Head and Neck Diseases by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis: 08/08/17

Τρίτη 8 Αυγούστου 2017

Significance of interferon gamma in the prediction of successful therapy of common warts by intralesional injection of Candida antigen

Abstract

Background

Treatment of common warts remains a continuing challenge for both patients and physicians. Recently, intralesional immunotherapy by different antigens has proved efficacious in the treatment of warts, however, no definite predictive factors for successful therapy have been established. Herein, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of Candida antigen in the treatment of common warts and the significance of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in the prediction of successful therapy.

Methods

The study included 54 patients with multiple common warts. A blood sample was collected from patients before therapy, cultured, and treated with Candida antigen for evaluation of IFN-γ. Candida antigen was directly injected into the largest wart at 2-week intervals until complete clearance or for a maximum of five treatments. Follow-up was made for 6 months to detect any recurrence.

Results

Complete clearance of the lesions was seen in 61.1% of the studied patients. IFN-γ was statistically higher in responded cases as compared to nonresponders. Adverse effects were insignificant, and no recurrence of warts was observed.

Conclusions

Candida antigen is a promising, effective, and safe immunotherapeutic modality for common warts, and IFN-γ may serve as a good predictor of its therapeutic response.

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Author's response

The correspondents raise an important point regarding the drug–device interaction and their references support their concern.1 Indeed, there can be a significant interaction between the delivery device and the drug that can affect systemic delivery to the body.2 Our comment was directed at the amount coming out of the metered-dose inhaler to the mouth and that the total fraction is decreased with a spacer. There are many factors, as summarized in our review, that ultimately affect the amount of drug that is systemically absorbed from the lung or the gastrointestinal tract that can modify the amount available systemically in the body.

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Editorial Board

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Author's response

Our primary hopes with the publication of this review1 were 2-fold: (1) to add to the body of literature supporting the safety of subcutaneous aeroallergen immunotherapy and (2) to provide a template for allergists who might want to use cluster or rush schedules but have been dissuaded by historically high systemic reaction rates. We recognize that our retrospective analysis of more than 2.5 million injections was not designed to best determine why our systemic reaction rates were lower than those previously published.

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Uptake of EpiPen and Allerject (Auvi-Q) epinephrine auto-injectors in Manitoba children

Anaphylaxis guidelines1,2 recommend that all individuals at increased risk of anaphylaxis in the community carry epinephrine auto-injectors (EAIs) to facilitate timely injection of epinephrine during anaphylaxis and decrease the risk of hospitalization and death.3,4

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Immunotherapy and systemic reactions

We read with interest the recent retrospective review by Winslow et al.1 The authors reported systemic reaction (SR) rates lower than those previously published.2 Of note, they use "standard build" for what is typically referred to as "conventional build-up". The advantage of reporting SR rates within a single large practice is the assumed consistency and standardization of immunotherapy delivery.

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Understanding the biology of disease in underserved children with asthma

African American children are disproportionately affected by asthma compared with non-Hispanic white children. Recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicate that asthma prevalence rates (10.3% vs 7.8%) remain higher among non-Hispanic black children than non-Hispanic white children, and non-Hispanic black children are almost 3 times as likely to die of asthma as non-Hispanic white children.1 Studies have also found that African American children have more frequent and burdensome asthma symptoms and use emergency department (ED) care more frequently than white children.

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Information for Readers

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Captación de yoduro sódico 131I en un teratoma ovárico

Publication date: Available online 8 August 2017
Source:Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular
Author(s): M. Oporto, N. Orta, F. Cepa, M. Pons, M. Cabrer, C. Peña

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Author's response

Editorial Board

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Author's response

Uptake of EpiPen and Allerject (Auvi-Q) epinephrine auto-injectors in Manitoba children

Immunotherapy and systemic reactions

Food allergen extracts to diagnose food-induced allergic diseases

To review the manufacturing procedures of food allergen extracts and applicable regulatory requirements from government agencies, potential approaches to standardization, and clinical application of these products. The effects of thermal processing on allergenicity of common food allergens are also considered.

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Adult-onset food allergies

Although it is known that many food allergies that start in childhood will remain into adulthood (eg, peanut, tree nuts, and seafood), there is a paucity of data and literature on adult-onset food allergies. Although not as common as childhood-onset food allergy, clinicians caring for patients with allergy should be aware of these various presentations and syndromes. In this review, we examine food allergies in adults, with a focus on those syndromes that more commonly have an onset in adulthood.

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Understanding the biology of disease in underserved children with asthma

Drug–device interaction for systemic effects of fluticasone in patients with asthma

The recent review article by Carr and Szefler on the systemic safety of inhaled corticosteroids concluded with the erroneous assertion, "Another option to reduce systemic exposure is to use spacers or valved holding chambers with pressurized MDI's."1 For drugs such as fluticasone, the systemic bioactivity is purely determined by lung bioavailability because of its almost complete first-pass hepatic inactivation for the swallowed dose. Hence, increasing lung deposition by using fluticasone through a pressurized metered-dose inhaler in conjunction with a spacer will greatly increase systemic bioactivity, as assessed by measuring cortisol suppression.

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Instructions for Authors

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Information for Readers

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Incontinentia pigmenti in a male (XY) infant with long-term follow up over 8 years

Abstract

Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is an X-linked genodermatosis affecting the skin and other sites, including the teeth, nails, hair, eyes and nervous system defects in female patients. Generally lethal in males, there are only a few known cases of males surviving this condition. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB essential modulator (NEMO), also known as inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells, kinase gamma (IKBKG), constitutes an essential activator of NF-κB. Over 80% of female patients with IP carry a common deletion mutation involving exons 4–10 of the IKBKG/NEMO gene. We present the case of a male infant (XY) with IP with no concomitant complications. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay showed that the exon 4–10 deletion band was significantly stronger in the skin sample than in blood. Subsequently, long-range PCR was performed periodically to confirm the spontaneous regression of mutant cells from his blood. Over a period of 6 years, the 2.6-kb mutant band gradually became weaker, but we did not confirm complete regression. Our patient was a healthy, 8-year-old male child with no complications despite the presence of a 2.6-kb mutant band in his blood. Further follow up is necessary to assess for complications that may develop later.

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Exploring the Interaction Network of the Bacillus subtilis Outer Coat and Crust Proteins

Publication date: Available online 8 August 2017
Source:Microbiological Research
Author(s): Daniela Krajčíková, Vladimír Forgáč, Adam Szabo, Imrich Barák
Bacillus subtilis spores, representatives of an exceptionally resistant dormant cell type, are encircled by a thick proteinaceous layer called the spore coat. More than 80 proteins assemble into four distinct coat layers: a basement layer, an inner coat, an outer coat and a crust. As the spore develops inside the mother cell, spore coat proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm are gradually deposited onto the prespore surface. A small set of morphogenetic proteins necessary for spore coat morphogenesis are thought to form a scaffold to which the rest of the coat proteins are attached. Extensive localization and proteomic studies using wild type and mutant spores have revealed the arrangement of individual proteins within the spore coat layers. In this study we examined the interactions between the proteins localized to the outer coat and crust using a bacterial two hybrid system. These two layers are composed of at least 25 components. Self-interactions were observed for most proteins and numerous novel interactions were identified. The most interesting contacts are those made with the morphogenetic proteins CotE, CotY and CotZ; these could serve as a basis for understanding the specific roles of particular proteins in spore coat morphogenesis.

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Hearing aid fitting for visual and hearing impaired patients with Usher syndrome type IIa

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The diagnostic accuracy of non‐imaging screening protocols for vestibular schwannoma in patients with asymmetrical hearing loss and/or unilateral audiovestibular dysfunction: a diagnostic review and meta‐analysis

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The increased expression of TCF3 is correlated with poor prognosis in Chinese patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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Maxillary sinus volume: new physiopathological data in fungal ball genesis? A retrospective study

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Comparison of radiologically and histologically determined thickness of bone overlying the superior semicircular canal in sixty‐six cadaveric specimens: impact on the diagnosis of Minor's Syndrome

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Local control of 151 head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma after radiotherapy: a retrospective study on efficacy and prognostic factors

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High‐frequency sensorineural hearing loss associated with vestibular episodic syndrome

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Laryngological presentations of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: case series of nine patients from two London tertiary referral centres

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Surgical management of petrous apex cholesterol granulomas by an infralabyrinthine approach: our experience with fourteen cases

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Modification of facial artery myomucosal flap: a novel perforator flap for upper aerodigestive tract reconstruction after head and neck cancer ablation

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Consequences and complications of surgery for tumours of the pre‐ versus post‐styloid parapharyngeal spaces in 41 patients

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Pressure monitoring of the Muller manoeuvre: our experience in twenty‐five obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome patients with oropharyngeal obstruction

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Treating paediatric anterior glottic web: single‐centre experience of 20 patients with comparison among techniques

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Ambulant management of acute tonsillitis in adult patients, a study on 330 patients

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Child abuse and fabricated or induced illness in the ENT setting: a systematic review

http://ift.tt/2wGgFxa

The diagnostic accuracy of non‐imaging screening protocols for vestibular schwannoma in patients with asymmetrical hearing loss and/or unilateral audiovestibular dysfunction: a diagnostic review and meta‐analysis

http://ift.tt/2wGAeWa

The increased expression of TCF3 is correlated with poor prognosis in Chinese patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

http://ift.tt/2vNuXQc

Maxillary sinus volume: new physiopathological data in fungal ball genesis? A retrospective study

http://ift.tt/2wGy74X

Inner ear disorders in 68 pregnant women: a 20‐year experience

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Comparison of radiologically and histologically determined thickness of bone overlying the superior semicircular canal in sixty‐six cadaveric specimens: impact on the diagnosis of Minor's Syndrome

http://ift.tt/2vil1Nu

Laryngological presentations of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: case series of nine patients from two London tertiary referral centres

http://ift.tt/2vDbNML

Introduction of an outpatient clinic safety checklist: our experience

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Screening not staging: a retrospective study of the rate of synchronous primary malignancy in 44 T1/T2 laryngeal cancer in a tertiary head and neck unit

