Cancer of unknown primary site is still a demanding condition as it is per definition metastatic, with heterogeneous biological behavior, and it is often resistant to therapy. Cancer of unknown primary site ac...
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Κυριακή 26 Μαρτίου 2017
The undifferentiated carcinoma that became a melanoma: Re-biopsy of a cancer of an unknown primary site: a case report
Second primary melanoma on a patient undergoing vemurafenib therapy. A case report
Abstract
Background
Several side effects have been reported during treatment with vemurafenib, including multiple benign lesions and, less frequently, atypical melanocytic proliferations and second primary melanomas.
Methods
A 46-year-old man undergoing vemurafenib therapy for metastatic malignant melanoma was clinically and dermoscopically monitored using total-body mapping.
Results
During BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) treatment, the patient developed atypical melanocytic lesions and particularly secondary primary melanoma.
Conclusions
Secondary melanomas are usually diagnosed during the early disease stage, and no case of advanced melanomas is reported in the literature, mostly due to careful surveillance in BRAFi-treated patients.
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Clinical characteristics and follow-up results of 12 cases of paradoxical embolism
Publication date: June 2017
Source:Data in Brief, Volume 12
Author(s): Hong-liang Zhang, Zhi-hong Liu, Qin Luo, Yong Wang, Zhi-hui Zhao, Chang-ming Xiong
This article contains the clinical characteristics of the paradoxical embolized patients and the following up results. Data included are related to the article "Paradoxical embolism: Experiences from a single center" (Zhang Hong-liang, Liu Zhi-hong, Luo Qin, Wang Yong, Zhao Zhi-hui, Xiong Chang-ming, in press) [1]. The data are obtained from the hospital records and telephone interview.
http://ift.tt/2nlTIw3
Data on the effects of anti-cancer drug of resveratrol in breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 cells
Publication date: June 2017
Source:Data in Brief, Volume 12
Author(s): Eunmi Park
The data here is related to the article, "Curcumin enhances poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor sensitivity to chemotherapy in breast cancer cells" (Y.E Choi, and E. Park, 2015) [1]. The article shows that curcumin, as a natural bioactive compound, enhanced DNA damage response and induced cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells [1]. This data includes that breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 respond to DNA damage after UV irradiation, post to resveratrol treatment. The data shows that resveratrol treatment results in reduction of S-phase cell cycle and induction of γ-H2AX, which is a hallmark of DNA damage after UV irradiation in breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231. Moreover, resveratrol sensitizes breast cancer cells to respond to UV treatment as a natural bioactive compound.
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Data on subgroup specific baseline characteristics and serum sphingosine-1-phosphate concentrations in the Study of Health in Pomerania
Publication date: June 2017
Source:Data in Brief, Volume 12
Author(s): Eileen Moritz, Danilo Wegner, Stefan Groß, Martin Bahls, Marcus Dörr, Stephan B. Felix, Till Ittermann, Stefan Oswald, Matthias Nauck, Nele Friedrich, Rainer H. Böger, Günter Daum, Edzard Schwedhelm, Bernhard H. Rauch
In this data article, we provide subgroup specific baseline characteristics and serum sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) concentrations for healthy individuals within the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)-TREND cohort. After exclusion of subjects with cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, elevated liver enzymes and/or chronic kidney disease stadium III or IV, four subgroups were defined according to different limits for body mass index (BMI), alterations in blood lipid levels and smoking status. Tables show respective clinical and laboratory parameters stratified by gender. Serum S1P concentrations are also stratified by age groups. The data presented herein is related to the research article entitled "Reference intervals for serum sphingosine-1-phosphate in the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania" (E. Moritz, D. Wegner, S. Groß, M. Bahls, M. Dörr, S.B. Felix, T. Ittermann, S. Oswald, M. Nauck, N. Friedrich, R.H. Böger, G. Daum, E. Schwedhelm, B.H. Rauch, Clin Chim Acta. 468 (2017) 25–31) [1].
http://ift.tt/2nm46DY
Estimation of age, growth and fishing season of a Paleolithic population of grayling (Thymallus thymallus) using scale analysis
Abstract
The fish remains sampled from archaeological sites are generally the result of human food refuse; therefore, the study of retrieved fish scales may provide reliable information on the season of capture and on paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental changes. Among Western European freshwater fishes, the grayling, Thymallus thymallus¸ has the most easily recognizable scales and is a commonly recovered species from Paleolithic contexts. This study, therefore, is based on the growth pattern analysis of modern and archaeological scales from grayling specimens. The modern specimens were collected monthly in France (n = 22), Switzerland (n = 16), Finland (n = 20) and Sweden (n = 10). Scale growth patterns were measured using numerical analysis to a high accuracy. The results showed that the archaeological population of grayling is closer to the present Finnish population. Furthermore, the comparison of seasonal growth patterns between current and archaeological European populations, demonstrated that graylings were normally captured during the spring at Le Taillis des Coteaux Magdalenian site. This type of approach can be used to understand environmental conditions at a low spatial scale, and also to help identify fishing seasons during archaeological periods.
http://ift.tt/2nm3cr4
Genome organization: Zooming in on nuclear organization
Two studies report new methods for studying the 3D genome — one captures three-way contacts and the other calculates 3D structures of genomes in single cells.
http://ift.tt/2n7P7LY
Functional variomics and network perturbation: connecting genotype to phenotype in cancer
The abundance and heterogeneity of mutations in cancer create challenges for understanding their effects, but such functional characterization will be crucial for optimizing clinical care. In this Review, the authors discuss diverse computational tools and systems biology experimental strategies for elucidating the functional effects of cancer mutations, including consequences on gene regulation, protein structure and local and global perturbations of molecular interaction networks.
http://ift.tt/2nDRrOJ
The undifferentiated carcinoma that became a melanoma: Re-biopsy of a cancer of an unknown primary site: a case report
Cancer of unknown primary site is still a demanding condition as it is per definition metastatic, with heterogeneous biological behavior, and it is often resistant to therapy. Cancer of unknown primary site ac...
http://ift.tt/2o7wGJj
The clinical significance of anti-mitotic spindle apparatus antibody (MSA) and anti-centromere antibody (ACA) detected in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
| Related Articles |
The clinical significance of anti-mitotic spindle apparatus antibody (MSA) and anti-centromere antibody (ACA) detected in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
Am J Clin Exp Immunol. 2017;6(2):21-26
Authors: Tan L, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Li H, Chen J, Ming F, Wang W, Yu J, Zeng T, Tian Y, Wu Y
Abstract
PURPOSE: The project is aimed to detect anti-mitotic spindle apparatus antibody (MSA) and anti-centromere antibody (ACA) and explore the clinical value for the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), providing clinical evidence for molecular studies of SCLC.
METHODS: 93 SCLC patients, 208 patients with other cancers and 50 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. MSA antibodies were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MSA, ACA and anti nuclear antibodies (ANA) were examined by indirect immuno-fluorescence (IIF). And the results were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS: ① the positivity for MSA and ACA by IIF assay was respectively 36.56% and 30.11% in SCLC group, higher than in other tumor groups (P<0.01), ② in correlative analysis, the RR (Relative Ratio) value between MSA and SCLC was as high as 12.93, 12.74, and the RR value of ACA and ANA with SCLC was respectively 4.31 and 3.48. ③ the area under ROC (Receiver operating characteristic) curve (AUC) of MSA detection for SCLC was 0.778, with medium diagnostic value.
CONCLUSION: MSA and ACA might serve as a new marker for SCLC because of its high detection rate. These two markers may participate in the occurrence and development of SCLC, resulting from the highly strong risk. So, the study have some application value for early detection, clinical diagnosis and potential treatments of SCLC.
PMID: 28337388 [PubMed]
http://ift.tt/2mGfiOI
Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in children with malaria in Franceville, Gabon.
| Related Articles |
Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in children with malaria in Franceville, Gabon.
Am J Clin Exp Immunol. 2017;6(2):9-20
Authors: Oyegue-Liabagui SL, Bouopda-Tuedom AG, Kouna LC, Maghendji-Nzondo S, Nzoughe H, Tchitoula-Makaya N, Pegha-Moukandja I, Lekana-Douki JB
Abstract
Severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria anemia (SMA) is a major cause of mortality in pediatric wards. Variations in inflammatory mediator production play an essential role in disease outcomes. Indeed, several studies have shown the involvement of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 in malaria immunopathology. In other hand the exact role of Th17 cytokines such as IL-17, IL-22 and IL-21 in malaria remains poorly documented. Here, we investigated IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-10, IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22 and IL-21 circulating levels and their association with malaria anemia and parasitemia in Gabonese children. Levels of IFN-γ (500 ± 100.2 pg/ml), IL-6 (64 ± 14.2 pg/ml), IL-10 (505 ± 35 pg/ml), IL-13 (30.6 ± 5.6 pg/ml) were significantly higher (P < 0.03) in infected children than in uninfected controls (210 ± 20 pg/ml, 17.5 pg/ml, 50 ± 25.9, pg/ml, 17.48 pg/ml, respectively). IFN-γ levels were significantly lower (P = 0.04) in children with SMA (400 ± 200 pg/ml) than in those with uncomplicated malaria (900 ± 450 pg/ml) and higher in those with parasitemia (P = 0.019). Levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly higher in children with malarial anemia (P < 0.001) and hyperparasitemia (P < 0.0001). A significant association between IL-10 levels and parasite density was observed (P < 0.00001). IL-22 levels were significantly higher (P = 0.01) in infected children (72.57 ± 7.5 pg/ml) than in the controls (54.96 ± 1.93 pg/ml). IL-21 levels (44.46 ± 17.27 pg/ml) decreased with the severity of anemia (P < 0.05), whereas IL-17 levels increased in children with SMA (12.25 ± 1.25 pg/ml) than in those with mild malaria anemia (MMA: 6.2 ± 5.25 pg/ml, P = 0.002). Data suggest possible role of IFN-γ in the protection against SMA and parasite clearance. However, IL-6 and IL-10 could play a role in inflammatory response and pathophysiology of severe malaria anemia. Also, the role of IL-22 and IL-17 in P. falciparum malaria infection should be investigated.
