Publication date: Available online 11 February 2017
Source:The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Author(s): Steven Pauwels, Ivo Jans, Jaak Billen, Annemieke Heijboer, Annemieke Verstuyf, Geert Carmeliet, Chantal Mathieu, Miguel Maestro, Etienne Waelkens, Pieter Evenepoel, Roger Bouillon, Dirk Vanderschueren, Pieter Vermeersch
BackgroundThe measurement of 1α,25(OH)2D3 in human serum poses a true challenge as concentrations are very low and structurally similar metabolites can interfere.Materials and methodsDuring optimization of our in-house LC-MSMS method for serum 1α,25(OH)2D3 a previously co-eluting isobaric interference was separated. The isobar was identified as 1β,25(OH)2D3 by comparing retention time and fragmentation spectra to standards (other isobaric dihydroxylated vitamin D3 analogs). 1β,25(OH)2D3 showed specific cluster formation (water), not present in 1α,25(OH)2D3. 1β,25(OH)2D3 was measured in serum of apparently healthy human volunteers (n=20), patients with high serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations (>50ng/mL) (n=33 among which 4 with very high levels (>150ng/mL)) and patients with kidney failure (n=68; 39 stage 1–3, 29 stage 4–5). Pearson's r was calculated for correlations and Mann-Whitney statistic to compare group medians.ResultsMedian serum 1β,25(OH)2D3 was 11pg/mL in apparently healthy volunteers and increased to 20pg/mL for serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 80ng/mL (n=22) (p<0.0001). 1β,25(OH)2D3 concentrations were significantly correlated to serum 25(OH)D concentrations (r=0.85) for the combined results from healthy volunteers and patient sera (n=53) (p<0.0001). For patients with kidney failure, median serum 1β,25(OH)2D3 was 7pg/mL and not different from the median level in healthy volunteers (p=0.06). The median concentration did not vary with different stages.ConclusionsWe present evidence for the widespread presence of 1β,25(OH)2D3, a new vitamin D metabolite, in human serum. The level increases with rising serum 25(OH)D concentrations and is particularly high in patients with very high 25(OH)D levels. We previously demonstrated that 1β,25(OH)2D3 is a poor genomic agonist but a potent non-genomic antagonist of 1α,25(OH)2D3. The clinical implications of the presence of this analog therefore require further exploration.
http://ift.tt/2kSLn1u
Παρασκευή 10 Φεβρουαρίου 2017
1β,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3: A new vitamin D metabolite in human serum
Japanese guidelines for allergic conjunctival diseases 2017
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2017
Source:Allergology International
Author(s): Etsuko Takamura, Eiichi Uchio, Nobuyuki Ebihara, Shigeaki Ohno, Yuichi Ohashi, Shigeki Okamoto, Naoki Kumagai, Yoshiyuki Satake, Jun Shoji, Yayoi Nakagawa, Kenichi Namba, Kazumi Fukagawa, Atsuki Fukushima, Hiroshi Fujishima
The definition, classification, pathogenesis, test methods, clinical findings, criteria for diagnosis, and therapies of allergic conjunctival disease are summarized based on the Guidelines for Clinical Management of Allergic Conjunctival Disease (Second Edition) revised in 2010. Allergic conjunctival disease is defined as "a conjunctival inflammatory disease associated with a Type I allergy accompanied by some subjective or objective symptoms." Allergic conjunctival disease is classified into allergic conjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and giant papillary conjunctivitis. Representative subjective symptoms include ocular itching, hyperemia, and lacrimation, whereas objective symptoms include conjunctival hyperemia, swelling, folliculosis, and papillae. Patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis, which is characterized by conjunctival proliferative changes called giant papilla accompanied by varying extents of corneal lesion, such as corneal erosion and shield ulcer, complain of foreign body sensation, ocular pain, and photophobia. In the diagnosis of allergic conjunctival diseases, it is required that type I allergic diathesis is present, along with subjective and objective symptoms accompanying allergic inflammation. The diagnosis is ensured by proving a type I allergic reaction in the conjunctiva. Given that the first-line drug for the treatment of allergic conjunctival disease is an antiallergic eye drop, a steroid eye drop will be selected in accordance with the severity. In the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis, an immunosuppressive eye drop will be concomitantly used with the abovementioned drugs.
http://ift.tt/2lu3jTk
Japanese guidelines for atopic dermatitis 2017
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2017
Source:Allergology International
Author(s): Ichiro Katayama, Michiko Aihara, Yukihiro Ohya, Hidehisa Saeki, Naoki Shimojo, Shunsuke Shoji, Masami Taniguchi, Hidekazu Yamada
Given the importance of appropriate diagnosis and appropriate assessment of cutaneous symptoms in treatment of atopic dermatitis, the basics of treatment in this guideline are composed of (1) investigation and countermeasures of causes and exacerbating factors, (2) correction of skin dysfunctions (skin care), and (3) pharmacotherapy, as three mainstays. These are based on the disease concept that atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory cutaneous disease with eczema by atopic diathesis, multi-factorial in onset and aggravation, and accompanied by skin dysfunctions. These three points are equally important and should be appropriately combined in accordance with the symptoms of each patient. In treatment, it is important to transmit the etiological, pathological, physiological, or therapeutic information to the patient to build a favorable partnership with the patient or his/her family so that they may fully understand the treatment. This guideline discusses chiefly the basic therapy in relation to the treatment of this disease. The goal of treatment is to enable patients to lead an uninterrupted social life and to control their cutaneous symptoms so that their quality of life (QOL) may meet a satisfactory level.The basics of treatment discussed in this guideline are based on the "Guidelines for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis 2008" prepared by the Health and Labour Sciences Research and the "Guidelines for the Management of Atopic Dermatitis 2015 (ADGL2015)" prepared by the Atopic Dermatitis Guidelines Advisory Committee, Japanese Society of Allergology in principle. The guidelines for the treatment of atopic dermatitis are summarized in the "Japanese Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Disease 2016" together with those for other allergic diseases.
http://ift.tt/2lAZoRr
Operative Mortality Rates of Acoustic Neuroma Surgery: A National Cancer Database Analysis.
http://ift.tt/2lB2jcI
Improvements in Gait With Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants.
http://ift.tt/2kZNGSP
Can the Video Head Impulse Test Define Severity of Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction?.
http://ift.tt/2lB8aig
Pilot study to evaluate a plasma device for the treatment of onychomycosis
Summary
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit, and is the most common of the nail disorders. Current therapies for onychomycosis have less than ideal efficacy and have the potential for adverse effects. As previous studies have shown that nonthermal plasma inhibits the in vitro growth of Trichophyton rubrum, we conducted a pilot study on 19 participants with toenail onychomycosis. The primary endpoint was safety of the device, and secondary outcome measures were clinical efficacy and mycological cure. Patient satisfaction was measured using questionnaires at the completion of the study. All but one patient met the primary endpoint of safety and there were no long-term sequelae. The overall clinical cure was 53.8% and the mycological cure was 15.4%. The majority of patients were satisfied with the treatment. Our conclusions are that nonthermal plasma is a safe treatment and may have a beneficial effect on toenail onychomycosis.
http://ift.tt/2l3TzOJ
Pilot study to evaluate a plasma device for the treatment of onychomycosis
Summary
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit, and is the most common of the nail disorders. Current therapies for onychomycosis have less than ideal efficacy and have the potential for adverse effects. As previous studies have shown that nonthermal plasma inhibits the in vitro growth of Trichophyton rubrum, we conducted a pilot study on 19 participants with toenail onychomycosis. The primary endpoint was safety of the device, and secondary outcome measures were clinical efficacy and mycological cure. Patient satisfaction was measured using questionnaires at the completion of the study. All but one patient met the primary endpoint of safety and there were no long-term sequelae. The overall clinical cure was 53.8% and the mycological cure was 15.4%. The majority of patients were satisfied with the treatment. Our conclusions are that nonthermal plasma is a safe treatment and may have a beneficial effect on toenail onychomycosis.
http://ift.tt/2l3TzOJ
Screening for colorectal cancer
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2017
Source:Seminars in Oncology
Author(s): Youngjee Choi, Heather F. Sateia, Kimberly S. Peairs, Rosalyn W. Stewart
This review will comprise a general overview of the impact of colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as CRC risk factors, screening modalities, guideline recommendations for screening in average-risk and high-risk individuals, and our approach to CRC screening.
http://ift.tt/2kfUGa5
Characterization of outcomes in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated with programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitors past RECIST v1.1-defined disease progression in clinical trials
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2017
Source:Seminars in Oncology
Author(s): Dickran Kazandjian, Patricia Keegan, Daniel L Suzman, Richard Pazdur, Gideon M Blumenthal
ImportanceBased on anecdotal cases of clinically important decreases in tumor size following initial evidence of disease progression when treating patients with anti-PD-1 therapies, investigators have conducted clinical trials in patients with metastatic non-small lung cancer (mNSCLC) receiving anti-PD-1 therapy allowing for treatment past RECIST-defined disease progression (TPP). However, it remains unclear what the true benefit of TPP is.ObjectiveWe describe the findings of a pooled analysis of three clinical trials where treatment of patients with mNSCLC permitted TPP in terms of reduction in the sum of target lesions following initial RECIST-defined progression.DesignWe analyzed pooled data from three trials submitted to FDA evaluating anti-PD-1 therapy for the treatment of patients with mNSCLC in which patients were allowed to receive TPP. We identified patients who received TPP and the characteristics and post-TPP change in tumor burden. Results from this retrospective analysis are descriptively stated.ParticipantsAll patients had advanced or metastatic NSCLC and had previously received a platinum-based doublet regimen.ResultsIn total, 535 patients were treated with anti-PD-1 therapy in three clinical trials of which 121 patients (23%) received TPP. Among all 535 patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy, the partial response (PR) rate (≥30% reduction in the size of target lesions compared to baseline) following TPP was 1.9% (10 of 535) or 8.3% (10 of 121) in the TPP subgroup. Patients who responded to TPP were more likely to have responded to the initial course of anti-PD-1 therapy, prior to progression.Conclusions and RelevanceOur evaluation indicated that 1.9% of anti-PD-1-treated patients with mNSCLC achieved a PR after receiving TPP. The subgroup of patients who received TPP appeared to have similar baseline characteristics and response to initial treatment compared to the overall population. This suggests that a treatment strategy that includes TPP may not benefit the overall population. The risks of TPP should be weighed against the low likelihood of a PR and the potential for changing to a different therapy with a higher likelihood of benefit.