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Surgical management of petrous apex cholesterol granulomas by an infralabyrinthine approach: our experience with fourteen cases

http://ift.tt/2vklU6t

Minimally invasive endo‐orbital approach to sphenoid wing meningiomas improves visual outcomes – our experience with the first seven cases

http://ift.tt/2vCh0V6

Modification of facial artery myomucosal flap: a novel perforator flap for upper aerodigestive tract reconstruction after head and neck cancer ablation

http://ift.tt/2vkF8ZJ

Consequences and complications of surgery for tumours of the pre‐ versus post‐styloid parapharyngeal spaces in 41 patients

http://ift.tt/2vCSfbi

Pressure monitoring of the Muller manoeuvre: our experience in twenty‐five obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome patients with oropharyngeal obstruction

http://ift.tt/2vkppJT

Treating paediatric anterior glottic web: single‐centre experience of 20 patients with comparison among techniques

http://ift.tt/2vD5JDG

Ambulant management of acute tonsillitis in adult patients, a study on 330 patients

http://ift.tt/2vkz5o3

Polyphosphate is a key factor for cell survival after DNA damage in eukaryotic cells

Publication date: Available online 8 August 2017
Source:DNA Repair
Author(s): Samuel Bru, Bàrbara Samper-Martín, Eva Quandt, Sara Hernández-Ortega, Joan M. Martínez-Laínez, Eloi Garí, Marta Rafel, Javier Torres-Torronteras, Ramón Martí, Mariana P.C. Ribeiro, Javier Jiménez, Josep Clotet
Cells require extra amounts of dNTPs to repair DNA after damage. Polyphosphate (polyP) is an evolutionary conserved linear polymer of up to several hundred inorganic phosphate (Pi) residues that is involved in many functions, including Pi storage. In the present article, we report on findings demonstrating that polyP functions as a source of Pi when required to sustain the dNTP increment essential for DNA repair after damage. We show that mutant yeast cells without polyP produce less dNTPs upon DNA damage and that their survival is compromised. In contrast, when polyP levels are ectopically increased, yeast cells become more resistant to DNA damage. More importantly, we show that when polyP is reduced in HEK293 mammalian cell line cells and in human dermal primary fibroblasts (HDFa), these cells become more sensitive to DNA damage, suggesting that the protective role of polyP against DNA damage is evolutionary conserved. In conclusion, we present polyP as a molecule involved in resistance to DNA damage and suggest that polyP may be a putative target for new approaches in cancer treatment or prevention.

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Papillary fibroelastoma diagnosed through multimodality cardiac imaging: a rare tumour in an uncommon location with review of literature

We describe the case of a woman presenting with transient ischaemic attack, who was found to have a papillary fibroelastoma arising from the aortic wall, an extremely rare location. We describe the multimodality imaging techniques used in diagnosing this patient and review the most recent literature on evaluation and management of patients with cardiac papillary fibroelastomas.

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Dendritic Cells but Not Macrophages Sense Tumor Mitochondrial DNA for Cross-priming through Signal Regulatory Protein α Signaling

Publication date: Available online 8 August 2017
Source:Immunity
Author(s): Meng Michelle Xu, Yang Pu, Dali Han, Yaoyao Shi, Xuezhi Cao, Hua Liang, Xiang Chen, Xiao-Dong Li, Liufu Deng, Zhijian J. Chen, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, Yang-Xin Fu
Inhibition of cytosolic DNA sensing represents a strategy that tumor cells use for immune evasion, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we have shown that CD47-signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) axis dictates the fate of ingested DNA in DCs for immune evasion. Although macrophages were more potent in uptaking tumor DNA, increase of DNA sensing by blocking the interaction of SIRPα with CD47 preferentially occurred in dendritic cells (DCs) but not in macrophages. Mechanistically, CD47 blockade enabled the activation of NADPH oxidase NOX2 in DCs, which in turn inhibited phagosomal acidification and reduced the degradation of tumor mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in DCs. mtDNA was recognized by cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) in the DC cytosol, contributing to type I interferon (IFN) production and antitumor adaptive immunity. Thus, our findings have demonstrated how tumor cells inhibit innate sensing in DCs and suggested that the CD47-SIRPα axis is critical for DC-driven antitumor immunity.

Teaser

It is unclear how DNA sensing by DCs is superior to macrophages. Xu et al. show that DCs are specialized in sensing mtDNA after CD47 blockade through inhibiting uptaken DNA degradation in their phagosomes while macrophages rapidly degrade DNA.

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T Cell Zone Resident Macrophages Silently Dispose of Apoptotic Cells in the Lymph Node

Publication date: Available online 8 August 2017
Source:Immunity
Author(s): Myriam Baratin, Léa Simon, Audrey Jorquera, Clément Ghigo, Doulaye Dembele, Jonathan Nowak, Rebecca Gentek, Stephan Wienert, Frederick Klauschen, Bernard Malissen, Marc Dalod, Marc Bajénoff
In lymph nodes (LNs), dendritic cells (DCs) are thought to dispose of apoptotic cells, a function pertaining to macrophages in other tissues. We found that a population of CX3CR1⁺ MERTK⁺ cells located in the T cell zone of LNs, previously identified as DCs, are efferocytic macrophages. Lineage-tracing experiments and shield chimeras indicated that these T zone macrophages (TZM) are long-lived macrophages seeded in utero and slowly replaced by blood monocytes after birth. Imaging the LNs of mice in which TZM and DCs express different fluorescent proteins revealed that TZM—and not DCs—act as the only professional scavengers, clearing apoptotic cells in the LN T cell zone in a CX3CR1-dependent manner. Furthermore, similar to other macrophages, TZM appear inefficient in priming CD4 T cells. Thus, efferocytosis and T cell activation in the LN are uncoupled processes designated to macrophages and DCs, respectively, with implications to the maintenance of immune homeostasis.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Dendritic cells (DCs) in the lymph node (LN) T cell zone are thought to be central to the clearance of apoptotic cells and T cell priming. Baratin et al. identify a population of LN macrophages that act as the sole professional scavengers in this area, suggesting that silent efferocytosis and T cell activation in the LN paracortex involve two different cell types—macrophages and DCs, respectively.

http://ift.tt/2wFWmjE

Nlrp6- and ASC-Dependent Inflammasomes Do Not Shape the Commensal Gut Microbiota Composition

Publication date: Available online 8 August 2017
Source:Immunity
Author(s): Michail Mamantopoulos, Francesca Ronchi, Filip Van Hauwermeiren, Sara Vieira-Silva, Bahtiyar Yilmaz, Liesbet Martens, Yvan Saeys, Stefan K. Drexler, Amir S. Yazdi, Jeroen Raes, Mohamed Lamkanfi, Kathy D. McCoy, Andy Wullaert
The gut microbiota regulate susceptibility to multiple human diseases. The Nlrp6-ASC inflammasome is widely regarded as a hallmark host innate immune axis that shapes the gut microbiota composition. This notion stems from studies reporting dysbiosis in mice lacking these inflammasome components when compared with non-littermate wild-type animals. Here, we describe microbial analyses in inflammasome-deficient mice while minimizing non-genetic confounders using littermate-controlled Nlrp6-deficient mice and ex-germ-free littermate-controlled ASC-deficient mice that were all allowed to shape their gut microbiota naturally after birth. Careful microbial phylogenetic analyses of these cohorts failed to reveal regulation of the gut microbiota composition by the Nlrp6- and ASC-dependent inflammasomes. Our results obtained in two geographically separated animal facilities dismiss a generalizable impact of Nlrp6- and ASC-dependent inflammasomes on the composition of the commensal gut microbiota and highlight the necessity for littermate-controlled experimental design in assessing the influence of host immunity on gut microbial ecology.

Teaser

Inflammasomes were proposed to shape gut ecology based on dysbiosis in mutant mice versus non-littermate wild-types. Mamantopoulos et al. show that inflammasomes do not affect gut microbiota composition when controlling for non-genetic confounders. This finding dismisses the suggested role for inflammasomes in controlling host health through regulation of intestinal ecology.

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The use of electrical resistivity tomography and borehole to characterize leachate distribution in Laogang landfill, China

Abstract

Leachate is a polluting liquid which may cause harmful effects on human health or the environment without a tightly control manner. The leachate management is an important part of the design and operation of bioreactor landfills. To detect the leachate distribution in Laogang Landfill, China, the measurement of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was carried out in three areas with different ages. ERT method proved to be an effective non-invasive geophysical method in bioreactor landfills, and the physical properties of waste samples obtained by boreholes were tested in a laboratory. The correlation between the resistivity and the moisture content was described by Archie's law. The result shows that the moisture content of fresh waste is inhomogeneous, while that of aged waste increases with depth. A pseudo 3D model of the moisture content was proposed to improve the understanding of leachate distribution and exhibit the accuracy of the ERT method.

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Lipogels responsive to near-infrared light for the triggered release of therapeutic agents

Publication date: Available online 8 August 2017
Source:Acta Biomaterialia
Author(s): Francisco Martín-Saavedra, Eduardo Ruiz-Hernández, Clara Escudero-Duch, Martin Prieto, Manuel Arruebo, Negar Sadeghi, Roel Deckers, Gert Storm, Wim E. Hennink, Jesús Santamaría, Nuria Vilaboa
Here we report a composite system based on fibrin hydrogels that incorporate in their structure near-infrared (NIR) responsive nanomaterials and thermosensitive liposomes (TSL). Polymerized fibrin networks entrap simultaneously gold-based nanoparticles (NPs) capable of transducing NIR photon energy into heat, and lysolipid-incorporated TSL (LTSL) loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). NIR irradiation of the resulting hydrogels (referred to as "lipogels") with 808 nm laser light increased the temperature of the illuminated areas, leading to the release of the liposomal cargo. Levels of DOX that release from the "smart" composites were dependent on the concentration of NIR nanotransducers loaded in the lipogel, the intensity of the electromagnetic energy deposited and the irradiation regime. Released DOX retained its bioactivity, as shown in cultures of epithelial carcinoma cells. Finally, the developed drug delivery platform was refined by using NIR-photoabsorbers based on copper sulfide NPs to generate completely biodegradable composites as well as through the incorporation of cholesterol (Ch) in LTSL formulation, which lessens leakiness of the liposomal cargo at physiological temperature. This remotely controlled system may suit well for those therapies that require precise control over the dose of delivered drug in a defined spatiotemporal framework.Statement of SignificanceHydrogels composed of fibrin embedding nanoparticles responsive to near infrared (NIR) energy and thermosensitive liposomes loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), were prepared by in situ polymerization. NIR light irradiation of these constructs, referred to as "NIR responsive lipogels", results in the controlled release of DOX to the surrounding medium. This technology may use fully degradable components and can preserve the bioactivity of liposomal cargo after remote triggering to finely regulate the dose and bioavailability of delivered payloads. NIR responsive lipogels technology overcomes the limitations of drug release systems based on the combination of liposomes and degradable polymeric materials, which in many cases lead to insufficient release at therapy onset or to overdose during high degradation period.