PMID: 28337387 [PubMed]
http://ift.tt/2nB7Wex
Lichenoid folliculitis, a unifying concept
Abstract
Skin diseases presenting with keratotic papules, atrophy, cicatricial alopecia, and/or "lichenoid" histopathologic changes have been described under at least 30 names. This family of diseases contains two subgroups, largely based on clinical features: keratosis pilaris atrophicans (KPA; including keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei/ulerythema ophryogenes, atrophoderma vermiculata , and keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans); and the lichen planopilaris (LPP) subgroup (including LPP, frontal fibrosing alopecia, Graham-Little-Piccardi-Lassueur Syndrome, and fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution). An interface dermatitis with lichenoid inflammation is characteristic of the LPP group of disorders, but the literature provides scant information about the histopathology of the KPA group. Our experience has been that the two subgroups show a unifying histologic similarity as well as considerable clinical overlap. Since these conditions overlap clinically and histologically, we propose that the term lichenoid folliculitis (LF) be used to refer to this group of diseases, thus simplifying cumbersome nomenclature and highlighting the possibility of shared pathogenesis and treatment options.
http://ift.tt/2nDni26
Clinical Thyroidology High-Impact Articles
FREE ACCESS through April 7, 2017.
Read Now:
Multimodality Treatment with Surgery, External-Beam Radiation, and Chemotherapy Improves Survival for Selected Patients with Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
Masha J. Livhits, Michael W. Yeh
Active Surveillance of Small, Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Cancers Can Be a Safe Alternative to Surgery in Selected Patients
Angela M. Leung
Large NIFTP Have a Very Low Risk of Recurrence
Jerome M. Hershman
The post Clinical Thyroidology High-Impact Articles appeared first on American Thyroid Association.
http://ift.tt/2nqztPz
Clinical Thyroidology High-Impact Articles
FREE ACCESS through April 7, 2017.
Read Now:
Multimodality Treatment with Surgery, External-Beam Radiation, and Chemotherapy Improves Survival for Selected Patients with Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
Masha J. Livhits, Michael W. Yeh
Active Surveillance of Small, Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Cancers Can Be a Safe Alternative to Surgery in Selected Patients
Angela M. Leung
Large NIFTP Have a Very Low Risk of Recurrence
Jerome M. Hershman
The post Clinical Thyroidology High-Impact Articles appeared first on American Thyroid Association.
http://ift.tt/2nqztPz
Sex steroids and the GH axis: Implications for the management of hypopituitarism
Publication date: Available online 14 March 2017
Source:Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Author(s): Vita Birzniece, Ken K.Y. Ho
Growth hormone (GH) regulates somatic growth, substrate metabolism and body composition. Sex hormones exert profound effect on the secretion and action of GH. Estrogens stimulate the secretion of GH, but inhibit the action of GH on the liver, an effect that occurs when administered orally. Estrogens suppress GH receptor signaling by stimulating the expression proteins that inhibit cytokine receptor signaling. This effect of estrogens is avoided when physiological doses of estrogens are administered via a non-oral route. Estrogen-like compounds, such as selective estrogen receptor modulators, possess dual properties of inhibiting the secretion as well as the action of GH. In contrast, androgens stimulate GH secretion, driving IGF-1 production. In the periphery, androgens enhance the action of GH. The differential effects of estrogens and androgens influence the dose of GH replacement in patients with hypopituitarism on concomitant treatment with sex steroids. Where possible, a non-oral route of estrogen replacement is recommended for optimizing cost-benefit of GH replacement in women with GH deficiency. Adequate androgen replacement in conjunction with GH replacement is required to achieve the full anabolic effect in men with hypopituitarism.
http://ift.tt/2nqOoco
THE MAYAK WORKER DOSIMETRY SYSTEM (MWDS-2013): AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DOCUMENTATION.
| Related Articles |
THE MAYAK WORKER DOSIMETRY SYSTEM (MWDS-2013): AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DOCUMENTATION.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Mar 17;:1-4
Authors: Napier BA
Abstract
The reconstruction of radiation doses to Mayak Production Association workers in central Russia supports radiation epidemiological studies for the U.S.-Russian Joint Coordinating Committee on Radiation Effects Research. The most recent version of the dosimetry was performed with the Mayak Worker Dosimetry System-2013. This introduction outlines the logic and general content of the series of articles presented in this issue of Radiation Protection Dosimetry. The articles summarize the models, describe the basis for most of the key decisions made in developing the models and present an overview of the results.
PMID: 28338990 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2nVA5gS
A MULTI-ELEMENT THICK GAS ELECTRON MULTIPLIER-BASED MICRODOSEMETER FOR MEASUREMENT OF NEUTRONS DOSE-EQUIVALENT: A MONTE CARLO STUDY.
| Related Articles |
A MULTI-ELEMENT THICK GAS ELECTRON MULTIPLIER-BASED MICRODOSEMETER FOR MEASUREMENT OF NEUTRONS DOSE-EQUIVALENT: A MONTE CARLO STUDY.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Mar 14;:1-7
Authors: Moslehi A, Raisali G
Abstract
To determine the dose-equivalent of neutrons in an extended energy range, in the present work a multi-element thick gas electron multiplier-based microdosemeter made of PMMA (Perspex) walls of 10 mm in thickness is designed. Each cavity is filled with the propane-based tissue-equivalent (TE) gas simulating 1 µm of tissue. Also, a few weight fractions of 3He are assumed to be added to the TE gas. The dose-equivalents are determined for 11 neutron energies between thermal and 14 MeV using the lineal energy distributions calculated by Geant4 simulation toolkit and also the lineal energy-based quality factors. The results show that by adding 0.04% of 3He to the TE gas in each cavity, an energy-independent dose-equivalent response within 30% uncertainty around a median value of 0.91 in the above energy range is achieved. It is concluded that after its construction, the studied microdosemeter can be used to measure the dose-equivalent of neutrons, favorably.
PMID: 28338980 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2nVbwAY
COMPARING MEASURED AND CALCULATED DOSES IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY PROCEDURES.
| Related Articles |
COMPARING MEASURED AND CALCULATED DOSES IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY PROCEDURES.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Mar 16;:1-5
Authors: Oliveira da Silva MW, Canevaro LV, Hunt J, Rodrigues BB
Abstract
Interventional cardiology requires complex procedures and can result in high doses and dose rates to the patient and medical staff. The many variables that influence the dose to the patient and staff include the beam position and angle, beam size, kVp, filtration, kerma-area product and focus-skin distance. A number of studies using the Monte Carlo method have been undertaken to obtain prospective dose assessments. In this paper, detailed irradiation scenarios were simulated mathematically and the resulting dose estimates were compared with real measurements made previously under very similar irradiation conditions and geometries. The real measurements and the calculated doses were carried out using or simulating an interventional cardiology system with a flat monoplane detector installed in a dedicated room with an Alderson phantom placed on the procedure table. The X-ray spectra, beam angles, focus-skin distance, measured kerma-area product and filtration were simulated, and the real dose measurements and calculated doses were compared. It was shown that the Monte Carlo method was capable of reproducing the real dose measurements within acceptable levels of uncertainty.
PMID: 28338948 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2nVdXTL
FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC EXPOSURE USING CCD IMAGING TECHNIQUE FOR Caso4:Dy TL DOSEMETERS.
| Related Articles |
FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC EXPOSURE USING CCD IMAGING TECHNIQUE FOR Caso4:Dy TL DOSEMETERS.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Mar 02;:1-7
Authors: Srivastava K, Soin S, Sapra BK, Ratna P, Datta D
Abstract
The occupational exposure incurred by the radiation workers due to the external radiation is estimated using personal dosemeter placed on the human body during the monitoring period. In certain situations, it is required to determine whether the dosemeter alone was exposed accidentally/intentionally in radiation field (static exposure) or was exposed while being worn by a worker moving in his workplace (dynamic exposure). The present thermoluminscent (TL) based personnel monitoring systems are not capable of distinguishing between the above stated (static and dynamic) exposure conditions. The feasibility of a new methodology developed using the charge coupled device based imaging technique for identification of the static/dynamic exposure of CaSO4:Dy based TL detectors for low energy photons has been investigated. The techniques for the qualitative and the quantitative assessments of the exposure conditions are presented in this paper.
PMID: 28338940 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2nVlyBU
ALTERNATIVE FIGURES-OF-MERIT IN DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY.
| Related Articles |
ALTERNATIVE FIGURES-OF-MERIT IN DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Mar 14;:1-12
Authors: Borg M, Konstantinidis A
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the use of a quality (Q) factor in digital mammography as a figure-of-merit. Q factors take a reference value into account and can be compared to a theoretical value. They are also intended to summarise the performance of any unit based on a number. The mean glandular dose (MGD)-normalised Q factors were also introduced based on the relationship of the Q factors with MGD. Interestingly, the automatic exposure control exposures did not render the maximum normalised Q factor values as expected, which could indicate the need for further optimisation. It was also noted that the Q factors and the CDMAM-related quality parameters can be confidently predicted for a given MGD which in turn may be compared to the measured values. This might be another way to consider or perform optimisation in digital mammography.
PMID: 28338934 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2nVe81q
PERFORMANCE TESTS OF ACTIVE PERSONAL DOSEMETER DEVELOPED BY ÇNRTC/NEL.
| Related Articles |
PERFORMANCE TESTS OF ACTIVE PERSONAL DOSEMETER DEVELOPED BY ÇNRTC/NEL.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Mar 01;:1-8
Authors: Yasar D, Kapdan E, Korkmaz M
Abstract
The Active personal dosemeter (APD) developed by Çekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center/Nuclear Electronic Laboratory (ÇNRTC/NEL) was calibrated at the reference radiation quality (137Cs). The performance tests were carried out with 137Cs, 60Co and X-ray beam qualities in compliance with the standards of International Organization for Standardization ISO4037-1,3 and The International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC61526:2010. Response of the personal dose equivalent was observed to be within the range from -7.6% to +4.2%. The dose equivalent rates were observed with the maximum deviation -26.8% for 0.1 mSv h-1 and within the range from -2.3% to +10.1% for dose rates over 0.5 mSv h-1. It is found that the APDs have lower readings up to 50% for 33 keV photons and perform a distribution in the acceptable limits for over 33 keV. Angular dependence was tested at 0°, ±30° and ±60° in orthogonal plane and the angular dependence of the APDs is within acceptable limits except N40.
