Evidence-based practice has become a buzz word these days, particularly in the healthcare system. One of the questions I would like to draw attention to is about evidence-based practice (EBP). It often compels me to ...
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Παρασκευή 17 Φεβρουαρίου 2017
Thermal behavior of Carrara marble after consolidation by ammonium phosphate, ammonium oxalate and ethyl silicate
Publication date: 15 April 2017
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 120
Author(s): Enrico Sassoni, Gabriela Graziani, Giovanni Ridolfi, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Elisa Franzoni
The response to thermal variations is the primary cause of marble deterioration in ancient and modern buildings. In this study, the thermal behavior of Carrara marble after consolidation by an innovative hydroxyapatite-based treatment was investigated in comparison with ammonium oxalate and ethyl silicate. Samples were subjected to heating-cooling cycles up to 80°C. All the consolidating treatments were found to be fairly compatible, as in no case the residual strain after the thermal cycles was found to increase compared to the unweathered untreated marble. Anyway, the hydroxyapatite-treatment has the advantage of causing the highest increase in marble cohesion and the lowest residual strain, besides being more chromatically compatible and durable than the alternative commercial consolidants.
Graphical abstract
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Decoding Grasping Movements from the Parieto-Frontal Reaching Circuit in the Nonhuman Primate
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>Prehension movements typically include a reaching phase, guiding the hand toward the object, and a grip phase, shaping the hand around it. The dominant view posits that these components rely upon largely independent parieto-frontal circuits: a dorso-medial circuit involved in reaching and a dorso-lateral circuit involved in grasping. However, mounting evidence suggests a more complex arrangement, with dorso-medial areas contributing to both reaching and grasping. To investigate the role of the dorso-medial reaching circuit in grasping, we trained monkeys to reach-and-grasp different objects in the dark and determined if hand configurations could be decoded from functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) responses obtained from the reaching and grasping circuits. Indicative of their established role in grasping, object-specific grasp decoding was found in anterior intraparietal (AIP) area, inferior parietal lobule area PFG and ventral premotor region F5 of the lateral grasping circuit, and primary motor cortex. Importantly, the medial reaching circuit also conveyed robust grasp-specific information, as evidenced by significant decoding in parietal reach regions (particular V6A) and dorsal premotor region F2. These data support the proposed role of dorso-medial "reach" regions in controlling aspects of grasping and demonstrate the value of complementing univariate with more sensitive multivariate analyses of functional MRI (fMRI) data in uncovering information coding in the brain.</span>
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Cortical Thickness Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorders Through Late Childhood, Adolescence, and Adulthood: A Large-Scale MRI Study
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>Neuroimaging studies in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have provided inconsistent evidence of cortical abnormality. This is probably due to the small sample sizes used in most studies, and important differences in sample characteristics, particularly age, as well as to the heterogeneity of the disorder. To address these issues, we assessed abnormalities in ASD within the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange data set, which comprises data from approximately 1100 individuals (~6–55 years). A subset of these data that met stringent quality control and inclusion criteria (560 male subjects; 266 ASD; age = 6–35 years) were used to compute age-specific differences in cortical thickness in ASD and the relationship of any such differences to symptom severity of ASD. Our results show widespread increased cortical thickness in ASD, primarily left lateralized, from 6 years onwards, with differences diminishing during adulthood. The severity of symptoms related to social affect and communication correlated with these cortical abnormalities. These results are consistent with the conjecture that developmental patterns of cortical thickness abnormalities reflect delayed cortical maturation and highlight the dynamic nature of morphological abnormalities in ASD.</span>
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Relationships Between Morphologic and Functional Patterns in the Polymicrogyric Cortex
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>Polymicrogyria is a malformation of cortical folding and layering underlying different cognitive and neurological manifestations. The polymicrogyric cortex has heterogeneous morphofunctional patterns, qualitatively described at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by variable severity gradients and functional activations. We investigated the link between abnormal cortical folding and cortical function in order to improve surgical planning for patients with polymicrogyria and intractable epilepsy. We performed structural and functional MRI on 14 patients with perisylvian polymicrogyria and adopted surface-based methods to detect alterations of cortical thickness (CT) and local gyrification index (LGI) compared with normal cortex (30 age-matched subjects). We quantitatively assessed the grade of anatomic disruption of the polymicrogyric cortex and defined its relationship with decreased cortical function. We observed a good matching between visual analysis and morphometric measurements. CT maps revealed sparse clusters of thickening, while LGI maps disclosed circumscribed regions of maximal alteration with a uniformly decreasing centrifugal gradient. In polymicrogyric areas in which gyral and sulcal patterns were preserved, functional activation maintained the expected location, but was reduced in extent. Morphofunctional correlations, evaluated along cortico-cortical paths between maximum morphologic alterations and significant activations, identified an interindividual threshold for LGI (<span style="font-style:italic;">z-</span>value = −1.09) beyond which functional activations were no longer identifiable.</span>
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Adhärenz in der spezifischen Immuntherapie
Zusammenfassung
Allergien nehmen in der westlichen Welt stetig an Bedeutung zu. Seit über 100 Jahren stellt die Immuntherapie die einzig kausale Therapie dar. Die spezifische Immuntherapie (SIT) zielt auf Heilung oder zumindest eine Symptomfreiheit der Allergien. Hierbei stellt die Adhärenz ein komplexes Problem dar. Beide üblicherweise in Deutschland eingesetzten Therapieapplikationen, sublinguale und subkutane Immuntherapien, verzeichnen eine schlechte Persistenz der Patienten. In den meisten Fällen wird die SIT nicht bis zum Ende der empfohlenen Dauer durchgeführt, sondern frühzeitig beendet. Hierbei reichen die Zahlen in der Literatur zu 3‑jährigen Studien von 41–93 % nicht beendeter SLIT und 40–77 % nicht beendeter SCIT. Die Adhärenz der Patienten unterliegt Einflussfaktoren unterschiedlicher Dimensionen, die in komplexen Beziehungen voneinander abhängen. Das Arzt-Patienten-Verhältnis stellt für den Therapieerfolg einen ebenso entscheidenden Faktor dar wie das Verständnis des Patienten von Allergie, Therapie und Bedeutung seiner Adhärenz.
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Psychosomatik der Kopfhaut
Zusammenfassung
Das Spektrum zu erwartender psychischer Störungen der Kopfhaut zeigt aufgrund der Sichtbarkeit, einer möglichen Stigmatisierung sowie der Behaarung einige Besonderheiten auf. Von praktischer Relevanz ist die Trichotillomanie, die neu zu den Zwangsstörungen gezählt wird. Eine weitere psychodermatologische Herausforderung stellen Patienten mit Fokussierung eines normwertigen physiologischen Haarausfalls dar. Die Behandlung von psychotrichologischen Erkrankungen erfolgt mit psychosomatischer Grundversorgung, Verhaltenstherapie oder Psychopharmaka.
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Nationwide multi-institutional retrospective analysis of high-dose-rate brachytherapy combined with external beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: An Asian Prostate HDR-BT Consortium
Source:Brachytherapy
Author(s): Hiromichi Ishiyama, Nobuhiko Kamitani, Hidemasa Kawamura, Shingo Kato, Manabu Aoki, Shinji Kariya, Taisei Matsumura, Motoki Kaidu, Ken Yoshida, Yaichiro Hashimoto, Yasutaka Noda, Keith H.C. Lim, Takatsugu Kawase, Takeo Takahashi, Koji Inaba, Motoyasu Kumano, Nobuhiko Yoshikawa, Yasuo Yoshioka, Katsumasa Nakamura, Junichi Hiratsuka, Jun Itami, Kazushige Hayakawa
PurposeTo report outcomes and risk factors of high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with external beam radiotherapy with or without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer patients.Materials and MethodsThis multi-institutional retrospective analysis comprised 3424 patients with localized prostate cancer at 16 Asian hospitals. One-thirds (27.7%) of patients received only neoadjuvant ADT, whereas almost half (49.5%) of patients received both neoadjuvant and adjuvant ADT. Mean duration of neoadjuvant and adjuvant ADT were 8.6 months and 27.9 months, respectively. Biochemical failure was defined by Phoenix ASTRO consensus. Biochemical control rate, clinical disease-free survival (cDFS), cause-specific survival, and overall survival (OS) were calculated.ResultsMedian followup was 66 months. Ten-year biochemical control, cDFS, cause-specific survival, and OS rate were 81.4%, 81.0%, 97.2%, and 85.6%, respectively. Receiving both neoadjuvant and adjuvant ADT was detected as a favorable factor for biochemical control, cDFS, and OS, but pelvic irradiation was detected as an adverse factor for cause-specific survival, and OS. Ten-year cumulative rates of late Grade ≥2 genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicities were 26.8% and 4.1%, respectively; receiving both neoadjuvant and adjuvant ADT was detected as a favorable factor for preventing both toxicities.ConclusionsHDR combined with external beam radiotherapy was an effective and safe treatment for localized prostate cancer. Combination of long-term ADT was suggested to be necessary, even for HDR brachytherapy, and was useful in suppressing late toxicities. Meanwhile, pelvic irradiation was suggested to have an adverse effect on OS of our study population.
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Association between signs and symptoms of bruxism and presence of tori: a systematic review
Abstract
Objective
This systematic review aims to answer the question: "Is there an association between any specific signs and symptoms of bruxism and the presence of tori?"
Material and methods
Observational studies, which evaluated the association between signs and symptoms of bruxism and tori, were selected. Signs and symptoms of bruxism (such as teeth grinding, jaw clenching, abnormal tooth wear, facial muscle hypertrophy, pain, or fatigue) had to be determined by questionnaire or anamnesis and tori within clinical assessment. Search-strategies were developed for five databases, in addition to three gray literature's databases. The risk of bias was evaluated using the "Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument". A summary of overall strength of evidence was estimated using GRADE's Summary of findings table.
Results
Among 575 studies, five were included. Two studies were categorized as moderate risk of bias and three as high risk of bias. Self-report of teeth grinding and/or clenching presented contradictory results. Presence of abnormal tooth wear increased the odds of having tori, mainly for torus mandibularis. The overall quality of evidence ranged from low to very low.
Conclusion
Based on available evidence, the presence of abnormal tooth wear might be associated with tori, mainly torus mandibularis. There is no sufficient evidence to credit or discredit the association of tori and other signs and/or symptoms of bruxism.
Clinical relevance
Bruxism diagnosis is a challenge. The association between signs and symptoms of bruxism and tori could help clinicians on the recognition of patients susceptible to bruxism. This knowledge might also aid to the understanding of tori's development and stimulate new relevant research.