Graphical abstract

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Primum non nocere - the effects of sodium hypochlorite on dentin as used in endodontics

Publication date: Available online 8 August 2017
Source:Acta Biomaterialia
Author(s): Li-sha Gu, Xue-qing Huang, Brandon Griffin, Brian R. Bergeron, David H. Pashley, Li-na Niu, Franklin R. Tay
The medical literature is replete with the maxim 'primum non nocere', cautioning health care providers to avoid doing any harm to human subjects in their delivery of medical care. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a well-established irrigant for root canal treatment because of its antimicrobial and organic tissue remnant dissolution capability. However, little is known about the deleterious effect of this strong oxidizing agent on the integrity of human mineralized dentin. Iatrogenically-induced loss of dentin integrity may precipitate post-treatment root fracture and has potential medico-legal complications. In the present work, transmission electron microscopy provided evidence for collagen destruction in the surface/subsurface of dentin treated with high NaOCl concentrations and long contact times. Size exclusion chromatography showed that the hypochlorite anion, because of its small size, penetrated the water compartments of apatite-encapsulated collagen fibrils, degraded the collagen molecules and produced a 25-35 µm thick, non-uniform "ghost mineral layer" with enlarged, coalesced dentinal tubules and their lateral branches. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy identified increases in apatite/collagen ratio in NaOCl-treated dentin. The apatite-rich, collagen-sparse dentin matrix that remained after NaOCl treatment is more brittle, as shown by the reductions in flexural strength. Understanding the deleterious effects of NaOCl on mineralized dentin enables one to balance the risks and benefits in using high NaOCl concentrations for lengthy periods in root canal debridement. Delineating the mechanism responsible for such a phenomenon enables high molecular weight, polymeric antimicrobial and tissue dissolution irrigants to be designed that abides by the maxim of 'primum non nocere' in contemporary medical practices.Statement of significanceThe antimicrobial and tissue-dissolution capacities of NaOCl render it a well-accepted agent for root canal debridement. These highly desirable properties, however, appear to be intertwined with the untoward effect of collagen matrix degradation within mineralized dentin. Because of its small size, the hypochlorite anion is capable of infiltrating mineralized collagen and destroying the collagen fibrils, producing a mineral-rich, collagen sparse ghost mineral matrix with reduced flexural strength. Findings from the present work challenge the biosafety of NaOCl when it is used in high concentrations and for lengthy time periods during root canal treatment, and laid the background work for future biomaterials design in debridement of the canal space.

Graphical abstract

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Elastin-PLGA Hybrid Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds for Salivary Epithelial Cell Self-Organization and Polarization

Publication date: Available online 8 August 2017
Source:Acta Biomaterialia
Author(s): Zahraa I. Foraida, Tim Kamaldinov, Deirdre A. Nelson, Melinda Larsen, James Castracane
Development of electrospun nanofibers that mimic the structural, mechanical and biochemical properties of natural extracellular matrices (ECMs) is a promising approach for tissue regeneration. Electrospun fibers of synthetic polymers partially mimic the topography of the ECM, however, their high stiffness, poor hydrophilicity and lack of in vivo-like biochemical cues is not optimal for epithelial cell self-organization and function. In search of a biomimetic scaffold for salivary gland tissue regeneration, we investigated the potential of elastin, an ECM protein, to generate elastin hybrid nanofibers that have favorable physical and biochemical properties for regeneration of the salivary glands. Elastin was introduced to our previously developed poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanofiber scaffolds by two methods, blend electrospinning (EP-blend) and covalent conjugation (EP-covalent). Both methods for elastin incorporation into the nanofibers improved the wettability of the scaffolds while only blend electrospinning of elastin-PLGA nanofibers and not surface conjugation of elastin to PLGA fibers, conferred increased elasticity to the nanofibers measured by Young's modulus. After two days, only the blend electrospun nanofiber scaffolds facilitated epithelial cell self-organization into cell clusters, assessed with nuclear area and nearest neighbor distance measurements, leading to the apicobasal polarization of salivary gland epithelial cells after six days, which is vital for cell function. This study suggests that elastin electrospun nanofiber scaffolds have potential application in regenerative therapies for salivary glands and other epithelial organs.Statement of significanceRegenerating the salivary glands by mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a promising approach for long term treatment of salivary gland damage. Despite their topographic similarity to the ECM, electrospun fibers of synthetic polymers lack the biochemical complexity, elasticity and hydrophilicity of the ECM. Elastin is an ECM protein abundant in the salivary glands and responsible for tissue elasticity. Although it's widely used for tissue regeneration of other organs, little is known about its utility in regenerating the salivary tissue. This study describes the use of elastin to improve the elasticity, hydrophilicity and biochemical complexity of synthetic nanofibers and its potential in directing in vivo-like organization of epithelial salivary cells which helps the design of efficient salivary gland regeneration scaffolds.

Graphical abstract

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Positron emission tomography (PET) guided glioblastoma targeting by a fullerene-based nanoplatform with fast renal clearance

Publication date: Available online 8 August 2017
Source:Acta Biomaterialia
Author(s): Yayun Peng, Dongzhi Yang, Weifei Lu, Xiongwei Hu, Hao Hong, Ting Cai
Various carbonaceous nanomaterials, including fullerene, carbon nanotube, graphene, and carbon dots, have attracted increasing attention during past decades for their potential applications in biological imaging and therapy. In this study, we have developed a fullerene-based tumor-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probe. Water-soluble functionalized C60 conjugates were radio-labeled with ⁶⁴Cu and modified with cyclo (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptides (cRGD) for targeting of integrin αvβ3 in glioblastoma. The specificity of fluorescein-labeled C60 conjugates against cellular integrin αvβ3 was evaluated in U87MG (integrin αvβ3 positive) and MCF-7 cells (integrin αvβ3 negative) by confocal fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Our results indicated that cRGD-conjugated C60 derivatives showed better cellular internalization compared with C60 derivatives without the cRGD attachment. Moreover, an interesting finding on intra-nuclei transportation of cRGD-conjugated C60 derivatives was observed in U87MG cells. In vivo serial PET studies showed preferential accumulation of cRGD-conjugated C60 derivatives at in U87MG tumors. In addition, the pharmacokinetic profiles of these fullerene-based nanoparticles conjugated with cRGD and 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA) fit well with the three compartment model. The renal clearance of C60-based nanoparticles is remarkably fast, which makes this material very promising for safer cancer theranostic applications.Statement of SignificanceSafety is one of the major concerns for nanomedicine and nanomaterials with fast clearance profile are highly desirable. Fullerene is a distinct type of zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterial with ultrasmall size, uniform dispersity, and versatile reactivity. Here we have developed a fullerene-based tumor-targeted positron emission tomography imaging probe using water-soluble functionalized C60 conjugates radio-labeled with ⁶⁴Cu and modified with cyclo (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptides (cRGD) for glioblastoma targeting. The improved tumor targeting property along with fast renal clearance behavior of C60-based nanoparticles makes this material very promising for future safer cancer theranostic applications.

Graphical abstract

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Corrigendum to ‘Redox and pH dual responsive poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-poly(ethylene glycol) conjugates for intracellular delivery of doxorubicin’ [Acta Biomater. 36 (2016) 241–253]

Publication date: Available online 8 August 2017
Source:Acta Biomaterialia
Author(s): Wen Hu, Lipeng Qiu, Liang Cheng, Qing Hu, Yang Liu, Ziyang Hu, Dawei Chen, Lifang Cheng

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Assessing beans as a source of intrinsic fiber on satiety in men and women with metabolic syndrome

Publication date: 1 November 2017
Source:Appetite, Volume 118
Author(s): Elizabeth J. Reverri, Jody M. Randolph, C. Tissa Kappagoda, Eunyoung Park, Indika Edirisinghe, Britt M. Burton-Freeman
Dietary fiber is well-known for its satiety inducing properties. Adding fibers to mixed dishes is one way to increase fiber intake. However, adding fibers to foods versus including foods inherently containing fiber may reveal differing effects on satiety. The present study aimed to explore the satiety effects of adding fiber to a mixed meal versus using beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) as a source of intrinsic fiber in the meal. In this pilot study, 12 men and women with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to eat three standard meals in a crossover design on three different occasions that contained either no added fiber (control (NF)), extrinsic or added fiber (AF), or whole black beans as the source of intrinsic fiber (BN). Meals were matched for energy and macronutrient composition. Five hour postprandial subjective satiety was measured along with blood glucose, insulin, and the GI hormones, cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY3-36). All meals induced fullness to a similar degree; however, the AF meal suppressed prospective consumption (F2,187 = 9.05, P = 0.0002) compared to the BN or NF meals. The NF meal tended to result in more satisfaction than the BN meal (F2,187 = 5.91, P = 0.003). The BN meal produced significantly higher postprandial CCK concentrations compared to the AF (F2,187 = 6.82, P = 0.001) and NF meals (F2,187 = 6.82, P = 0.002). Similar findings were observed for PYY3-36 response for BN > AF meal (F2,170 = 9.11, P < 0.0001). Postprandial insulin was significantly reduced after the BN meal, compared to the NF (F2,187 = 22.36, P < 0.0001) meal. These findings suggest that incorporating whole black beans into a meal has acute beneficial metabolic and GI hormone responses in adults with metabolic syndrome and are preferred over adding equivalent amounts of fiber from a supplement.

