR inhibitors (sirolimus) may also cause eyelid edema. Treatment of eyelid edema is difficult and one case of surgical treatment has been published with good results and no recurrence after 6 months.
https://ift.tt/2IHu4fY
Relative efficacy of systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis
Publication date: Available online 6 October 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Edward W. Seger, Todd Wechter, Lindsay Strowd, Steven R. Feldman
Abstract
Background
Systemic medications are often required for severe atopic dermatitis (AD) refractory to topical therapies. Biologic medications are a recent advancement in the field and a comparison to traditional systemic approaches would be beneficial.
Objective
To compare efficacies of systemic therapies for the treatment of AD
Methods
A systematic literature review was performed using Medline, Ovid and Embase. Randomized controlled trials looking at the efficacy of systemic treatments for AD in adults and children were included.
Results
A total of 41 studies met criteria and were included in our final analysis. Consistent improvements in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) and Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) were reported with dupilumab and cyclosporine. Phase 2 clinical trials for lebrikizumab and tralokinumab were effective and would benefit from Phase 3 trials. No study reported efficacy of biologic medications in pediatric patients, however cyclosporine improved clinical severity by the greatest amount in this group.
Limitations
A lack of well controlled comparison studies make direct comparisons between the treatments difficult.
Conclusion
For treatment of severe AD, the strongest evidence currently exists for dupilumab and cyclosporine at improving clinical disease severity. Further research is required to determine long term safety and efficacy of biologic medications.
https://ift.tt/2CsRiWN
Predictors of mucosal melanoma survival in a population-based setting
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Lisa Altieri, Megan Eguchi, David H. Peng, Myles Cockburn
Abstract
Background
Mucosal melanomas are rare and aggressive neoplasms, with little published population-based data on predictors of survival.
Objective
To assess the influences of race/ethnicity, sex, tumor stage, tumor thickness, and anatomic site on mucosal melanoma survival estimates.
Methods
We analyzed 132,751 cases of melanoma, including 1,824 mucosal melanomas, diagnosed between 1994 and 2015 and reported to the California Cancer Registry. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression assessed the prognostic variables.
Results
The 5-year relative survival for mucosal melanomas (27.64%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 25.42 – 29.91) was significantly lower than for cutaneous melanomas (76.28%, 95% CI 76.03 – 76.53). Stage independently influenced survival, and thickness did not predict survival for neoplasms of known depth. Less common anatomic sites conferred worse prognoses (hazard ratio [HR] 1.93, 95% CI: 1.41 – 2.64).
Limitations
Lack of a standardized staging system may have resulted in misclassification of stage for some neoplasms. The influence of genetics is unknown because our database did not contain genetic characteristics.
Conclusions
Stage and anatomic site, but not thickness (i.e. Breslow depth), race, or ethnicity, determine prognosis of mucosal melanomas. Considering the poor prognosis for all stages of mucosal melanoma, dermatologists should incorporate examination of the oropharynx and genitalia in the full body skin exam.
https://ift.tt/2IL0fuY
Approaches to limit systemic antibiotic use in acne: Systemic alternatives, emerging topical therapies, dietary modification, and laser and light-based treatments
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): John S. Barbieri, Natalie Spaccarelli, David J. Margolis, William D. James
Abstract
Acne is one of the most common diseases worldwide and affects approximately 50 million individuals in the United States. Oral antibiotics are the most common systemic agent prescribed for the treatment of acne. However, their use may be associated with a variety of adverse outcomes including bacterial resistance and disruption of the microbiome. As a result, multiple treatment guidelines call for limiting the use of oral antibiotics in the treatment of acne, although actual prescribing often does not follow these guidelines. In this review, the rationale for concerns regarding the use of oral antibiotics for the management of acne is reviewed. In addition, we will discuss our approach to complying with the intent of the guidelines, with a focus on novel topical agents, dietary modification, laser and light-based modalities, and systemic medications such as spironolactone, combined oral contraceptives, and oral isotretinoin.