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Presence of root canal treatment has no influence on periodontal bone loss
Abstract
Aim
The aim of this study was to compare the interproximal bone level at root canal-filled teeth and non-root canal-filled teeth.
Materials and methods
The records of patients from the department were consecutively screened from January 2009 to October 2011. The distance between the coronal reference point to the alveolar bone crest (AC) was assessed at the mesial and distal aspects of root canal-filled teeth (RCF+) and their contralateral non-root canal-filled teeth (RCF−) on periapical radiographs. Generalised linear mixed-effects models were applied.
Results
The sample consisted of 128 pairs of teeth comprising data from 72 patients. The results for AC revealed a median distance of 3.2 mm for RCF+ and 3.4 mm for RCF− (p = 0.61). Using the maximal distance on either the distal or the mesial tooth surface, a median distance of 3.6 mm was detected for RCF+ and 3.8 mm for RCF−, respectively (p = 0.42). Even after taking several tooth- and subject-specific variables into account, the differences between AC on RCF+ and RCF− were statistically not significant (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
The interproximal bone loss did not differ statistically significant between root canal-filled teeth and non-root canal-filled teeth.
Clinical relevance
Existence of appropriately done root canal fillings in periodontitis patients has no effect on the prognosis of periodontal disease.
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Selected cytokine pathways in rheumatoid arthritis
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to joint destruction. Cytokines play a key role in its pathogenesis. They contribute to the induction and maintenance of inflammation and thus provide therapeutic targets. Many cytokines are involved in RA, and this review focuses on a few critical ones: tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, IL-17, and GM-CSF. TNF and IL-6 are both well-established targets in RA treatment, and new biologic agents are reaching the market. IL-1 represents a more complex cytokine as results in humans do not reach those in animal models. IL-17 and GM-CSF are cytokines representing new targets either as early treatment or in non-responders to other biologics. The interaction between cytokines and their signaling pathways are the basis for the development of new strategies with small molecules or bispecific antibodies. Clearly, the targeting of cytokines has been a major progress in RA treatment, but many issues remain open. Although remission can be better achieved, reactivation of the disease too often occurs upon treatment discontinuation. Better understanding and targeting of chronicity remains a goal to achieve in the future.
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Effect of a one-step self-etch adhesive on endogenous dentin matrix metalloproteinases
Degradation of the hybrid layer created in dentin by dentin adhesives is caused by enzyme activities present within the dentin matrix that destroy unprotected collagen fibrils. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a one-step self-etch adhesive system on dentinal matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 4 (MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively) using in situ zymography and an enzymatic activity assay. The null hypothesis tested was that there are no differences in the activities of dentinal MMPs before and after treatment with a one-step adhesive system. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in dentin treated with the one-step adhesive, Adper Easy Bond, were quantified using an enzymatic activity assay system. The MMP activities within the hybrid layer created by the one-step adhesive tested were also evaluated using in situ zymography. The enzymatic assay revealed an increase in MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities after treatment with adhesive. In situ zymography indicated that gelatinolytic activity is present within the hybrid layer created with the one-step self-etch adhesive. The host-derived gelatinases were localized within the hybrid layer and remained active after the bonding procedure. It is concluded that the one-step self-etch adhesive investigated activates endogenous MMP-2 and MMP-9 with the dentin matrix, which may cause collagen degradation over time.
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Improving Radiation Oncology Providers' Workload and Performance: Can Simulation-based Training Help?
Publication date: Available online 17 February 2017
Source:Practical Radiation Oncology
Author(s): Lukasz M. Mazur, Prithima R. Mosaly, Gregg Tracton, Marjorie P. Stiegler, Robert Adams, Bhishamjit Chera, Lawrence B. Marks
PurposeTo help with ongoing safety challenges in radiation therapy (RT) the objective of this research was to develop and assess the impact of simulation-based training intervention on radiation oncology providers' workload and performance during treatment planning and quality assurance (QA) tasks.Methods and materials18 radiation oncology professionals completed routine treatment planning and QA tasks on two clinical scenarios in a simulation laboratory, as part of a prospective IRB-approved study. Workload was measured at the end of each assessment/scenario using the NASA Task-Load Index (NASA-TLX). Performance was quantified based on procedural compliance (adherence to pre-set/standard QA tasks), time-to-scenario completion, and clinically relevant performance. Participants were then randomized to receive (vs. not receive) simulation-based training intervention (e.g., standardized feedback on workload and performance) and underwent repeat measurements of workload and performance. Pre- and post-intervention changes in workload and performance from participants who received (vs. did not receive) were compared using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsSimulation-based training was associated with significant improvements in procedural compliance (p=0.01) and increases in time-to-scenario completion (p=0.01), but had no significant impact on subjective workload or clinically relevant performance.ConclusionSimulation-based training may be a tool to improve procedural compliance of RT professionals and to acquire new skills and knowledge to proactively maintain RT professionals' preoccupation with patient safety.
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Safety and immunogenicity of the novel H4:IC31 tuberculosis vaccine candidate in BCG-vaccinated adults: Two phase I dose escalation trials
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Maria Norrby, Timo Vesikari, Lars Lindqvist, Markus Maeurer, Raija Ahmed, Shahnaz Mahdavifar, Sean Bennett, J. Bruce McClain, Barbara M. Shepherd, Daner Li, David A. Hokey, Ingrid Kromann, Søren T. Hoff, Peter Andersen, Adriëtte W. de Visser, Simone A. Joosten, Tom H.M. Ottenhoff, Jan Andersson, Susanna Brighenti
BackgroundNovel vaccine strategies are required to provide protective immunity in tuberculosis (TB) and prevent development of active disease. We investigated the safety and immunogenicity of a novel TB vaccine candidate, H4:IC31 (AERAS-404) that is composed of a fusion protein of M. tuberculosis antigens Ag85B and TB10.4 combined with an IC31® adjuvant.MethodsBCG-vaccinated healthy subjects were immunized with various antigen (5, 15, 50, 150μg) and adjuvant (0, 100, 500nmol) doses of the H4:IC31 vaccine (n=106) or placebo (n=18) in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase I studies conducted in a low TB endemic setting in Sweden and Finland. The subjects were followed for adverse events and CD4+ T cell responses.ResultsH4:IC31 vaccination was well tolerated with a safety profile consisting of mostly mild to moderate self-limited injection site pain, myalgia, arthralgia, fever and post-vaccination inflammatory reaction at the screening tuberculin skin test injection site. The H4:IC31 vaccine elicited antigen-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine production that persisted 18weeks after the last vaccination. CD4+ T cell expansion, IFN-γ production and multifunctional CD4+ Th1 responses were most prominent after two doses of H4:IC31 containing 5, 15, or 50μg of H4 in combination with the 500nmol IC31 adjuvant dose.ConclusionsThe novel TB vaccine candidate, H4:IC31, demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and was immunogenic, capable of triggering multifunctional CD4+ T cell responses in previously BCG-vaccinated healthy individuals. These dose-escalation trials provided evidence that the optimal antigen-adjuvant dose combinations are 5, 15, or 50μg of H4 and 500nmol of IC31.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02066428 and NCT02074956.
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Effect of stepwise perinatal immunization education: A cluster-randomized controlled trial
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Aya Saitoh, Akihiko Saitoh, Isamu Sato, Tomohiro Shinozaki, Hajime Kamiya, Satoko Nagata
BackgroundPerinatal immunization education is important for improving the immunization outcomes of infants; however, the content of educational materials used at each perinatal period has not been carefully evaluated. We hypothesized that stepwise education offered at different perinatal periods would improve infant immunization status and enhance maternal immunization knowledge.MethodsIn this cluster-randomized controlled trial, pregnant women were recruited from nine obstetric sites in Niigata, Japan. The intervention group received a stepwise, interactive education intervention (prenatally, postnatally, and 1month after birth). The control group received a leaflet containing general information on immunization. Infant immunization status was evaluated at 6months of age, and maternal immunization knowledge was evaluated by a written survey after each intervention.ResultsAmong 188 study participants, 151 (80.3%) replied to the final post-intervention survey. At 6months of age, the percentage of children who completed three doses of inactivated polio, diphtheria, tetanus toxoid, and acellular pertussis (DTaP-IPV) vaccine was higher in the intervention group than in the control (p=0.04); however, no differences between groups were observed for the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (p=0.67) or 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13) vaccines (p=0.20). The duration to the completion of the third dose of the DTaP-IPV, Hib, and PCV13 vaccines was shorter in the intervention group than in the control (p=0.03, p<0.01, and p<0.01, respectively). Furthermore, maternal knowledge scores exhibited significantly greater improvement in the intervention group over time compared with those of the control group (p=0.02).ConclusionsStepwise perinatal immunization education improved immunization schedule adherence for required vaccines and improved maternal immunization knowledge.
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Dynamics of APC recruitment at the site of injection following injection of vaccine adjuvants
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Susan van Aalst, Irene Stephanie Ludwig, Peter Johannes Sylvester van Kooten, Ruurd van der Zee, Willem van Eden, Femke Broere
Vaccines often contain adjuvants to strengthen the response to the vaccine antigen. However, their modes of action at the site of injection (SOI) are poorly understood. Therefore, we assessed the local effects of adjuvant on the innate immune system in mice. We investigated the safe, widely used adjuvants MF59 and aluminum hydroxide (alum), as well as trehalose-6,6′-dibehenate (TDB), Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) and the Toll-Like-Receptor-ligands lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Pam3CysSerLys4 (Pam3CSK4). We assessed muscle immune cell infiltration after adjuvant injection and observed 16h post immunization (hpi) an increased influx with CFA, MF59 and TDB, but not with alum, LPS or Pam3CSK4. An elevated influx with the latter three became visible only 72hpi. Contribution of granulocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells to the influx differed per adjuvant and in time. Adjuvants generally induced a local pro-inflammatory micro-milieu that was transient except for CFA and TDB. The gene expression of CXCL-1, CCL-2 and CCL-5, involved in recruitment of immune cells, varied per adjuvant and corresponded grossly with the observed influx of granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages. Muscles injected with CFA or MF59 (when co-injected with peptide) resulted in APC ex vivo capable to induce proliferation of peptide-specific T-cells. By adding in vitro an excess of peptide to the APC/T cell co-cultures, we observed an adjuvant-enhanced co-stimulation or antigen presentation by APC after CFA- but not MF59-injection. After TDB-injection this effect was observed only at 72hpi, but not 24hpi. Thus the cellular influx profile and the local cytokine and chemokine micro-milieu in the muscle were strongly influenced by the type of adjuvant. Additionally, the capacity of muscle APC to load and present antigen was affected by the adjuvant. These findings may assist the development of novel adjuvanted vaccines in a more rational manner.