http://ift.tt/2l3Nlhz
Prevention of 5-fluorouracil-induced early severe toxicity by pre-therapeutic dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency screening: Assessment of a multiparametric approach
Publication date: Available online 11 February 2017
Source:Seminars in Oncology
Author(s): M. Boisdron-Celle, O. Capitain, R. Faroux, C. Borg, J.P. Metges, M.P. Galais, M. Kaassis, J. Bennouna, K. Bouhier-Leporrier, E. Francois, I. Baumgaertner, V. Guerin-Meyer, O. Cojocarasu, C. Roemer-Becuwe, C. Stampfli, L. Rosenfeld, T. Lecompte, V. Berger, A. Morel, E. Gamelin
Background5-FU-based treatments can lead to early-onset severe (4 to 5%) even fatal (0.3%) toxicities in patients with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency. This multicenter prospective cohort study aimed to assess the clinical benefit of pre-therapeutic screening for DPD deficiency using a multiparametric approach.MethodsTwo parallel cohorts of patients treated with 5-FU-based chemotherapy for colorectal carcinoma were compared in a prospective non-randomized study. In Arm A, patients had DPD deficiency screening before treatment whereas in Arm B no pre-therapy screening was performed. Dosing was based on 5-FU administration guidelines of each institution. DPD deficiency screening was performed using a combined multiparametric approach (5-FUODPM Tox). The frequency of early grade 4-5 toxic events potentially induced by 5-FU was compared in the two groups.Results1142 patients (n=1116 evaluable) were enrolled. In Arm A, out of 718 evaluable patients, 9 grade 4 early toxicities potentially related to 5-FU were reported in 9 patients (1.2%) with no toxic death despite 1 complete DPD deficiency and 24 partial deficiencies. The 24 patients with partial deficiency had safe PK-monitored 5-FU. In Arm B, out of 398 evaluable patients, 17 grade 4-5 toxic early events potentially related to 5-FU were reported in 12 patients (4.2%). The incidence of early severe toxicity was significantly higher in Arm B, (p = 0.0019), confirming the positive impact of pre-therapeutic DPD assessment. The percent of patients with a toxicity grade 3 or higher observed in Arm A was 10.8% (n=78) compared to 17.55% (n=69) reported in Arm B (p=0.0497). The percentage of death was reduced from 2.5/1000 in Arm B to 0 in Arm A. The time to occurrence of all grade ≥3 toxicities was determined in both arms and the difference between the 2 arms was significant (P=0.047). Overall, one patient with complete DPD deficiency confirmed retrospectively died within 13 days from grade 5 multivisceral toxicity. Enrollment was prematurely closed after external experts' decision.ConclusionsMultiparametric pre-therapeutic DPD deficiency screening significantly lowered the risk of early severe toxicity and avoided an early toxic death. This approach should be used for safe administration of 5-FU-based treatments.
http://ift.tt/2kfxxEC
Delayed Donor Bone Marrow Infusion Induces Liver Transplant Tolerance.
http://ift.tt/2kfQ1VA
Familial Mediterranean fever is associated with increased mortality after kidney transplantation - a 19 years' single center experience.
http://ift.tt/2kfOqyW
Regulation of Clinical Xenotransplantation - Time for a Reappraisal.
http://ift.tt/2l3T9aP
Histopathological aspects of cutaneous erythematous-papular eruptions induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of metastatic melanoma
Abstract
Background
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICBT) for the treatment of melanoma has led to an important improvement of overall survival in advanced stage patients. However, secondary cutaneous maculopapular eruptions (CMPEs) are frequent and remain poorly characterized.
Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of melanoma patients from our institution who developed CMPEs during ICBT. Clinical information was retrieved, and histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization was performed by two pathologists. For comparison, a group of biopsies from CMPE caused by anti-v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) therapy was analyzed.
Results
Eleven patients met the inclusion criteria. On clinical grounds, CMPE developed mainly on early onset of immunotherapy and were of low grade. Typical lesions included erythematous papules and macules affecting the trunk and/or extremities with associated pruritus. The histopathological patterns consisted of a superficial perivascular lymphocytic dermatitis (SPLD) with eosinophils followed by a granulomatous dermatitis. Other patterns included lichenoid, spongiotic, and a case of Grover's disease. The inflammatory infiltrate consisted of T lymphocytes (CD3+) with a predominance of CD4+ over CD8+ cells; isolated Foxp3+ cells were invariably present, and PD-1 was not expressed. Biopsies from CMPE caused by anti-BRAF therapy showed an SPLD and a similar lymphocytic immunophenotype.
Conclusions
Our study showed the clinical features of a group of melanoma patients with CMPE for ICBT and emphasized the wide spectrum of histological findings as well as their immunohistochemical profile. Differential diagnosis can be difficult with CMPE provoked by other therapies as was seen in our comparison group of anti-BRAF-induced eruptions.
http://ift.tt/2kZnXKl
Investigation of the clinical features of geographic tongue: unveiling its relationship with oral psoriasis
Abstract
Background
Few studies have examined the clinical features of geographic tongue (GT), an inflammatory lesion, making diagnosis and the investigation of oral psoriasis difficult.
Purpose
To investigate the clinical features of GT to facilitate its identification and understand its relationship with psoriasis.
Methods
A total of 96 participants diagnosed with GT underwent stomatological and dermatological examinations. The parameters assessed were burning sensation; number, classification, and location of lesions; loss of papillae; severity of GT lesions; and association with fissured tongue (FT). Psoriatic patients (PS) and those without psoriasis (NPS) were compared.
Results
Burning sensation was reported by 45 (47%) patients, 67 (70%) patients showed active GT, 68 (71%) presented with typical lesions, and 59 (61%) exhibited moderate lesions. GT was associated with FT in 75% of the cases and exhibited a diffused pattern associated with severe lesions. It was also more frequent in the PS group. The comparative analysis between the PS and NPS groups showed significant differences between the groups with regard to gender, presence of burning sensation, and GT severity.
Conclusion
GT is a symptomatic lesion with a thick halo. In contrast, psoriatic patients are frequently asymptomatic and exhibit severe lesions with greater loss of papillae that are associated with severe FT. The present study is the first to demonstrate clinical differences in the GT of patients with and without psoriasis, suggesting that some GT cases may represent true oral psoriasis and some cases may represent only GT.
http://ift.tt/2lAWRqz
Imaging and cell count in cleared intact cochlea in the Mongolian gerbil using laser scanning confocal microscopy
Publication date: Available online 9 February 2017
Source:European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
Author(s): M. Risoud, J. Sircoglou, G. Dedieu, M. Tardivel, C. Vincent, N.-X. Bonne
ObjectivesTo draw up a clearing protocol for Mongolian gerbil cochlea, and to assess the feasibility of quantifying and analyzing 3D cell architecture in the transparent cochleae.Materials and methodsFreshly dissected inner ears were prepared on a 13-day protocol: fixation, microdissection, post-fixation, decalcification, pretreatment (signal enhancement, permeabilization and blocking), fluorescent labeling (indirect immunolabeling and direct labeling), dehydration, clearing in Spalteholz solution (MSBB: methyl salicylate and benzyl benzoate) and mounting. Image acquisition used laser scanning confocal microscopy. ImageJ software was used to measure the length of the organ of Corti thus available for analysis and to count inner and outer hair cells.ResultsFour cochleas underwent imaging. 3D reconstruction enabled organ of Corti length to be measured, at a mean 1269±346μm. Mean inner and outer hair-cell count per organ of Corti length was 142±44 and 400±122, respectively.ConclusionCochlear clearing by MSBB was feasible in Mongolian gerbils and provided high-resolution immunofluorescence-labeled inner-ear images. To our knowledge, this was the first application of the technique in this species. Cell count could thus be performed along the organ of Corti length without traumatic dissection.