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Comparative effects of intraduodenal fat and glucose on the gut-incretin axis in healthy males

Publication date: Available online 8 August 2017
Source:Peptides
Author(s): Tongzhi Wu, Christopher K. Rayner, Linda E. Watson, Karen L. Jones, Michael Horowitz, Tanya J. Little
BackgroundThe interaction of nutrients with the small intestine stimulates the secretion of numerous enteroendocrine hormones that regulate postprandial metabolism. However, differences in gastrointestinal hormonal responses between the macronutrients are incompletely understood. In the present study, we compared blood glucose and plasma hormone concentrations in response to standardised intraduodenal (ID) fat and glucose infusions in healthy humans.MethodsIn a parallel study design, 16 healthy males who received an intraduodenal fat infusion were compared with 12 healthy males who received intraduodenal glucose, both at a rate of 2kcal/min over 120min. Venous blood was sampled at frequent intervals for measurements of blood glucose, and plasma total and active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), insulin and glucagon.ResultsPlasma concentrations of the incretin hormones (both total and active GLP-1 and GIP) and glucagon were higher, and plasma insulin and blood glucose concentrations lower, during intraduodenal fat, when compared with intraduodenal glucose, infusion (treatment by time interaction: P<0.001 for each).ConclusionsCompared with glucose, intraduodenal fat elicits substantially greater GLP-1, GIP and glucagon secretion, with minimal effects on blood glucose or plasma insulin in healthy humans. These observations are consistent with the concept that fat is a more potent stimulus of the 'gut-incretin' axis than carbohydrate.

http://ift.tt/2vLstBc

The Longevity of Statistical Learning: When Infant Memory Decays, Isolated Words Come to the Rescue.

Author: Karaman, Ferhat; Hay, Jessica F.

DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000448

Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 7 August 2017

http://ift.tt/2unapdj

A Switch is Not a Switch: Syntactically-Driven Bilingual Language Control.

Author: Gollan, Tamar H.; Goldrick, Matthew

DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000462

Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 7 August 2017

http://ift.tt/2unO6DW

Evolution of the IgE and IgG repertoire to a comprehensive array of allergen molecules in the first decade of life

Abstract

Background

In early childhood, the allergen-specific IgG repertoire is mainly directed to animal and vegetable food molecules and infrequently to airborne molecules. It is unknown whether this early pattern is maintained throughout childhood.

Objective

To investigate the evolution of IgG and IgE responses to a broad panel of allergenic molecules from birth to age 10yrs.

Methods

We examined the sera collected between birth and age 10yrs from participants in the German Multicentre Allergy Study, a birth cohort born in 1990. The IgE (cut-off ≥0.30 ISU) and IgG (cut-off ≥0.10 ISU) responses to 35 genuine allergenic molecules were measured with a multiplex microarray approach (ImmunoCAP ISAC^™).

Results

IgE responses were mostly directed against a restricted group of airborne molecules, with a sequence and prevalence hierarchy (Phl p 1 > Bet v 1 > Fel d 1 > Phl p 5 > Der p 2 > Der p 1) largely maintained over time. Conversely, the IgG repertoire was much broader, starting with animal foodborne, then spreading to vegetable foodborne and finally to airborne molecules. A strong and persistent IgG response to a given airborne molecule almost invariably preceded or accompanied an IgE response to that molecule.

Conclusions

The evolution of IgG and IgE responses throughout childhood differs widely at population level. IgG responses are mostly directed to animal food allergens while IgE responses are dominated by airborne allergens. However, a strong IgG response almost invariably precedes or accompanies the appearance of IgE to the same molecule in specifically sensitized subjects.

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Ayurvedic management of recurrent abortions due to uterine fibroid

Shailendra Dadarao Katakdound

Ancient Science of Life 2017 36(3):159-162

Uterine fibroids are present in 30-70% of women of reproductive age. Uterine fibroids distort the uterine cavity. Therefore there is consensus of a negative impact on both the clinical pregnancy and delivery rates.[2] In addition, studies have also reported an increased risk of spontaneous miscarriage with submucosal fibroids. In biomedicine, myomectomy is considered the treatment of choice and Assisted Reproductive Technology is advised to overcome infertility. In Hārita Saṃhitā treatment is given for recurrent abortion (Garbhasrāvī). In this study, considering pitta doṣa and altered uterine receptivity (kṣetra duṣṭi) as causative factors, purgation (virecana karma) was done, enema (yoga basti) was given after post purgation protocol (saṃsarjana karma). After body purification (śodhana), garbhasthāpaka drugs were given to the patient for one month. Patient conceived in the second month with this treatment. In Antenatal Care, haematinics and calcium supplements and month wise Ayurvedic medication (Māsānumāsika kaṣāya) were given for nine months. Elective caesarean section as done after GA 38 weeks (USG) followed by inj. Wymesone 8 mg. The procedure uneventful. Thus proving Ayurvedic management of recurrent abortion due to uterine fibroid. It is cost effective and improves and normalises uterine receptive environment.

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Good pharmacovigilance practice: Accountability of Ayurvedic pharmaceutical companies

Rohit Sharma, R Galib, PK Prajapati

Ancient Science of Life 2017 36(3):167-169

http://ift.tt/2wGqjQA

Physicochemical screening and shelf life evaluation of Kuṅkumādi Ghṛta prepared using Kesara and Nāgakesara

Pradeep Kumar Prajapati, Rohit Sharma, Amee Amrutia, BJ Patgiri

Ancient Science of Life 2017 36(3):129-135

Introduction: Kuṅkumādi Ghṛta (KG) is an Ayurvedic formulation commonly recommended in skin disorders, especially Mukhadūṣikā (Acne vulgaris). Kesara (stigma of Crocus sativus Linn.) is a prime ingredient in the formulation. However, due to high cost and increased adulteration in Kesara, 'Nāgakesara' (Mesua ferrea Linn.) is suggested by Ayurvedic experts as a substitute. Nāgakesara is relatively lower in cost and possesses similar therapeutic attributes to that of Kesara. Recent studies have established standard manufacturing procedures and clinical efficacies of Kesarayukta (with Kesara) Kuṅkumādi Ghṛta (KKG) and Nāgakesara yukta (with Nāgakesara) Kuṅkumādi Ghṛta (NKG) in Mukhadūṣikā. In spite of wide utility of KG in Ayurvedic practice, no published work on its shelf life is available so far. Aims and Objectives: To establish the physicochemical profile and evaluate the shelf life of KKG and NKG. Materials and Methods: Total three batches of KKG and NKG each were prepared in the laboratory by adopting Ayurvedic classical guidelines and the findings were systematically recorded. Comparative differences in organoleptic characters (colour, odour, taste, touch) and values of different physicochemical parameters (Ash value, pH value, Total solid content, Specific gravity, Refractive index, Loss on drying, Acid value, Iodine value, Saponification value, Peroxide value and Rancidity tests) of raw materials [herbal ingredients, Go Ghṛta, Mūrcchita Ghṛta (MG)] as well as finished products (KKG and NKG) were recorded. Long term (real time) shelf life testing was carried out at the intervals i.e., at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 16 months. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of samples was also carried out. Results and Conclusion: The average percentage loss in final product was 10.18% in KKG and 7.58% in NKG. The shelf life of MG, KKG and NKG is 16 months. After 16 months, Go Ghṛta showed negative rancidity test, while MG, KKG and NKG showed positive rancidity, indicative of onset of deterioration after 16 months. Present findings validate the Ayurvedic principles stipulating medicated Ghṛta to have a shelf life of 16 months. Chromatographic study showed few differences between KKG and NKG samples. Data obtained by present study may be considered as standard for future researches.

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Pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies of Helleborus niger L root

V Kishor Kumar, KG Lalitha

Ancient Science of Life 2017 36(3):151-158

Background: Helleborus niger L (Ranunculaceae) is used Ayurvedic and Unani systems and other herbal medicine systems. The roots of H. niger have a good medicinal value. Aims: To conduct a pharmacognostical and phytochemical study of H. niger. Materials and Methods: The pharmacognostical studies on roots including parameters such as taxonomical, macroscopic, microscopic characters, physico-chemical, ultra-violet analysis and phytochemical studies are established. Results: Macroscopically, the roots are brownish-black in colour, cylindrical in shape, feeble odour, slightly acrid taste with irregularly branched. Microscopically the root showed the presence of epidermis, air-chambers, fissure periderm, periderm, inner cortex, pith, phloem, xylem, vessels and xylem vessels. Microscopic examination of the powder showed the presence of parenchyma cells, parenchyma mass, periderm, cell inclusion, laticifer, lateral wall pith, perforation, xylem bundle and xylem elements. Ultra-violet and ordinary light analyses with different reagents were conducted to identify the drug in powder form. Physico-chemical evaluation established, Ash values - Total, acid insoluble, water soluble and sulphated ash values were 7.3%, 4.1%, 3.7% and 5.2%, respectively. Extractive values - Alcohol soluble, water soluble and ether soluble extractive values were 22.8%, 7.4% and 5.6%, respectively. Loss on drying was 3.3%. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrate, glycoside, saponins, flavonoid, phytosterols, tannins and phenolic compounds. Conclusions: The results of the study can serve as a valuable resource of pharmacognostic and phytochemical information. This will serve as appropriate, standards for discovery of this plant material in future investigations and applications and also contribute towards establishing pharmacopoeial standards.