https://ift.tt/2CtWCZX
Comparative Clinicopathological Analysis of Cutaneous Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified, According to Primary Tumor Site
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Mi Hye Lee, Myoung Eun Choi, Chong Hyun Won, Sung Eun Chang, Mi Woo Lee, Jee Ho Choi, Woo Jin Lee
https://ift.tt/2IM6dMd
Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitor-associated bullous pemphigoid: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Khalaf Kridin, Arnon D. Cohen
https://ift.tt/2CvRuET
Future considerations for clinical dermatology in the setting of 21st century American policy reform: corporatization and the rise of private equity in dermatology
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Sailesh Konda, Joseph Francis, Kiran Motaparthi, Jane M. Grant-Kels, Group for Research of Corporatization and Private Equity in Dermatology
Abstract
Within the last two decades, for-profit financial groups have become increasingly involved in health care. Outlier dermatology practices with high volumes of well-reimbursed procedures are attractive to consolidation backed by private equity. With fewer choices for independent or group private practice, junior dermatologists are increasingly seeking employment without ownership in private equity-backed corporate groups, whose primary fiscal responsibility lies with investors. Medicare's response to corporatization and consolidation has already changed the practice of dermatopathology. Dermatologists should be aware of this history, given the ability of corporations and private equity groups to shape the present and future of our field.
https://ift.tt/2IGzo3b
The use of topical rapamycin in the treatment of superficial lymphatic malformations
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Pablo García Montero, Javier del Boz, Eulalia Baselga Torres, José Manuel Azaña Defez, Manuel Alcaraz Vera, Jesús Tercedor Sánchez, Lucero Noguera Morel, Ángel Vera Casaño
Abstract
Background
The superficial lymphatic component of vascular malformations poses a significant treatment challenge. It is responsible for the majority of symptoms presented and to date there is no consensus regarding treatment.
Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of topical rapamycin in treating superficial lymphatic malformations (LM).
Methods
A case series study was performed of patients with superficial LM, treated with topical rapamycin. The clinical characteristics of the patients and the concentration and application mode of the drug were recorded. The changes in the signs and symptoms observed, and associated adverse effects, were then noted and analysed.
Results
The study population consisted of 11 patients, average age 10.5 years. All were treated with topical rapamycin, in six cases at 1%, in one at 0.8% and in four at 0.4%. Changes in the clinical appearance of the lesions were observed in all patients. The associated symptoms, present in 9 of the 11 patients, improved in every case. The mean follow-up time was 16.1 months.
Limitations
This study is retrospective, with a small sample size and considerable heterogeneity of lesions and treatment approaches.
Conclusions
Treatment with topical rapamycin modifies the clinical appearance and alleviates the symptoms of superficial LM.
https://ift.tt/2CuAVZA
Surgical Pearl: Achieving Eversion Utilizing Topical Tissue Adhesive
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Marjon Vatanchi, Shang I Brian Jiang
https://ift.tt/2IGzjfT
Co-occurrence of infantile hemangiomas and other birthmarks
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Brooke Hanson, Logan G. Spector, Christina Boull, Ingrid Polcari, Kristen Hook, Sheilagh Maguiness
https://ift.tt/2CuVYeH
Analysis of cutaneous Merkel Cell Carcinoma outcomes after different surgical interventions
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Lu Yan, Ledong Sun, Zhiguang Guan, Shanshan Wei, Yanru Wang, Pengfei Li
Background
Current guidelines recommend local excision margin (EM) with 1 to 2cm on primary merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) site.
Objective
We compared survival outcomes of MCC patients treated with different surgical interventions.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of MCC cases in the SEER database was performed by Kaplan-Meier, competing risk and Cox proportional hazards regression model analyses. Influence of age, T stage, AJCC stage, adjuvant radiotherapy and other subgroups were also analyzed by pair-wise log-rank test.
Results
Our results indicated significant association between local destruction method and inferior survival, while EM>2cm showed significantly higher overall survival (OS). In addition, competing risk analysis depicted similar trend as Kaplan-Meier analysis, and considerably reduced estimated cumulative incidence. Further subgroup pair-wise analysis demonstrated that EM>2cm method had better survival in patients younger than 60 years, having smaller tumor diameters (T1 and T2) or undergone adjuvant radiotherapy (p<0.05). In contrast, different EMs did not show any significant association with survival rate in patients older than 75 years or stage III tumors.
Limitations
This study was not prospectively randomized without relapse data.