http://ift.tt/2kfDP72
Injectable chondroplasty: Enzymatic reshaping of cartilage grafts
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2017
Source:European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
Author(s): J.R. Gandy, A. Foulad, K.K. Chao, B.J.F. Wong
Objective/hypothesisTo develop an injection-based enzymatic technique that selectively softens cartilage tissue for reshaping cartilaginous structures in the head and neck.Materials and methodsTwo groups were formed using fresh rabbit ears: (1) whole rabbit ear group; (2) composite graft group (2.5mm×3.0cm specimens sectioned from the central region of the pinna). Subperichondrial injections using three enzymes (hyaluronidase, pronase, and collagenase II) in sequence were performed for the experimental specimens from both groups. In the control specimens, phosphate buffered saline was injected in a similar fashion. The whole ear specimens were then photographed while held upright in the anatomical vertical position to evaluate for buckling, which corresponds to the integrity of the cartilage. In addition, backlight photography was performed for all specimens to further evaluate the effect of the enzymes, such that increased light intensity represents increased cartilage digestion.ResultsThe application of the digestive enzymes resulted in marked reduction of cartilage tissue matrix resiliency, while preserving overlying skin layers. Enzymatically treated whole pinnae buckled at the site where enzymes were delivered. Backlit images revealed increased local light intensity at the regions of digestion. There was no obvious destruction of the overlying skin upon visual inspection.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of injectable chondroplasty as a potential alternative method to conventional surgery for auricular cartilage reshaping. Sequential injection of hyaluronidase, pronase, and collagenase II into the subperichondrial space can be performed to digest and soften cartilage structure with minimal involvement of surrounding tissue. Future studies will need to include chondrocyte viability testing and optimization of delivery techniques.
http://ift.tt/2l3Obeq
"Anticancer Res"[jour]; +76 new citations
76 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:
These pubmed results were generated on 2017/02/10
PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
http://ift.tt/2kCFqXW
A novel image processing technique for three-dimensional volumetric analysis of severely resorbed alveolar sockets with cone beam computed tomography.
| Related Articles |
A novel image processing technique for three-dimensional volumetric analysis of severely resorbed alveolar sockets with cone beam computed tomography.
Minerva Stomatol. 2017 Feb 09;:
Authors: Manavella V, Romano F, Garrone F, Terzini M, Bignardi C, Aimetti M
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to present and validate a novel procedure for the quantitative volumetric assessment of extraction sockets that combines Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and image processing techniques.
METHODS: The CBCT dataset of 9 severely resorbed extraction sockets was analyzed by means of two image processing software, Image J and Mimics, using manual and automated segmentation techniques. They were also applied on 5 mm spherical aluminum markers of known volume and on a polyvinyl chloride model of one alveolar socket scanned with Micro-CT to test the accuracy.
RESULTS: Statistical differences in alveolar socket volume were found between the different methods of volumetric analysis (P < 0.0001). The automated segmentation using Mimics wasthe most reliable and accurate method with a relative error of 1.5%, considerably smaller than the error of 7% and of 10% introduced by the manual method using Mimics and by the automated method using ImageJ.
CONCLUSIONS: The currently proposed automated segmentation protocol for the three-dimensional rendering of alveolar sockets showed more accurate results, excellent inter observer similarity and increased user friendliness. The clinical application of this method enables a three-dimensional evaluation of extraction socket healing after the reconstructive procedures and during the follow-up visits.
PMID: 28181789 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2kZl0cK
Measuring effectiveness of orthognathic surgery by electromyography: a restrospective clinical study.
| Related Articles |
Measuring effectiveness of orthognathic surgery by electromyography: a restrospective clinical study.
Minerva Stomatol. 2017 Feb 09;:
Authors: Grossi GB, Garagiola U, Santoro F
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study investigates retrospectively if the initial electromyography (EMG) status of patients who underwent orthognathic surgery correlates with the extent of post-surgical EMG functional recovery.
METHODS: Clinical records concerning 20 patients who underwent Le Fort I and/or sagittal osteotomy of the mandibular ramus to correct skeletal dental class III malocclusions were retrieved and pre-surgical and post-surgical EMG data were analyzed and compared. Additionally, post-surgical EMG recovery was compared with that of a set of healthy, not surgically treated class I patients, with no sign of disorders affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Finally, the effect of six independent variables (age, sex, time from surgery, extent of segment re-positioning, malocclusion class, upper jaw repositioning) on muscular recovery was investigated by means of correlation analysis.
RESULTS: A significant increase of the average EMG activity after orthognathic corrective surgery was observed (p=.01) . The post-surgical increase of EMG values showed a negative correlation trend with those collected before surgery (r=-.38, clenching on teeth; r=-.33, clenching on cotton rolls). None of the independent variables had any effect on the post-surgical outcome.
CONCLUSIONS: Orthognathic surgery improves the muscular activity of patients who present skeletal dental class III malocclusions. This improvement can be objectively assessed with EMG measurements. Patients who benefit more from orthognathic surgery seem to be those displaying the lowest pre-surgical EMG activity.
PMID: 28181788 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2kZAugL
"Anticancer Res"[jour]; +76 new citations
76 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:
These pubmed results were generated on 2017/02/10
PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
http://ift.tt/2l3KHsr
A novel image processing technique for three-dimensional volumetric analysis of severely resorbed alveolar sockets with cone beam computed tomography.
| Related Articles |
A novel image processing technique for three-dimensional volumetric analysis of severely resorbed alveolar sockets with cone beam computed tomography.
Minerva Stomatol. 2017 Feb 09;:
Authors: Manavella V, Romano F, Garrone F, Terzini M, Bignardi C, Aimetti M
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to present and validate a novel procedure for the quantitative volumetric assessment of extraction sockets that combines Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and image processing techniques.
METHODS: The CBCT dataset of 9 severely resorbed extraction sockets was analyzed by means of two image processing software, Image J and Mimics, using manual and automated segmentation techniques. They were also applied on 5 mm spherical aluminum markers of known volume and on a polyvinyl chloride model of one alveolar socket scanned with Micro-CT to test the accuracy.
RESULTS: Statistical differences in alveolar socket volume were found between the different methods of volumetric analysis (P < 0.0001). The automated segmentation using Mimics wasthe most reliable and accurate method with a relative error of 1.5%, considerably smaller than the error of 7% and of 10% introduced by the manual method using Mimics and by the automated method using ImageJ.
CONCLUSIONS: The currently proposed automated segmentation protocol for the three-dimensional rendering of alveolar sockets showed more accurate results, excellent inter observer similarity and increased user friendliness. The clinical application of this method enables a three-dimensional evaluation of extraction socket healing after the reconstructive procedures and during the follow-up visits.
PMID: 28181789 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2kZl0cK
Measuring effectiveness of orthognathic surgery by electromyography: a restrospective clinical study.
| Related Articles |
Measuring effectiveness of orthognathic surgery by electromyography: a restrospective clinical study.
Minerva Stomatol. 2017 Feb 09;:
Authors: Grossi GB, Garagiola U, Santoro F
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study investigates retrospectively if the initial electromyography (EMG) status of patients who underwent orthognathic surgery correlates with the extent of post-surgical EMG functional recovery.
METHODS: Clinical records concerning 20 patients who underwent Le Fort I and/or sagittal osteotomy of the mandibular ramus to correct skeletal dental class III malocclusions were retrieved and pre-surgical and post-surgical EMG data were analyzed and compared. Additionally, post-surgical EMG recovery was compared with that of a set of healthy, not surgically treated class I patients, with no sign of disorders affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Finally, the effect of six independent variables (age, sex, time from surgery, extent of segment re-positioning, malocclusion class, upper jaw repositioning) on muscular recovery was investigated by means of correlation analysis.
RESULTS: A significant increase of the average EMG activity after orthognathic corrective surgery was observed (p=.01) . The post-surgical increase of EMG values showed a negative correlation trend with those collected before surgery (r=-.38, clenching on teeth; r=-.33, clenching on cotton rolls). None of the independent variables had any effect on the post-surgical outcome.
CONCLUSIONS: Orthognathic surgery improves the muscular activity of patients who present skeletal dental class III malocclusions. This improvement can be objectively assessed with EMG measurements. Patients who benefit more from orthognathic surgery seem to be those displaying the lowest pre-surgical EMG activity.
PMID: 28181788 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2kZAugL
Allergies in urban versus countryside settings in Poland as part of the Epidemiology of the Allergic Diseases in Poland (ECAP) study - challenge the early differential diagnosis.
| Related Articles |
Allergies in urban versus countryside settings in Poland as part of the Epidemiology of the Allergic Diseases in Poland (ECAP) study - challenge the early differential diagnosis.
Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2016 Oct;33(5):359-368
Authors: Krzych-Fałta E, Furmańczyk K, Piekarska B, Tomaszewska A, Sybilski A, Samoliński BK
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The incidence of allergies depends on a number of factors, including adopting an urban "western" lifestyle, genetic predispositions, and different regions of residence.
AIM: To compare the prevalence of allergic conditions (seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR), bronchial asthma (BA), atopic dermatitis (AD)) in a group of countryside versus urban residents in Poland.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The prevalence of allergic conditions in urban versus countryside settings was assessed using the translated and approved questionnaire developed for international ECRHS II and ISAAC studies. Respondents were selected via random multistage sampling, with proportionate stratified sampling, and the Polish Resident Identification Number (PESEL) as the basis. A total of 18,617 respondents took part in the study. Subsequently, approximately 25% of the subjects underwent outpatient assessments: skin-prick, lung function, peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) tests, as well as history-taking.
RESULTS: Allergic rhinitis (AR) proved to be the most common condition in the entire study population. Children residing in the countryside were twice more likely to be diagnosed with BA (8.33% vs. 4%; p < 0.05). Conversely, in the adult subgroup, BA was more commonly observed in urban areas. Whereas reported symptom rates were much higher in AR and AD patients, symptomatic BA was proportionately lower with respect to the official diagnoses (underdiagnosed BA phenomenon). Atopic dermatitis was considerably more common in the metropolitan population. One factor that significantly correlated with allergic diseases was a positive family history.