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Ethnopharmacological based evaluation of Anogeissus pendula Edgew extracts for antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential

Deeksha Singh, Uttam Singh Baghel, Manmeet Singh Pannu, Rakesh Yadav

Ancient Science of Life 2017 36(3):136-140

Background: Anogeissus pendula has various reported ethnomedicinal uses and is reported to contain phenolic compounds which have antioxidant potential. Aim: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant potential and in vivo hepatoprotective activity along with the oxidative stress parameters of stem bark and leaves of Anogeissus pendula for the first time. Settings and Design: Albino rats were divided into seven groups of six animals each. Healthy control (Group I) and toxic control (Group II) received the vehicle. Group III, IV, V, VI and VII were treated with silymarin (100 mg/kg body weight, orally) and two hydro-alcoholic extracts i.e., APB (stem bark) and APL (leaves) at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b. w., orally, respectively. Hepatotoxicity was induced by allyl alcohol. Materials and Methods: Albino Wistar rats of either sex between 8-12 weeks old were used. The plant parts were collected from Sawai Madhopur (Rajasthan, India) and extracted with hydro-alcoholic solvent to get two extracts i.e., APB (stem bark) and APL (leaves) which were investigated for the in vitro antioxidant potential through DPPH radical and H2O2scavenging assay along with in vivo hepatoprotective potential through allyl alcohol induced hepatotoxicity. Statistical Analysis: Statistical comparisons between different groups were done by using one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni test. P< 0.05 was considered significant. Results and Conclusions: APB showed more potent activity than APL in case of in vitro antioxidant potential with IC50of 44.29 μg/ml in DPPH radical scavenging activity and 53.09 μg/ml in hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. Both the extracts revealed antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials in a dose dependent manner but more significant results were obtained in case of APB at 400 mg/kg. More amounts of phytoconstituents might be the reason behind the more significant activity of extract of stem bark than that of the leaves.

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Evaluation of Cyavanaprāśa on health and immunity related parameters in healthy children: A two arm, randomized, open labeled, prospective, multicenter, clinical study

Arun Gupta, Sunil Kumar, Sanjeeva Dole, Shailesh Deshpande, Vaishali Deshpande, Sudha Singh, V Sasibhushan

Ancient Science of Life 2017 36(3):141-150

Context: Cyavanaprāśa (CP) is an Ayurvedic immune booster formulation that confers vigor and vitality while delaying the ageing process. Benefits of CP have been studied widely in adult population. Objectives: Current study assessed beneficial effects of CP on health and immunity related parameters in healthy children. Methods: This study was a 6 month long two armed, randomized, open labeled, prospective clinical study. School going healthy children between ages of 5-12 years were randomized to receive orally daily either CP (approx. 6 g) followed by a cup of milk (100 – 200 ml) or cup of milk only twice a day while continuing with their normal/routine diet. Results were analyzed based on number of episodes, severity, duration of illness (infections and allergies) and number of absent days due to illness during the study duration and changes in levels of energy, physical fitness, strength, stamina and quality of life in children which were recorded in subject diary by their parents/Legally Acceptable Representative (LAR). Results: 702 participants were randomized, out of which 627 completed the study (CP n = 313; Control n = 314). Results of immunity (episodes of infections or allergy related conditions) showed more than 2 times protection from immunity related illness in CP Group as compared to the control. CP also showed better percentage improvement in energy levels, physical fitness, strength, stamina and quality of life assessed through KIDSCREEN QOL-27 questionnaires in children. Conclusion: Regular consumption of CP for a period of six months could significantly improve immunity, energy levels, physical fitness, strength, stamina and quality of life in school going healthy children. Study Registration: Clinical Trail Registry of India vide CTRI/2015/02/005574, Dated 24 February 2015.

http://ift.tt/2vNcvao

Angamardhana: A treatise on massage techniques of ancient India

BS Praveen

Ancient Science of Life 2017 36(3):170-171

http://ift.tt/2wG0MXJ

Impact of Pharmacist Immunization Authority on Seasonal Influenza Immunization Rates Across States

Publication date: Available online 7 August 2017
Source:Clinical Therapeutics
Author(s): Edward M. Drozd, Laura Miller, Michael Johnsrud
PurposeThe goal of this study was to investigate the impact on immunization rates of policy changes that allowed pharmacists to administer influenza immunizations across the United States.MethodsInfluenza immunization rates across states were compared before and after policy changes permitting pharmacists to administer influenza immunizations. The study used Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey data on influenza immunization rates between 2003 and 2013. Logistic regression models were constructed and incorporated adjustments for the complex sample design of the BRFSS to predict the likelihood of a person receiving an influenza immunization based on various patient health, demographic, and access to care factors.FindingsOverall, as states moved to allow pharmacists to administer influenza immunizations, the odds that an adult resident received an influenza immunization rose, with the effect increasing over time. The average percentage of people receiving influenza immunizations in states was 35.1%, rising from 32.2% in 2003 to 40.3% in 2013. The policy changes were associated with a long-term increase of 2.2% to 7.6% in the number of adults aged 25 to 59 years receiving an influenza immunization (largest for those aged 35–39 years) and no significant change for those younger or older.ImplicationsThese findings suggest that pharmacies and other nontraditional settings may offer accessible venues for patients when implementing other public health initiatives.

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Chemical environmental factors: Can they affect acne?

Maria Mazioti

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2017 83(5):522-524

http://ift.tt/2vNkHHE

Hidradenitis suppurativa unresponsive to canakinumab treatment: A case report

Burak Tekin, Andac Salman, Tulin Ergun

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2017 83(5):615-617

http://ift.tt/2wFZ6xd

Wickham's striae-like appearance in a case of nodular Kaposi's sarcoma: A dermoscopic pitfall

Biswanath Behera, Raj Remya, Laxmisha Chandrashekar, Devinder Mohan Thappa, Debasis Gochhait, Biswajit Dey

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2017 83(5):604-606

http://ift.tt/2wGmNpg

Onychoscopy: A practical guide

Chander Grover, Deepak Jakhar

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2017 83(5):536-549

Onychoscopy refers to the examination of the nail unit using a dermoscope. Since the advent of dermoscopy, attempts have been made to use it for the diagnosis of nail disorders, most commonly pigmented lesions. As of now, onychoscopy has carved out a distinct niche for itself in the diagnostic work up of nail disorders. The nail is capable of mounting only a limited number of reaction patterns to the large number of disorders affecting it. Therefore, simple visual inspection may not be helpful in diagnosing many conditions reliably. Even a nail biopsy may not give a definitive answer every time. Onychoscopy is thus a valuable aid not only in enhancing visible nail features but also in revealing cryptic features of diagnostic value. This review aims to summarize the current level of knowledge about onychoscopic features of various diseases of the nail unit. It also aims to offer practical tips on how to conduct onychoscopy. For the purpose of review, a PubMed search about the indications and results of onychoscopy was done using the keywords "onychoscopy," "nail fold capillaroscopy," "dermoscopy nail" and "dermatoscopy nail." All the articles were retrieved and classified into case reports, reviews and clinical studies. The final data was then analyzed and presented in a narrative fashion.

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Erythroderma: A clinicopathological study of 370 cases from a tertiary care center in Kerala

Rani Mathew, V Sreedevan

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2017 83(5):625-625

http://ift.tt/2wG6wRa

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and anti-p200 pemphigoid as major subepidermal autoimmune bullous diseases diagnosed by floor binding on indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using human salt-split skin

Nupur Goyal, Raghavendra Rao, Shrutakirthi D Shenoi, Sathish Pai, Pramod Kumar, Balbir S Bhogal, Enno Schmidt, Detlef Zillikens

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2017 83(5):550-555

Background: Subepidermal autoimmune bullous diseases are a diverse group of diseases with overlapping clinical and immunopathological features. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy on artificially split skin helps to classify these conditions into those with staining on the epidermal side of the split ("roof-binding") and those with staining on the dermal side ("floor-binding"). Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita is the prototype of "floor-binding" subepidermal autoimmune bullous diseases. However, not all floor-binding sera are associated with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and immunological profile of patients with floor-binding subepidermal autoimmune bullous disease by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and to identify the target antigens in them. Methods: Ten patients who showed a floor-binding pattern were studied with regard to their clinical and immunopathological characteristics. Target antigens were identified by modified indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa skin, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and immunoblotting. Results: Diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita was confirmed in six patients. Three patients with an inflammatory subepidermal autoimmune bullous disease mimicking bullous pemphigoid reacted with a 200 kDa protein on immunoblotting with dermal extract, as is characteristic of anti-p200 pemphigoid. One serum showed both roof and floor binding, and reacted with the BP180 antigen. Limitation: We could not perform serration pattern analysis in our patients. Conclusion: In this study, we report three cases of anti-p200 pemphigoid from India. These cases, though indistinguishable clinically from bullous pemphigoid, revealed a floor-binding pattern on indirect immunofluorescence using salt-split skin.

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Cholinergic urticaria: Clinicoepidemiological paradigms from a tertiary care center in North India

Muthu Sendhil Kumaran, Amanjot Kaur Arora, Davinder Parsad

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2017 83(5):599-601

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Receptor for advanced glycation end products is overexpressed in psoriatic plaques independent of disease severity

Ozkay Ozgor, Gulsen Akoglu, Nuran Sungu, Eda Karaismailoglu, Akin Aktas

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2017 83(5):556-560

Background: Enhanced expression and excitation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products is considered to play a role in the regulation of many pro-inflammatory genes involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Aim: We investigated the expression of receptor for advanced glycation end product in various cell types, in lesional and peri-lesional skin of patients with psoriasis, and its correlation with disease severity. Methods: Paraffin-embedded punch biopsy tissue taken from psoriatic plaques and peri-lesional normal appearing skin tissue of twenty patients with psoriasis, and normal skin samples of eleven healthy participants, were enrolled in the study. The sections were stained immunohistochemically with anti-receptor for advanced glycation end product antibody. The intensity of receptor for advanced glycation end product expression was assessed semi-quantitatively on epidermal cells, microvascular endothelium, dermal fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. They were graded as follows: 0 (no staining), 1 (weak), 2 (moderate) and 3 (strong) intensity. Results: Receptor for advanced glycation end product expression on epidermis, microvascular endothelium, inflammatory cells and fibroblasts in the psoriatic plaques was more intense than perilesional and normal tissue (all P < 0.05). It did not correlate with disease severity. Limitations: The main limitation of our study is that this was a semi-quantitative assessment, detected immunohistochemically in skin biopsies. Conclusion: Receptor for advanced glycation end product expression may have an important role in psoriasis pathogenesis, independent of disease severity.

http://ift.tt/2wGcvpl

Demodex folliculorum associated Bacillus pumilus in lesional areas in rosacea

Alin Laurentiu Tatu, Marius Anton Ionescu, Violeta Corina Cristea

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2017 83(5):610-611

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Effectiveness and safety of levocetirizine 10 mg versus a combination of levocetirizine 5 mg and montelukast 10 mg in chronic urticaria resistant to levocetirizine 5 mg: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial

Tushar Kanti Sarkar, Amrita Sil, Santasmita Pal, Chinmoy Ghosh, Nilay Kanti Das

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2017 83(5):561-568

Background: Chronic urticaria is a vexing problem for patients and treating physicians alike. The EAACI/GA[2]LEN/EDF/WAO guidelines advocate an increased antihistamine dosage up to four times the standard, before adding leukotriene receptor antagonists. Patients are frequently intolerant of these higher dosages. We conducted this study to determine whether the addition of leukotriene receptor antagonists to the standard antihistamine dose was comparable to higher dosages of antihistamines alone, in terms of efficacy, safety and quality of life changes. We compared levocetirizine 10 mg (double dose of standard) versus a combination of levocetirizine 5 mg and montelukast 10 mg in cases of chronic urticaria not responding to single daily dose of 5 mg levocetirizine. Methods: A single-center, double-blind, randomized, active-controlled, parallel group phase IV trial (CTRI/2014/12/005261) was conducted on 120 patients of chronic urticaria of either sex not responding to 5 mg levocetirizine. Patients were randomized into receiving either levocetirizine 10 mg or levocetirizine 5 mg + montelukast 10 mg for 4 weeks. Primary outcome measures were Urticaria Activity Score (UAS) and Urticaria Total Severity Score (TSS). Routine hematological and biochemical tests and treatment-emergent adverse events were monitored for safety. Results: Fifty-two patients on levocetirizine 10 mg group and 51 patients on levocetirizine 5 mg + montelukast 10 mg group were analyzed. UAS and TSS reduced significantly in both treatment groups and reduction of score were comparable in between the groups (P = 0.628, P = 0.824, respectively). Among adverse effects, sedation was noted significantly more (P = 0.013) in levocetirizine 10 mg group. Quality of life was significantly improved in levocetirizine 5 mg + montelukast 10 mg group (P = 0.031). Limitations: The limitation of the study was that the follow-up period was 4 weeks. Conclusion: EAACI/GA[2]LEN/EDF/WAO guidelines need to be more flexible in allowing usage of montelukast before escalation of anti-histamine dosage.

http://ift.tt/2wGg6Ud

Methotrexate iontophoresis versus coal tar ointment in palmoplantar psoriasis: A pilot study

K Haseena, Sandhya George, Najeeba Riyaz, Sarita Sasidharanpillai, Paul V Puthussery

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2017 83(5):569-573

Background: Palmoplantar psoriasis is often disabling and refractory to conventional therapy. Systemic drugs are indicated in its severe form, but side effects are a concern with their use. Methotrexate is one such systemic drug which is effective and cheap. To reduce systemic toxicity, methotrexate has been tried topically but results have been inconsistent due to poor drug penetration into the skin by passive diffusion. Iontophoresis may enhance its absorption and efficacy. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical methotrexate iontophoresis in comparison with coal tar ointment in the treatment of palmoplantar psoriasis. Methods: Thirty-one patients with palmar and/or plantar psoriasis were selected for the study and 28 patients completed it. The side having more severe involvement was treated while the other palm/sole served as a control. Iontophoresis using methotrexate solution was carried out on the study palm/sole with the injectable preparation of methotrexate (50 mg/2 ml) once a week for the first 4 weeks and subsequently every two weeks, for a total of six sittings. The control palm/sole was treated with coal tar ointment on other days. Erythema, scaling, induration and fissuring scores were noted in both groups before and after treatment. Results: Both study and control groups showed decreases in scores but the reduction was more in the study group, the difference being statistically significant. Limitations: Drawbacks of our study include the small sample size and the lack of follow-up. The study and control arms were not exactly matched and the study was not blinded. Conclusion: Methotrexate iontophoresis was safe and more effective than coal tar ointmentin palmoplantarpsoriasis.

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Angiosarcoma of the gingiva: Metastasis from a primary tumor of the scalp

Jingmei Yang, Kai Mei, Chenzhou Wu, Yafei Wu, Yi Xu

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2017 83(5):626-626

http://ift.tt/2fr3TiN

Syringocystadenocarcinoma papilliferum with coexisting trichoblastoma: A case report with review of literature

Rajeshwari K Muthusamy, Sangita S Mehta

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2017 83(5):574-576

We present a unique case of syringocystadenoma with malignant transformation into syringocystadenocarcinoma papilliferum and coexisting trichoblastoma arising de novo in a scalp swelling of long duration in a 78-year-old woman. Syringocystadenocarcinoma papilliferum was described by the World Health Organization as an extremely rare malignant adnexal tumor of apocrine origin with varied histology with some cases reported in literature.

http://ift.tt/2hIriNH

Adult Henoch–Schönlein purpura: Clinical and histopathological predictors of systemic disease and profound renal disease

Ruoxi Cao, Sandra Lau, Virlynn Tan, Hong Liang Tey

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2017 83(5):577-582

Background: A major challenge in the management of adult Henoch–Schönlein purpura is the difficulty in assessing the risk of systemic involvement. There is currently a paucity of data in this area. Aims: This study sought to determine specific clinical and histopathological features associated with systemic involvement in adult Henoch–Schönlein purpura. Methods: We reviewed the records of 99 adult Henoch–Schönlein purpura patients who presented at the National Skin Centre, Singapore, between January 2008 and May 2015. Results: Renal involvement was found in 56 (56.6%) patients, joint involvement in 21 (21.2%) and gastrointestinal involvement in 13 (13.1%). Age > 30 years was an independent predictor of renal involvement with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.97 (95% confidence interval, 1.08–8.16; P = 0.04). Risk factors for significant renal involvement necessitating nephrology referral were further evaluated: the odds were approximately 60% higher for every 10-year increase in age (95% confidence interval, 1.02–2.57; P = 0.04) and patients with cutaneous bullae and/or necrosis had an almost six times higher risk (95% confidence interval, 1.43–25.00; P = 0.01). Limitations: This study was limited by its retrospective design. We also lacked long-term data to examine how clinical and histopathological characteristics correlated with long-term disease outcomes. Conclusions: Adult Henoch–Schönlein purpura patients older than 30 years have a threefold increased risk of renal involvement. The risk of profound renal disease necessitating nephrology referral rose significantly with age and the presence of cutaneous bullae and/or necrosis.

http://ift.tt/2hICsSx

Capecitabine-induced acral and mucosal hyperpigmentation

Parul Verma

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2017 83(5):583-583

http://ift.tt/2vCtRWZ

Allergic sensitization to laboratory animals is more associated with asthma, rhinitis and skin symptoms than sensitization to common allergens

Summary

Background

Workers exposed to laboratory animals have a high risk of developing laboratory animal allergy (LAA). Atopy seems to be the main risk factor for LAA. We hypothesized that occupational sensitization is a better predictor for the development of asthma, rhinitis and bronchial hyperresponsiveness than common sensitization.

Objective

To investigate the association between occupational sensitization to laboratory animals and clinical outcomes.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study performed at two universities on students and employees dealing with small rodents. The subjects were allocated in groups: non-sensitized, common sensitization or occupational sensitization, according to the results of the skin prick test (SPT). All subjects answered a questionnaire about animal exposures, symptoms, allergic diseases, and underwent spirometry and bronchial challenge test with mannitol. Multivariate analysis was performed by using Poisson regression to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR).

Results

Data from 453 volunteers were analyzed. Non-sensitized group comprised 237 subjects; common sensitization group, 142 subjects; and occupational sensitization group, 74 subjects. Occupational sensitization was associated with greater risk for all outcomes studied. When the common sensitization group was reference, skin symptoms had PR of 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.85; wheezing had PR of 1.75; CI 95%: 1.21-2.53; rhinitis had PR of 1.25; 95%: 1.11-1.40; nocturnal dyspnea had PR of 2.40; 95% CI: 1.31-4.40; bronchial hyperresponsiveness had PR of 2.47; 95% CI: 1.50-4.09; and confirmed asthma had PR of 2.65; 95% CI: 1.45-4.85. In addition, the overlap of asthma, rhinitis and skin symptoms in a same subject was significantly more prevalent in the occupational sensitization group, 16.2% versus 4.9% in the common sensitization group.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance

Occupational sensitization is associated with allergic symptoms and respiratory diseases. SPT with occupational allergens along with other parameters may contribute to detection of risk for allergic and respiratory diseases associated with exposure to laboratory animals.

http://ift.tt/2vhEA8g

Association between infection with H. pylori and atopy in young Ethiopian Children: a longitudinal study

Abstract

Background

Epidemiological evidence from developed countries indicates that Helicobacter pylori infection correlates with a reduced risk of atopy and allergic disorders, however limited data are available from low-income countries.

Objective

We examined associations between H. pylori infection in early childhood and atopy and reported allergic disorders at the age of 6.5 years in an Ethiopian birth cohort.

Methods

A total of 856 children (85.1% of the 1006 original singletons in a population-based birth cohort) were followed up at age six and half years. An interviewer-led questionnaire administered to mothers provided information on demographic and lifestyle variables. Questions on allergic disease symptoms were based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) core allergy and environmental questionnaire. Serum samples were analysed for total IgE levels and anti-H. pylori cytotoxin associated gene A (CagA) IgG antibody using commercially available ELISA kits. Stool samples were analysed for H. pylori antigen using a rapid immunochromatographic test. The independent effects of H. pylori infection (measured at age 3, 5 and 6.5 years) on prevalence and incidence of atopy and reported allergic disorders (measured at age 6.5 years) were determined using multiple logistic regression.

Results

In cross-sectional analysis, current H. pylori infection at age 6.5 years was inversely, though not significantly, related to prevalence of atopy and 'any allergic condition' at age 6.5 years. However detection of H. pylori infection at any point up to age 6.5 years was associated with a significantly reduced odds of both atopy and 'any allergic condition' (adjusted OR AOR, 95% CI, 0.54; 0.32 to 0.92, p=0.02, and 0.31; 0.10 to 0.94, p=0.04, respectively). In longitudinal analyses, H. pylori infection at age 3 was inversely associated with incidence of atopy (AOR, 95% CI, 0.49; 0.27 to 0.89, p=0.02). Furthermore, among H. pylori infected children, those with a CagA+ strain had a more pronounced reduction in odds of atopy (AOR=0.35 vs. 0.63 for CagA+ vs. CagA-) and this reduction reached borderline significance.