Conclusions
It is challenging to make optimal EM recommendations, as surgical options may depend on individual case situations. Further prospective randomized studies are warranted.
https://ift.tt/2IFeilu
Central Obesity, Faster Maturation, and ‘PCOS’ in Girls
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
Author(s): Francis de Zegher, Abel López-Bermejo, Lourdes Ibáñez
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) development commonly starts with a mismatch between pre- and postnatal weight gain, leading to hepatovisceral fat excess. To escape from such central obesity, girls may accelerate their growth and/or maturation. This homeostatic mechanism is lost upon reaching adult height, and PCOS may ensue. Prevention and/or treatment of PCOS should aim at reducing central fat excess.
https://ift.tt/2pFUF4g
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms, Treatment, and Complications
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
Author(s): Emma C. Johns, Fiona C. Denison, Jane E. Norman, Rebecca M. Reynolds
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disturbance during pregnancy. The prevalence is rising and correlates with the increase in maternal obesity over recent decades. The etiology of GDM is complex, with genetic and environmental factors implicated in mechanistic and epidemiological studies. GDM begets important short- and long-term health risks for the mother, developing fetus, and offspring. This includes the high likelihood of subsequent maternal type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and possible adverse cardiometabolic phenotypes in the offspring. The most clinically and cost-effective methods of screening for GDM remain uncertain. Whilst treatments with lifestyle and pharmacological interventions have demonstrated short-term benefits, the long-term impact for the offspring of intrauterine exposure to antidiabetic medication remains unclear.
https://ift.tt/2PbtFEF
Serum concentrations of HGF are correlated with response to anti-PD-1 antibody therapy in patients with metastatic melanoma
Publication date: Available online 6 October 2018
Source: Journal of Dermatological Science
Author(s): Yosuke Kubo, Satoshi Fukushima, Yukiko Inamori, Mina Tsuruta, Sho Egashira, Saori Yamada-Kanazawa, Satoshi Nakahara, Aki Tokuzumi, Azusa Miyashita, Jun Aoi, Ikko Kajihara, Yusuke Tomita, Kazumasa Wakamatsu, Masatoshi Jinnin, Hironobu Ihn
Abstract
Background
Anti-programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 antibody treatment is associated with a notable improvement in only 30%–40% of patients. Thus, a predictive and easily measured marker of the clinical benefit of anti-PD-1 antibody treatment is necessary; therefore, in this study, we focused on the serum concentration of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).
Objectives
To evaluate whether the serum concentration of HGF can be used as a biomarker for the clinical response to anti-PD-1 antibody therapy.
Methods
This study included 29 metastatic melanoma patients receiving nivolumab or pembrolizumab. Nine patients responded to anti-PD-1 antibody treatment, whereas the other 20 patients did not. The serum concentrations of HGF were analyzed by using ELISA. In 28 patients, immunohistochemical analysis of the HGF protein in patients' cancer tissues was also performed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors were cultured with an anti-CD3 antibody in the presence or absence of HGF and c-MET inhibitor. The expression of perforin in CD8+ T cells were evaluated by using flow cytometry.
Results
Among the 29 recruited patients, the non-responders displayed higher serum concentrations of HGF than the responders (P = 0.00124). Patients with low serum concentrations of HGF showed longer overall survival (N = 28, P = 0.039; HR 0.3125, 95% CI 0.1036–0.9427) and progression-free survival (N = 24, P = 0.0068; HR 0.2087, 95% CI 0.06525–0.6676) than those with high concentrations of HGF. We observed a significant correlation between the serum concentration of HGF and immunohistochemical-positive staining (P = 0.000663). In a flow cytometry analysis of PBMCs from healthy donors, HGF was found to downregulate perforin secretion. Furthermore, the addition of capmatinib, a specific inhibitor of c-MET, increased the expression of perforin in CD8+ T cells.
Conclusions
HGF concentration represents a valid biomarker that can be further developed for the evaluation of anti-PD-1 therapy. Our results suggested that c-MET inhibition promotes perforin expression in CD8+ T cells. Therefore, c-MET inhibitors can activate the immune system and may play an important role in combined immunotherapy.