CONCLUSIONS: Inhabitants of metropolitan areas are to a greater extent predisposed to allergic conditions. One factor significantly contributing to allergies is genetic predisposition. Given the scale of the problem, there is an urgent need to implement measures for early prevention and diagnosis of allergies to minimize distant health effects.
PMID: 28182031 [PubMed - in process]
http://ift.tt/2l3JLUC
Successful Desensitization in a Patient with Hypersensitivity Reaction to Laronidase
Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology , Vol. 0, No. 0.
http://ift.tt/2l3H5X7
Advances in understanding tumour evolution through single-cell sequencing
Publication date: Available online 11 February 2017
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer
Author(s): Jack Kuipers, Katharina Jahn, Niko Beerenwinkel
The mutational heterogeneity observed within tumours poses additional challenges to the development of effective cancer treatments. A thorough understanding of a tumour's subclonal composition and its mutational history is essential to open up the design of treatments tailored to individual patients. Comparative studies on a large number of tumours permit the identification of mutational patterns which may refine forecasts of cancer progression, response to treatment and metastatic potential.The composition of tumours is shaped by evolutionary processes. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing offer the possibility to analyse the evolutionary history and accompanying heterogeneity of tumours at an unprecedented resolution, by sequencing single cells. New computational challenges arise when moving from bulk to single-cell sequencing data, leading to the development of novel modelling frameworks.In this review, we present the state of the art methods for understanding the phylogeny encoded in bulk or single-cell sequencing data, and highlight future directions for developing more comprehensive and informative pictures of tumour evolution.
http://ift.tt/2kCHwqU
Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one derivatives as potential GABAA-R ligands
Publication date: Available online 11 February 2017
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Guerrini Gabriella, Giovanna Ciciani, Simona Daniele, Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli, Carla Ghelardini, Claudia Martini, Silvia Selleri
The synthesis of a new series of 6-phenyl- and 6-benzylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-ones 2a-g and 3a-g, strictly related to derivatives with pyrazolobenzotriazine (PBT) and pyrazoloquinazoline (PQ) scaffold, was realized. The in vitro GABAA-receptor subtype affinity was evaluated and from preliminary pharmacological studies, compound 3g shows anxiolytic-like effect at 10-30 mg/kg.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2lyXYpU
Construction of a library of structurally diverse ribonucleopeptides with catalytic groups
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2017
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Tomoki Tamura, Shun Nakano, Eiji Nakata, Takashi Morii
Functional screening of structurally diverse libraries consisting of proteins or nucleic acids is an effective method to obtain receptors or aptamers with unique molecular recognition characteristics. However, further modification of these selected receptors to exert a newly desired function is still a challenging task. We have constructed a library of structurally diverse ribonucleopeptides (RNPs) that are modified with a catalytic group, in which the catalytic group aligns with various orientations against the ATP binding pocket of RNA subunit. As a proof-of-principle, the screening of the constructed RNP library for the catalytic reaction of ester hydrolysis was successfully carried out. The size of both the substrate-binding RNA library and the catalytic group modified peptide library are independently expandable, and thus, the size of RNPs library could be enlarged by a combination of these two subunits. We anticipate that the library of functionalized and structurally diverse RNPs would be expanded for various other catalytic reactions.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2lzag1j
Design, synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of indole-3-carboxylic acid-based skeleton of Bcl-2/Mcl-1 dual inhibitors
Publication date: Available online 11 February 2017
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Tingting Liu, Yichao Wan, Renshuai Liu, Lin Ma, Minyong Li, Hao Fang
The B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins are attractive targets for cancer therapy. In our previous work, the structure-activity relationship of WL-276 was studied. According to the results, rhodanine derivatives show potent binding affinity for Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 protein and show weaker activity against Bcl-XL protein. Based on the previous results, a new class of indole-3-carboxylic acid-based derivatives were designed and synthesized as Bcl-2/Mcl-1 dual inhibitors. Among them, compound 17 has a Ki value of 0.26 μM for Bcl-2 protein and is better than WL-276. Further more, it inhibits the myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1) protein with a Ki value of 72 nM. Especially, compound 31 can selectively acting on Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 protein but not Bcl-XL protein, which has great significance for developing dual inhibitors targeting Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 protein, as well as specific antitumor abilities in cells.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2lz6iWn
3-Phenylalkyl-2H-chromenes and -chromans as novel rhinovirus infection inhibitors
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2017
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Cinzia Conti, Luca Proietti Monaco, Nicoletta Desideri
Following our studies on structure-activity relationships of anti-rhinovirus chromene and chroman derivatives, we designed and synthesized new series of 3-phenylalkyl-2H-chromenes and –chromans bearing differently sized, aliphatic linker chains between the two cycles. The cytotoxicity and the antiviral activity of the new compounds on human rhinovirus (HRV) serotype 1B and 14 infection were evaluated in HeLa cell cultures. Most of the tested compounds interfered with HRV1B multiplication in the micromolar or submicromolar concentrations while HRV14 was less susceptible. 3-[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)propyl]chroman (9c) was selected for preliminary mechanism of action studies due to its potent activity against both serotypes (IC50 of 0.48 μM and 1.36 μM towards HRV1B and 14, respectively) coupled with high selectivity (SI = 206.18 and 73.26, respectively). Results of time of addition/removal studies suggest that 9c, similarly to related derivatives, behaves as a capsid binder interfering with some early events of the HRV1B infectious cycle.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2lz6OUy
A retrospective analysis of catheter-based sources in intravascular brachytherapy
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2017
Source:Brachytherapy
Author(s): J. DeCunha, C. Janicki, S.A. Enger
PurposeCoronary artery disease involves the deposition of plaque along the walls of a coronary artery leading to narrowed or blocked vessels (stenosis) and is one of the main causes of death in developed countries. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is used to reverse stenosis. Restenosis (renarrowing) of the treated vessel is a major complication of PTCA. A metal mesh tube (stent) can be placed inside the vessel to prevent restenosis. Tissue stress incurred during PTCA and stenting can provoke neointimal cell proliferation leading to in-stent restenosis (ISR). Intravascular brachytherapy (IVBT), a form of internal radiotherapy, is used to treat ISR. Renewed interest in IVBT is being expressed as a treatment for patients with ISR in drug-eluting stents. Current treatment planning (TP) of IVBT is extremely limited and assumes human tissue can be approximated by water. The interactions of arterial plaque, guidewires, and the stent have been shown to attenuate radiation significantly but are ignored in TP. Other models have determined the degree of attenuation by each factor in isolation. For the first time, we create a model with several inhomogenities present to determine whether attenuation by multiple inhomogenities combines linearly or if a larger dose reduction than anticipated is realized. We are also able to evaluate a spatial distribution of dose around the source and in arterial walls.Methods and MaterialsA dosimetric analysis of two commercially available IVBT systems was performed in a Monte Carlo–based particle simulation (Geant4). Absorbed dose was calculated using a model of a human coronary artery with a calcified plaque and stent. Dose delivered in water was also calculated to evaluate the accuracy of a water approximation.ResultsDose as a function of θ shows significant variation around IVBT sources. For the Guidant Galileo, dose is reduced by 20% behind stent struts and as much as 66% in a region occluded by the guidewire, plaque, and stent. For the Novoste Beta Cath device, delivered dose is reduced by 19% and 58%, respectively, in the same regions.ConclusionSOur findings show that the water approximation used in clinical practice to calculate dose is inaccurate when inhomogeneities are present. Methods proposed for calculating dose perturbations in IVBT may underestimate the magnitude of dose reduction. Increasing source dwell time seems unlikely to resolve dosimetric issues in IVBT. The effectiveness of currently existing β-emitting devices may be reduced in patients with complex lesions at the treatment site. Investigation of new radioisotopes and off-centering devices should be considered to improve dose outcomes.
http://ift.tt/2kZblDc
Intraoperative factors associated with stranded source placement accuracy in low–dose rate prostate brachytherapy
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2017
Source:Brachytherapy
Author(s): M.F. Jamaluddin, S. Ghosh, M.P. Waine, M. Tavakoli, J. Amanie, A.D. Murtha, D. Yee, N. Usmani
PurposeThe quality of a low–dose rate prostate brachytherapy implant depends on the accurate placement of sources in their planned locations. This study investigates intraoperative factors that potentially contribute to stranded source placement inaccuracy in prostate brachytherapy.Methods and MaterialsIntraoperative video images of the brachytherapist's hand motions and needle insertions during the implant procedure were acquired for analysis. Using video analysis software, maximum and average needle insertion velocities were determined. The number of needle insertion attempts and the use of the brachytherapist's other hand to manipulate the needle direction were also recorded. Sources misplacements were analyzed using an ultrasound-based method described elsewhere.ResultsFifteen patients agreed to undergo this study; 1619 125I seeds were inserted using 357 needles; 1197 seeds were confidently identified using ultrasound images and included in the analysis. The mean overall misplacement was 0.49 cm (0–2 cm, 95% CI = 0.47–0.51); 614 seeds were delivered with a single pass and 583 seeds with >1 passes (range 2–6). The mean maximum needle velocity was 12.34 cm s−1 (range 4–28 cm s−1) and mean average velocity was 4.76 cm s−1 (range 0.4–17.4 cm s−1); 747 seeds were delivered with manipulation of the needle. The generalized linear model test was used to analyze factors contributing to seed misplacement, and it was found that a maximum speed <12 cm s−1 was associated with a decrease in seed misplacement by 0.049 cm vs. a maximum speed >12 cm s−1, p = 0.0121). Other evaluated factors were found to have no statistically significant correlation with seed misplacement: average speed (p = 0.4947), manual manipulation of needle (p = 0.9264), and number of needle passes (p = 0.8907).ConclusionsThis study identified that needles inserted with lower maximum velocity were associated with less seed misplacement. Manual manipulation of the needle, number of passes, and average speed did not show statistically significant correlation with seed misplacement.