PMID: 28338929 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2nVseA3
WORK PRACTICES AND RADIATION EXPOSURE AMONG MALE RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS ASSISTING FLUOROSCOPICALLY GUIDED INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES.
| Related Articles |
WORK PRACTICES AND RADIATION EXPOSURE AMONG MALE RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS ASSISTING FLUOROSCOPICALLY GUIDED INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Mar 03;:1-7
Authors: Yun JW, Cha ES, Ko S, Lee WJ
Abstract
This study investigated occupational characteristics and radiation exposure among radiologic technologists assisting fluoroscopically guided interventional (FGI) procedures. A nationwide survey of radiologic technologists in South Korea was conducted. Among 8058 male respondents, 664 (8.2%) assisted FGI procedures. The survey data were linked with dosimetry data from the National Dose Registry. Most radiologic technologists assisting FGI procedures were 30-40 years old and employed by general hospitals. These technologists worked in closer proximity to patients during procedures, less frequently used shield screens, more commonly utilized protective devices, and less commonly wore badge dosemeters than the ones not assisting FGI procedures. The average annual effective dose did not differ according to the performance of FGI procedures. The average cumulative effective dose among radiologic technologists assisting FGI procedures was significantly greater for those who had recently entered the field and personnel in rural areas than for those who did not assist these procedures.
PMID: 28338899 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2nVA50m
ESTABLISHMENT OF RADIATION DOSES FOR PEDIATRIC X-RAY EXAMINATIONS IN A LARGE PEDIATRIC HOSPITAL IN TURKEY.
| Related Articles |
ESTABLISHMENT OF RADIATION DOSES FOR PEDIATRIC X-RAY EXAMINATIONS IN A LARGE PEDIATRIC HOSPITAL IN TURKEY.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Feb 25;:1-7
Authors: Olgar T, Sahmaran T
Abstract
Pediatric patients are more sensitive to ionizing radiation when compared with adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiation doses for some common pediatric x-ray examinations performed with various digital radiography systems. Quality control tests of the digital radiography systems were carried out according to international published protocols before the pediatric dose measurements. Radiation dose measurement was performed by using the x-ray tube outputs and thermoluminescent dosimeter dose measurement methods. In the present study, radiation doses were assessed for 247 chest, 230 pelvis, 194 skull and 73 abdomen x-ray examinations and in total 744 pediatric patients doses were measured. Pediatric patients were classified into four age groups 0-1, 1-5, 5-10 and 10-15 years as given by European Commission guidance. Effective doses were determined for each examination using a PCXMC 2.0 Monte Carlo program. The mean measured entrance skin doses for the age interval 1-5 years and AP projection by using tube output measurement methods were 149 µGy for chest, 304 µGy for pelvis, 387 µGy for skull and 199 µGy for abdomen examinations. The radiation dose results obtained in this study were in the range of the published results in the literature.
PMID: 28338894 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2nVjhGT
Measuring Occupational Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Electric Fields at 220 kV Substations.
| Related Articles |
Measuring Occupational Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Electric Fields at 220 kV Substations.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Mar 03;:1-4
Authors: Pirkkalainen H, Heiskanen T, Tonteri J, Elovaara J, Mika P, Korpinen L
Abstract
Earlier studies conducted at 400 and 110 kV substations in Finland have shown that the occupational exposure to electric fields can exceed the action levels (ALs) set by Directive 2013/35/EU. This is a case study investigating the level of occupational exposure experienced by workers at 220 kV substations in order to determine if the actions levels are being exceeded. The measurements were conducted at two old 220 kV substations in Finland. The higher AL of 20 kV m-1 was exceeded at both substations.
PMID: 28338889 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2n6mf7D
MEASUREMENT OF ABSORPTION DOSE OUTSIDE IRRADIATION FIELD IN IMRT.
| Related Articles |
MEASUREMENT OF ABSORPTION DOSE OUTSIDE IRRADIATION FIELD IN IMRT.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Mar 03;:1-9
Authors: Hirata M, Monzen H, Hanaoka K, Nishimura Y
Abstract
The absorption dose outside the irradiation field for prostate intensity-modulated radiation therapy was measured and evaluated by comparison with calculated values of radiation treatment planning system (TPS). The values of TPS calculated were using Varian CLINAC21EX/Eclipse and TomoTherapy Planning System for constant irradiation time. The absorption dose was measured by placing a glass-element dosemeter in a human-bone enclosure phantom with a planning target volume inside the irradiation field. The organs at risk were the rectum, spinal cord, thyroid, eyeball and the left lung. The calculated values of TPS, Varian CLINAC21EX/Eclipse and TomoTherapy Planning System were calculated, up to 17 and 55 cm from the isocenter, respectively. The absorbed dose outside the irradiation field diverged with increased distance from the isocenter (Varian/Eclipse: p = 0.03, TomoTherapy Planning System: p = 0.25). The calculated values for the absorbed dose outside the irradiation field were underestimated.
PMID: 28338869 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2nlsDJu
EFFECTS OF FIELD SIZE AND DEPTH ON PHOTONEUTRON DOSE EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTIONS IN AN 18 MV X-RAY MEDICAL ACCELERATOR.
| Related Articles |
EFFECTS OF FIELD SIZE AND DEPTH ON PHOTONEUTRON DOSE EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTIONS IN AN 18 MV X-RAY MEDICAL ACCELERATOR.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Mar 01;:1-11
Authors: Hakimi A, Sohrabi M, Rabie Mahdavi S
Abstract
Photoneutron (PN) dosimetry studies in high-energy X-ray medical accelerators are of high clinical and scientific interest in particular to protect patients undergoing radiotherapy. In this context, fast, epithermal and thermal PN dose equivalent distributions in different field sizes and depths in air and in a multilayer polyethylene phantom were studied. Polycarbonate track dosemeters in contact with a 10B convertor (with or without cadmium cover) when electrochemically etched were applied. PN dose equivalents in air and on the surface of the phantom are linear functions of field size. PN depth dose equivalents versus depth in air at the central axis are almost constant. Fast, epithermal and thermal PN dose equivalent responses versus depth in phantom peak respectively at 0.0, ~3.0 and ~3.0 cm while that of the sum PN dose equivalent value (3.32 ± 0.19 mSv·Gy-1) peaks at ~1 cm. These values confirm those of some studies but contract some others.
PMID: 28338868 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2n8dyKl
Operculina turpethum extract inhibits growth and proliferation by inhibiting NF-κB, COX-2 and cyclin D1 and induces apoptosis by up regulating P53 in oral cancer cells
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 80
Author(s): Ritu Arora, Vijaya Bharti, Poonam Gaur, Sadhna Aggarwal, Manasi Mittal, Satya N. Das
ObjectivesHerbal drugs are popularly emerging as complementary and alternative medicines in cancer patients because of their cost effectiveness and minimal side-effects. The extract of Operculina turpethum (OT) is known to have antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and purgative properties. Since it is popularly known have antiinflammatory activity, we investigated its anti-tumor activity on four oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (OSCC) namely, (SCC-4, KB, SCC-9 and SCC-25).DesignAntitumor activities of Operculina turpathum extract (OTE) was investigated by MTT and clonogenic assay, effect on cell cycle and apoptosis induction by Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry and invasive potential of the tumor was determined by matrigel assay. The expression of various proteins involved in these mechanisms was analysed by western blotting.ResultsOTE specifically inhibited the growth and colony formation of OSCC cells in a dose-dependent manner via inhibiting NF-κB and its downstream target COX-2. It further arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase by inhibiting cyclin-D1 and induced early apoptosis by up-regulating P53 in OSCC cells. It also limits the invasion capacity of OSCC cells by up to 55–60%.ConclusionsOTE shows antitumor activities in OSCC cells by inhibiting NF-κB, COX-2 and cyclin D1 and upregulation of p53 expression. It may be developed as a safe and promising alternative chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agent for oral cancer.
http://ift.tt/2ol5sxU
ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC EXPOSURE FORM WLANS IN THE WEST BANK-PALESTINE.
| Related Articles |
ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC EXPOSURE FORM WLANS IN THE WEST BANK-PALESTINE.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Mar 03;:1-5
Authors: Lahham A, Sharabati A, ALMasri H
Abstract
A total of 271 measurements were conducted at 69 different sites including homes, hospitals, educational institutions and other public places to assess the exposure to radiofrequency emission from wireless local area networks (WLANs). Measurements were conducted at different distances from 40 to 10 m from the access points (APs) in real life conditions using Narda SRM-3000 selective radiation meter. Three measurements modes were considered at 1 m distance from the AP which are transmit mode, idle mode, and from the client card (laptop computer). All measurements were conducted indoor in the West Bank environment. Power density levels from WLAN systems were found to vary from 0.001 to ~1.9 μW cm-2 with an average of 0.12 μW cm-2. Maximum value found was in university environment, while the minimum was found in schools. For one measurement case where the AP was 20 cm far while transmitting large files, the measured power density reached a value of ~4.5 μW cm-2. This value is however 221 times below the general public exposure limit recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, which was not exceeded in any case. Measurements of power density at 1 m around the laptop resulted in less exposure than the AP in both transmit and idle modes as well. Specific absorption rate for the head of the laptop user was estimated and found to vary from 0.1 to 2 mW/kg. The frequency distribution of measured power densities follows a log-normal distribution which is generally typical in the assessment of exposure resulting from sources of radiofrequency emissions.
PMID: 28338865 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2n8gcjc
CALCULATION OF SKIN DOSE DUE TO BETA CONTAMINATION USING THE NEW QUANTITY OF THE ICRP 116: THE 'LOCAL SKIN DOSE'.
| Related Articles |
CALCULATION OF SKIN DOSE DUE TO BETA CONTAMINATION USING THE NEW QUANTITY OF THE ICRP 116: THE 'LOCAL SKIN DOSE'.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Mar 01;:1-15
Authors: Bourgois L, Ménard S, Comte N
Abstract
Values of the new protection quantity 'Local Skin Dose' LSD, introduced by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 116, were calculated for 134 β- or β+ emitting radionuclides, using the Monte Carlo code MCNP6. Two types of source geometry are considered: a point source and disc-type surface contamination (the source is placed in contact with the skin). This new protection quantity is compared with the operational quantity H'(0.07,0°), leading us to conclude that, in accordance with the rules of the ICRP, the operational quantity over-estimates the protection quantity to a reasonable extent, except in very rare cases for very low average beta energies. Thus, with the new skin model described in ICRP 116, there are no longer any major differences between the operational quantities and protection quantities estimated with the skin model described in ICRP 74.