https://ift.tt/2pCQFkX
The relationship between autophagy, increased neutrophil extracellular traps formation and endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease
Publication date: Available online 6 October 2018
Source: Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Jwa-Kyung Kim, Mi Jin Park, Hoi Woul Lee, Hyung Seok Lee, Sun Ryoung Choi, Young Rim Song, Hyung Jik Kim, Hyeong-Cheon Park, Sung Gyun Kim
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), the number of circulating neutrophils are increased, and this is usually accompanied by an increased basal activation state. However, the possible association between neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) with vascular complications has not been evaluated. We assessed the relationship between NETs, autophagy and endothelial dysfunction in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. NET formation, neutrophil elastase (NE) activities, and serum nucleosome levels were measured in MHD (n = 60) and controls (n = 20). Basal NET formation were markedly increased in MHD patient compared to controls. After PMA stimulation, MHD neutrophils showed significantly increased NETs formation response than controls. The degree of NETs was strongly associated with lower flow-mediated dilatation(%) of brachial artery even after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and uremic toxins. Moreover, MHD neutrophils showed increased basal autophagy activity. Interestingly, the levels of NETs were markedly augmented after autophagy inhibition, suggesting a protective role of autophagy in excessive NET formation.
https://ift.tt/2NrBioN
Podocyte foot process width is a prediction marker for complete renal response at 6 and 12 months after induction therapy in lupus nephritis
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Kunihiro Ichinose, Mineaki Kitamura, Shuntaro Sato, Keita Fujikawa, Yoshiro Horai, Naoki Matsuoka, Masahiko Tsuboi, Fumiaki Nonaka, Toshimasa Shimizu, Shoichi Fukui, Masataka Umeda, Tomohiro Koga, Shin-ya Kawashiri, Naoki Iwamoto, Takashi Igawa, Mami Tamai, Hideki Nakamura, Tomoki Origuchi, Tomoya Nishino, Atsushi Kawakami
Abstract
Morphological change that includes diffuse effacement of podocyte foot processes is correlated with proteinuria in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). We collected the data of clinico-pathological parameters and assessed foot process width (FPW) as an index of podocyte effacement in 73 patients with LN who had undergone renal biopsy. The multivariate analysis revealed that female gender (OR: 5.288; 95%CI: 1.197–37.29; p = .0267) and FPW (OR = 0.999, 95%CI = 0.997–0.999, p = .0150) were significantly predictive of a complete renal response (CR) at 6 months, while lymphocyte counts (OR = 1.002; 95%CI = 1.001–1.003, p = .0028) and FPW (OR = 0.998, 95%CI = 0.996–0.999, p = .0027) were significantly predictive of CR at 12 months. The cut-off point determined by the Classification and Regression Trees algorithm showed that FPW <908.3 nm provides the best performance for predicting patients who achieve CR at 12 months. A smaller FPW appears to be a predictive factor for CR at 6 and 12 months after induction therapy.
https://ift.tt/2y60I6O
Fra-2 is a novel candidate drug target expressed in the podocytes of lupus nephritis
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Changliang Xu, Yunjie Miao, Qingmeng Pi, Shoucao Zhu, Furong Li
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and devastating complication caused by systemic lupus erythematosus. In this study, we evaluated the expression and mechanism of Fos-related antigen 2 (Fra-2) in LN. The results showed that Fra-2 was significantly increased in kidney biopsies of LN patients compared with healthy controls and other kidney disease in glomerular podocytes. The MRL/lpr mouse strain is a murine model of lupus, and it was used to study the mechanisms of Fra-2 in LN. The results showed that Fra-2 was expressed in the glomerular podocytes. We investigated the effects of inflammatory stimuli on Fra-2 protein expression in the glomerular podocytes, and found that interferon gamma was most effective at increasing Fra-2 protein expression. Knockdown of Fra-2 using siRNA enhanced the protein expression of nephrin. Therefore, Fra-2 may be a specific drug target for podocyte injury in LN.
https://ift.tt/2NrB9BL
Usefulness of serum biopterin as a predictive biomarker for childhood asthma control: A prospective cohort study
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Allergology International
Author(s): Saki Kasuga, Daijiro Kabata, Tomoko Sakaguchi, Satoshi Kudoh, Satsuki Nishigaki, Yusuke Higa, Shiori Fujikawa, Hiroko Fujitani, Ayumi Shintani, Takashi Hamazaki, Haruo Shintaku
Abstract
Background
Pteridines are metabolites of tetrahydrobiopterin, which serves as co-enzyme of nitric oxide synthase. We sought to investigate the usefulness of pteridines as biomarkers for childhood asthma control.
Methods
We conducted a single-center prospective cohort study involving 168 asthmatic children aged 4–17 years who visited the periodical asthma checkup program. Serum neopterin and biopterin levels were measured as pteridines at each visit along with measurement of FeNO, respiratory function tests, nasal eosinophil test, blood eosinophil count, and IgE level. We calculated coefficients for relation between pteridines and asthma control, which was assessed by questionnaires (JPAC: Japanese Pediatric Asthma Control Program).