http://ift.tt/2kvIJxU
GTL001 and bivalent CyaA-based therapeutic vaccine strategies against human papillomavirus and other tumor-associated antigens induce effector and memory T-cell responses that inhibit tumor growth
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2017
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Michaël Esquerré, Marie Momot, Anne Goubier, Christophe Gonindard, Stéphane Leung-Theung-Long, Yolande Misseri, Marie-Christine Bissery
GTL001 is a bivalent therapeutic vaccine containing human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and HPV18 E7 proteins inserted in the Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase (CyaA) vector intended to prevent cervical cancer in HPV-infected women with normal cervical cytology or mild abnormalities. To be effective, therapeutic cervical cancer vaccines should induce both a T cell-mediated effector response against HPV-infected cells and a robust CD8+ T-cell memory response to prevent potential later infection. We examined the ability of GTL001 and related bivalent CyaA-based vaccines to induce, in parallel, effector and memory CD8+ T-cell responses to both vaccine antigens. Intradermal vaccination of C57BL/6 mice with GTL001 adjuvanted with a TLR3 agonist (polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid) or a TLR7 agonist (topical 5% imiquimod cream) induced strong HPV16 E7-specific T-cell responses capable of eradicating HPV16 E7-expressing tumors. Tumor-free mice also had antigen-specific memory T-cell responses that protected them against a subsequent challenge with HPV18 E7-expressing tumor cells. In addition, vaccination with bivalent vaccines containing CyaA-HPV16 E7 and CyaA fused to a tumor-associated antigen (melanoma-specific antigen A3, MAGEA3) or to a non-viral, non-tumor antigen (ovalbumin) eradicated HPV16 E7-expressing tumors and protected against a later challenge with MAGEA3- and ovalbumin-expressing tumor cells, respectively. These results show that CyaA-based bivalent vaccines such as GTL001 can induce both therapeutic and prophylactic anti-tumor T-cell responses. The CyaA platform can be adapted to different antigens and adjuvants, and therefore may be useful for developing other therapeutic vaccines.
http://ift.tt/2kZjo2M
Influenza vaccination in healthcare workers; comparison of side effects and preferred route of administration of intradermal versus intramuscular administration
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2017
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): W.J. Meijer, A.M.J. Wensing, A.A. Bos, J.C.F. Kuiphuis, E.M.M. Hagelen, J.C. Wilschut, M.J.T. de Vries, A. Riezebos-Brilman
ObjectiveTo explore the nature and severity of side effects and future preference of intradermal versus intramuscular influenza vaccination in healthcare workers.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTwo University Medical Centers in The Netherlands.ParticipantsHealthcare workers receiving an influenza vaccination.MethodsHealthcare workers that were vaccinated during the influenza vaccination season of 2012–2013 were approached for participation in a questionnaire study. The questionnaire was divided into two parts. The first part had to be answered directly after vaccination and the second part two weeks after vaccination. The motivation for vaccine uptake, whether or not the HCWs had direct contact with patients and the prevalence and severity of local and systemic side effects of influenza vaccination were explored. In addition, it was assessed how participants experienced the vaccination and which type of administration they preferred for future vaccination.ResultsSide effects of vaccination were more prevalent in the intradermal group versus the intramuscular group (56% versus 26%, p<0.001). Local side effects were perceived as more severe in healthcare workers receiving the intradermal vaccine. Directly after vaccination, healthcare workers preferred the intradermal vaccination. Two weeks after vaccination both types of vaccine were equally appreciated.ConclusionsThis study shows that there are significant differences in the nature and severity of side effects upon intramuscular and intradermal influenza vaccination. This difference did not result in a preference among the vaccinated subjects for one type of vaccine.
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Bactericidal activity of sera from adolescents vaccinated with bivalent rLP2086 against meningococcal serogroup B outbreak strains from France
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2017
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Muhamed-Kheir Taha, Julio Cesar Hawkins, Paul Liberator, Ala-Eddine Deghmane, Lubomira Andrew, Li Hao, Thomas R. Jones, Lisa K. McNeil, Robert E. O'Neill, John L. Perez, Kathrin U. Jansen, Annaliesa S. Anderson
ObjectivesBivalent rLP2086 (Trumenba®; MenB-FHbp), composed of two factor H binding proteins (FHbps), is a vaccine approved in the United States for prevention of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (MnB) invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). Bactericidal activity of sera from subjects vaccinated with bivalent rLP2086 was assessed against MnB isolates from recent disease outbreaks in France.MethodsMnB isolates from IMD cases were characterized by whole genome sequencing and FHbp expression was assessed using a flow cytometry-based assay. Sera from subjects (11–<19years old) vaccinated with bivalent rLP2086 at 0, 2, and 6months were evaluated. Bactericidal activity was measured in serum bactericidal assays using human complement (hSBAs). The response rate (RR) represents the percentage of subjects with an hSBA titer ⩾1:4.ResultsThe six MnB outbreak isolates expressed diverse FHbp variants: A22, B03, B24 (two isolates), B44, and B228. FHbp expression levels ranged from 1309 to 8305 (mean fluorescence intensity units). The RR of preimmune sera from subjects was 7% to 27%. RRs increased for all isolates after each vaccine dose. After two doses, RRs ranged from 40% to 93%. After dose 3, RRs were ⩾73% for all isolates (range, 73%–100%).ConclusionsEach of the representative French outbreak isolates was killed by sera from subjects vaccinated with bivalent rLP2086. Vaccination elicited an immune response with bactericidal activity against these diverse isolates in a large proportion of subjects at risk. These results provide additional support for the licensure strategy of testing MnB strains expressing vaccine-heterologous FHbp variants in hSBAs and further illustrate the breadth of efficacy of this protein-based MnB vaccine.
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PCV13 serotype decrease in Italian adolescents and adults in the post-PCV13 era: Herd protection from children or secular trend?
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2017
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Francesco Nieddu, Maria Moriondo, Elisa De Vitis, Silvia Ricci, Giuseppe Indolfi, Massimo Resti, Caterina Vocale, Maria Paola Landini, Assunta Sartor, Chiara Azzari
Background and aim of the workIn 2010 PCV13 replaced PCV7 in the pediatric vaccination schedule for Italian children. While a strong herd effect was demonstrated for PCV7, a possible herd effect due to PCV13 is still under debate. Our aim was to evaluate differences in the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes between the pre and post-PCV13 eras in unvaccinated Italian adolescents and adults with laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal infection from 3 Italian Regions with a high rate of PCV13 vaccination of children.Patients and methodsAdolescents and adults admitted with laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal infection in the hospitals of 3 Italian Regions (Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Emilia Romagna, and Tuscany) between April 2006 and June 2016 were included in the study. Diagnosis of pneumococcal infection and serotyping were performed with Real Time PCR directly on normally sterile fluids or on culture isolates.Results523 patients with laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal infection were enrolled (Male/Female ratio was 300/223, 1.3; median age 67.1, IQR 53.4–74.9). None of the patients had been vaccinated with any pneumococcal vaccine; 96.4% were serotyped. Overall, the most frequent serotypes were 3 (67/504, 13.3%), 8 (43/504, 8.5%), and 19A (38/504, 7.5%). Serotype distribution differed among age classes and clinical presentations.Overall, PCV13 serotypes accounted for 47.6% of cases: 62.3% in the pre-PCV13 era and 45.0% in the post-PCV13 era; (p=0.005 OR=2.03; CL 95%: 1.2–3.3). Serotype 7F accounted for 12/77 (15.6%) of all serotypes in the pre-PCV13 period and for 12/427 (2.8%) in the post-PCV13 period and was the only serotype significantly contributing to the difference in percentage between pre and post-PCV13 eras.ConclusionOur study demonstrated a difference in percentage in serotype distribution in adolescents and adults laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal infection between the pre and post-PCV13 eras. This difference is mainly due to the decrease of serotype 7F. Thus, in order to decrease disease burden, adults and in particular the elderly should be offered a specific vaccination program.