PMID: 28338860 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2n8suYA
The clinicopathologic relevance of RECK gene polymorphisms in ameloblastoma
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 79
Author(s): Xudong Zhang, Jie Wang, Huijuan Liu, Yanning Zhang, Fusheng Dong
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between RECK gene polymorphisms and the clinicopathologic features of ameloblastoma.DesignNormal gingival mucosa specimens were obtained from 10 healthy volunteers. Ameloblastomas were surgically removed from 30 patients and part of the tumor specimens were used to detect RECK gene polymorphisms by using PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing analysis. Expression of RECK and MMP-9 protein was measured using western blot.ResultsThe overall SNP rate was 46.7% (14/30). Four polymorphisms were detected in exon 9, 11, 13, 15 of the RECK gene: two synonymous (P520P and R625R) and two missense SNPs (V275I and I395V). RECK protein expression in specimens with minor RECK SNPs was lower than that in specimens without RECK SNPs (P<0.05), and, RECK protein expression in specimens with and without RECK SNPs was lower than that in the normal gingiva specimens (P<0.05). MMP-9 protein expression in specimens with minor RECK SNPs was higher than that in specimens without RECK SNPs (P<0.05), and MMP-9 protein expression in specimens with and without RECK SNPs was higher than that in normal gingiva specimens (P<0.05). RECK gene polymorphisms were closely associated with active proliferation, capsular invasion, and clinical recurrence of ameloblastoma.ConclusionThe rs16932912(G/A) SNP in the RECK gene was closely associated with active proliferation, capsular invasion, and clinical recurrence of ameloblastoma. RECK protein expression was closely associated with the presence of the rs16932912(G/A) SNP.
http://ift.tt/2mFllTO
COMPARISON OF THE PERIPHERAL DOSES FROM DIFFERENT IMRT TECHNIQUES FOR PEDIATRIC HEAD AND NECK RADIATION THERAPY.
| Related Articles |
COMPARISON OF THE PERIPHERAL DOSES FROM DIFFERENT IMRT TECHNIQUES FOR PEDIATRIC HEAD AND NECK RADIATION THERAPY.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Feb 25;:1-9
Authors: Toyota M, Saigo Y, Higuchi K, Fujimura T, Koriyama C, Yoshiura T, Akiba S
Abstract
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) can deliver high and homogeneous doses to the target area while limiting doses to organs at risk. We used a pediatric phantom to simulate the treatment of a head and neck tumor in a child. The peripheral doses were examined for three different IMRT techniques [dynamic multileaf collimator (DMLC), segmental multileaf collimator (SMLC) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)]. Peripheral doses were evaluated taking thyroid, breast, ovary and testis as the points of interest. Doses were determined using a radio-photoluminescence glass dosemeter, and the COMPASS system was used for three-dimensional dose evaluation. VMAT achieved the lowest peripheral doses because it had the highest monitor unit efficiency. However, doses in the vicinity of the irradiated field, i.e. the thyroid, could be relatively high, depending on the VMAT collimator angle. DMLC and SMLC had a large area of relatively high peripheral doses in the breast region.
PMID: 28338854 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2nlHG5z
RADIOLOGICAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT FOR WORKERS IN CERAMIC INDUSTRY IN SERBIA.
| Related Articles |
RADIOLOGICAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT FOR WORKERS IN CERAMIC INDUSTRY IN SERBIA.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Mar 03;:1-7
Authors: Todorovic N, Mrda D, Hansman J, Todorovic S, Nikolov J, Krmar M
Abstract
Studies have been carried out to determine the natural radioactivity in some materials used in ceramic industry (zircon, zirkosil, Zircobit MO/S, zircon silicate, zirklonil frit, hematite, bentonite, wollastonite, raw kaolin, kaolinized granite, sileks ball, feldspar, pigment, white base serigraphic, engobe) and their associated radiation hazard. The external hazard index, Hex, values, radium equivalent activity, Raeq, total absorbed dose rates, D and annual effective dose, De were derived for all measured materials and compared with the recommended values to assess the external radiation hazards to workers who worked in ceramic industries in Serbia.
PMID: 28338853 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2n8uiRs
Immunohistochemical expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in mucoepidermoid carcinoma compared to normal salivary gland tissues
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 79
Author(s): Noura M. Kamal, Hend M. Salem, Heba M. Dahmoush
ObjectivesMucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor which displays biological, histological and clinical diversity thus representing a challenge for its diagnosis and management. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein identified as a tumor specific antigen due to its frequent overexpression in the majority of epithelial carcinomas and its correlation with prognosis. It is considered to be a promising biomarker used as a therapeutic target already in ongoing clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern, cellular characterization and level of EpCAM expression in MEC and demonstrate its correlation with histologic grading which may benefit future clinical trials using EpCAM targeted therapy.Materials and methods48 specimens (12 normal salivary gland tissue and 36 MEC) were collected and EpCAM membranous expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Total immunoscore (TIS) was evaluated, the term 'EpCAM overexpression' was given for tissues showing a total immunoscore >4.ResultsA highly significant difference was observed between TIS percent values in control and different grades of MEC (p<0.001). High grade MEC (HG-MEC) was the highest EpCAM expressor. In addition, EpCAM expression pattern differed among the different grades.ConclusionEpCAM expression was detected in MEC, and its overexpression correlated with increasing the histological grade. The diffuse membranous expression in HG-MEC could be of diagnostic value in relation to the patchy expression observed in both low grade and intermediate grade MEC.
http://ift.tt/2ol26LF
THE GROWTH OF BIOSTATISTICS AND ESTIMATION OF CANCER RISK ESTIMATES: PAST, CURRENT, AND FUTURE CHALLENGES.
| Related Articles |
THE GROWTH OF BIOSTATISTICS AND ESTIMATION OF CANCER RISK ESTIMATES: PAST, CURRENT, AND FUTURE CHALLENGES.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Mar 02;:1-4
Authors: Preston DL, Stram DO
Abstract
There has been a long process of growth and development of statistical approaches to the analysis of cancer incidence and mortality data obtained from the follow-up of radiation exposed populations. The challenges of radiation risk analysis provided impetus for innovative statistical methods, including, the inception and continued improvement of hazard rate regression methods. Key statistical contributions that improved cancer risk estimation include statistical advances pertaining to the measurement error problem. Current statistical problems involve extensions of the measurement error methods to account for shared non-independent uncertainties in dose estimation, 'transportability' of risk coefficients for radioprotection and risk estimation world-wide, and extrapolation from high dose rate to low-dose rate exposures or from low LET to high LET. Future problems include quantification of individual sensitivity to radiation-related diseases due to individual genetic differences (or other factors), and in understanding the synergy (additive, multiplicative, etc.) between underlying individual risk and radiation exposure.
PMID: 28338852 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2n8cGVU
PATIENT EXPOSURE DURING PLAIN RADIOGRAPHY AND MAMMOGRAPHY IN JAPAN IN 1974-2014.
| Related Articles |
PATIENT EXPOSURE DURING PLAIN RADIOGRAPHY AND MAMMOGRAPHY IN JAPAN IN 1974-2014.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Mar 01;:1-7
Authors: Matsunaga Y, Kawaguchi A, Kobayashi K, Kobayashi M, Asada Y, Minami K, Suzuki S, Chida K
Abstract
We investigated changes in the entrance skin dose (ESD) and the mean glandular dose (MGD) during plain radiography or mammography in Japan from 1974 to 2014. Surveys regarding the conditions used for plain radiography and mammography were performed throughout Japan in 1974, 1979, 1989, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2011 and 2014. The anatomical regions considered were categorised as follows: skull anteroposterior (AP), lumbar AP, lumbar lateral (LAT), pelvis (AP), ankle, chest posteroanterior (PA), Guthmann (lateral pelviography for pregnant women), infant hip joint and mammography. The doses for all anatomical regions decreased from 1974 to 1993. The MGD for mammography remained low from 1993 to 2014, and the ESDs for chest (PA) radiography trended upward. After the 2000s, the use of digital imaging increased in Japan. This is the first long-term study to examine changes in ESDs and MGDs in Japan.
PMID: 28338846 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2n8sGan
Personal Exposimeter for Radiation Assessment in Real Environments in the 60-GHz Band.
| Related Articles |
Personal Exposimeter for Radiation Assessment in Real Environments in the 60-GHz Band.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Feb 25;:1-6
Authors: Aminzadeh R, Thielens A, Li H, Leduc C, Zhadobov M, Torfs G, Bauwelinck J, Martens L, Joseph W
Abstract
For the first time, a personal exposimeter (PEX) for 60 GHz radiation measurements is presented. The PEX is designed based on numerical simulations and both on-body and on-phantom calibration measurements to determine the antenna aperture and measurement uncertainty of the PEX. The measurement uncertainty of the PEX is quantified in terms of 50 and 95% prediction intervals of its response. A PEX consisting of three nodes (antennas) with VHH (vertical-horizontal-horizontal) polarization results in a 95% prediction interval of 6.6 dB. A 50% prediction interval of 1.3 dB (factor of 1.3) is obtained for measured power densities which is 3.1 dB lower than a single antenna experiment. The uncertainty is 19.7 dB smaller than that of existing commercial exposimeters at lower frequencies (≤6GHz).
PMID: 28338842 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2n8nKlV
Expression of circadian core clock genes in fibroblasts of human gingiva and periodontal ligament is modulated by L-Mimosine and hypoxia in monolayer and spheroid cultures
Publication date: July 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 79
Author(s): Klara Janjić, Christoph Kurzmann, Andreas Moritz, Hermann Agis
ObjectiveThe circadian clock is involved in a plethora of physiological processes including bone formation and tooth development. While expression of circadian core clock genes was observed in various tissues, their role in the periodontium is unclear. We hypothesized that periodontal cells express circadian core clock genes and that their levels are modulated by hypoxia mimetic agents and hypoxia.Material and methodsFibroblasts of human gingiva (GF) and periodontal ligament (PDLF) in monolayer and spheroid cultures were treated with the hypoxia mimetic agent L-Mimosine (L-MIM) or hypoxia. Reverse transcription and quantitative PCR were performed to assess the impact on mRNA levels of the circadian core clock genes Clock, Bmal1, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, Per2, and Per3.ResultsGF and PDLF expressed Clock, Bmal1, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, Per2, and Per3 in monolayer and spheroid cultures. In monolayer cultures, L-MIM significantly reduced Clock, Cry2, and Per3 mRNA expression in GF and Clock, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, and Per3 in PDLF. Hypoxia significantly reduced Clock, Cry2, and Per3 in GF and Cry1, Cry2, and Per3 in PDLF. In spheroid cultures, L-MIM significantly decreased Clock, Cry1, Cry2, and Per3 in GF and PDLF. Hypoxia significantly decreased Cry2 and Per3 in GF and Clock and Per3 in PDLF.ConclusionsGF and PDLF express circadian core clock genes. The hypoxia mimetic agent L-MIM and hypoxic conditions can decrease the expression of Clock, Cry1-2 and Per1 and Per3. The specific response depends on cell type and culture model. Future studies will show how this effect contributes to periodontal health and disease.