Results
A total of 168 participants aged 10.3 ± 3.39 years (mean ± SD) with asthma were recruited. The participants in this study contained 58 patients (34.5%) of complete-controlled based on JPAC, 132 patients (76.0%) of well-controlled group based on GINA. FeNO and serum neopterin level did not correlate with following period's JPAC scores. In contrast, serum biopterin level significantly correlated with following period's JPAC total score (Coefficients 0.398; 95% CI 0.164 to 0.632; p value 0.001) and frequency of wheezing during exercise (Coefficients 0.272; 95% CI 0.217 to 0.328; p value < 0.001).
Conclusions
We found serum biopterin effected the following period's control status of asthmatic children, thus monitoring biopterin level will be a useful for management of asthma to adjust treatment.
https://ift.tt/2E3r12R
Editorial Board
Publication date: December 2018
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Volume 54
Author(s):
https://ift.tt/2RvMqUU
The prevalence of otitis media in 2–3 year old Cameroonian children estimated by tympanometry
Publication date: Available online 6 October 2018
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): John Njuma Libwea, Marie Kobela, Paul Koki Ndombo, Ritva K. Syrjänen, Heini Huhtala, Ninying Fointama, Sinata Koulla-Shiro, Hanna Nohynek, J. Pekka Nuorti, Arto A. Palmu
Abstract
Background
Acute otitis media is a common illness in children under-five years of age and associated with major health care resources in high-income countries. However, there is paucity of data on its epidemiology and clinical presentation in low-income countries. We estimated the prevalence of otitis media and assessed risk factors among children in Cameroon.
Methods
A community-based cross-sectional prevalence study of otitis media (OM) was performed on randomly selected children aged 2–3 years in Yaoundé, Cameroon from March to June 2013. OM was assessed by clinical inspection for chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and tympanometry for otitis media with effusion (OME). CSOM was defined as draining of the middle ear with duration of more than two weeks and OME was defined as a flat 'type B' tympanogram.
Results
Out of 529 children enrolled in the study, 433 (56% males) subjects with available tympanograms were evaluated. Altogether, 9.7% (42/433) of children met the case definition of CSOM, OME or its complications. This consisted of 3 (0.7%) children identified with unilateral CSOM; 7 (1.6%) children with bilateral OME; 31 (7.2%) with unilateral OME and 1 (0.2%) subject with unilateral dry tympanic membrane perforation.
Logistic regression analyses showed statistically significant association between OM and parental reporting of "current symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections", Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) = 3.71; 95% CI = 1.69–8.14).
Conclusion
As many as two out of a hundred children between the ages of 2–3 years were affected by significant middle ear disease i.e. CSOM or bilateral OME. These data could be useful as a baseline for estimating the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV13) introduced in July 2011 for infants in Cameroon.
https://ift.tt/2Pgz6Ck
ARID3a gene profiles are strongly associated with human interferon alpha production
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Journal of Autoimmunity
Author(s): Michelle L. Ratliff, Joshua Garton, Lori Garman, M. David Barron, Constantin Georgescu, Kathryn A. White, Eliza Chakravarty, Jonathan D. Wren, Courtney G. Montgomery, Judith A. James, Carol F. Webb
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN) causes inflammatory responses to pathogens, and can be elevated in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We previously reported unexpected associations of increased numbers of B lymphocytes expressing the DNA-binding protein ARID3a with both IFN alpha (IFNα) expression and increased disease activity in SLE. Here, we determined that IFNα producing low density neutrophils (LDNs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) from SLE patients exhibit strong associations between ARID3a protein expression and IFNα production. Moreover, SLE disease activity indices correlate most strongly with percentages of ARID3a+ LDNs, but were also associated, less significantly, with IFNα expression in LDNs and pDCs. Hierarchical clustering and transcriptome analyses of LDNs and pDCs revealed SLE patients with low ARID3a expression cluster with healthy controls and identified gene profiles associated with increased proportions of ARID3a- and IFNα-expressing cells of each type. These data identify ARID3a as a potential transcription regulator of IFNα-related inflammatory responses and other pathways important for SLE disease activity.
https://ift.tt/2Ctucz5
Value-driven attentional capture in neglect
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018
Source: Cortex
Author(s): Alexia Bourgeois, Arnaud Saj, Patrik Vuilleumier
Abstract
Objective
Recent studies suggest that motivational cues such as rewards may be a powerful determinant of attentional selection, both in healthy subjects and in brain-damaged patients suffering from neglect. However, the exact brain mechanisms underlying these effects and their relation to other well-known attentional systems are still poorly known.