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Rape, Other, or No Sexual Perpetration Experience Predicting College Men's Empathy with a Rapist
Violence and Gender , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Efficacy and safety of ClairYg(®), a ready-to-use intravenous immunoglobulin, in adult patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia.
| Related Articles |
Efficacy and safety of ClairYg(®), a ready-to-use intravenous immunoglobulin, in adult patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia.
Am J Blood Res. 2017;7(1):1-9
Authors: Slama B, Fain O, Maisonneuve H, Jourdan E, Viallard JF, Ouaja R, Alfa-Cissé O, Godeau B, Study Investigators
Abstract
PURPOSE: The present study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of IGNG that is a new liquid, saccharose and maltose-free highly purified ready-to-use 5% intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), in primary immune thrombocytopenic patients with severe thrombocytopenia.
METHODS: Nineteen adults with a platelet count ≤ 25 × 10(9)/L received a single dose of IGNG (1 g/kg) on Day 1, with a second identical dose on Day 3 if needed. Patients were followed for 30 days. Primary endpoint was the response rate, defined as the proportion of patients with a platelet count ≥ 50 × 10(9)/L within 96 hours after the first IGNG dose.
RESULTS: All but one of the 17 evaluable patients for efficacy responded with an overall response rate of 94.1% (95% CI 71.3%-99.9%). Response was observed after only one infusion (1 g/kg boby weight) in 11 patients (59%) and the others required a second dose. Mean time to response was 2.2 days. Maximum platelet count was reached within 1 week after the first dose and lasted for approximately 2 weeks. Patients requiring a second dose had lower platelet counts at baseline than patients requiring a single dose. In the 19 evaluable patients for safety, IGNG demonstrated good safety, good hepatic and renal tolerance, and did not induce hemolysis. This trial was registered at the French Medical Agency (AFSSAPS) as #DI n°060735.
PMID: 28203488 [PubMed]
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"Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao"[jour]; +33 new citations
33 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:
"Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao"[jour]
These pubmed results were generated on 2017/02/17
PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
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OnabotulinumtoxinA effectiveness on chronic migraine, negative emotional states and sleep quality: a single-center prospective cohort study
OnabotulinumtoxinA (OnabotA) is considered effective in in patients with chronic migraine (CM) who failed on traditional therapies. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of OnabotA injection series on...
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Corrigendum to “Sustained localized presentation of RNA interfering molecules from in situ forming hydrogels to guide stem cell osteogenic differentiation” [Biomaterials 35/24 (2014) 6278–6286]
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 125
Author(s): Minh K. Nguyen, Oju Jeon, Melissa D. Krebs, Daniel Schapira, Eben Alsberg
http://ift.tt/2l0i52Q
Polyester fabric sheet layers functionalized with graphene oxide for sensitive isolation of circulating tumor cells
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 125
Author(s): Jiyoon Bu, Young Jun Kim, Yoon-Tae Kang, Tae Hee Lee, Jeongsuk Kim, Young-Ho Cho, Sae-Won Han
The metastasis of cancer is strongly associated with the spread of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Based on the microfluidic devices, which offer rapid recovery of CTCs, a number of studies have demonstrated the potential of CTCs as a diagnostic tool. However, not only the insufficient specificity and sensitivity derived from the rarity and heterogeneity of CTCs, but also the high-cost fabrication processes limit the use of CTC-based medical devices in commercial. Here, we present a low-cost fabric sheet layers for CTC isolation, which are composed of polyester monofilament yarns. Fabric sheet layers are easily functionalized with graphene oxide (GO), which is beneficial for improving both sensitivity and specificity. The GO modification to the low-cost fabrics enhances the binding of anti-EpCAM antibodies, resulting in 10–25% increase of capture efficiency compared to the surface without GO (anti-EpCAM antibodies directly onto the fabric sheets), while achieving high purity by isolating only 50–300 leukocytes in 1 mL of human blood. We investigated CTCs in ten human blood samples and successfully isolated 4–42 CTCs/mL from cancer patients, while none of cancerous cells were found among healthy donors. This remarkable results show the feasibility of GO-functionalized fabric sheet layers to be used in various CTC-based clinical applications, with high sensitivity and selectivity.
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An Adult Mouse Thyroid Side Population Cell Line that Exhibits Enriched Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition
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An Adult Mouse Thyroid Side Population Cell Line that Exhibits Enriched Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition
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Modulation of Language Switching by Cue Timing: Implications for Models of Bilingual Language Control.
Author: Khateb, Asaid; Shamshoum, Rana; Prior, Anat
DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000382
Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 16 February 2017
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Is the Internet a Suitable Patient Resource for Information on Common Radiological Investigations?
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Dermot J. Bowden, Lee-Chien Yap, Declan G. Sheppard
Rationale and Objective:This study aimed to assess the quality of Internet information about common radiological investigations.Materials and MethodsFour search engines (Google, Bing, Yahoo, and Duckduckgo) were searched using the terms "X-ray," "cat scan," "MRI," "ultrasound," and "pet scan." The first 10 webpage results returned for each search term were recorded, and their quality and readability were analyzed by two independent reviewers (DJB and LCY), with discrepancies resolved by consensus. Analysis of information quality was conducted using validated instruments for the assessment of health-care information (DISCERN score is a multi-domain tool for assessment of health-care information quality by health-care professionals and laypeople (max 80 points)) and readability (Flesch-Kincaid and SMOG or Simple Measure of Gobbledygook scores). The search result pages were further classified into categories as follows: commercial, academic (educational/institutional), and news/magazine. Several organizations offer website accreditation for health-care information, and accreditation is recognized by the presence of a hallmark or logo on the website. The presence of any valid accreditation marks on each website was recorded. Mean scores between groups were compared for significance using the Student t test.ResultsA total of 200 webpages returned (108 unique website addresses). The average DISCERN score was <50 points for all modalities and search engines. No significant difference was seen in readability between modalities or between search engines. Websites carrying validated accreditation marks were associated with higher average DISCERN scores: X-ray (39.36 vs 25.35), computed tomography (45.45 vs 31.33), and ultrasound (40.91 vs 27.62) (P < .01). Academic/government institutions produced material with higher DISCERN scores: X-ray (40.06 vs 22.23), magnetic resonance imaging (44.69 vs 29), ultrasound (46 vs 31.91), and positron emission tomography (45.93 vs 38.31) (P < .01). Commercial websites produced material with lower mean DISCERN scores: X-ray (17.25 vs 31.69), magnetic resonance imaging (20.8 vs 40.1), ultrasound (24.11 vs 42.35), and positron emission tomography (24.5 vs 44.45) (P < .01).ConclusionsAlthough readability is adequate, the overall quality of radiology-related health-care information on the Internet is poor. High-quality online resources should be identified so that patients may avoid the use of poor-quality information derived from general search engine queries.
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Phase II study of bevacizumab and irinotecan as second-line therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer previously treated with fluoropyrimidines, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab
Abstract
Purpose
Fluorouracil and folinic acid with irinotecan (FOLFIRI) plus bevacizumab (BV) is widely used as second-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) previously treated with fluoropyrimidines, oxaliplatin, and BV. FOLFIRI requires a CV catheter and an infusion pump, which are inconvenient for patients. Sufficient data are not available for characterizing the effectiveness of fluoropyrimidines beyond first disease progression. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of irinotecan (CPT-11) plus BV as second-line therapy.
Methods
Patients with mCRC previously treated with at least four courses of a fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and BV were designated to receive 150 mg/m2 of CPT-11 and 10 mg/kg of BV every 2 weeks as second-line therapy. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and secondary endpoints included response rate (RR), overall survival (OS), and adverse events.
Results
Thirty patients from six institutes were enrolled from March 2011 to January 2014. The median PFS was 5.7 months (95% CI 4.2–7.3 months), and the RR was 6.7% (range 0.8–22.1%). Grades 3–4 adverse events included leucopenia (36.7%), neutropenia (50%), thrombocytopenia (26.7%), anemia (30%), diarrhea (3.3%), anorexia (6.7%), and hypertension (3.3%). Relative dose intensities were 94.5 and 96.3% for CPT-11 and BV, respectively. The median OS was 11.8 months (6.3 months—not reached).
Conclusions
Administration of CPT-11 plus BV to patients with mCRC achieved comparable efficacies with relatively lower toxicities compared with the results of previous studies using FOLFIRI plus BV as second-line therapy. The dose intensity of CPT-11 was judged as satisfactory.
Clinical trial information
UMIN000005228
http://ift.tt/2lgm49S
Characterization of phospholipid nitroxidation by LC-MS in biomimetic models and in H9c2 Myoblast using a lipidomic approach
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Author(s): Tânia Melo, Pedro Domingues, Teresa M. Ribeiro-Rodrigues, Henrique Girão, Marcela A. Segundo, M.Rosário M. Domingues
Under nitroxidative stress conditions, lipids are prone to be modified by reaction with reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and different modifications were reported to occur in fatty acids. However, in the case of phospholipids (PL) studied under nitroxidative stress conditions, only nitroalkene derivatives of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), were reported when using both in vitro biomimetic conditions and in vivo model system of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, in order to further explore other nitroxidative modifications of PL, a biomimetic model of nitroxidation combined with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (MS) and MS/MS approaches were used to characterize the nitrated and nitroxidized derivatives of PCs and PEs. Single and multiple nitrated derivatives of phospholipids (PLs) such as nitroso and dinitroso, nitro, dinitro, and nitronitroso derivatives, together with nitroxidized derivatives were identified. Further, the specific MS/MS fragmentation pathways of these products were studied. Product ions arising from loss of HNO and HNO2, from the combined loss of HNO (or HNO2) and polar head groups, [NOn-FA+On+H]+ and [NOn-FA+On-H]- (n=1–2) product ions corresponding to the modified fatty acyl chains were observed, depending on each modification.The knowledge obtained from the study of the MS/MS fragmentation pattern has allowed us to identify nitrated PCs, including NO2-PC, (NO2)2-PCs, (NO2)(NO)-PC, NO-PC; nitrated PEs, NO2-PEs; and nitroxidized PCs, (NO2)(2O)-PC in H9c2 cells under starvation, but not under ischemia or control conditions. The physiological relevance of this nitrated and nitroxidized PCs and PEs species observed exclusively in cardiomyoblast cells (H9c2) under starvation is still unknown but deserves to be explored.