http://ift.tt/2oljpMs
OUT-OF-FIELD DOSE MEASUREMENTS FOR 3D CONFORMAL AND INTENSITY MODULATED RADIOTHERAPY OF A PAEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOUR.
| Related Articles |
OUT-OF-FIELD DOSE MEASUREMENTS FOR 3D CONFORMAL AND INTENSITY MODULATED RADIOTHERAPY OF A PAEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOUR.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Feb 27;:1-10
Authors: Majer M, Stolarczyk L, De Saint-Hubert M, Kabat D, Kneževic Ž, Miljanic S, Mojzeszek N, Harrison R
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to measure out-of-field organ doses in clinical conditions in anthropomorphic paediatric phantoms which received a simulated treatment of a brain tumour with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT). Organ doses measured with radiophotoluminescent and thermoluminescent dosemeters were on average 1.6 and 3.0 times higher for the 5 y-old than for the 10 y-old phantom for IMRT and 3D CRT, respectively. A larger 5-y to 10-y organ dose ratio for 3D CRT can be explained because the use of a mechanical wedge for the 5-y-old 3D CRT phantom treatment increased out-of-field doses. Due to different configurations of the radiation fields, for both phantoms, the IMRT technique resulted in a higher non-target brain dose and higher eye doses but lower thyroid doses compared to 3D CRT. For 3D CRT (which used a non-coplanar field configuration), eye doses were 3-6% and for IMRT (which used a coplanar field configuration) 27-30% of the treatment dose, respectively. For thyroid and more distant organs, doses were less than 1% of the treatment dose. Comparison of measured doses and doses calculated by the treatment planning system (TPS) showed that the TPS underestimated out-of-field doses both for IMRT and 3D CRT.
PMID: 28338841 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2nlSa5e
UNLAMINATED GAFCHROMIC EBT3 FILM FOR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION MONITORING.
| Related Articles |
UNLAMINATED GAFCHROMIC EBT3 FILM FOR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION MONITORING.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Feb 27;:1-6
Authors: Welch D, Randers-Pehrson G, Spotnitz HM, Brenner DJ
Abstract
Measurement of ultraviolet (UV) radiation is important for human health, especially with the expanded usage of short wavelength UV for sterilization purposes. This work examines unlaminated Gafchromic EBT3 film for UV radiation monitoring. The authors exposed the film to select wavelengths in the UV spectrum, ranging from 207 to 328 nm, and measured the change in optical density. The response of the film is wavelength dependent, and of the wavelengths tested, the film was most sensitive to 254 nm light, with measurable values as low as 10 µJ/cm2. The film shows a dose-dependent response that extends over more than four orders of magnitude. The response of the film to short wavelength UV is comparable to the daily safe exposure limits for humans, thus making it valuable as a tool for passive UV radiation monitoring.
PMID: 28338819 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://ift.tt/2n8mNKt
Aims & Scope/Editorial board
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 77
http://ift.tt/2mFdAwN
Narrow neovaginal width in a transgender patient due to short interramic distance
Abstract
Vaginoplasty is one of the core procedures for transgender patients. A neovaginal cavity is created between the prostate and rectum. The width of the introitus is determined by the distance between the inferior pubic rami. A 32-year-old transgender patient underwent vaginoplasty. Surgery was uneventful. When starting the dilation regimen, insertion of the usual stent was impossible since the neovagina had restricted width. A CT scan of the pelvis showed that the interramic distance, at 3.0 cm below the lower border of bony structure of the symphysis pubis, was only 3.2 cm. If a transgender patient presents with short stature, a short interramic distance may be expected. Preoperative radiological imaging should be considered. Surgeons should be equipped with adequate-size stents for postoperative dilation regimen.
Level of Evidence: Level V, risk / prognostic study
http://ift.tt/2mEYdVm
Prevalence of transverse upper labial crease
Abstract
Background
The presence or hyperactivity of the depressor septi nasi muscle has been proposed to cause a visible crease in the upper labial region that is esthetically disturbing to patients. The objective of this paper was to determine how often an upper labial crease is evident in women and to find a straightforward treatment. Muscular creases can be ameliorated with botulinum toxin. However, weakening the depressor septi nasi muscles with botulinum toxin did not eradicate existing upper labial creases at rest or during facial animation. Therefore, we proposed that a complex interplay exists between the upper labial muscles, and we sought to determine which of these muscles are responsible for the existence of the upper labial crease.
Methods
A total of 100 consecutive female volunteers who visited a plastic surgery clinic were prospectively examined. The presence and localization of the upper labial crease were assessed at rest and during animation prompted with the "smile test" and during snuffling. Additionally, the appearance and symmetry of the upper labial crease were assessed and correlated with the type of smile to identify the dominant muscles involved.
Results
In total, 38% of women older than 40 years presented with an upper labial crease at rest, and 70% presented with a crease during animation. Only one third of the women were aware that they had such a crease when they smiled. When the crease was present, it was bilateral in 98% of the women. When it was asymmetrical, which was the case for 10% of women, the fold was longer, shorter, or less visible on one half of the upper lip. The localization was highly variable and ranged from the base of the columella to the caudal third of the upper lip. When an upper labial crease was present at rest and/or during facial animation, it was associated with a type B smile, i.e., the "canine" smile, due a dominant levator labii superioris muscle.
Conclusions
This study showed that upper labial creases are present more often than women are aware of them. The injection of botulinum toxin into the levator labii superioris muscles can eradicate an upper labial crease.
Level of Evidence: Level IV, risk / prognostic study.
http://ift.tt/2okLEL5
Health assessment instruments for people with intellectual disabilities—A systematic review
Publication date: May 2017
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 64
Author(s): E.J. Bakker-van Gijssel, P.L.B.J. Lucassen, T.C Olde Hartman, L. van Son, W.J.J. Assendelft, H.M.J. van Schrojenstein Lantman-de Valk
BackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience health disparities and are less likely to undergo recommended age- and gender-specific screening and health promotion. New diagnoses are frequently missed. Assessments with the aid of health assessment instruments are a way to address these problems.AimThe aim of this review is to find the available health assessment instruments for people with ID used in primary care and evaluate their quality.MethodsWe conducted an electronic literature search of papers published between January 2000 and May 2016. After a two-phase selection process (kappa: 0.81 and 0.77) we collected data from the 29 included peer-reviewed articles on the following four domains; development, clinimetric properties (i.e. validity, reliability, feasibility, acceptability), content (i.e. ID-related health problems, prevention and health promotion topics) and effectiveness of the instruments.Results/ConclusionsWe distinguished 20 different health assessment instruments. Limited information was found on the development of the instruments as well as on their clinimetric properties. The content of the instruments was rather diverse. The included papers agreed that health assessment instruments are effective. However, only three instruments evaluated effectiveness in a randomised controlled trial. Patients with ID, carers and general practitioners (GPs) generally appreciated the health assessment instruments.ImplicationTwo instruments, "Stay well and healthy −Health risk appraisal (SWH-HRA)"and the "Comprehensive Health Assessment Programme (CHAP)", appeared to have the highest quality. These instruments can be used to construct a health assessment instrument for people with ID that meets scientific standards.
http://ift.tt/2nVctsL
SIGUEME: Technology-based intervention for low-functioning autism to train skills to work with visual signifiers and concepts
Publication date: May 2017
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 64
Author(s): María Vélez-Coto, María José Rodríguez-Fórtiz, María Luisa Rodriguez-Almendros, Marcelino Cabrera-Cuevas, Carlos Rodríguez-Domínguez, Tomás Ruiz-López, Ángeles Burgos-Pulido, Inmaculada Garrido-Jiménez, Juan Martos-Pérez
BackgroundPeople with low-functioning ASD and other disabilities often find it difficult to understand the symbols traditionally used in educational materials during the learning process. Technology-based interventions are becoming increasingly common, helping children with cognitive disabilities to perform academic tasks and improve their abilities and knowledge. Such children often find it difficult to perform certain tasks contained in educational materials since they lack necessary skills such as abstract reasoning. In order to help these children, the authors designed and created SIGUEME to train attention and the perceptual and visual cognitive skills required to work with and understand graphic materials and objects.MethodsA pre-test/post-test design was implemented to test SIGUEME. Seventy-four children with low-functioning ASD (age=13.47, SD=8.74) were trained with SIGUEME over twenty-five sessions and compared with twenty-eight children (age=12.61, SD=2.85) who had not received any intervention.ResultsThere was a statistically significant improvement in the experimental group in Attention (W=−5.497, p<0.001). There was also a significant change in Association and Categorization (W=2.721, p=0.007) and Interaction (W=−3.287, p=0.001).ConclusionsSIGUEME is an effective tool for improving attention, categorization and interaction in low-functioning children with ASD. It is also a useful and powerful instrument for teachers, parents and educators by increasing the child's motivation and autonomy.
http://ift.tt/2n84AwB
Targeted physical activity messages for parents of children with disabilities: A qualitative investigation of parents' informational needs and preferences
Publication date: May 2017
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 64
Author(s): R.L. Bassett-Gunter, R.J. Ruscitti, A.E. Latimer-Cheung, J.L. Fraser-Thomas
Background and aimPhysical activity (PA) has myriad benefits for children with disabilities (CWD). Information and messaging campaigns can promote PA among CWD. The overall purpose of the study was to gain an understanding of the development of PA information and messages targeting parents of CWD. The specific objectives were to identify parents' preferences regarding PA information and messaging content and preferred methods and sources of communication.MethodFocus groups were conducted with parents of CWD (N=28). Qualitative data were collected and transcribed. Inductive content analyses were employed to identify key themes.ResultsThree key thematic areas were identified: 1) Preferred content (e.g., targeted information, self-regulatory strategies, inclusive images), 2) Challenges (e.g., lack of information and language clarity), 3) Preferred sources (e.g., other parents, reliable organizations, central information hub).Conclusions and implicationsParents' needs and preferences regarding PA information could be incorporated into campaigns to enhance parent PA support and PA among CWD. Stakeholders (e.g., PA organizations, programs and practitioners) can employ these strategies in campaigns and resources targeting parents of CWD. Research is necessary to empirically develop and evaluate PA information and messaging campaigns targeting parents of CWD.