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Comparison of Conventional Syringe, CanalBrush, EndoActivator, Photon-Induced Photoacoustic Streaming, and Manual Instrumentation in Removing Orange-Brown Precipitate: An In Vitro Study
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery , Vol. 0, No. 0.
http://ift.tt/2kCDjn6
Significant Improvement in Cognition in Mild to Moderately Severe Dementia Cases Treated with Transcranial Plus Intranasal Photobiomodulation: Case Series Report
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Evaluation of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Using Indocyanine Green and Near-Infrared Diode Laser Against Enterococcus faecalis in Infected Human Root Canals
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Effects of Near-Infrared Light on Cerebral Bioenergetics Measured with Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Early Developmental Disruption of Type 2 Deiodinase Pathway in Mouse Skeletal Muscle Does Not Impair Muscle Function
http://ift.tt/2kdtCgp
Vacuum-assisted decellularization: an accelerated protocol to generate tissue-engineered human tracheal scaffolds
Publication date: April 2017
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 124
Author(s): Colin R. Butler, Robert E. Hynds, Claire Crowley, Kate H.C. Gowers, Leanne Partington, Nicholas J. Hamilton, Carla Carvalho, Manuela Platé, Edward R. Samuel, Alan J. Burns, Luca Urbani, Martin A. Birchall, Mark W. Lowdell, Paolo De Coppi, Sam M. Janes
Patients with large tracheal lesions unsuitable for conventional endoscopic or open operations may require a tracheal replacement but there is no present consensus of how this may be achieved. Tissue engineering using decellularized or synthetic tracheal scaffolds offers a new avenue for airway reconstruction. Decellularized human donor tracheal scaffolds have been applied in compassionate-use clinical cases but naturally derived extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds demand lengthy preparation times. Here, we compare a clinically applied detergent-enzymatic method (DEM) with an accelerated vacuum-assisted decellularization (VAD) protocol. We examined the histological appearance, DNA content and extracellular matrix composition of human donor tracheae decellularized using these techniques. Further, we performed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and biomechanical testing to analyze decellularization performance. To assess the biocompatibility of scaffolds generated using VAD, we seeded scaffolds with primary human airway epithelial cells in vitro and performed in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and subcutaneous implantation assays. Both DEM and VAD protocols produced well-decellularized tracheal scaffolds with no adverse mechanical effects and scaffolds retained the capacity for in vitro and in vivo cellular integration. We conclude that the substantial reduction in time required to produce scaffolds using VAD compared to DEM (approximately 9 days vs. 3–8 weeks) does not compromise the quality of human tracheal scaffold generated. These findings might inform clinical decellularization techniques as VAD offers accelerated scaffold production and reduces the associated costs.
http://ift.tt/2kZgif1
Direct 3D bioprinting of prevascularized tissue constructs with complex microarchitecture
Publication date: April 2017
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 124
Author(s): Wei Zhu, Xin Qu, Jie Zhu, Xuanyi Ma, Sherrina Patel, Justin Liu, Pengrui Wang, Cheuk Sun Edwin Lai, Maling Gou, Yang Xu, Kang Zhang, Shaochen Chen
Living tissues rely heavily on vascular networks to transport nutrients, oxygen and metabolic waste. However, there still remains a need for a simple and efficient approach to engineer vascularized tissues. Here, we created prevascularized tissues with complex three-dimensional (3D) microarchitectures using a rapid bioprinting method – microscale continuous optical bioprinting (μCOB). Multiple cell types mimicking the native vascular cell composition were encapsulated directly into hydrogels with precisely controlled distribution without the need of sacrificial materials or perfusion. With regionally controlled biomaterial properties the endothelial cells formed lumen-like structures spontaneously in vitro. In vivo implantation demonstrated the survival and progressive formation of the endothelial network in the prevascularized tissue. Anastomosis between the bioprinted endothelial network and host circulation was observed with functional blood vessels featuring red blood cells. With the superior bioprinting speed, flexibility and scalability, this new prevascularization approach can be broadly applicable to the engineering and translation of various functional tissues.
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Early Developmental Disruption of Type 2 Deiodinase Pathway in Mouse Skeletal Muscle Does Not Impair Muscle Function
Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.
http://ift.tt/2kdtCgp
A new approach to analyze data from EEG-based concealed face recognition system
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2017
Source:International Journal of Psychophysiology
Author(s): A.H. Mehrnam, A.M. Nasrabadi, M. Ghodoosi, A. Mohammadian, Sh. Torabi
The purpose of this study is to extend a feature set with non-linear features to improve classification rate of guilty and innocent subjects. Non-linear features can provide extra information about phase space. The Event-Related Potential (ERP) signals were recorded from 49 subjects who participated in concealed face recognition test. For feature extraction, at first, several morphological characteristics, frequency bands, and wavelet coefficients (we call them basic-features) are extracted from each single-trial ERP. Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) measures are then computed as non-linear features from each single-trial. We apply Genetic Algorithm (GA) to select the best feature set and this feature set is used for classification of data using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) classifier. Next, we use a new approach to improve classification results based on introducing an adaptive-threshold. Results indicate that our method is able to correctly detect 91.83% of subjects (45 correct detection of 49 subjects) using combination of basic and non-linear features, that is higher than 87.75% for basic and 79.59% for non-linear features. This shows that combination of non-linear and basic- features could improve classification rate.
http://ift.tt/2kCv7Dc
Maternal morbidity and mortality in ElShatby and Dar Ismail maternity hospitals in Alexandria: A comparative study
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2017
Source:Alexandria Journal of Medicine
Author(s): Sahar khashab, Nermeen S. El Beltagy, Dina Badie
ObjectiveTo compare ElShatby University Maternity Hospital and Dar Ismail Public Hospital in regard to antenatal, natal, and postnatal morbidity and the causes of maternal mortality.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted to study females who gave birth in each of the hospitals. Then, a prospective survey of the women was conducted until the 42nd day after delivery. Data were gathered from women who delivered in addition to their caring obstetricians as well as reviewing their medical records. Additionally, records of maternal mortality were reviewed. All females who gave birth between January and April 2014 (3months) were included in the study.ResultsTwo hundred and eighty females participated in the study (130 from ElShatby University Maternity Hospital and 150 from Dar Ismail Public Hospital). Significantly more rural women (29.2%) gave birth at ElShatby University Hospital than at Dar Ismail Public Hospital (16.7%), p=0.012. More than half of all the study participants (51.8%) suffered from anemia during pregnancy. A minority (5%) of the women were diagnosed with preeclampsia, all of whom gave birth at ElShatby Hospital. Caesarean section rate was significantly higher among women delivered at ElShatby University Hospital compared to Dar Ismail Hospital (61.5% versus 41.3%, p<001). Only 8.2% of all women needed ICU admission at ElShatby Hospital. The most common cause of maternal mortality was eclampsia, which accounted for 75% of deceased women.ConclusionFuture studies are needed to identify and understand better the avoidable factors contributing to the relatively high rates of maternal morbidity and mortality in public hospitals. Such information will be of significant use in the processes related to providing quality services, ensuring accessibility of those services, and allocating corresponding resources aimed at reducing maternal morbidity and mortality.
http://ift.tt/2l3vSpJ
Increased Tumor-Infiltrating Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Predicts Poor Prognosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Nannan Han, Zun Zhang, Shengwen Liu, Andrew Ow, Min Ruan, Wenjun Yang, Chenping Zhang
ObjectiveAccumulating evidence suggests that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) have a dual role not only in initiating anti-tumor immune responses but also in inducing immune tolerance to facilitate cancer development. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and function of tumor-infiltrating pDCs in primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and their relation to patient outcome.MethodsThe distribution of pDCs in 10 normal oral mucosa and 60 OSCC tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The population of pDCs in six OSCC patients and six healthy donors was evaluated by flow cytometry. The relationship between tumor-infiltrating pDCs and clinicopathological data and patient outcome was analyzed accordingly. The capacity of pDCs to produce cytokines, such as IFN-α, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in response to TLR-9 ligands (CpG-ODN) was measured by ELISA.ResultPDCs were detected at high levels in 38.3% of the OSCC tissues, primarily in the stroma, but were absent in normal oral mucosa. The frequency of pDCs in OSCC tissue was significantly higher than that observed in normal oral mucosa. However, the distribution and population of circulating pDCs was similar between healthy donors and OSCC patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significant association of increasing number of tumor infiltrating pDCs with lymph node metastasis and overall survival. Multivariate analysis confirmed that high levels of tumor-infiltrating pDCs was an independent prognostic factor. Further cytokine analysis revealed a decreased secretion of IFN-α, IL-6 and TNF-α, which indicated an impaired function of tumor-infiltrating pDCs.ConclusionsThe increased number of tumor-infiltrating pDCs correlates with an adverse outcome in primary OSCC patients. This finding is not only suggestive of the contribution of pDCs in the progression of oral cancer but also presents an opportunity and a new target for OSCC immune therapy in oral cancer management.
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Effect of fluoride toothpaste with nano-sized trimetaphosphate on enamel demineralization: An in vitro study
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Marcelle Danelon, Juliano Pelim Pessan, Francisco Nunes Souza Neto, Emerson Rodrigues De Camargo, Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effect of toothpastes containing 1100ppm F associated or not with micrometric or nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on enamel demineralization in vitro, using a pH cycling model.DesignBovine enamel blocks (4mm×4mm, n=96) were randomly allocated into eight groups (n=12), according to the test toothpastes: Placebo (without fluoride or TMP); 1100ppm F (1100F); 1100F plus micrometric TMP at concentrations of 1%, 3% or 6%; and 1100F plus nanosized TMP at 1%, 3% or 6%. Blocks were treated 2x/day with slurries of toothpastes and submitted to a pH cycling regimen for five days. Next, final surface hardness (SHf), integrated hardness loss (IHL), differential profile of integrated hardness loss (ΔIHL) and enamel fluoride (F) concentrations were determined. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls' test (p<0.05).ResultsThe use of 1100F/3%TMPnano led to SHf 30% higher (p<0.001) and IHL∼80% lower (p<0.001) when compared to 1100F. This toothpaste also resulted in ∼64% reduction of mineral loss (ΔIHL) when compared to 1100F. Moreover, the addition of nano-sized TMP promoted increases in enamel F uptake of 90%, 160% and 100%, respectively for the concentrations of 1%, 3% and 6%, when compared to 1100F (p<0.001).ConclusionThe addition of nano-sized TMP at 3% to a conventional toothpaste significantly decreased enamel demineralization when compared to its counterparts without TMP or supplemented with micrometric TMP.