http://ift.tt/2lgqpKp
The role of mitochondria in cardiac development and protection
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Author(s): Jaakko L. Pohjoismäki, Steffi Goffart
Mitochondria are essential for the development as well as maintenance of the myocardium, the most energy consuming tissue in the human body. Mitochondria are not only a source of ATP energy but also generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS), that cause oxidative damage, but also regulate physiological processes such as the switch from hyperplastic to hypertrophic growth after birth. As excess ROS production and oxidative damage are associated with cardiac pathology, it is not surprising that much of the research focused on the deleterious aspects of free radicals. However, cardiomyocytes are naturally highly adapted against repeating oxidative insults, with evidence suggesting that moderate and acute ROS exposure has beneficial consequences for mitochondrial maintenance and cardiac health. Antioxidant defenses, mitochondrial quality control, mtDNA maintenance mechanisms as well as mitochondrial fusion and fission improve mitochondrial function and cardiomyocyte survival under stress conditions. As these adaptive processes can be induced, promoting mitohormesis or mitochondrial biogenesis using controlled ROS exposure could provide a promising strategy to increase cardiomyocyte survival and prevent pathological remodeling of the myocardium.
http://ift.tt/2kyrboO
Serotonin disturbs colon epithelial tolerance of commensal E. coli by increasing NOX-2-derived superoxide
Publication date: Available online 17 February 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Author(s): Suhrid Banskota, Sushil Chandra Regmi, Jaya Gautam, Pallavi Gurung, Yu-Jeong Lee, Sae Kwang Ku, Jin-Hyung Lee, Jintae Lee, Hyeun Wook Chang, Sang Joon Park, Jung-Ae Kim
Adherent-invasive E. coli colonization and Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression are increased in the gut of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. However, the underlying mechanism of such changes has not been determined. In the current study, it was examined whether gut serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) can induce adherent-invasive E. coli colonization and increase TLR expression. In a co-culture system, commensal E. coli strain (BW25113, BW) adhered minimally to colon epithelial cells, but this was significantly enhanced by 5-HT to the level of a pathogenic strain (EDL933). Without inducing bacterial virulence, such as, biofilm formation, 5-HT enhanced BW-induced signaling in colon epithelial cells, that is, NADPH oxidase (NOX)-dependent superoxide production, the up-regulations of IL-8, TLR2, TLR4, and ICAM-1, and the down-regulations of E-cadherin and claudin-2. In a manner commensurate with these gene modulations, BW induced an increase in NF-κB and a decrease in GATA reporter signals in colon epithelial cells. However, 5-HT-enhanced BW adhesion and colon epithelial responses were blocked by knock-down of NOX2, TLR2, or TLR4. In normal mice, 5-HT induced the invasion of BW into gut submucosa, and the observed molecular changes were similar to those observed in vitro, except for significant increases in TNFα and IL-1β, and resulted in death. In dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice (an IBD disease model), in which colonic 5-HT levels were markedly elevated, BW administration induced death in along with large amount of BW invasion into colon submucosa, and time to death was negatively related to the amount of BW injected. Taken together, our results demonstrate that 5-HT induces the invasion of commensal E. coli into gut submucosa by amplifying commensal bacteria-induced epithelial signaling (superoxide production and the inductions of NOX2 and TLR2/TLR4). The authors suggest that these changes may constitute the molecular basis for the pathogenesis of IBD.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2kykIKD
β-lactam hypersensitivity involves expansion of circulating and skin-resident Th22 cells
Capsule summary: New T-cell subsets have not been considered in the context of drug hypersensitivity. Herein, we show that antigen-specific circulating and skin resident CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells secrete IL-22 and cytolytic molecules following drug treatment.
http://ift.tt/2lgrgKW
Automated cell tracking identifies mechanically-oriented cell divisions during Drosophila axis elongation [TECHNIQUES AND RESOURCES]
Michael F. Z. Wang, Miranda Hunter, Gang Wang, Christopher McFaul, Christopher M. Yip, and Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez
http://ift.tt/2ltkSmg
Embryos extend their anterior-posterior (AP) axis in the conserved process of axis elongation. Drosophila axis elongation occurs in an epithelial monolayer, the germband, and is driven by cell intercalation, cell shape changes, and oriented cell divisions at the posterior germband. Anterior germband cells also divide during axis elongation. We developed image analysis and pattern recognition methods to track dividing cells from confocal microscopy movies in a generally-applicable approach. Mesectoderm cells, forming the ventral midline, divided parallel to the AP axis, while lateral cells displayed a uniform distribution of division orientations. Mesectoderm cells did not intercalate and sustained increased AP strain before cell division. After division, mesectoderm cell density increased along the AP axis, thus relieving strain. We used laser ablation to isolate mesectoderm cells from other tissues. Uncoupling the mesectoderm from intercalating cells did not affect cell division orientation. Conversely, separating the mesectoderm from the anterior and posterior poles of the embryo resulted in uniformly-oriented divisions. Our data suggest that mesectoderm cells align their division angle to reduce strain caused by mechanical forces along the AP axis of the embryo.
http://ift.tt/2ltkSmg
Substance P activates Mas-related G-protein coupled receptors to induce itch
Substance P (SP) is linked to itch and inflammation through activation of receptors on mast cells and sensory neurons. There is increasing evidence that SP functions through Mas-related G protein–coupled receptors (Mrgprs) in addition to its conventional receptor, neurokinin-1.
http://ift.tt/2ltylul
Substance P represents a novel first-line defense mechanism in the nose
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and substance P (SP) have both been shown to contribute to airway disease, particularly during viral infection. The present paper demonstrates a novel role for SP in kick-starting the TLR-driven immune response.
http://ift.tt/2lgskyp
Electrochemical monitoring of biointeraction by graphene-based material modified pencil graphite electrode
Publication date: 15 June 2017
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 92
Author(s): Ece Eksin, Erhan Zor, Arzum Erdem, Haluk Bingol
Recently, the low-cost effective biosensing systems based on advanced nanomaterials have received a key attention for development of novel assays for rapid and sequence-specific nucleic acid detection. The electrochemical biosensor based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified disposable pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) were developed herein for electrochemical monitoring of DNA, and also for monitoring of biointeraction occurred between anticancer drug, Daunorubicin (DNR), and DNA. First, rGO was synthesized chemically and characterized by using UV–Vis, TGA, FT-IR, Raman Spectroscopy and SEM techniques. Then, the quantity of rGO assembling onto the surface of PGE by passive adsorption was optimized. The electrochemical behavior of rGO–PGEs was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). rGO-PGEs were then utilized for electrochemical monitoring of surface-confined interaction between DNR and DNA using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. Additionally, voltammetric results were complemented with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. Electrochemical monitoring of DNR and DNA was resulted with satisfying detection limits 0.55µM and 2.71µg/mL, respectively.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2kIdoai
Immunorecognition magnetic supports for the development of an electrochemical immunoassay for azaspiracid detection in mussels
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 92
Author(s): Sandra Leonardo, Maria Rambla-Alegre, Ingunn A. Samdal, Christopher O. Miles, Jane Kilcoyne, Jorge Diogène, Ciara K. O'Sullivan, Mònica Campàs
As azaspiracids (AZAs) are being reported from the coastal waters of an increasing number of countries on a global scale, the need for rapid, simple and cost-effective methods to detect these marine toxins and protect seafood consumers' health is becoming evident. A magnetic bead (MB)-based direct immunoassay for the detection of AZAs, using protein G-coated MBs as supports for antibody immobilisation and peroxidase-labelled AZA as a tracer is detailed. A colorimetric approach was first developed to optimise the experimental parameters and establish the cross-reactivity factors for AZA-1–10. The subsequent combination of the immunorecognition MBs with 8-electrode arrays enabled the multiplexed electrochemical detection of AZAs. Naturally-contaminated mussel samples were analysed and the results obtained showed an excellent correlation with LC-MS/MS analysis. The MB-based immunoassay facilitated the quantification of a wide range of AZA concentrations (120–2875μg AZA-1 equiv./kg), with a limit of detection (63μg AZA-1 equiv./kg) below the European regulatory threshold, using a protocol that requires very few steps and a short analysis time (~ 15min). The simplicity, cost-effectiveness, rapidity, robustness, selectivity and precision of the assay provide a valuable tool for the detection of all regulated AZAs and other toxic AZA analogues, suitable for end users in the field of food safety.
http://ift.tt/2kI05qE
Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 plays an important role in neuroblastoma cell survival independent of its histone methyltransferase activity
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 75
Author(s): Laurel T. Bate-Eya, Hinco J. Gierman, Marli E. Ebus, Jan Koster, Huib N. Caron, Rogier Versteeg, M. Emmy M. Dolman, Jan J. Molenaar
Neuroblastoma is predominantly characterised by chromosomal rearrangements. Next to V-Myc Avian Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Neuroblastoma Derived Homolog (MYCN) amplification, chromosome 7 and 17q gains are frequently observed. We identified a neuroblastoma patient with a regional 7q36 gain, encompassing the enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) gene. EZH2 is the histone methyltransferase of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3) that forms the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2. H3K27me3 is commonly associated with the silencing of genes involved in cellular processes such as cell cycle regulation, cellular differentiation and cancer. High EZH2 expression correlated with poor prognosis and overall survival independent of MYCN amplification status. Unexpectedly, treatment of 3 EZH2-high expressing neuroblastoma cell lines (IMR32, CHP134 and NMB), with EZH2-specific inhibitors (GSK126 and EPZ6438) resulted in only a slight G1 arrest, despite maximum histone methyltransferase activity inhibition. Furthermore, colony formation in cell lines treated with the inhibitors was reduced only at concentrations much higher than necessary for complete inhibition of EZH2 histone methyltransferase activity. Knockdown of the complete protein with three independent shRNAs resulted in a strong apoptotic response and decreased cyclin D1 levels. This apoptotic response could be rescued by overexpressing EZH2ΔSET, a truncated form of wild-type EZH2 lacking the SET transactivation domain necessary for histone methyltransferase activity. Our findings suggest that high EZH2 expression, at least in neuroblastoma, has a survival function independent of its methyltransferase activity. This important finding highlights the need for studies on EZH2 beyond its methyltransferase function and the requirement for compounds that will target EZH2 as a complete protein.