http://ift.tt/2nUSeeI
Cognitive behavioural therapy and mindfulness based stress reduction may be equally effective in reducing anxiety and depression in adults with autism spectrum disorders
Publication date: May 2017
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 64
Author(s): Bram B. Sizoo, Erik Kuiper
Anxiety and depression co-occur in 50–70% of adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but treatment methods for these comorbid problems have not been systematically studied. Recently, two ASD-tailored protocols were published: mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). We wanted to investigate if both methods are equally effective in reducing anxiety and depression symptoms among adults with ASD. 59 adults with ASD and anxiety or depression scores above 7 on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, gave informed consent to participate; 27 followed the CBT protocol, and 32 the MBSR treatment protocol. Anxiety and depression scores, autism symptoms, rumination, and global mood were registered at the start, at the end of the 13-week treatment period, and at 3-months follow-up. Irrational beliefs and mindful attention awareness were used as process measures during treatment and at follow-up. Results indicate that both MBSR and CBT are associated with a reduction in anxiety and depressive symptoms among adults with ASD, with a sustained effect at follow-up, but without a main effect for treatment group. A similar pattern was seen for the reduction of autistic symptoms, rumination and the improvement in global mood. There are some indications that MBSR may be preferred over CBT with respect to the treatment effect on anxiety when the scores on measures of irrational beliefs or positive global mood at baseline are high. Mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapies are both promising treatment methods for reducing comorbid anxiety and depression in adults with ASD.
http://ift.tt/2n7R3oM
Motor learning paradigm and contextual interference in manual computer tasks in individuals with cerebral palsy
Publication date: May 2017
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 64
Author(s): Maria Tereza Artero Prado, Deborah Cristina Gonçalves Luiz Fernani, Talita Dias da Silva, Ana R.P. Smorenburg, Luiz Carlos de Abreu, Carlos Bandeira de Mello Monteiro
BackgroundCerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders of movement and posture that cause activity limitations. Due to the different motor problems these individuals encounter there is a need to offer rehabilitation programs that promote motor learning. Additionally, the understanding of the learning patterns of these individuals can help us attend to their learning needs to maximize their learning efficiency.AimsThe present study aimed to add to the knowledge base in regards to motor learning and the contextual interference (CI) effect.Methods and proceduresThe study included 40 individuals with CP and 40 typically developing (TD) participants matched for age and gender with the CP group. Both groups were divided into 2 subgroups regarding the practice schedule (random or constant practice) of a manual maze test on the computer. The participants who performed in the constant practice schedule performed the same standard maze 30 times, while participants in the random practice schedule performed a total of 30 trials on 5 mazes with a different spatial layout including the standard maze. After 5min of rest, retention was studied with a task in which all participants performed the standard maze. To examine the transfer effect, all participants also performed a maze with a new layout. Time of completion was registered in seconds for each trial.Outcomes and resultsThe results showed that the performance was lower in individuals with CP compared to typically developing individuals. In addition, only the participants with CP showed a contextual interference effect, with performance after the random practice schedule being superior compared to participants who practiced with a constant practice schedule.Conclusions and implicationsOverall performance was lower in individuals with CP compared to individuals with TD. Additionally, both TD individuals and individuals with CP showed the contextual interference effect in the transfer phase, with the execution of random practice leading to better performance than constant practice. These findings provide important information to assist clinicians in developing rehabilitation programs for children with CP.
http://ift.tt/2nUUqmq
IFC-EDITORIAL BOARD
Publication date: April 2017
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 63
http://ift.tt/2n86n4I
Psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the Adult Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale (ASRS-J) and its short scale in accordance with DSM-5 diagnostic criteria
Publication date: April 2017
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 63
Author(s): Toshinobu Takeda, Yui Tsuji, Hiroshi Kurita
We developed the Japanese version of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-J) and report its psychometric properties. The ASRS-J and other questionnaires were administered to 48 adults with ADHD, 46 adults with non-ADHD psychiatric disorders, 96 non-clinical adults, and 894 university students. ADHD diagnoses were made using the Japanese semi-structured diagnostic interview for adult ADHD, which is compatible with the DSM-5. The ASRS-J, its subscales, and the short form, all had Cronbach's α values of around 0.80. Total scores on the ASRS-J and the ASRS-J-6 were highly correlated with readministration after a two-week interval. The total and 18 individual item scores in the ASRS-J were significantly higher in the ADHD group than the other three groups. ASRS-J scores were correlated with scores on the Japanese version of Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales-Self Report subscales (0.59≤r≤0.77), with one exception. ASRS-J scores were also correlated (albeit more weakly; r=0.38) with Beck Depression Inventory-II total scores. Employing optimal cut-offs, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the ASRS-J and ASRS-J-6 are all above 0.69. The ASRS-J and ASRS-J-6 showed acceptable psychometric properties, although further study is necessary.
http://ift.tt/2nUZqYv
A qualitative evaluation of caregivers’ experiences, understanding and outcomes following diagnosis of FASD
Publication date: April 2017
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 63
Author(s): Katrina Chamberlain, Natasha Reid, Judith Warner, Doug Shelton, Sharon Dawe
IntroductionThe effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol are wide-ranging and pervasive in nature. In response to growing concerns about the lifelong disabilities related to prenatal alcohol exposure, a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) diagnostic clinic was established in 2012. This was the first multi-disciplinary service operating permanently within an Australian health service. The current study aimed to explore the lived experience of the diagnostic process for caregivers of children with FASD.MethodsTwelve caregivers were approached and ten participated in audiotaped interviews about caring for a child with FASD. Qualitative analysis was undertaken on transcribed interviews using NVivo 10 for thematic analysis.ResultsThe major themes that emerged were: a desire for future support for their child although uncertainty about how this support could be accessed; an understanding of FASD prior to assessment but a concerted concern that this condition was not recognised as a disability across educational and related settings; that a formal assessment process provided validation for caregiver concerns and that caregivers felt respected and understood by the clinical team during this process.DiscussionThese findings highlight the concerns of caregivers, emphasising both the importance of diagnostic services and the need for provision of further support beyond diagnosis for a child with FASD.What does this paper add?This study provides information on the lived experiences of caregivers who attended the first multi-disciplinary FASD assessment and diagnostic service in Australia. This study provides valuable insight into the ongoing difficulties that families are experiencing following diagnosis in the current Australian context.
http://ift.tt/2n86sFF
Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use: Do students with mild-intellectual disability mimic students in the general population?
Publication date: April 2017
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 63
Author(s): Dibia Liz Pacoricona Alfaro, Virginie Ehlinger, Stanislas Spilka, Jim Ross, Mariane Sentenac, Emmanuelle Godeau
Education policies encourage inclusion of students with mild-intellectual disability (mild-ID) in community/school life. However, such policies potentially increase exposure to substance use.This article examines tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use among French students enrolled in special units for students with disabilities (ULIS) at mainstream junior high schools compared to those of general population of the equivalent age; and explores factors associated with substance use among ULIS students, known to present mostly mild-ID.In 2014, a questionnaire adapted from the international HBSC/WHO study was administered to 700 ULIS students (mean-age 14.2). Comparative data were gathered from 7023 junior high-school students (mean-age 13.6) in the general population.Among students <14 years-old, tobacco and alcohol use rates were similar between ULIS and general population. For students ≥14, alcohol use remained comparable, while tobacco and cannabis use were higher in general population.Among ULIS students, low perceived health/life satisfaction, divorced/separated parents and high perceived academic demands were associated with tobacco use. Bullying, not liking school very much and attending schools outside a deprived area were associated with alcohol use. Having had sexual intercourse and not perceiving one's health as excellent were associated with cannabis use. Having dated was associated with using all three substances.
http://ift.tt/2nUZAyW
Personality dimensions and substance use in individuals with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities
Publication date: April 2017
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 63
Author(s): Evelien A.P. Poelen, Esmée P. Schijven, Roy Otten, Robert Didden
AimsThe aim of this study was to examine the role of the personality dimensions anxiety sensitivity, negative thinking, impulsivity and sensation seeking (as assessed by the revised version of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale; SURPS) in substance use in individuals with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities (MBID).MethodWe tested the relationship between level of ID and SURPS personality dimensions and the relationship between SURPS personality dimensions and severity of alcohol and drug use. Participants were 118 persons (mean age 20.5 years) with a mean IQ of 71.1 admitted to care facilities for persons with MBID and severe behavioral problems.ResultsWe found no significant relationship between level of ID and the four personality dimensions. In addition, findings showed that individuals with lower levels of anxiety sensitivity, higher levels of negative thinking, impulsivity and sensation seeking showed more severe alcohol use. Individuals with higher levels of negative thinking and sensation seeking had more severe drug use.Conclusions and implicationsThe SURPS personality dimensions identify persons at increased risk for substance use disorders and might be useful in developing selective substance use interventions for individuals with MBID.
http://ift.tt/2n7RlMx
Substance use in individuals with mild to borderline intellectual disability: A comparison between self-report, collateral-report and biomarker analysis
Publication date: April 2017
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 63
Author(s): Joanneke E.L. VanDerNagel, Marion Kiewik, Marike van Dijk, Robert Didden, Hubert P.L.M. Korzilius, Job van der Palen, Jan K. Buitelaar, Donald R.A. Uges, Remco A. Koster, Cor A.J. de Jong
Background and aimsIndividuals with mild or borderline intellectual disability (MBID) are at risk of substance use (SU). At present, it is unclear which strategy is the best for assessing SU in individuals with MBID. This study compares three strategies, namely self-report, collateral-report, and biomarker analysis.Methods and proceduresIn a sample of 112 participants with MBID from six Dutch facilities providing care to individuals with intellectual disabilities, willingness to participate, SU rates, and agreement between the three strategies were explored. The Substance use and misuse in Intellectual Disability − Questionnaire (SumID-Q; self-report) assesses lifetime use, use in the previous month, and recent use of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and stimulants. The Substance use and misuse in Intellectual Disability − Collateral-report questionnaire (SumID-CR; collateral-report) assesses staff members' report of participants' SU over the same reference periods as the SumID-Q. Biomarkers for SU, such as cotinine (metabolite of nicotine), ethanol, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and its metabolite THCCOOH, benzoylecgonine (metabolite of cocaine), and amphetamines were assessed in urine, hair, and sweat patches.ResultsWillingness to provide biomarker samples was significantly lower compared to willingness to complete the SumID-Q (p<0.001). Most participants reported smoking, drinking alcohol, and using cannabis at least once in their lives, and about a fifth had ever used stimulants. Collateralreported lifetime use was significantly lower. However, self-reported past month and recent SU rates did not differ significantly from the rates from collateral-reports or biomarkers, with the exception of lower alcohol use rates found in biomarker analysis. The agreement between self-report and biomarker analysis was substantial (kappas 0.60–0.89), except for alcohol use (kappa 0.06). Disagreement between SumID-Q and biomarkers concerned mainly over-reporting of the SumID-Q. The agreement between SumID-CR and biomarker analysis was moderate to substantial (kappas 0.48 − 0.88), again with the exception of alcohol (kappa 0.02).Conclusions and implicationsIn this study, the three strategies that were used to assess SU in individuals with MBID differed significantly in participation rates, but not in SU rates. Several explanations for the better-than-expected performance of self- and collateral-reports are presented. We conclude that for individuals with MBID, self-report combined with collateralreport can be used to assess current SU, and this combination may contribute to collaborative, early intervention efforts to reduce SU and its related harms in this vulnerable group.