Conclusion

These data are consistent with the hypothesis that early exposure to H. pylori is inversely associated with atopy and allergic conditions. A possible modest protective association against atopy was observed in those infected with a more virulent CagA+ strain of H. pylori.

http://ift.tt/2wrIx9f

Specialist Peri-Operative Allergy Clinic Services in the UK 2016: Results from the Royal College of Anaesthetists Sixth National Audit Project (NAP6)

Abstract

Background

Guidelines for investigation of perioperative drug allergy exist, but the quality of services is unknown. Specialist perioperative anaphylaxis services were surveyed through the Royal College of Anaesthetists 6^th National Audit Project.

Objectives

We compare self-declared UK practice in specialist perioperative allergy services with national recommendations.

Methods

A SurveyMonkey^™ questionnaire was distributed to providers of allergy services in the UK. Responses were assessed for adherence to the best practice recommendations of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Guidance on Drug Allergy - CG183.

Results

Over 1200 patients were evaluated in 44 centres annually. Variation in workload, waiting times, access, staffing and diagnostic approach was noted. Paediatric centres had the longest routine waiting times (most wait >13 weeks) in contrast to adult centres (most wait <12 weeks). Service leads are allergists/immunologists (91%) or anaesthetists (7%).

Potentially important differences were seen in: testing repertoire [10/44 (23%) lacked BSACI compliant NMBA panels and 17/44 (39%) lacked a NAP6-defined extended panel; many failed to screen all cases for chlorhexidine 19/44 (43%) or latex 21/44 (48%)], staffing [only 26/44 (59%) had specialist nurses and 18/44 (41%) an anaesthetist], and provision of information [18/44 (41%) gave immediate information in clinic, and 5/44 (11%) on support groups].

Most centres were able to provide diagnostic challenges to antibiotics [40/44 (91%]) and local anaesthetics [41/44 (93%)].

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Diagnostic testing is not harmonised, with marked variability in the NMBA panels used to identify safe alternatives. Chlorhexidine and latex are not part of routine testing in many centres.

Poor access to services and patient information provision require attention. Harmonisation of diagnostic approach is desirable, particularly with regard to a minimum NMBA panel for identification of safe alternatives.

http://ift.tt/2vhxReB

Allergic sensitization to laboratory animals is more associated with asthma, rhinitis and skin symptoms than sensitization to common allergens

Summary

Background

Objective

To investigate the association between occupational sensitization to laboratory animals and clinical outcomes.

Methods

Results

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance

http://ift.tt/2vhEA8g

Specialist Peri-Operative Allergy Clinic Services in the UK 2016: Results from the Royal College of Anaesthetists Sixth National Audit Project (NAP6)

Abstract

Background

Objectives

We compare self-declared UK practice in specialist perioperative allergy services with national recommendations.

Methods

Results

Most centres were able to provide diagnostic challenges to antibiotics [40/44 (91%]) and local anaesthetics [41/44 (93%)].

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Diagnostic testing is not harmonised, with marked variability in the NMBA panels used to identify safe alternatives. Chlorhexidine and latex are not part of routine testing in many centres.

http://ift.tt/2vhxReB

Fluorescent molecularly imprinted membranes as biosensor for the detection of target protein

Publication date: January 2018
Source:Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Volume 254
Author(s): Xin Zhang, Shu Yang, Rui Jiang, Liquan Sun, Siping Pang, Aiqin Luo
Combining quantum dots with molecular imprinting techniques, a fluorescent molecularly imprinted membrane (MIM) is prepared by embedding l-cysteine-capped Mn²⁺-doped ZnS quantum dots (QDs) into molecularly imprinted polymer matrix. This fluorescent MIM is used as biosensor for specific recognition of a target protein (lysozyme). The key point of this approach is that the fluorescent quantum dots embedded into a molecularly imprinted membrane, which enables the optical readout characteristic and high selectivity within a thin hydrogel membrane. When the fluorescent MIM selectively captures the target protein, the electron transfer between the QDs and the target protein will result in the fluorescence quenching of the membrane. And the quenched fluorescence emission intensity was proportional to the concentration of the analytes. The as-prepared membrane was successfully applied to selectively and sensitively detect target proteins without any time-consuming pretreatments. Under optimal conditions, the linear detection of the fluorescence MIM ranged from 1.0×10⁻⁷ to 1.0×10⁻⁶molL⁻¹ with the detection limit of 10.2nM. Furthermore, the MIM was applied to determine lysozyme in real samples with recoveries of 93%–103%. Experimental results showed that the fluorescent MIM might serve as a simple and sensitive fluorescent biosensor for detecting target protein in complex biological samples.

http://ift.tt/2wFZs7f

Implementing the adapted physical education E-learning program into physical education teacher education program

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 69
Author(s): Eun Hye Kwon, Martin E. Block
According to the Ministry of Education Korea (2014), the approximately 70.4% of all students with disabilities are included in general schools in Korea. However, studies show that Korean GPE teachers do not feel comforatble or prepared to include students with disabilities (Oh & Lee, 1999; Roh, 2002; Roh & Oh, 2005). The purpose of this study was to explore whether an APE e-learning supplement would have an impact on the level of self-efficacy and content knowledge of pre-service teachers related to including students with intellectual disabilities. An APE supplement was developed based on the InstructionalDesign Model (Dick, Carey, & Carey, 2005) to provide three sources of self-efficacy, mastery experience, vicarious experience, and social persuasions. Three groups of pre-service teachers (N=75) took the same content supplement with different delivery system, E-learning group (n=25) with online, traditional group (n=25) with printed handout, and control group (n=25) without supplement. Two instruments, the Physical Educators' Situation-Specific Self-efficacy and Inclusion Student with Disabilities in Physical Education (SE-PETE-D) and the content knowledge test, were given to all participants twice (i.e., pretest and posttest). A 3×2 mixed effect ANOVA revealed that pre-service teachers' perceived self-efficacy (p=0.023) improved after taking the e-learning supplement. However, there was no significant difference in the level of content knowledge (p=0.248) between the learning group and tranditional group.

http://ift.tt/2vCq101

PET/CT in Esophageal Carcinoma: Applications and Limitations

Publication date: Available online 8 August 2017
Source:Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI
Author(s): Sonia L. Betancourt Cuellar, Diana P. Palacio, Marcelo F. Benveniste, Brett W. Carter, Wayne L. Hofstetter, Edith M. Marom
Squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) and adenocarcinoma represent approximately 98 % of esophageal malignant tumors. During the last 30 years, the incidence of adenocarcinoma has increased in Western countries (including the USA) where adenocarcinoma currently represents more than 60% of esophageal malignancies, although, worldwide, SqCC continues to be the predominant histologic type. Integrated positron emission tomography (PET)/CT with 2-[fluorine18] fluro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) is used in many institutions routinely as a tool in the initial staging and then repeated after therapy for the assessment of response to neoadjuvant therapy and detection of recurrent disease in patients with esophageal carcinoma. As with any other imaging modality, FDG-PET/CT has strengths and limitations that should be understood in order to maximize its utility.

http://ift.tt/2vgZepe

Discordance between Imaging and Immunohistochemistry in Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism

Abstract

Objective

Correct subtyping of primary aldosteronism (PA) is essential for good surgical outcomes. Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) and/or computed tomography (CT) are used for PA sub-classification. Clinical and/or biochemical improvement after surgery, however, is not always achieved in patients with presumed unilateral PA. We aimed to identify the pitfalls in PA sub-classification leading to surgical treatment failures.

Patients and Design

We retrospectively studied 208 patients who underwent adrenal vein sampling (AVS) for PA sub-classification in a tertiary referral centre, between January 2009 and August 2016. Simultaneous bilateral AVS was performed before and after cosyntropin administration. We implemented immunohistochemistry for aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) and 17α-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase (CYP17A1) in adrenal glands resected from patients without improvement of PA after surgical treatment and from those with limitations in AVS interpretation.

Results

Of 55 patients who underwent adrenalectomy, three (5.5%) had no improvement of PA. All three patients underwent partial adrenalectomy to remove a CT-detected nodule present on the same side with AVS lateralization. Immunohistochemistry revealed a CYP11B2-negative nodule in both cases available. All patients who underwent total adrenalectomy based on AVS lateralization benefitted from surgery, including three patients with unilateral unsuccessful AVS and aldosterone suppression in the catheterized side vs. inferior vena cava.

Conclusions

Radiographically identified adrenal nodules are not always a source of PA, even when ipsilateral with AVS lateralization. These data caution against reliance on imaging findings, either alone or in conjunction with AVS, to guide surgery for PA.

http://ift.tt/2vCK1Qa

Phytoextraction of potentially toxic elements by six tree species growing on hazardous mining sludge

Abstract

The aim of the study was to compare the phytoextraction abilities of six tree species (Acer platanoides L., Acer pseudoplatanus L., Betula pendula Roth, Quercus robur L., Tilia cordata Miller, Ulmus laevis Pall.), cultivated on mining sludge contaminated with arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), thallium (Tl), and zinc (Zn). All six tree species were able to survive on such an unpromising substrate. However, A. platanoides and T. cordata seedlings grown on the polluted substrate showed significantly lower biomass than control plants (55.5 and 45.6%, respectively). As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Tl predominantly accumulated in the roots of all the analyzed tree species with the following highest contents: 1616, 268, 2432, 547, and 856 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Zn was predominantly localized in shoots with the highest content of 5801 and 5732 mg kg⁻¹ for U. laevis and A. platanoides, respectively. A. platanoides was the most effective in Zn phytoextaction, with a bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 8.99 and a translocation factor (TF) of 1.5. Furthermore, with the exception of A. pseudoplatanus, the analyzed tree species showed a BCF > 1 for Tl, with the highest value for A. platanoides (1.41). However, the TF for this metal was lower than 1 in all the analyzed tree species. A. platanoides showed the highest BCF and a low TF and could, therefore, be a promising species for Tl phytostabilization. In the case of the other analyzed tree species, their potential for effective phytoextraction was markedly lower. Further studies on the use of A. platanoides in phytoremediation would be worth conducting.