http://ift.tt/2kyd030
Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with advanced mesothelioma treated in a phase I clinical trials unit
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 75
Author(s): Dionysis Papadatos-Pastos, Desam Roda, Maria Jose De Miguel Luken, Ann Petruckevitch, Awais Jalil, Marta Capelan, Vasiliki Michalarea, Joao Lima, Nikolaos Diamantis, Jaishree Bhosle, L. Rhoda Molife, Udai Banerji, Johann S. de Bono, Sanjay Popat, Mary E.R. O'Brien, Timothy A. Yap
BackgroundWe have previously reported a prognostic score for patients in phase I trials in the Drug Development Unit, treated at the Royal Marsden Hospital (RPS). The RPS is an objective tool used in patient selection for phase I trials based on albumin, number of disease sites and LDH. Patients with mesothelioma are often selected for phase I trials as the disease remains localised for long periods of time. We have now reviewed the clinical outcomes of patients with relapsed malignant mesothelioma (MM) and propose a specific mesothelioma prognostic score (m-RPS) that can help identify patients who are most likely to benefit from early referral.MethodsPatients who participated in 38 phase I trials between September 2003 and November 2015 were included in the analysis. Efficacy was assessed by response rate, median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Univariate (UVA) and multivariate analyses (MVA) were carried out to develop the m-RPS.ResultsA total of 65 patients with advanced MM were included in this retrospective study. The PFS was 2.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0–3.1 months) and OS was 8 months (95% CI 5.6–9.8 months). A total of four (6%) patients had RECIST partial responses, whereas 26 (40%) patients had RECIST stable disease >3 months. The m-RPS was developed comprising of three different prognostic factors: a neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio greater than 3, the presence of more than two disease sites (including lymph nodes as a single site of disease) and albumin levels less than 35 from the MVA. Patients each received a score of 1 for the presence of each factor. Patients in group A (m-RPS 0–1; n = 35) had a median OS of 13.4 months (95% CI 8.5–21.6), whereas those in group B (m-RPS 2–3; n = 30) had a median OS of 4.0 months (95% CI 2.9–7.1, P < 0.0001). A total of 56 (86%) patients experienced G1-2 toxicities, whereas reversible G3-4 toxicities were observed in 18 (28%) patients. Only 10 (15%) patients discontinued phase I trials due to toxicity.ConclusionsPhase I clinical trial therapies were well tolerated with early signals of antitumour activity in advanced MM patients. The m-RPS is a useful tool to assess MM patient suitability for phase I trials and should now be prospectively validated.
http://ift.tt/2kSHnNC
Ipilimumab alone or in combination with nivolumab after progression on anti-PD-1 therapy in advanced melanoma
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 75
Author(s): Lisa Zimmer, Susmitha Apuri, Zeynep Eroglu, Lisa A. Kottschade, Andrea Forschner, Ralf Gutzmer, Max Schlaak, Lucie Heinzerling, Angela M. Krackhardt, Carmen Loquai, Svetomir N. Markovic, Richard W. Joseph, Kelly Markey, Jochen S. Utikal, Carsten Weishaupt, Simone M. Goldinger, Vernon K. Sondak, Jonathan S. Zager, Dirk Schadendorf, Nikhil I. Khushalani
BackgroundThe anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab alone or in combination with ipilimumab have shown improved objective response rates and progression-free survival compared to ipilimumab only in advanced melanoma patients. Anti-PD-1 therapy demonstrated nearly equal clinical efficacy in patients who had progressed after ipilimumab or were treatment-naïve. However, only limited evidence exists regarding the efficacy of ipilimumab alone or in combination with nivolumab after treatment failure to anti-PD-therapy.Patients and methodsA multicenter retrospective study in advanced melanoma patients who were treated with nivolumab (1 or 3 mg/kg) and ipilimumab (1 mg or 3 mg/kg) or ipilimumab (3 mg/kg) alone after treatment failure to anti-PD-1 therapy was performed. Patient, tumour, pre- and post-treatment characteristics were analysed.ResultsIn total, 47 patients were treated with ipilimumab (ipi-group) and 37 patients with ipilimumab and nivolumab (combination-group) after treatment failure to anti-PD-1 therapy. Overall response rates for the ipi- and the combination-group were 16% and 21%, respectively. Disease control rate was 42% for the ipi-group and 33% for the combination-group. One-year overall survival rates for the ipi- and the combination-group were 54% and 55%, respectively.ConclusionsIpilimumab should be considered as a viable treatment option for patients with failure to prior anti-PD-1 therapy, including those with progressive disease as best response to prior anti-PD-1. In contrast, the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab appears significantly less effective in this setting compared to treatment-naïve patients.
http://ift.tt/2kygUcj
Risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in individuals with Barrett's oesophagus
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 75
Author(s): Dag Holmberg, Eivind Ness-Jensen, Fredrik Mattsson, Hashem B. El-Serag, Jesper Lagergren
IntroductionRecent studies have indicated a lower incidence rate of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) in individuals with Barrett's oesophagus (BO) than most earlier studies. Our objective was to assess the risk of OAC in a Swedish unselected cohort of individuals with BO.MethodsThis population-based cohort study included all Swedish residents diagnosed with BO in 2006–2013, identified through the Swedish Patient Registry. The cohort members were followed from the date of first BO diagnosis until the first occurrence of OAC, high-grade dysplasia (HGD), death, emigration or end of study period. The main outcome was incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of OAC.ResultsAmong 7932 participants with BO and 18,415 person-years of follow-up, the overall incidence of OAC was 1.47 (95% CI 0.91–2.02) per 1000 person-years. When stratified into follow-up periods after BO diagnosis, the incidence rate of OAC was 15.53 (4.77–26.29) from 7 to 30 d, 4.10 (0.82–7.38) from 31 to 100 d, 1.87 (0.00–3.99) from 101 d to 6 months, 1.44 (0.18–2.70) from >6 months to 1 year, 0.94 (0.36–1.53) from >1 year to 3 years and 2.17 (1.14–3.21) from >3 years to the end of follow-up. The median follow-up time was 2.13 person-years.ConclusionThis population-based study indicates that OAC is primarily diagnosed during the first months following an initial diagnosis of BO. This could justify a changed surveillance strategy of BO with a repeated thorough endoscopy shortly after initial BO diagnosis to identify prevalent early OAC or HGD.
http://ift.tt/2kSFmRO
FoxO integration of insulin signaling with glucose and lipid metabolism
The forkhead box O family consists of FoxO1, FoxO3, FoxO4 and FoxO6 proteins in mammals. Expressed ubiquitously in the body, the four FoxO isoforms share in common the amino DNA binding domain, known as "forkhead box" domain. They mediate the inhibitory action of insulin or insulin-like growth factor on key functions involved in cell metabolism, growth, differentiation, oxidative stress, senescence, autophagy and aging. Genetic mutations in FoxO genes or abnormal expression of FoxO proteins are associated with metabolic disease, cancer or altered lifespan in humans and animals. Of the FoxO family, FoxO6 is the least characterized member and is shown to play pivotal roles in the liver, skeletal muscle and brain. Altered FoxO6 expression is associated with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, dietary obesity and type 2 diabetes, and risk of neurodegeneration disease. FoxO6 is evolutionally divergent from other FoxO isoforms. FoxO6 mediates insulin action on target genes in a mechanism that is fundamentally different from other FoxO members. Here we focus our review on the role of FoxO6, in contrast with other FoxO isoforms, in health and disease. We review the distinctive mechanism by which FoxO6 integrates insulin signaling to hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. We highlight the importance of FoxO6 dysregulation in the dual pathogenesis of fasting hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetes. We review the role of FoxO6 in memory consolidation and its contribution to neurodegeneration disease and aging. We discuss the potential therapeutic option of pharmacological FoxO6 inhibition for improving glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetes.
http://ift.tt/2l3Y3o7
Continuous model of conceptus implantation to the maternal endometrium
As placental morphology as well as trophoblast characteristics exhibit wide diversity across mammalian species, underling molecules were also thought to vary greatly. In the majority of cases, however, regardless of the mode of implantation, physiological and biochemical processes in conceptus implantation to the maternal endometrium including the kinds of gene expression and their products are now considered to share many similarities. In fact, recent progress has identified that in addition to the hormones, cytokines, proteases and cell adhesion molecules classically characterized, molecules related to lymphocyte homing and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are all required for the progression of conceptus implantation to placentation. In this review, therefore, the newest findings are all incorporated into the molecular and cellular events related to conceptus implantation to the maternal endometrium; primarily from noninvasive bovine placentation, but also from invasive human implantation.
http://ift.tt/2m5Zujn
Low Osmolality and Shear Stress during Liposuction Impair Cell Viability in Autologous Fat Grafting
Liposuction and subsequent autologous fat grafting have become essential techniques for fat augmentation in plastic surgery. However, standard harvesting techniques that ensure survival of adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells and thus preserve the transplanted fat volume are lacking. In particular, the effect of different parameters of the tumescent solution has not been studied in this context. We hypothesized that the osmolality of the tumescent solution could have a significant effect on the survival of adipocytes and SVF cells.
http://ift.tt/2lU9kc5
Cartilage Suspension using a Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) Acid System
This study aims to determine whether a bar-like implant made of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) could be used for cartilage suspension, and whether the implant would be suitable for rhinoplasty.
http://ift.tt/2m5X8kx
Preoperative asymmetry is a risk factor for reoperation in involutional blepharoptosis
Patients with involutional blepharoptosis sometimes require reoperation because of functional or aesthetic reasons after the primary operation. Few studies have analyzed risk factors for reoperation in such cases.
http://ift.tt/2lU49c4
Lateral Thigh Perforator Flap for Breast Reconstruction: Computed Tomographic Angiography Analysis and Clinical Series
While abdominally based flaps remain the first choice for autologous breast reconstruction, alternative donor sites are necessary when the abdomen is unavailable. Abdominal donor site suitability is determined, at times, based on DIEP-protocol computed tomographic angiography (CTA) results. CTA also provides information about the pelvis/upper thigh that can be used to evaluate suitability of other donor sites. The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of DIEP-protocol CTA in the assessment of a lateral thigh perforator flap (LTP).
http://ift.tt/2m5KwtY
Structural biomechanics of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton under maximal masticatory loading: inferences and critical analysis based on a validated computational model
The trend towards optimizing stabilization of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton (CMFS) with the minimum amount of fixation required to achieve union, and away from maximizing rigidity, requires a quantitative understanding of craniomaxillofacial biomechanics. This study uses computational modeling to quantify the structural biomechanics of the CMFS under maximal physiologic masticatory loading.