Methods
We designed a visual search paradigm to examine how value-based attentional priority could modulate spatial orienting in patients with pathological biases due to neglect after right hemispheric stroke. Targets were preceded by exogenous valid or invalid spatial cues, in the presence or absence of distractors that were associated with high reward values subsequent to an initial reinforcement training phase.
Results
We found that the learned reward value of distractors interfered with spatial reorienting toward the left (neglected) side when neglect patients were invalidly cued to the right side. Moreover, the presence of reward-associated distractors in the contralesional field interfered most with the detection of task-relevant targets on the same side, and this interference was exaggerated with more severe neglect. Voxelwise anatomical lesion analysis indicated that damage to the right angular gyrus, as well as lateral occipital and inferior temporal areas of the right hemisphere, were associated with stronger value-driven attentional effects.
Conclusions
Visual stimuli previously associated with rewards receive higher attentional priority during visual search despite pathological spatial biases due to neglect, and thus interfere with orienting to contralesional targets, presumably by competing with top-down mechanisms controlling exogenous spatial attention. Reward signals may bias neural activity evoked by visual stimuli, independent of conscious control, through a common priority map integrating several different attentional influences. These results do not only provide novel insights to link spatial orienting and motivational signals within current models of attention, but also open new perspectives that may usefully be exploited for neurological rehabilitation strategies in patients suffering from attentional deficits and neglect.
https://ift.tt/2E1x7k9
Angiotensin II-mediated suppression of synaptic proteins in mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cell was inhibited by propofol: role of calcium signaling pathway
Abstract
Purpose
Angiotensin II (Ang II) has been shown to be involved in neurological disorders. Propofol demonstrated neuroprotective effects in neurons.
Methods
Mouse hippocampal HT22 cells were pre-treated with propofol, followed by Ang II treatment. The expression of synaptic proteins (synapsin I and PSD95) was examined. The effects of propofol on Ang II-induced NADPH oxidase expression and superoxide anion generation were examined. The effects of propofol on intracellular calcium concentration, the activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and protein kinase C (PKC) were measured.
Results
Ang II reduced the expression of synapsin I and PSD95, which was attenuated by propofol. Ang II-induced effects were blocked by Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1 receptor) blocker. Ang II induced the expression of NADPH oxidase and caused superoxide anion accumulation, which were attenuated by propofol. In addition, propofol induced intracellular calcium concentration, and activated CaMKII as well as PKCβ. Importantly, the Ang II-mediated effects were diminished by α-tocopherol, and the propofol-mediated effects were alleviated by calcium chelator, CaMKII inhibitor, and PKCβ inhibitor.
Conclusion
Ang II, via AT1 receptor, induced oxidative stress and reduced the expression of synapsin I and PSD95 in HT22 cells. Propofol may increase synapsin I and PSD95 expression by inhibiting oxidative stress and stimulating calcium signaling pathway.
https://ift.tt/2Nohi6x
Clinical evaluation of a low-shrinkage resin composite in endodontically treated premolars: 3-year follow-up
Abstract
Objectives
This study compared the 3-year clinical performance of a low-shrinkage silorane-based composite material with that of a methacrylate-based composite material in the restoration of endodontically treated premolar teeth.
Materials and methods
A total of 70 patients requiring a Class II composite-resin restoration of a premolar tooth following root-canal treatment participated in the study. Cavities were restored with either a silorane-based restorative (Filtek Silorane + Silorane System Adhesive) or a methacrylate-based restorative (Filtek Z250 + Clearfil SE Bond) system applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. Restorations were evaluated by two blinded observers at five different time intervals (baseline; 6 months; 1, 2, and 3 years) according to modified USPHS criteria. Pearson's chi-square tests were used to examine differences in the clinical performance of the materials (retention, color match, marginal discoloration, secondary caries, anatomical form, marginal adaptation, and surface roughness), and Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare changes between baseline and each recall time, with a level of 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results
After 3 years, no statistically significant differences in clinical performance were observed between the two materials (p > 0.05). Intra-system comparisons revealed a statistically significant deterioration in color match, marginal discoloration, anatomical form, marginal adaptation, and surface roughness scores after 3 years for both systems. Although the difference was not significant at 3 years of follow-up, the level of deterioration in marginal adaptation and surface roughness was greater for the Filtek Silorane restoration than for the Filtek Z250 restoration at the 1 year follow-up (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
Restorations of both materials were clinically acceptable after 3 years. The Filtek Silorane system did not appear to offer any clinical advantages over the methacrylate-based system when used in the restoration of Class II cavities in endodontically treated premolars.