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Effects of prenatal exposure to WIFI signal (2.45GHz) on postnatal development and behavior in rat: Influence of maternal restraint
Source:Behavioural Brain Research, Volume 326
Author(s): Haifa Othman, Mohamed Ammari, Mohsen Sakly, Hafedh Abdelmelek
The present study was carried out to investigate the potential combined influence of maternal restraint stress and 2.45GHz WiFi signal exposure on postnatal development and behavior in the offspring of exposed rats. 24 pregnant albino Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Control, WiFi-exposed, restrained and both WiFi-exposed and restrained groups. Each of WiFi exposure and restraint occurred 2h/day along gestation till parturition. The pups were evaluated for physical development and neuromotor maturation. Moreover, elevated plus maze test, open field activity and stationary beam test were also determined on postnatal days 28, 30 and 31, respectively. After behavioral tests, the rats were anesthetized and their brains were removed for biochemical analysis. Our main findings showed no detrimental effects on gestation progress and outcomes at delivery in all groups. Subsequently, WiFi and restraint, per se and mainly in concert altered physical development of pups with slight differences between genders. Behaviorally, the gestational WiFi irradiation, restraint and especially the associated treatment affected the neuromotor maturation mainly in male progeny. At adult age, we noticed anxiety, motor deficit and exploratory behavior impairment in male offspring co-exposed to WiFi radiation and restraint, and in female progeny subjected to three treatments. The biochemical investigation showed that, all three treatments produced global oxidative stress in brain of both sexes. As for serum biochemistry, phosphorus, magnesium, glucose, triglycerides and calcium levels were disrupted. Taken together, prenatal WiFi radiation and restraint, alone and combined, provoked several behavioral and biochemical impairments at both juvenile and adult age of the offspring.
http://ift.tt/2nXOCJo
Comprehensive and reliable classification system for primary diagnosis of cleft lip and palate
Due to the lack of a universally accepted classification system, we are aiming to introduce a modified comprehensive, precise and relative simple classification system for primary diagnosis of cleft lip and palate.
http://ift.tt/2okPggj
The ins and outs of molecular pathology reporting
Abstract
The raid evolution in molecular pathology resulting in an increasing complexity requires careful reporting. The need for standardisation is clearer than ever. While synoptic reporting was first used for reporting hereditary genetic diseases, it is becoming more frequent in pathology, especially molecular pathology reports too. The narrative approach is no longer feasible with the growing amount of essential data present on the report, although narrative components are still necessary for interpretation in molecular pathology. On the way towards standardisation of reports, guidelines can be a helpful tool. There are several guidelines that focus on reporting in the field of hereditary diseases, but it is not always feasible to extrapolate these to the reporting of somatic variants in molecular pathology. The rise of multi-gene testing causes challenges for the laboratories. In order to provide a continuous optimisation of the laboratory testing process, including reporting, external quality assessment is essential and has already proven to improve the quality of reports. In general, a clear and concise report for molecular pathology can be created by including elements deemed important by different guidelines, adapting the report to the process flows of the laboratory and integrating the report with the laboratory information management system and the patient record.
http://ift.tt/2n6ATLv
Temporal changes in native-exotic richness correlations during early post-fire succession
Source:Acta Oecologica, Volume 80
Author(s): Qinfeng Guo
The relationship between native and exotic richness has mostly been studied with respect to space (i.e., positive at larger scales, but negative or more variable at smaller scales) and its temporal patterns have rarely been investigated. Although some studies have monitored the temporal trends of both native and exotic richness, how these two groups of species might be related to each other and how their relative proportions vary through time in a local community remains unclear. Re-analysis of early post-fire successional data for a California chaparral community shows that, in the same communities and at small spatial scales, the native-exotic correlations varied through time. Both exotic richness and exotic fraction (i.e., the proportion of exotic species in the flora) quickly increased and then gradually declined, during the initial stages of succession following fire disturbance. This result sheds new light on habitat invasibility and has implications for timing the implementation of effective management actions to prevent and/or mitigate species invasions.
http://ift.tt/2n7ISbX
Internet-delivered, preoperative, preparation program (I-PPP): Development and examination of effectiveness
Limited evidence-based, interactive, Internet-delivered preoperative preparation programs for children and their parents exist. The purpose of this investigation was to develop and examine the effectiveness of the Internet-delivered, preoperative program (I-PPP) in alleviating prepoperative anxiety in children undergoing outpatient surgery. In Study 1, the I-PPP was developed and then evaluated by parent/child dyads and health care professionals. In Study 2, the effectiveness of I-PPP was examined.
http://ift.tt/2nCPXnR
Chronic hepatitis B: Immunological profile and current therapeutic vaccines in clinical trials
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Yadira Lobaina, Marie-Louise Michel
More than 250million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (CHB), and over half a million die each year due to CHB-associated liver complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The translation of immunological knowledge about CHB into therapeutic strategies aiming to a sustainable hepatitis B virus (HBV) clearance has been challenging. In recent years, however, the understanding on the immune effectors required to overcome chronicity has notably increased thanks to preclinical and clinical research. Therapeutic vaccination may prove to be useful for treating CHB patients when coupled with current antiviral agents and other immunomodulatory strategies. This review summarizes current data and future perspectives on therapeutic vaccination. Other treatment alternatives that could be combined with vaccines for a complete cure from hepatitis B virus infection are also discussed.
http://ift.tt/2o6jFQ0
Moving the needle on nursing staff influenza vaccination in long-term care: Results of an evidence-based intervention
Publication date: Available online 25 March 2017
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Cori L. Ofstead, Miriam R. Amelang, Harry P. Wetzler, Litjen Tan
PurposeInfluenza vaccination rates among healthcare providers (HCPs) in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are commonly below the Healthy People 2020 goal of 90%. This study was conducted to develop and evaluate an intervention program designed to increase influenza uptake among HCPs in LTCFs.MethodsThis study was conducted in four Midwestern LTCFs. Baseline interviews, surveys, and administrative data analysis were performed following the 2013–2014 influenza season. Interventions implemented during the 2014–2015 season were based on the health belief and ecological models and included goal-setting worksheets, policy development, educational programs, kick-off events, incentives, a vaccination tracking roster, and facility-wide communication about vaccine uptake among HCPs. Outcomes were evaluated in 2015.ResultsAt baseline, 50% of 726 nursing staff employed during the 2013–2014 influenza season had documented receipt of influenza vaccine (Site A: 34%; Site B: 5%; Site C: 75%; Site D: 62%), and 31% of 347 survey respondents reported absenteeism due to respiratory illness. At follow-up, 85% of HCPs had documented receipt of influenza vaccine (p<0.01) and 19% of 323 survey respondents reported absenteeism due to respiratory illness (p<0.01). Vaccination rates among respondents' family members increased from 31% at baseline to 44% post-intervention (p<0.01). Reasons for declining vaccination did not change following exposure to educational programs, but HCPs were more likely to recommend vaccination to others after program implementation.ConclusionsVaccination rates among long-term care HCPs and their family members increased significantly and HCP absenteeism decreased after the implementation of multifaceted interventions based on an ecological model. The findings suggest that major increases in HCP vaccination can be achieved in LTCFs. More research is needed to evaluate the impact of increased HCP vaccination on the health and productivity of LTCF employees, their family members, and residents.
http://ift.tt/2nWR8Q1
Prevalence of factor H Binding Protein sub-variants among Neisseria meningitidis in China
Publication date: Available online 25 March 2017
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Fenglin Shi, Aiyu Zhang, Bingqing Zhu, Yuan Gao, Li Xu, Yixing Li, Zundong Yin, Junhong Li, Na Xie, Zhujun Shao
ObjectiveTo study the prevalence of the fHbp genes in Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis) isolates for further evaluation and development of serogroup B meningococcal vaccines in China.MethodsA panel of 1012 N. meningitidis strains was selected from the national culture collection from 1956 to 2016, according to the years of isolation, locations, and strain sources. These were tested by FHbp variant typing. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was performed on 822 of these samples, including 242 strains from clinical strains and 580 carrier-derived strains. Analysis based on sequence types, serogroups, and FHbp variations were used to summarize the prevalence and characteristics of N. meningitidis.ResultsThere were 8 serogroups of N. meningitidis as well as a collection of nongroupable strains in this study. 1008 of 1012 N. meningitidis strains tested were positive for the fHbp gene. Serogroup A N. meningitidis (MenA) strains belonging to ST-1 and ST-5 clonal complexes harbored genes only encoding variant 1 (v1) FHbp. All MenW strains encoded v2 FHbp. 61.9% of clinical MenB strains were positive for v2 FHbp vs. 32.1% that were positive for v1. Among fHbp-positive carrier-derived MenB strains, v2 FHbp accounted for 90.8%. 79.7% of clinical MenC strains were positive for v1 FHbp and 20.3% were positive for v2 FHbp. Among carrier-derived MenC strains, v2 FHbp predominated. The number of major serogroups of N. meningitidis analyzed by MLST was 822, and the encoded FHbp showed CC- or ST-specific characteristics.ConclusionfHbp genes were detected in almost all N. meningitidis strains in this study. Therefore, it is possible that a vaccine against MenB or meningococci irrespective of serogroups, which includes FHbp, could be developed. Meningococcal vaccine development for China is a complex issue and these findings warrant further attention with respect to vaccine development.
http://ift.tt/2o6q6CX
Cognitive testing to evaluate revisions to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) reporting form
Publication date: Available online 25 March 2017
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Tiffany A. Suragh, Elaine R. Miller, Beth F. Hibbs, Scott K. Winiecki, Craig Zinderman, Tom T. Shimabukuro
IntroductionThe Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is the spontaneous (passive) reporting system CDC and FDA use to monitor vaccine safety. We used cognitive testing to evaluate proposed revisions to the current VAERS form.MethodsWe conducted in-person cognitive interviews with 22 volunteers to evaluate proposed revisions in a prototype VAERS 2.0 form (new VAERS form). We analyzed data using thematic analysis.ResultsRepeating themes included preferences for: brevity, simplicity and clarity; features to minimize time requirements and facilitate ease of completion; logical ordering of questions by topic and importance; and visual cues like color-coded highlighting. Interviews identified instances of discordance between the intended meaning questions (from the perspective of CDC and FDA) and interpretation by volunteers.ConclusionsCognitive testing yielded useful information to guide further revisions of the VAERS form. Cognitive testing can be an effective tool for public health programs interested in developing surveys and reporting forms.