http://ift.tt/2lU48VC
Microvascular Surgery in the Congenital Cardiac Patient: A Case Series Exploring Feasibility and Practical Applications
Pediatric congenital heart disease patients are at risk for vascular injuries during surgical procedures or when the arterial system is accessed for monitoring or diagnostic studies. Our treatment of emergent situations in this patient population using microvascular techniques shows the feasibility of such techniques.
http://ift.tt/2m5H2HF
Indocyanine green applications in plastic surgery: a review of the literature
Using IndoCyanine Green (ICG) near-infrared fluorescence as a dye to assess tissue vascularisation is now well standardized. The aim of this literature review was to review and resume the most recent recommendations for ICG use in its plastic surgery applications.
http://ift.tt/2lTSY3g
Orbicularis oculi muscle tightening for involutional entropion
To describe a novel technique for involutional entropion (IE) correction and to present a retrospective case study.
http://ift.tt/2m5LPcg
Combined Submuscular Tissue Expansion And Anterior Components Separation Technique For Abdominal Wall Reconstruction: Long-Term Outcomes Analysis
We report long-term outcomes analysis of twelve patients undergoing two-stage abdominal wall reconstruction using combined submuscular tissue expansion (TE) and anterior components separation (CS) technique.
http://ift.tt/2lU6vHY
Scarring of the C8-T1 roots with partial avulsion in situ in total obstetric brachial plexus palsy
Abstract
Background
Primary exploration of the brachial plexus in infants with obstetric palsy may reveal scarring of the lower roots with evidence of partial avulsion-in-situ. As we have been treating this lesion by neurolysis only, we aimed to investigate the recovery of hand function following such approach.
Methods
A series of 14 cases of total obstetric palsy with with evidence of partial avulsion-in-situ of the lower roots were included. All lesions were treated by neurolysis only (with no neurotization of the lower roots). Management of the injured upper roots was done by neurotization. Recovery was assessed as per our motor grading system.
Results
After a minimum follow-up of 4 years, hand functional recovery was considered good in 7 patients and excellent in the remaining 7 patients.
Conclusions
We highlight the scarring of lower roots with evidence of partial avulsion-in situ in obstetric palsy. We also document that neurolysis is an acceptable approach to such lesions.
Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study.
http://ift.tt/2m5JUEq
Aged rats under zoledronic acid therapy and oral surgery
Aging brings a number of health conditions that can compromise the healing process in elderly individuals, significantly when it comes to bone tissue. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of zoledronic acid (ZL) therapy on socket healing of aged male rats.
http://ift.tt/2ltwEwD
Classical versus custom orbital wall reconstruction: Selected factors regarding surgery and hospitalization
Nowadays, in orbital wall reconstruction, maxillofacial surgeons have the possibility to treat patients in modern ways such as with individual implants. Nevertheless, conventional treatment including standard titanium mesh shaped during the surgical procedure is also widely used. The aim of this study was to compare the above methods of orbital wall reconstructions.
http://ift.tt/2m61OHm
Influence of TGF-β1 on tumor transition in oral cancer cell and BMSC co-cultures
TGF-β1 signaling modulates epithelial mesenchymal transitions (EMT) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSC) are able to exert a regulating influence on the expression of markers of EMT in HNSCC cells. It was thus the aim of this study to test the hypothesis that TGF-β1 modulates the interactions of tumor transition between BMSCs and HNSCC, affecting the expression of E-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, Twist, MMP14 and beta-catenin. Furthermore, we analyzed alterations in the AKT-signaling of tumor and stroma cells.
http://ift.tt/2ltp1GR
Computer assisted positioning of the proximal segment after sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible: preclinical investigation of a novel electromagnetic navigation system
Modifications of the temporomandibular joint position after mandible osteotomy are reluctantly accepted in orthognathic surgery. To tackle this problem, we developed a new navigation system using miniaturized electromagnetic sensors. Our imageless navigation approach is therefore optimized to avoid complications of previously proposed optical approaches such as the interference with established surgical procedures and the line of sight problem.
http://ift.tt/2m61NDi
Removal mechanisms for extremely high-level fluoroquinolone antibiotics in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants
Abstract
Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants (PWWTPs) receive industrial effluents from the plant that contain extremely high levels of antibiotics and are regarded as one of the major sources of antibiotics in the environment. Two PWWTPs have been selected in Zhejiang Province, China, to assess the removal mechanisms of fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs). PWWTP A uses activated sludge with biocarriers in a moving bed biofilm reactor in anoxic and aerobic units, and PWWTP B uses biological units under anaerobic, aerobic, and anoxic conditions. The wastewater samples and solid samples (sludge and suspended solid matter) were analyzed using solid-phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ofloxacin (OFX) was detected in each stage of PWWTP A, and enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were detected in PWWTP B. The concentrations of FQs ranged from 0.32 μg/L to 5.7 mg/L. Although the FQs were largely removed in the biological units (94.5 to 99.9%), large amounts were still discharged in the final effluent (up to 88.0 ± 7.0 μg/L) and dewatered sludge (up to 0.85 ± 0.24 mg/kg). Mass balance analyses of samples from PWWTP A indicated that biodegradation (93.8%) was the major mechanism responsible for the removal of OFX, whereas the contribution of sorption by sludge (0.79%) was less significant, deviating from the findings of most similar studies. Using linear analysis and correlation analysis, we found that the log10 values of the FQ concentration in the sludge were positively related with the log10 values of the equilibrium concentration in water (C w ). These relationships can be described by a Freundlich-like equation. However, these relationships were negative when the C w values were high. Our preliminary explanation is that the equilibrium C w plays an important role in controlling the sorption behavior of FQs in activated sludge.
http://ift.tt/2lsDYZ8
Plant-microbial association in petroleum and gas exploration sites in the state of Assam, north-east India—significance for bioremediation
Abstract
The state of Assam in north-east India gained popularity in Asia because of discovery of oil. Pollution due to petroleum and gas exploration is a serious problem in Assam. Oil and gas exploration by various agencies in Assam resulted in soil pollution due to hydrocarbons (HCs) and heavy metals (HMs). Bioremediation gained considerable significance in addressing petroleum hydrocarbon polluted sites in various parts of the world. In this investigation, we have observed 15 species of plants belonging to grass growing on the contaminated soils. Among 15 species of grasses, 10 species with high important value index (IVI) were found to be better adapted. The highest IVI is exhibited by Axonopus compressus (21.41), and this grass can be identified as key ecological tool in the rehabilitation of the degraded site. But no definite correlation between the IVI and the biomass of the various grass existed in the study sites. Chemical study of rhizosphere (RS) and non-rhizosphere (NRS) soil of these grasses revealed both aromatic and aliphatic compounds (M.W. 178–456). Four-ring pyrene was detected in NRS soil but not in RS soil. Microbiological study of RS and NRS soil showed high colony-forming unit (CFU) of HC-degrading microbes in RS compared to NRS. The increased microbial catabolism in RS soil established the fact that pyrene is transformed to aliphatic compounds. Metals in RS soil ranged from (in mg kg−1) 222.6 to 267.3 (Cr), 854 to 956 (Pb) and 180 to 247 (Ni), but despite the very high total metal concentration in RS and NRS soil, the CaCl2-extracted metals were relatively low in RS soil (1.04 for Cr, 0.56 for Pb, 0.35 for Ni). Plants with the highest uptake of metals were Leersia hexandra (36.43 mg Cr kg−1) and Kyllinga brevifolia (67.73 mg Pb kg−1 and 40.24 mg Ni kg−1). These plant species could be potentially exploited for biomonitoring and bioremediation. Out of 15 plant species, 8 of them have high percentages of cellulose, crude fibres, lignin and holocellulose (14–16%). The explored species thus qualify as energy crops since they have high bioproductivity and are more resilient and adaptable in HM/HC-contaminated sites.
http://ift.tt/2kI1NIn
Hydropower reservoirs: cytotoxic and genotoxic assessment using the Allium cepa root model
Abstract
Hydropower offers a reliable source of electricity in several countries, and Brazil supplies its energy needs almost entirely through hydropower plants. Nevertheless, hydropower plants comprise large buildings and water reservoirs and dams, resulting in huge ecological disruptions. Here, we analyzed the impact of four hydropower reservoirs construction in metals and pesticides incidence and the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of sediment elutriate of rivers from southern Brazil. Our analyses have evidenced the elevated incidence of different metals (lead, iron, cadmium, and chrome) and pesticides (methyl parathion, atrazine, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). We showed that Allium cepa exposed to sediment elutriates did not change the seed germination rate and mitotic index. However, roots from Allium cepa exposed to reservoirs sediment elutriates showed increased occurrence of chromosomal aberrations and nuclear abnormalities. Therefore, the results obtained in our study indicate that sediment from reservoirs present elevated concentration of metals and pesticides and a significant genotoxic potential. Taken together, our data support that hydropower reservoirs represent an environmental scenario that could impact surrounding wildlife and population.
http://ift.tt/2kI7cyZ
Responses of soil methanogens, methanotrophs, and methane fluxes to land-use conversion and fertilization in a hilly red soil region of southern China
Abstract
Changes in land-uses and fertilization are important factors regulating methane (CH4) emissions from paddy soils. However, the responses of soil CH4 emissions to these factors and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of land-use conversion from paddies to orchards and fertilization on soil CH4 fluxes, and the abundance and community compositions of methanogens and methanotrophs. Soil CH4 fluxes were quantified by static chamber and gas chromatography technology. Abundance and community structures of methanogens and methanotrophs (based on mcrA and pmoA genes, respectively) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP), cloning and sequence analysis, respectively. Results showed that land-use conversion from paddies to orchards dramatically decreased soil CH4 fluxes, whereas fertilization did not distinctly affect soil CH4 fluxes. Furthermore, abundance of methanogens and methanotrophs were decreased after converting paddies to orchards. Fertilization decreased the abundance of these microorganisms, but the values were not statistically significant. Moreover, land-use conversion had fatal effects on some members of the methanogenic archaea (Methanoregula and Methanosaeta), increased type II methanotrophs (Methylocystis and Methylosinus), and decreased type I methanotrophs (Methylobacter and Methylococcus). However, fertilization could only significantly affect type I methanotrophs in the orchard plots. In addition, CH4 fluxes from paddy soils were positively correlated with soil dissolved organic carbon contents and methanogens abundance, whereas CH4 fluxes in orchard plots were negatively related to methanotroph abundance. Therefore, our results suggested that land-use conversion from paddies to orchards could change the abundance and community compositions of methanogens and methanotrophs, and ultimately alter the soil CH4 fluxes. Overall, our study shed insight on the underlying mechanisms of how land-use conversion from paddies to orchards decreased CH4 emissions.