Clinical relevance
The restoration of endodontically treated premolars with minor or moderate loss of tooth structure can be directly performed either with silorane or methacrylate-based composite resins.
https://ift.tt/2BZuFYP
Development of novel sericin and alginate-based biosorbents for precious metal removal from wastewater
Abstract
In this study, two novel low water-soluble sericin and alginate-based biosorbents were successfully developed for precious metal removal from wastewater: sericin and alginate particles chemically crosslinked by proantocyanidins (SAPAs) and sericin, alginate and polyvinyl alcohol particles (SAPVA). The proportions of proantocynidins (PAs) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) added to sericin (2.5% w/v) and alginate (2.0% w/v) blend were 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5% w/v. Among these concentrations, particles produced with 0.5% w/v of PVA or 2.5% w/v of PAs presented the lowest water solubility percentages (3.74 ± 0.05 and 3.56 ± 0.21%, respectively) and the following metallic affinity order: AuCl4− > PdCl42− > PtCl62− > Ag+. Then, gold biosorption kinetics by SAPAs was evaluated at three gold initial concentrations (72.88, 187.12, and 273.79 mg/L), and its performance was compared to activated carbon adsorbent uptake. The data modeling revealed that the process follows pseudo-first-order kinetics and is mainly controlled by external diffusion. SAPAs before and after gold biosorption (SAPAs-gold) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, optical microscopy, helium pycnometry, mercury porosimetry, N2 physisorption, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.
https://ift.tt/2IH85Wf
Hailey‐Hailey disease successfully treated with vitamin D oral supplementation
Dermatologic Therapy, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2NtBLHr
Protective Role of Skeletal Muscle Mass against Progression from Metabolically Healthy to Unhealthy Phenotype
Clinical Endocrinology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2E1ss1E
Hailey‐Hailey disease successfully treated with vitamin D oral supplementation
Dermatologic Therapy, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2NtBLHr
Recurrent Superior Oblique Myokymia Treated by Distal Tendon Extirpation
Background: We describe successful surgical treatment of superior oblique myokymia, which had recurred after superior oblique tenectomy. Methods: Single case report. Results: The distal stump of the superior oblique tendon was extirpated by stripping it from the globe. The ipsilateral superior rectus muscle also was recessed, to correct a hypertropia that had resulted from the original superior oblique tenectomy. Conclusions: Complete removal of the distal superior oblique muscle tendon provided definitive relief of superior oblique myokymia. Superior rectus muscle recession, combined with previous inferior oblique myectomy, compensated effectively for loss of superior oblique function. Address correspondence to Jonathan C. Horton, MD, PhD, Beckman Vision Center, University of California, 10 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA 94143-0730; E-mail: hortonj@vision.ucsf.edu Supported by grants EY10217 (J.C.H.), EY02162 (Beckman Vision Center) from the National Eye Institute, and by an unrestricted grant and a Physician Scientist Award from Research to Prevent Blindness. Jessica Wong assisted with video editing. The authors report no conflicts of interest. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Web site (https://ift.tt/2BFTkP1). © 2018 by North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society
https://ift.tt/2y5EnGu
https://ift.tt/2y5EnGu
Nilotinib induction of melanogenesis via reactive oxygen species‐dependent JNK activation in B16F0 mouse melanoma cells
Experimental Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2pESu0H
Brimonidine displays anti‐inflammatory properties in the skin through the modulation of the vascular barrier function
Experimental Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2PgTJhI
Epithelioid Fibrous Histiocytoma: A Concise Review
Abstract: Epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma (EFH) is a rare lesion believed to arise from dermal microvascular unit fibroblasts and dendritic histiocytes. EFH has long been considered a morphologic variant of benign fibrous histiocytoma (dermatofibroma), with prominent epithelioid cytomorphology that can mimic both vascular and melanocytic neoplasms. The molecular basis for the relationship between EFH and benign fibrous histiocytoma has remained largely unknown, with some authors suggesting that EFH represents an entity that is biologically distinct from benign fibrous histiocytoma. Recent molecular studies have identified the presence of recurrent anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements, a phenomenon that has not been described in benign fibrous histiocytoma. These new molecular findings highlight the uniqueness of this rare tumor and may prove useful as a diagnostic tool for differentiation from other histologic mimics. Correspondence: Konstantinos Linos, MD, Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756 (e-mail: Konstantinos.linos@hitchcock.org). The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