http://ift.tt/2vLqbSr

The carnivorous feeding behavior of early Homo at HWK EE, Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

Publication date: Available online 7 August 2017
Source:Journal of Human Evolution
Author(s): Michael C. Pante, Jackson K. Njau, Blaire Hensley-Marschand, Trevor L. Keevil, Carmen Martín-Ramos, Renata Franco Peters, Ignacio de la Torre
The regular consumption of large mammal carcasses, as evidenced by butchery marks on fossils recovered from Early Stone Age archaeological sites, roughly coincides with the appearance of Homo habilis. However, the significance of this niche expansion cannot be appreciated without an understanding of hominin feeding behavior and their ecological interactions with mammalian carnivores. The Olduvai Geochronology and Archaeology Project (OGAP) has recovered a large and well-preserved fossil assemblage from the HWK EE site, which was deposited just prior to the first appearance of Acheulean technology at Olduvai Gorge and likely represents one of the last H. habilis sites at Olduvai. This taphonomic analysis of the larger mammal fossil assemblage excavated from HWK EE shows evidence of multiple occupations over a long period of time, suggesting the site offered resources that were attractive to hominins. There was a water source indicated by the presence of fish, crocodiles, and hippos, and there was possible tree cover in an otherwise open habitat. The site preserves several stratigraphic intervals with large fossil and artifact assemblages within two of these intervals. Feeding traces on bone surfaces suggest hominins at the site obtained substantial amounts of flesh and marrow, particularly from smaller size group 1–2 carcasses, and exploited a wide range of taxa, including megafauna. A strong carnivore signal suggests hominins scavenged much of their animal foods during the two main stratigraphic intervals. In the later interval, lower carnivore tooth mark and hammerstone percussion mark frequencies, in addition to high epiphyseal to shaft fragment ratios, suggest hominins and carnivores did not fully exploit bone marrow and grease, which may have been acquired from nutritionally-stressed animals that died during a dry period at Olduvai. The diversity of fauna that preserve evidence of butchery suggests that the HWK EE hominins were opportunistic in their acquisition of carcass foods.

http://ift.tt/2hHCA4K

Application of a newly designed mandibular distraction device for navigation surgery in goats

This animal study is to investigate the accuracy of navigation-guided mandibular distraction osteogenesis with a special designed distraction device by TBNavis-CMFS navigation system.

http://ift.tt/2vCVqjf

Kinase inhibitors in clinical practice: An expanding world

http://ift.tt/2vCMV7L

Prenatal fine particulate exposure and early childhood asthma: effect of maternal stress and fetal gender

These analyses demonstrate that concomitant exposure to prenatal PM2.5 and maternal stress is associated with increased risk of asthma, especially in boys.

http://ift.tt/2vk9XOd

International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery Vol.6,No.4 (July 2017)

Parathyroid Embryology, Anatomy, and Pathophysiology of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Parathyroid Anatomy, Parathyroid Histology, Parathyroid Pathophysiology
Paper Information Full Paper: PDF (Size:426KB)
DOI: 10.4236/ijohns.2017.64007

http://ift.tt/2m3QcEl

Re: Current thinking about the management of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint: a review

I was pleased to read this excellent summary,1 as it offers structured guidance for the management of disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which are sometimes difficult to treat. I agree that there is a lack of evidence for some recommended treatments and, as a result, an evidence-based approach is difficult.

http://ift.tt/2vBIfz6

International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery Vol.6,No.4 (July 2017)

http://ift.tt/2m3QcEl

Characteristics of severe asthma with fungal sensitization

Some patients with severe asthma also have fungal sensitization and are considered to have severe asthma with fungal sensitization. However, there is limited information on the clinical features of SAFS.

http://ift.tt/2vLF7Ah

Characteristics of severe asthma with fungal sensitization

Comparative frequency of four different types of pregnancy-associated thyrotoxicosis in a single thyroid centre

Abstract

Background

Pregnancy and delivery markedly influence thyroid function. However, the comparative prevalence of gestational thyrotoxicosis (GT), new onset of Graves' disease during pregnancy (GD during pregnancy), postpartum destructive thyrotoxicosis (PPT), and postpartum Graves' thyrotoxicosis (PPGD) has not yet been determined.

Methods

We prospectively registered and performed a review of 4127 consecutive non treated female patients with thyrotoxicosis, seen between August 2008 and December 2013 in our outpatient clinic of Kuma Hospital. 187 out of the 4127 women had new diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy or in the postpartum period. We investigated the prevalence of new diagnosis of GT, GD during pregnancy, PPT and PPGD and compared the characteristics of these types of thyrotoxicosis. The postpartum period is defined as twelve months after delivery.

Results

Out of 187 pregnant or postpartum women, we identified 30 (16.0%) with GT, 13 (7.0%) with GD during pregnancy, 42 (22.5%) with PPT, and 102 (54.5%) with PPGD. The onset time of thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy, i.e., both GT and GD during pregnancy, was delayed by a couple of weeks when hCG peaked at 10 gestational weeks. Seventy-six percent of patients with PPT developed thyrotoxicosis between delivery and 4 months postpartum; on the other hand, 83.3% of patients with PPGD developed thyrotoxicosis at 6 months postpartum or later.

Conclusions

We named gestational thyrotoxicosis, new onset of Graves' disease during pregnancy, postpartum destructive thyrotoxicosis, and postpartum Graves' thyrotoxicosis as pregnancy-associated thyrotoxicosis. A clinically significant number of women developed Graves' disease in the postpartum period in a single thyroid centre.

http://ift.tt/2unc72n

Allergens displayed on Virus-Like Particles are highly immunogenic but fail to activate human mast cells

Abstract

The goal of allergen-specific immunotherapy is the induction of protective immune responses in the absence of anaphylactic reactions. We have previously shown that Fel d 1, the major cat allergen, displayed in a repetitive fashion on virus-like particles (VLPs) may fulfill these criteria. Specifically, Fel d 1 on VLPs induced strongly increased IgG responses compared to the free allergen in mice while anaphylactic reactions were essentially abolished. Here we extend these findings to human mast cells and offer a mechanistic explanation for the reduced anaphylactic activity. By performing allergen binding studies and cellular activation assays, we demonstrate that the inability of Fel d 1 displayed on VLPs to activate mast cells is based on a biophysical as well as a biochemical mechanism. Firstly, Fel d 1 on VLPs showed a strongly impaired ability to bind to surface-bound IgE as assessed by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) as well as flow cytometry. Secondly, despite residual binding, repetitively displayed allergen on VLPs failed to cause mast cell activation.

These findings indicate that repetitively displaying allergens on VLPs increases their immunogenicity while reducing their potential to cause anaphylactic reactions by essentially eliminating IgE-mediated activation of mast cells.

http://ift.tt/2vk6rmM

Allergens displayed on Virus-Like Particles are highly immunogenic but fail to activate human mast cells

Abstract

http://ift.tt/2vk6rmM

Characterisation and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils and plants around e-waste dismantling sites in southern China

Abstract

Environmental pollution due to primitive e-waste dismantling activities has been intensively investigated over the last decade in the south-eastern coastal region of China. In the present study, we investigated the distribution and composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils and plants around e-waste recycling sites in Longtang, Guangdong province, South China. The results indicated that PAH concentrations in rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil were in the range of 133 to 626 ng/g and 60 to 816 ng/g, respectively, while PAH levels in plant tissue were 96 to 388 ng/g in shoots and 143 to 605 ng/g in roots. PAHs were enriched in rhizosphere soils in comparison with non-rhizosphere soils. The concentrations of PAHs in plant tissues varied greatly among plant cultivars, indicating that the uptake of PAHs by plants is species-dependent. Different profiles of PAHs in the soil and the corresponding plant tissue implied that PAH uptake and translocation by plants were selective.The total daily intakes of PAHs and carcinogenic PAHs through vegetables at the e-waste recycling site were estimated to be 99 and 22 ng/kg/day, respectively, suggesting that potential health risks associated with the consumption of contaminated vegetables should not be ignored.

http://ift.tt/2un8ZPG

Doctors Say Info From Pharma Reps Is Stale

A physician survey suggests that as doctors get more information online, drug reps are falling behind in their sales pitches.
Medscape Medical News

http://ift.tt/2hDFDLc

Segmental deficiency of cervical tracheal rings masquerading as complete tracheal rings: A case report and literature review

Congenital deficiency of distal tracheal rings is a rare anomaly and has been previously reported in the literature. Here we report the first case deficient tracheal rings confined to the cervical trachea. Patient was transferred to our institution for management of what was initial thought to be complete tracheal rings. The patient was successfully managed with a tracheal resection and short segment cervical slide tracheoplasty. Presentation, surgical approach, histological findings, and literature review are described.

http://ift.tt/2vLdjMr

Novel pathogenic variants underlie SLC26A4-related hearing loss in a multiethnic cohort

The genetics of sensorineural hearing loss is characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity. Despite this heterogeneity, DNA variants found within SLC26A4 have been reported to be the second most common contributor after those of GJB2 in many populations.

http://ift.tt/2unajlD

Evaluation of migration of heavy metals and performance of product during co-pyrolysis process of municipal sewage sludge and walnut shell

Abstract

A feasible and efficient type of biological sludge-activated carbon (BSAC) was produced by co-pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) and walnut shell (4:1, w/w) at 500 °C. It was found that BSAC was typical mesoporous material with favorable pore structure and abundant surface functional groups, whose performance was improved compared with conventional sludge-activated carbon (CSAC), combined with walnut shell-activated carbon (WSAC). The migration and transformation behavior of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, and Cr) in raw material after co-pyrolysis process were investigated. The results indicated that co-pyrolysis could promote mobile fraction (acid soluble/exchangeable and reducible fractions) of heavy metals to stable fraction (oxidizable and residual fractions). The leaching concentrations Cu, Ni, Cd, Cr, and Zn were lower than restrictive standards in China, and the environmental risk assessment results showed that after co-pyrolysis, the risk levels of Cu, Ni, and Cd were decreased to low risk, especially Cr in product was confirmed to no risk.

http://ift.tt/2vMIQ1c

Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

! # Ola via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader

Η λίστα ιστολογίων μου

Τρίτη 8 Αυγούστου 2017

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