http://ift.tt/2lsDCBT
Management of brain metastasized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) - from local treatment to new systemic therapies
Source:Cancer Treatment Reviews
Author(s): G. Tsakonas, L. De Petris, S. Ekman
Lung cancer has the highest frequency of brain dissemination compared to all other solid tumours. Classical treatment options such as brain irradiation have started to be questioned due to lack of survival benefit and risk for severe side effects. Oncogenic driven tumours have the highest frequency of brain dissemination among NSCLC patients and available targeted therapies have shown activity both intra- and extracranially, with an acceptable toxicity profile. The recent approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of NSCLC has complicated treatment selection even more. Data regarding efficacy of immune therapy in the CNS are limited, though promising, and data from larger cohorts are eagerly expected.The purpose of this review is to summarize all available treatment options for brain metastatic NSCLC with an emphasis on oncogenic driven tumours. Treatment selection for brain metastasized NSCLC patients is challenging because of the detrimental effect of potential treatment related CNS side effects in patients' quality of life. Clinical decision making should be done in an individualised way, taking both clinical and molecular factors into consideration.
http://ift.tt/2lgeewX
Imaging performance in guiding response to neoadjuvant therapy according to breast cancer subtypes: A systematic literature review
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Melanie A. Lindenberg, Anna Miquel-Cases, Valesca P. Retèl, Gabe S. Sonke, Jelle Wesseling, Marcel P.M. Stokkel, Wim H. van Harten
Monitoring therapeutic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC) is likely to improve NAC effectiveness in breast cancer(BC). Imaging performance seems to vary per tumour subtype(by ER and HER2 status), therefore we performed a systematic review on subtype specific imaging performance in monitoring NAC in BC.Studies examining imaging performance in predicting pathologic complete response(pCR) during NAC in BC subtypes were selected. Per study, negative- and positive predictive value, sensitivity(se) and specificity(sp), AUC and accuracy were derived.Fifteen/106 articles were included. Inter-study variability was revealed in: monitoring interval, response and pCR definitions. In ER-positive/HER2-negative BC, 18F-FDG-PET/CT showed se/sp of 38%-89%/74%-100%, MRI showed se/sp of 35%-37%/87%-89%. In triple negative BC, 18F-FDG-PET/CT showed se/sp of 0%-79%/95%-100%. 18F-FDG-PET/CT showed in ER-positive/HER2-positive BC se/sp of 59%/80% and in ER-negative/HER2-positive 27%/88%.Evidence on imaging performance in monitoring NAC according BC subtypes is lacking. Consensus should be reached in: definitions of pCR, response and monitoring interval before starting well-designed studies.
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Stage-I small cell lung cancer: A new potential option for sterotactic ablative radiation therapy? A review of literature
Publication date: Available online 17 February 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Filippo Alongi, Stefano Arcangeli, Berardino De Bari, Niccolò Giaj-Levra, Alba Fiorentino, Rosario Mazzola, Marco Trovò
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is relative rare histology in lung cancer patients. The standard treatment, in patients with an intra-thoracic disease, is represented by the use of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy; while patients with early SCLC stage, surgical resection could be recommended. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a recently introduced technique allowing the delivery of very high radiation doses to limited target volumes and it is considered the standard approach in the treatment of not operable stage I Non Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). The successful role option of SBRT in early NSCLC in terms of local control and toxicity profile opened the issue in the use of this approach in early stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Aim of this review is to discuss the current literature in the safety and efficacy of SBRT in the treatment of patients with stage I SCLC.
http://ift.tt/2kHTuw1
Interferon Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy (TMA): Analysis and Concise Review
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Ajay Kundra, Jen Chin Wang
Interferon (IFN) has been associated with development of thrombotic microangiopathy including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). We reviewed literature from the earliest reported association in 1993, to July 2016 and found 68 cases. Analysis of this data shows: (1) Mean age at diagnosis was 47 years old (95% CI, 44-50). (2) Majority of cases were seen where IFN was used for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), multiple sclerosis (MS), chronic hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) and one case each for hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and Sezary syndrome. (3) There were no cases reported for polycythemia vera (PV) or malignant lymphoma. (4) Sex distribution was nearly equivalent with the exception in patients with multiple sclerosis where there was female predominance (12 of 16 with reported data). (5) For pooled analysis, the average duration of treatment with IFN before TMA was diagnosed was 40.4 months. (6) Comparative analysis showed that patients with MS required the highest cumulative dose exposure before developing TMA (MS 68.6 months, CML 35.5 months, HCV 30.4 months). (7) Cases of confirmed TTP (where A disintegrin and Metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13: ADAMTS 13 level was measured) showed presence of an inhibitor. (8) In all cases of confirmed TTP, moderate to severe thrombocytopenia was a striking clinical feature at presentation while this was not a consistent finding in all other cases of TMA. (9) Outcome analysis revealed complete remission in 27, (40%) persistent chronic kidney disease (CKD) in 28 (42%) and fatality in 12 patients (18%). (10) Treatment with corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and, rituximab resulted in durable responses.
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Transseptal access with crossing multiple incisions for improved pedicle control and septum preservation: "How I do it.
| Related Articles |
Transseptal access with crossing multiple incisions for improved pedicle control and septum preservation: "How I do it.
Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2017 Feb 15;:
Authors: Omura K, Asaka D, Nayak J, Tanaka Y
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Recently, the surgical management of nasal tumors has been greatly influenced by advanced endoscopic techniques. To achieve complete endoscopic resection of large obstructing nasal tumors, a sufficient corridor for adequate exposure is also required. In the Japanese language, TACMI means "master expert," and herein we describe an endoscopic technique with novel elements that we term transseptal access with crossing multiple incisions (TACMI). This approach enables a direct transseptal approach to the pedicle through tumor transposition while allowing complete septal reconstruction and stability.
METHODS: We prospectively collected data from eight patients who underwent the TACMI approach for sinonasal tumors.
RESULTS: When using TACMI, complete en bloc neoplasm resection was achieved in all but one patient, who underwent piecemeal tumor removal. The follow-up duration ranged from 10 to 28 months (mean, 19 months). None of the patients experienced septal perforation, nasal valve incompetence, or tumor recurrence.
CONCLUSION: We presented evidence that TACMI was a simple, efficient, and effective technique for tumor transposition, and for pedicle visualization and access of challenging unilateral sinonasal lesions. These advantages contributed to limited blood loss, improved pedicle control, and complete nasal valve andseptum preservation without functional deficits.
PMID: 28205501 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Absence of Chromosomal Translocations and Protein Expression of ALK in Sinonasal Adenocarcinomas
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 1
Author(s): Esteban Pacheco, José Luis Llorente, Alejandro López-Hernández, Cristina García-Inclán, María Costales, Sira Potes Ares, Fernando López, Blanca Vivanco, Mario A. Hermsen
IntroductionChromosomal translocations at 2p23 cause overexpression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in signalling pathways that regulate cell proliferation. This translocation occurs in 5% of lung adenocarcinoma and has been demonstrated to be useful as a therapeutic target for crizotinib. Sinonasal adenocarcinomas (SNAC) are histologically similar to lung adenocarcinomas; the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of ALK alterations in SNAC.MethodBreak-apart fluorescent in situ hybridisation was used to analyse the presence of ALK translocations in 96 tumour samples. In addition, ALK protein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe samples of SNAC did not show ALK translocation. Moreover, ALK protein expression was absent in all cases.ConclusionsThese results suggest that ALK is not involved in SNAC.
http://ift.tt/2lWBKPB
Swallowing Disorders in Parkinson's Disease
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 1
Author(s): Sandra Mamolar Andrés, María Liliana Santamarina Rabanal, Carla María Granda Membiela, María José Fernández Gutiérrez, Paloma Sirgo Rodríguez, César Álvarez Marcos
IntroductionParkinson's disease is a type of chronic neurodegenerative pathology with a typical movement pattern, as well as different, less studied symptoms such as dysphagia. Disease-related disorders in efficacy or safety in the process of swallowing usually lead to malnutrition, dehydration or pneumonias.The aim of this study was identifying and analyzing swallowing disorders in Parkinson's disease.Subjects and methodsThe initial sample consisted of 52 subjects with Parkinson's disease to whom the specific test for dysphagia SDQ was applied. Nineteen participants (36.5%) with some degree of dysphagia in the SDQ test were selected to be evaluated by volume-viscosity clinical exploration method and fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing.ResultsDisorders in swallowing efficiency and safety were detected in 94.7% of the selected sample. With regards to efficiency, disorders were found in food transport (89.5%), insufficient labial closing (68.4%) and oral residues (47.4%), relating to duration of ingestion. Alterations in security were also observed: pharynx residues (52.7%), coughing (47.4%), penetration (31.64%), aspiration and decrease of SaO2 (5.3%), relating to the diagnosis of respiratory pathology in the previous year.ConclusionThe SDQ test detected swallowing disorders in 36.5% of the subjects with Parkinson's disease. Disorders in swallowing efficiency and safety were demonstrated in 94.7% of this subset. Disorders of efficiency were more frequent than those of safety, establishing a relationship with greater time in ingestion and the appearance of respiratory pathology and pneumonias.
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Malignant External Otitis in Spain
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 1
Author(s): Antonio Guerrero-Espejo, Inmaculada Valenciano-Moreno, Rafael Ramírez-Llorens, Palmira Pérez-Monteagudo
IntroductionMalignant external otitis is a necrotising infection, which extends from the squamous epithelium of the ear canal to the adjacent tissue.The objective of the study was to investigate its incidence and other epidemiological data in Spain, reporting the largest case series to date.MethodsA descriptive, retrospective study of the Spanish population was carried out using the minimum basic data set (MBDS) based on data of patients admitted to hospitals in the 2008–2013 period. Patients whose diagnosis (principal or secondary) at discharge was encoded as 380.14 (malignant external otitis), according to ICD-9-CM, were included as cases. The Spanish incidence rate was calculated for all its communities and provinces, as well as by season and mortality.ResultsA total of 355 patients (302 as principal diagnosis and 53 as secondary) were diagnosed. The incidence rate was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.17–1.44) per 106 inhabitants and year, although there were variations among geographical areas. The median age of cases with main diagnosis was 74 years (range 10–95 years). The predominant age group was in patients over 84 years old (19.3 cases per 106 inhabitants and year). The incidence was higher in men and the male–female relative risk was 2.4. Diabetes was present in 74.6% of patients. The diagnosis was predominant in the last quarter of the year. The gross in-hospital mortality rate was 3.7%.ConclusionsMalignant external otitis is seen mostly among male elderly and diabetic patients. The incidence and mortality rate are low in Spain.