https://ift.tt/2E3u5Mj
https://ift.tt/2E3u5Mj
Recent developments and highlights in biomarkers in allergic diseases and asthma
Allergy, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2zVlSFW
Long‐term efficacy of novel therapies in moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis of PASI response
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2y5049B
Position Statement – Linear Prurigo is a Subtype of Chronic Prurigo
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2NrTL4S
Insuline resistance, mTOR and Hidradenitis suppurativa
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2y501dV
Acute localised exanthematous pustulosis due to metronidazole
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2Ns3UhI
mTORC1 at the crossroad of metabolism and immunity in hidradenitis suppurativa
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2y6sksk
The value of dermoscopy in diagnosing eyebrow loss in patients alopecia areata and frontal fibrosing alopecia
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2NreBkW
International neural monitoring study group guideline 2018 part I: Staging bilateral thyroid surgery with monitoring loss of signal
The Laryngoscope, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2pDTHFv
Kids Nowadays Hear Better Than We Did: Declining Prevalence of Hearing Loss in US Youth, 1966–2010
The Laryngoscope, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2zUQbwm
Impact of face proportions on face attractiveness
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2OcU5tx
Clinical evaluation of the lightening effect of cytidine on hyperpigmented skin
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2E2tMS6
Use of a novel 589‐nm solid‐state laser for treatment of facial erythema
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2OdyBMX
Impact of face proportions on face attractiveness
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2OcU5tx
Clinical evaluation of the lightening effect of cytidine on hyperpigmented skin
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2E2tMS6
Use of a novel 589‐nm solid‐state laser for treatment of facial erythema
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2OdyBMX
Aggressiveness of Localized Prostate Cancer: the Key Value of Testosterone Deficiency Evaluated by Both Total and Bioavailable Testosterone: AndroCan Study Results
Abstract
Failure rates after first-line treatment of localized prostate cancer (PCa) treatment remain high. Improvements to patient selection and identification of at-risk patients are central to reducing mortality. We aimed to determine if cancer aggressiveness correlates with androgen levels in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for localized PCa. We performed a prospective, multicenter cohort study between June 2013 and June 2016, involving men with localized PCa scheduled to undergo radical prostatectomy. Clinical and hormonal patient data (testosterone deficiency, defined by total testosterone (TT) levels < 300 ng/dL and/or bioavailable testosterone (BT) levels < 80 ng/dL) were prospectively collected, along with pathological assessment of preoperative biopsy and subsequent radical prostatectomy specimens, using predominant Gleason pattern (prdGP) 3/4 grading. Of 1343 patients analyzed, 912 (68%) had prdGP3 PCa and 431 (32%) had high-grade (prdGP4, i.e., ISUP ≥ 3) disease on prostatectomy specimens. Only moderate concordance in prdGP scores between prostate biopsies and prostatectomy specimens was found. Compared with patients with prdGP3 tumors (i.e., ISUP ≤ 2), significantly more patients with prdGP4 cancers had demonstrable hypogonadism, characterized either by BT levels (17.4% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.001) or TT levels (14.2% vs. 9.7%, p = 0.020). BT levels were also lower in patients with prdGP4 tumors compared to those with prdGP3 disease. Testosterone deficiency (defined by TT and/or BT levels) was independently associated with higher PCa aggressiveness. BT is a predictive factor for prdGP4 disease, and evaluating both TT and BT to define hypogonadism is valuable in preoperative assessment of PCa (AndroCan Trial: NCT02235142).
https://ift.tt/2E0Z7o5
Serum amyloid A levels in the blood of patients with atopic dermatitis and cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma
The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2y4atm2
Prediction of therapeutic response before and during i.v. cyclophosphamide pulse therapy for interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis: A longitudinal observational study
The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2NrhQbL
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