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Application of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Mouse Dermokine
Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Production of Monoclonal Antibody Against Excretory-Secretory Antigen of Fasciola hepatica and Evaluation of Its Efficacy in the Diagnosis of Fascioliasis
Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Are Portrait Artists Superior Face Recognizers? Limited Impact of Adult Experience on Face Recognition Ability.
http://ift.tt/2l3hdL4
Evolving the Keys to Visual Crowding.
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The First Letter Position Effect in Visual Word Recognition: The Role of Spatial Attention.
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It Does Exist! A Left-to-Right Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) Effect Among Native Hebrew Speakers.
http://ift.tt/2kfpsQb
Multisensory Cue Combination After Sensory Loss: Audio-Visual Localization in Patients With Progressive Retinal Disease.
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Haptic Search for Movable Parts.
http://ift.tt/2kfm4Vx
Signia Expands Power Series Selections for Severe to Profound Hearing Loss
Following the introduction of the Power Series with the Motion P BTE and Cellion hearing aids last fall, Signia (http://ift.tt/29sqzaU) has added two more hearing aids, Signia Carat and Motion SP, to the line. Signia Carat is a receiver-in-canal device that sits almost invisibly behind the ear and uses a standard size 13 battery. It also comes with a rechargeable option. Motion SP is a behind-the-ear hearing aid that uses a 675 size battery and amplifies sounds up to 82/140 dB.
Like other hearing aids in the Power series, both new devices operate on Signia's primax platform, which features low power consumption and advanced binaural sound processing technology, and are equipped with the SpeechMaster and Narrow Directionality features, allowing users to understand speech in noisy environments and in settings where there are competing speech signals. All Power Series hearing aids are compatible with the touchControl smartphone app, eastTek audio streamer, east Tek app, and the recently launched Signia TeleCare and myHearing apps.
http://ift.tt/2kZ5qxS
Sex differences in the development of prolactinoma in mice overexpressing hCG{beta}: role of TGF{beta}1
Female transgenic mice that overexpress the human chorionic gonadotrophin β subunit (hCGβ+) develop prolactinomas, whereas hCGβ+ males do not. The high levels of circulating hCG induce massive luteinization in the ovary of hCGβ+ females, and progesterone becomes the primary steroid hormone produced, but estradiol remains at physiological level. The involvement of high levels of progesterone in lactotroph proliferation is not clearly understood; hence, the pathogenesis of prolactinomas in hCGβ+ females remains unclear. TGFβ1 is an inhibitor of lactotroph function, and the reduced TGFβ1 activity found in prolactinomas has been proposed to be involved in tumor development. The aim of the present work was to study the role of TGFβ1 in the gender-specific development of prolactinomas in hCGβ+ mice. We compared the expression of different components of the pituitary TGFβ1 system in males and females in this model. We found reduced TGFβ1 levels, reduced expression of TGFβ1 target genes, TGFβ1 receptors, Ltbp1, Smad4 and Smad7 in hCGβ+ female pituitaries. However, no differences were found between the transgenic and wild-type male pituitaries. We postulate that decreased pituitary TGFβ1 activity in hCGβ+ females is involved in the development of prolactinomas. In fact, we demonstrated that an in vivo treatment carried out for increasing pituitary TGFβ1 activity, was successful in reducing the prolactinoma development, and the hyperprolactinemia in hCGβ+ females. Moreover, the stronger TGFβ1 system found in males could protect them from excessive lactotroph proliferation. Sex differences in the regulation of the pituitary TGFβ1 system could explain gender differences in the incidence of prolactinoma.
http://ift.tt/2kCvm1m
Angiotensin II induces differential insulin action in rat skeletal muscle
Angiotensin II (ANGII) is reportedly involved in the development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. The present investigation evaluated the effects of two ANGII doses on the phenotypic characteristics of insulin resistance syndrome and insulin action and signaling in rat skeletal muscle. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were infused with either saline (SHAM) or ANGII at a commonly used pressor dose (100 ng/kg/min; ANGII-100) or a higher pressor dose (500 ng/kg/min; ANGII-500) via osmotic minipumps for 14 days. We demonstrated that ANGII-100-infused rats exhibited the phenotypic features of non-obese insulin resistance syndrome, including hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance of glucose uptake in the soleus muscle, whereas ANGII-500-treated rats exhibited diabetes-like symptoms, such as post-prandial hyperglycemia, impaired insulin secretion and hypertriglyceridemia. At the cellular level, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the soleus muscle of the ANGII-100 group was 33% lower (P < 0.05) than that in the SHAM group and was associated with increased insulin-stimulated IRS-1 Ser307 and decreased Akt Ser473 and AS160 Thr642 phosphorylation and GLUT-4 expression. However, ANGII-500 infusion did not induce skeletal muscle insulin resistance or impair insulin signaling elements as initially anticipated. Moreover, we found that insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the ANGII-500 group was accompanied by the enhanced expression of ACE2 and MasR proteins, which are the key elements in the non-classical pathway of the renin–angiotensin system. Collectively, this study demonstrates for the first time that chronic infusion with these two pressor doses of ANGII induced differential metabolic responses at both the systemic and skeletal muscle levels.
http://ift.tt/2kSirqD
Strain-Initialized Robust Bone Surface Detection in 3-D Ultrasound
Publication date: March 2017
Source:Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, Volume 43, Issue 3
Author(s): Mohammad Arafat Hussain, Antony J. Hodgson, Rafeef Abugharbieh
Three-dimensional ultrasound has been increasingly considered as a safe radiation-free alternative to radiation-based fluoroscopic imaging for surgical guidance during computer-assisted orthopedic interventions, but because ultrasound images contain significant artifacts, it is challenging to automatically extract bone surfaces from these images. We propose an effective way to extract 3-D bone surfaces using a surface growing approach that is seeded from 2-D bone contours. The initial 2-D bone contours are estimated from a combination of ultrasound strain images and envelope power images. Novel features of the proposed method include: (i) improvement of a previously reported 2-D strain imaging-based bone segmentation method by incorporation of a depth-dependent cumulative power of the envelope into the elastographic data; (ii) incorporation of an echo decorrelation measure-based weight to fuse the strain and envelope maps; (iii) use of local statistics of the bone surface candidate points to detect the presence of any bone discontinuity; and (iv) an extension of our 2-D bone contour into a 3-D bone surface by use of an effective surface growing approach. Our new method produced average improvements in the mean absolute error of 18% and 23%, respectively, on 2-D and 3-D experimental phantom data, compared with those of two state-of-the-art bone segmentation methods. Validation on 2-D and 3-D clinical in vivo data also reveals, respectively, an average improvement in the mean absolute fitting error of 55% and an 18-fold improvement in the computation time.
http://ift.tt/2lyLGO3
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Using Perfluorobutane-Containing Microbubbles in the Assessment of Liver Allograft Damage: An Exploratory Prospective Study
Publication date: March 2017
Source:Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, Volume 43, Issue 3
Author(s): Ijin Joo, Jae Young Lee, Dong Ho Lee, Ju Hyeon Jeon, Hyeyoung Kim, Nam-Joon Yi, Kwang-Woong Lee, Kyung-Suk Suh
This prospective study investigated the usefulness of contrast (perfluorobutane-containing microbubbles)-enhanced ultrasound in the non-invasive assessment of liver allograft damage. Forty-one liver recipients underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound followed by a liver biopsy. The hepatic filling rate (time between the arrival of contrast agent in the right hepatic artery and the maximum intensity of hepatic parenchyma) and parenchymal intensity difference before and after instantaneous high-power emission in the Kupffer phase were measured. Patients with allograft damage had higher hepatic filling rates and lower parenchymal intensity differences than those without damage (42.0 ± 16.9 vs. 30.5 ± 7.7 s, p = 0.005; 6.1 ± 7.4 vs. 16.6 ± 16.1 dB, p = 0.047, respectively). In the diagnosis of liver allograft damage, hepatic filling rate and parenchymal intensity difference had sensitivities of 61.5% and 90.9% and specificities of 92.6% and 63.6% using cutoffs of >38.5 s and ≤10.3 dB, respectively. In conclusion, contrast-enhanced ultrasound may be a promising tool in the detection of liver allograft damage.