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Indications and Radiological Findings of Acute Otitis Media and Its Complications
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 1
Author(s): Elena Pont, Miguel Mazón
Most cases of acute otitis media resolve with antibiotics and imaging is not required. When treatment fails or a complication is suspected, imaging plays a crucial role. Since the introduction of antibiotic treatment, the complication rate has decreased dramatically. Nevertheless, given the critical clinical relevance of complications, the importance of early diagnosis is vital.Our objective was to review the clinical and radiological features of acute otitis media and its complications. They were classified based on their location, as intratemporal or intracranial.Imaging makes it possible to diagnose the complications of acute otitis media and to institute appropriate treatment. Computed tomography is the initial technique of choice and, in most cases, the ultimate. Magnetic resonance is useful for evaluating the inner ear and when accurate evaluation of disease extent or better characterisation of intracranial complications is required.
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Laryngotracheal Stenosis of Autoimmune Aetiology
Publication date: January–February 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 1
Author(s): Maria Dablanca, Ana Maeso, Desiree del C. Méndez, Primitivo Ortega
Autoimmune origin ranks fifth in the etiologic classification of laryngotracheal stenosis. Wegener's disease is the autoimmune illness most associated with stenosis; however, there are other autoimmune diseases that may also be associated with it.A descriptive, retrospective study of 9 cases of laryngotracheal stenosis associated with autoimmune disease was carried out. There were 9 patients (8 females and 1 male) with an average age of 27.9 years. Four of the patients suffered from Wegener's disease, 1 from ulcerative colitis, and 1 from purple vasculitis. The other 3 patients only had positive c-ANA. Endoscopic treatment was performed in 3 cases. The other 6 patients required open surgery. Respiratory results were acceptable. Based on our study, we feel that the immunological profiles should be studied in all patients with stenosis, given that not only Wegener's disease is linked to stenosis.
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Revision Endoscopic Sinonasal Surgery
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 1
Author(s): Pablo Cantillano, Fabián Rubio, Alfredo Naser, Rodolfo Nazar
Introduction and objectivesEndoscopic sinonasal surgery is the procedure of choice in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis and sinonasal polyposis refractory to medical treatment, with high rates of success (76%–97.5%). However, 2.5%–24% of those patients will require revision surgery (RESS). In this study, we present the clinical, anatomical, radiological and histological features of patients receiving RESS in our centre during a 3-year period.MethodsA retrospective review of clinical, anatomical, radiological and histopathological data of patients receiving revision endoscopic sinonasal surgery between 2012 and 2014 was carried out.ResultsFrom 299 surgery procedures performed, 27 (9%) were revision surgeries. The mean patient age was 46 years, with a male/female ratio of 1.4/1. The most frequent preoperative and postoperative diagnosis was chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis. The mean time since the previous surgery was 6.1 years, with 11.9 months of mean follow-up since that surgery. Stenotic antrostomy was found during revision in 81.5% of the patients and incomplete anterior ethmoidectomy and persistent uncinate process, in 59.3%. In radiology, 70.4% of patients had persistent anterior ethmoidal cells. Antrostomy or widening of antrostomy was performed in 96.3% of cases and anterior ethmoidectomy or completion of it was performed in 66.7%.ConclusionsPolyps, stenotic antrostomy and incomplete ethmoidectomy were the most frequent causes of revision surgery, in concordance with the procedures performed. The patients had long periods of time without follow-up between surgeries. Further investigation is necessary to generate measures to reduce the number of revision surgeries.
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Intraoperative Finding of Non-recurrent Inferior Laryngeal Nerve During Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Surgery
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 1
Author(s): Antonio Prat-Calero, Pedro Cascales-Sánchez, Agustina Martínez-Moreno
http://ift.tt/2lfQzNh
Aneurysm of the Internal Jugular Vein
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 1
Author(s): Mariel S. Riedemann Wistuba, Amer A. Zanabili Al-Sibbai, Lino Camblor Santervás
http://ift.tt/2lsJZoW
Aetiological Diagnosis of Child Deafness: CODEPEH Recommendations
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 1
Author(s): Faustino Núñez-Batalla, Carmen Jáudenes-Casaubón, Jose Miguel Sequí-Canet, Ana Vivanco-Allende, Jose Zubicaray-Ugarteche, Rubén Cabanillas-Farpón
Important progress in the fields of molecular genetics (principally) and diagnostic imaging, together with the lack of a consensus protocol for guiding the diagnostic process after confirming deafness by neonatal screening, have led to this new work document drafted by the Spanish Commission for the Early Detection of Child Deafness (Spanish acronym: CODEPEH). This 2015 Recommendations Document, which is based on the most recent scientific evidence, provides guidance to professionals to support them in making decisions regarding aetiological diagnosis. Such diagnosis should be performed without delay and without impeding early intervention. Early identification of the causes of deafness offers many advantages: it prevents unnecessary trouble for the families, reduces health system expenses caused by performing different tests, and provides prognostic information that may guide therapeutic actions.
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IgG4 Orbital Inflammatory Pseudotumor Associated to Unilateral Ethmoid and Maxillary Sinus Aplasia
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 1
Author(s): María Costales, Fernando López, Andrés Coca, José Luis Llorente
http://ift.tt/2lt3AFx
Granular Cell Tumour in the Masseter Muscle
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 1
Author(s): María Martel-Martín, David Virós-Porcuna, Rosa D. Ramirez-Ruiz, Irene Moysset-Agusti
http://ift.tt/2lWwITk
Is the Nasal Airway the Main Mode of Transmission for Pharyngeal Tuberculosis?
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 1
Author(s): Esteban Vergara-de la Rosa, José Galvez-Olortegui, Tomas Galvez-Olortegui, Luis Concepcion-Urteaga
http://ift.tt/2lWw08n
Response to: Is the Nasal Airway the Main Mode of Transmission for Pharyngeal Tuberculosis?
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 1
Author(s): Hind Temsamani
http://ift.tt/2lsNJqO
Preparation and identification of some metal complexes with new heterocyclic azo dye ligand 2-[2−- (1- Hydroxy -4- Chloro phenyl) azo ]- imidazole and their spectral and thermal studies
Publication date: 5 June 2017
Source:Journal of Molecular Structure, Volume 1137
Author(s): Khalid Al-Adilee, Hussein A.K. Kyhoiesh
The preparation and spectral identification of metal complexes for Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) ions with new heterocyclic azo dye as ligand 2-[2−- (1- Hydroxy - 4- Chloro phenyl) azo ]- imidazole (HClPAI) were prepared by reacting adizonium chloride salt solution of 2-amino -4- chloro phenol with imidazole in alkaline ethanolic solution. Azo dye ligand and their metal complexes have been characterized by analytical data, 1H NMR, Mass spectrum, Infrared, Electronic spectral data, XRD, SEM, thermal analysis (TG-DSC-DTG), magnetic susceptibility and molar conductance. The elemental analysis of the metal complexes confirm the stoichiometry of the type [M(L)2] Cl where M = Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(II) and [M(L)2] where M = Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and L = azo dye ligand. Molar conductance measurements for prepared metal complexes showed 1:1 electrolyte for Cr(III), Fe(III) and Co(III) ions and non-electrolyte the rest metal complexes. The data show that the azo dye ligand behaves a tridentate and coordinates to the metal ion via nitrogen atom of azo group which is the farthest of imidazole molecule, nitrogen atom of azomethine group of heterocyclic imidazole ring and phenolic oxygen. Octahedral environment is suggested for all metal complexes.
http://ift.tt/2lsENSk
Using isotope dilution assays to understand speciation changes in Cd, Zn, Pb and Fe in a soil model system under simulated flooding conditions
Publication date: 1 June 2017
Source:Geoderma, Volume 295
Author(s): M. Izquierdo, A.M. Tye, S.R. Chenery
Flooded soils are systems with complex chemistry and understanding the mechanisms that control the mobility and bioavailability of metals in these soils is important for their management. This work uses stable metal multi-element isotopic dilution combined with sequential extraction assays to help understand the changes in solid and solution speciation of Cd, Fe, Pb and Zn in a contaminated soil following submergence. However, it is necessary to ensure that the isotopic dilution principles, originally developed for aerobic soils, are not compromised; in particular due to the presence of non-labile colloids in the solution phase. In particular, no studies examining the validity of these assays in systems where rapid pH and Eh changes are occurring due to fermentation reactions have been published. Thus sucrose (0.42% and 1.26% added C) was used as a carbon source to stimulate bacterial mediated fermentation reactions allowing changes in Cd, Zn, Fe and Pb isotopic exchangeability, speciation and solution chemistry to be examined after 10, 20 and 42days of submergence. Without the addition of added C, submergence for 42days only produced minor changes in the speciation of the metals in solid or solution phases. However, the presence of easily labile carbon produced significant responses depending on the quantity of C added. Assessments of whether fermentation products caused over-estimation of the isotopically exchangeable pool of metals (E-values) were made by measuring concentrations with and without a resin purification step. Results showed generally good agreement over a pH range of 4–7 for Pb, Cd, Zn and Fe and demonstrate that fermentation by-products do not induce the formation of non-exchangeable metal colloids. E-value concentrations were compared with fractions extracted using a modified Tessier sequential extraction. With no carbonate phases present in the soils, the E-values for Cd, Zn, Fe and Pb compared favourably with the concentrations of metal present in the combined solution, exchangeable and specifically adsorbed fractions. This provided additional evidence that the conditions for the isotopic dilution assays were not violated as these fractions should be isotopically exchangeable. Combining results from the different treatments and stages of the reduction process, strong pH dependence was found for the isotopically exchangeable and the solution pools of Cd, Zn and Pb.
http://ift.tt/2m5nJyo
Reconstruction of complex mandibular defects using integrated dental custom-made titanium implants
Reconstruction of the craniofacial complex is challenging because of the unique anatomy, the presence of vital structures, and the diversity of defects. In craniofacial reconstruction, restoration of appearance and function is the primary goal. Autografts are the gold standard treatment,1 but they have several disadvantages, which has led to research into alloplastic materials. The development of CADCAM systems allows for precise preoperative planning and design of patient-specific implants.2,3 The workflow of custom-made implants is shown in Fig.
http://ift.tt/2kHtLnK
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