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Editorial Advisory Board
Publication date: March 2017
Source:Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, Volume 43, Issue 3
http://ift.tt/2lz3cSp
Contents
Publication date: March 2017
Source:Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, Volume 43, Issue 3
http://ift.tt/2l3pRtg
Totally Implantable Wireless Ultrasonic Doppler Blood Flowmeters: Toward Accurate Miniaturized Chronic Monitors
Publication date: March 2017
Source:Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, Volume 43, Issue 3
Author(s): Michael A. Rothfuss, Jignesh V. Unadkat, Michael L. Gimbel, Marlin H. Mickle, Ervin Sejdić
Totally implantable wireless ultrasonic blood flowmeters provide direct-access chronic vessel monitoring in hard-to-reach places without using wired bedside monitors or imaging equipment. Although wireless implantable Doppler devices are accurate for most applications, device size and implant lifetime remain vastly underdeveloped. We review past and current approaches to miniaturization and implant lifetime extension for wireless implantable Doppler devices and propose approaches to reduce device size and maximize implant lifetime for the next generation of devices. Additionally, we review current and past approaches to accurate blood flow measurements. This review points toward relying on increased levels of monolithic customization and integration to reduce size. Meanwhile, recommendations to maximize implant lifetime should include alternative sources of power, such as transcutaneous wireless power, that stand to extend lifetime indefinitely. Coupling together the results will pave the way for ultra-miniaturized totally implantable wireless blood flow monitors for truly chronic implantation.
http://ift.tt/2lyQS4H
Masthead
Publication date: March 2017
Source:Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, Volume 43, Issue 3
http://ift.tt/2l3jjux
Quantitative Analysis of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging in Invasive Breast Cancer: A Novel Technique to Obtain Histopathologic Information of Microvessel Density
Publication date: March 2017
Source:Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, Volume 43, Issue 3
Author(s): Naoko Mori, Shunji Mugikura, Shoki Takahashi, Koichi Ito, Chiaki Takasawa, Li Li, Minoru Miyashita, Atsuko Kasajima, Yu Mori, Takanori Ishida, Tetsuya Kodama, Kei Takase
We examined whether enhancement area ratios obtained by the new bubble detection method correlate with histologic microvessel density in invasive breast cancer. Forty consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer lesions underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound. The ratio of enhanced area to manually segmented tumor area (enhancement area ratio) was obtained with the new method at peak and delayed phases (50–54, 55–59, 60–64 and 65–69 s). We also analyzed time–intensity curves to obtain peak intensity and area under curve. Enhancement area ratios in both peak and delayed phases (50–54, 55–59, 60–64 and 65–69 s) were significantly correlated with microvessel density (r = 0.57, 0.62, 0.68, 0.61 and 0.58; p = 0.0001, <0.0001, <.0001, <.0001 and 0.0001, respectively). In time–intensity curve analysis, peak intensity was significantly correlated (r = 0.43, p = 0.0073), whereas area under the curve was not (r = 0.29, p = 0.0769). Enhancement area ratios obtained by the new method were correlated with microvessel density in invasive breast cancer.
http://ift.tt/2lyICBA
A Novel Approach to Detecting Postpartum Hemorrhage Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
Publication date: March 2017
Source:Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, Volume 43, Issue 3
Author(s): Kenji Imai, Tomomi Kotani, Hiroyuki Tsuda, Tomoko Nakano, Akihiro Hirakawa, Fumitaka Kikkawa
The aim of this study was to estimate the efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in detecting postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) after cesarean section. This is the first study of CEUS in obstetric hemorrhage. A total of 37 patients, operated at Nagoya University Hospital, underwent CEUS. We evaluated the findings of CEUS, which were qualitatively defined as positive when pooling or leakage of contrast agent was observed in the uterine cavity, by measuring the amount of bleeding during the first 4 h after cesarean section. The time–intensity curve patterns of leaked contrast agents were also analyzed for quantitative prediction of the amount of blood loss. Significant differences between the excessive hemorrhage (N = 7) and non-excessive hemorrhage groups (N = 30) were noted in the occurrence of positive CEUS (p = 0.011). Additionally, mean postpartum blood loss markedly increased in patients with a positive CEUS (p = 0.002). From a quantitative perspective, the time until leakage of contrast agents was detected correlated with the amount of bleeding, but the other characteristics of the time–intensity curve pattern did not provide valuable information. In conclusion, CEUS, which enables bedside assessment and rapid diagnosis, is a promising strategy for the detection of PPH.
http://ift.tt/2l3o07A
Diagnosis of Complex Pulley Ruptures Using Ultrasound in Cadaver Models
Publication date: March 2017
Source:Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, Volume 43, Issue 3
Author(s): Isabelle Schöffl, Arnica Hugel, Volker Schöffl, Wolfgang Rascher, Jörg Jüngert
Pulley ruptures are common in climbing athletes. The purposes of this study were to determine the specific positioning of each pulley with regards to the joint, and to evaluate the ultrasound diagnostics of various pulley rupture combinations. For this, 34 cadaver fingers were analyzed via ultrasound, the results of which were compared to anatomic measurements. Different pulley ruptures were then simulated and evaluated using ultrasound in standardized dynamic forced flexion. Visualization of the A2 and A4 pulleys was achieved 100% of the time, while the A3 pulley was visible in 74% of cases. Similarly, injuries to the A2 and A4 pulleys were readily observable, while A3 pulley injuries were more challenging to identify (sensitivity of 0.2 for singular A3 pulley, 0.5 for A2/A4 pulley and 0.33 for A3/A4 pulley ruptures). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to evaluate the optimal tendon-bone distance for pulley rupture diagnosis, a threshold which was determined to be 1.9 mm for A2 pulley ruptures and 1.85 for A4 pulley ruptures. This study was the first to carry out a cadaver ultrasound examination of a wide variety of pulley ruptures. Ultrasound is a highly accurate tool for visualizing the A2 and A4 pulleys in a cadaver model. This method of pathology diagnosis was determined to be suitable for injuries to the A2 and A4 pulleys, but inadequate for A3 pulley injuries.
http://ift.tt/2l3oUkB
High-Resolution Elastography for Thin-Layer Mechanical Characterization: Toward Skin Investigation
Publication date: March 2017
Source:Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, Volume 43, Issue 3
Author(s): Caroline Chartier, Yassine Mofid, Cécile Bastard, Véronique Miette, Annabel Maruani, Laurent Machet, Frédéric Ossant
Interest in elasticity estimation for thin layers is increasing because of the various potential applications, including dermatology and cosmetology. In this context, we propose a dedicated elastographic system using 1-D high-frequency transient elastography (HF-TE) to estimate the 1-D Young's modulus through the dermis and hypodermis, which are the two human skin layers of interest in this study. An experimental validation of the HF-TE method was first carried out on two homogeneous tissue-mimicking hard and soft phantoms. The Young's modulus values obtained in these phantoms were compared with those obtained by two complementary shear wave propagation techniques: shear wave-induced resonance elastography (SWIRE) and supersonic shear imaging (SSI). A third two-layer thin phantom, with mechanical properties similar to those of skin, was used to validate the ability of HF-TE to distinguish layers and measure elasticity. Finally, preliminary in vivo experiments conducted on forearm and cheek skin revealed the promising performance of HF-TE in measuring elasticity in the dermis and hypodermis.
http://ift.tt/2lyG7zo
Characterization of hard-segment crystalline phase of thermoplastic polyurethane in the presence of butane and glycerol monosterate and its impact on mechanical property and microcellular morphology
Publication date: 10 March 2017
Source:Polymer, Volume 112
Author(s): N. Hossieny, V. Shaayegan, A. Ameli, M. Saniei, C.B. Park
The effects of glycerol monosterate (GMS) and high-pressure butane on the phase-separation and crystallization of the hard segment (HS) of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were investigated. Small and wide angle x-ray diffraction, polarized optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the crystalline morphology of TPU under various conditions. Overall, 60% higher HS crystallinity was observed in TPU-GMS samples annealed with butane compared to the neat-TPU samples. The toughness and Young Modulus in the TPU-GMS samples were increased due to the higher HS crystallinity compared to the neat-TPU samples. The HS crystallites were effectively utilized as heterogeneous bubble nucleation sites to induce microcellular morphologies in the TPU microstructure. Compared to neat-TPU, the TPU-GMS microcellular morphology showed higher cell density over the wide saturation temperature of 150–170 °C due to the increased HS phase separation and crystallization mechanism in the presence of GMS and dissolved butane.
Graphical abstract
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Isoindigo dye incorporated copolymers with diselenophenylethene: Synthesis, characterization, and enhanced mobilities in field-effect transistors with electrodes modified by thiol-based self-assembled monolayers
Publication date: 10 March 2017
Source:Polymer, Volume 112
Author(s): Keli Shi, Weifeng Zhang, Xiaotong Liu, Ye Zou, Gui Yu
In this study, we report the design and synthesis of two donor−acceptor isoindigo dye-based copolymers, namely PIIVS1 and PIIVS2, in which π−extended diselenophenylethene building block acts as electron-donating units. The charge transport properties of both copolymers were studied by fabricating field-effect transistors (FETs). The two copolymers-based FETs with electrodes modified by thiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) showed enhanced mobilities of up to 1.58 cm2 V−1 s−1 (average: 1.28 cm2 V−1 s−1), almost two times higher than those achieved in unmodified counterparts. Thereby, a systematical investigation on PIIVS2-based PFETs was performed, indicating contact resistances, contact angles and Au work function all changed in different extents, and more uniform thin film morphologies obtained in thiol-treated PFET devices. The results demonstrate the potential and feasibility of electrodes modification by thiol-based SAMs on improving the device performance of FETs.
Graphical abstract
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Acoustic Impedance Analysis with High-Frequency Ultrasound for Identification of Fatty Acid Species in the Liver
Publication date: March 2017
Source:Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, Volume 43, Issue 3
Author(s): Kazuyo Ito, Kenji Yoshida, Hitoshi Maruyama, Jonathan Mamou, Tadashi Yamaguchi
Acoustic properties of free fatty acids present in the liver were studied as a possible basis for non-invasive ultrasonic diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Acoustic impedance was measured for the following types of tissue samples: Four pathologic types of mouse liver, five kinds of FFAs in solvent and five kinds of FFAs in cultured Huh-7 cells. A transducer with an 80-MHz center frequency was incorporated into a scanning acoustic microscopy system. Acoustic impedance was calculated from the amplitude of the signal reflected from the specimen surface. The Kruskal–Wallis test revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) in acoustic impedance not only among pathologic types, but also among the FFAs in solvent and in cultured Huh-7 cells. These results suggest that each of the FFAs, especially palmitate, oleate and palmitoleate acid, can be distinguished from each other, regardless of whether they were in solution or absorbed by cells.
http://ift.tt/2l3fpBN