http://ift.tt/2nWTSx6
Isotretinoin as a Possible Environmental Trigger to Autoimmunity in Genetically Susceptible Patients
Introduction. Isotretinoin is commonly used to treat cystic acne. Definitive mechanisms of action for isotretinoin are not known though despite many side effects having been documented. Various case reports have noted autoimmune diseases succeeding isotretinoin treatment. Case Report. A 16-year-old female presents with symptoms of tremors, lack of focus, sleeplessness, emotional liability, bulging eyes, loose stools, heat intolerance, and missed menstrual periods. Symptoms manifested shortly after the patient finished a course of oral isotretinoin treatment for acne. Physical exam showed resting tremors, bilateral proptosis, hyperactivity, and rapid speech. A diagnosis of Graves' Disease was made by correlating symptoms, physical exam findings, ultrasound, and positive family history of autoimmune thyroid disease. Conclusion. Emergence of autoimmune thyroid diseases depends upon genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. Mechanism of action for isotretinoin is not known but the drug may play a role in triggering autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals.
http://ift.tt/2np7QGA
Quality assessment of delineation and dose planning of early breast cancer patients included in the randomized Skagen Trial 1
Source:Radiotherapy and Oncology
Author(s): Giulio Francolini, Mette S. Thomsen, Esben S. Yates, Carine Kirkove, Ingelise Jensen, Egil S. Blix, Claus Kamby, Mette H. Nielsen, Mechthild Krause, Martin Berg, Ingvil Mjaaland, Andreas Schreiber, Unn-miriam Kasti, Kristian Boye, Birgitte V. Offersen
Background and purposeTo report on a Quality assessment (QA) of Skagen Trial 1, exploring hypofractionation for breast cancer patients with indication for regional nodal radiotherapy.Material and methodsDeviations from protocol regarding target volume delineations and dose parameters (Dmin, Dmax, D98%, D95% and D2%) from randomly selected dose plans were assessed. Target volume delineation according to ESTRO guidelines was obtained through atlas based automated segmentation and centrally approved as gold standard (GS). Dice similarity scores (DSC) with original delineations were measured. Dose parameters measured in the two delineations were reported to assess their dosimetric outcome.ResultsAssessment included 88 plans from 12 centres in 4 countries. DSC showed high agreement in contouring, 99% and 96% of the patients had a complete delineation of target volumes and organs at risk. No deviations in the dosimetric outcome were found in 76% of the patients, 82% and 95% of the patients had successful coverage of breast/chestwall and CTVn_L2-4-interpectoral. Dosimetric outcomes of original delineation and GS were comparable.ConclusionsQA showed high protocol compliance and adequate dose coverage in most patients. Inter-observer variability in contouring was low. Dose parameters were in harmony with protocol regardless original or GS segmentation.
http://ift.tt/2mDGeyH
Dynamic conformal arc radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations: Outcome and influence of clinical and dosimetrical data
Publication date: Available online 25 March 2017
Source:Radiotherapy and Oncology
Author(s): Karen Clement-Colmou, Vincent Roualdes, Stéphane-André Martin, Stephanie Josset, Hubert Desal, Loïc Campion, François Thillays
PurposeTo assess efficacy, toxicity, and their predictive factors for dynamic conformal arc arteriovenous malformations (AVM) stereotactic radiosurgery.MethodData concerning 90 consecutive patients were retrospectively studied. Clinical, radiological, dosimetrical data and quality indexes were computed.ResultsAVM median volume was 1.06cc. Median prescribed dose was 22Gy. Total occlusion was obtained for 69% of patients. Post-radiosurgery annual hemorrhage rate was 2.2%. Predictive factor for total occlusion was delivered dose. Undesirable events occurred for 28% of patients. Predictive factors for adverse events were AVM revealing mode with seizure or headache, age≤28, AVM diameter≥3cm Spetzler–Martin score≥4, V12Gy≥2cc, large target volume and low homogeneity index (p<0.05). Brain parenchymal radiological reactions concerned 23% of patients, and their predictive factors were AVM revelation by seizure, deep localization, AVM diameter≥3cm, Spetzler–Martin score≥4, previous radiosurgery, numerous embolization, target volume, V12Gy and low homogeneity index (p<0.05).ConclusionOcclusion rate and toxicities are comparable to other series. Specific attention must be paid on pre-treatment clinical data, and target volume should be as small as possible, without reducing the delivered dose.
http://ift.tt/2n6nwMi
Three-dimensional-guided perineal-based interstitial brachytherapy in cervical cancer: A systematic review of technique, local control and toxicities
Source:Radiotherapy and Oncology
Author(s): Lucas C. Mendez, Yonatan Weiss, David D'Souza, Ananth Ravi, Lisa Barbera, Eric Leung
ObjectiveTo evaluate local control and toxicities of perineal-based interstitial brachytherapy (P-ISBT) in cervical cancers treated with three-dimensional (3D) image-based planning through a systematic review. The secondary objective of this review is to summarize the implant and dosimetric techniques in 3D P-ISBT.MethodsSystematic review of the literature using the PRISMA guideline was conducted through a search of Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. This search resulted in 19 relevant manuscripts. Selected studies evaluated the role of perineal ISBT in cervical tumours treated using 3D planning. Eleven of nineteen manuscripts contained sufficient information for LC and toxicity calculations. Data were extracted by at least two investigators.ResultsA total of 672 cervical cancer patients were treated with P-ISBT and planned with 3D image-based planning. Clinical outcomes could be identified for 392 patients and 60% were staged IIIB or higher. Most patients received 45–50.4Gy EBRT to the pelvis followed by a P-ISBT boost with a range of dose between 28 and 48Gy EQD2Gy. Overall LC was 79% (310/392) with a median follow-up ranging from 14 to 55months. Almost half of the patients (48%) had a median follow-up ≥35months. Patients treated to a lower tumour EQD2Gy total dose had inferior LC. Procedure-related complications were rare (7 infections and 7 episodes of bleeding) and limited. Combined late gastro-intestinal, genitourinary and vaginal grade 3 and 4 toxicity was 12.1%.ConclusionPromising LC rates were found in patients with cervical cancers treated with perineal ISBT with 3D image-based planning. In this systematic review, 60% had stage IIIB disease or higher and yet a LC rate of 79% was found. LC seemed to correlate with the dose delivered to the tumour, while toxicity rates were similar to other cervical cancer series using 3D image-based brachytherapy. Perineal ISBT with 3D planning seems to be an effective and safe treatment for large advanced cervical tumours and may be a reasonable alternative to the increasingly more standard and modern intracavitary/interstitial (IC/IS) approaches such as the 'Vienna' applicator.
http://ift.tt/2mDv1Oz
G9a governs colon cancer stem cell phenotype and chemoradioresistance through PP2A-RPA axis-mediated DNA damage response
Publication date: Available online 25 March 2017
Source:Radiotherapy and Oncology
Author(s): Chi-Wen Luo, Jaw-Yuan Wang, Wen-Chun Hung, Guang Peng, Ya-Li Tsai, Tsung-Ming Chang, Chee-Yin Chai, Chih-Hung Lin, Mei-Ren Pan
Background and purposeNeoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is a standard treatment of locally advanced colon cancer cell (CRC). In order to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity, new drugs have been developed and used in combination with CCRT. Recently, it has been shown that G9a plays a role in mediating phenotypes of cancer stem cells (CSCs). This study aimed to characterize G9a as a biomarker in predicting therapy response to prevent overtreatment and adverse effects in CRC patients.Experimental designThe primary tumors from 39 patients who received CCRT for rectal cancer were selected. In vivo tumor xenograft models for tumorigenic properties in immunodeficient mice were developed. In vitro stemness ability was performed by tumor-sphere assays, cell response to anti-cancer agents and stemness-related genes analysis.ResultsCells survived from radiation treatment, and displayed high levels of G9a. A significantly positive correlation was shown between G9a and CSCs marker CD133 in locally advanced rectal cancer patients with CCRT. Knockdown of G9a increased the sensitivity of cells to radiation treatment and sensitized cells to DNA damage agents through PP2A-RPA axis.ConclusionsOur study theorized that G9a might serve as a novel target in colon cancer, which offers exciting potential in prediction of response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with advanced CRC.
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Patient safety in external beam radiotherapy, results of the ACCIRAD project: Current status of proactive risk assessment, reactive analysis of events, and reporting and learning systems in Europe
Source:Radiotherapy and Oncology
Author(s): Julian Malicki, Ritva Bly, Mireille Bulot, Jean-Luc Godet, Andreas Jahnen, Marco Krengli, Philippe Maingon, Carlos Prieto Martin, Kamila Przybylska, Agnieszka Skrobała, Marc Valero, Hannu Jarvinen
PurposeTo describe the current status of implementation of European directives for risk management in radiotherapy and to assess variability in risk management in the following areas: 1) in-country regulatory framework; 2) proactive risk assessment; (3) reactive analysis of events; and (4) reporting and learning systems.Material and MethodsThe original data were collected as part of the ACCIRAD project through two online surveys.ResultsRisk assessment criteria are closely associated with quality assurance programs. Only 9/32 responding countries (28%) with national regulations reported clear "requirements" for proactive risk assessment and/or reactive risk analysis, with wide variability in assessment methods. Reporting of adverse error events is mandatory in most (70%) but not all surveyed countries.ConclusionsMost European countries have taken steps to implement European directives designed to reduce the probability and magnitude of accidents in radiotherapy. Variability between countries is substantial in terms of legal frameworks, tools used to conduct proactive risk assessment and reactive analysis of events, and in the reporting and learning systems utilized. These findings underscore the need for greater harmonisation in common terminology, classification and reporting practices across Europe to improve patient safety and to enable more reliable inter-country comparisons.
http://ift.tt/2n6yGjO
Brain edema with clasmatodendrosis complicating ataxia telangiectasia
Source:Brain and Development
Author(s): Konomi Shimoda, Masakazu Mimaki, Shuhei Fujino, Masato Takeuchi, Rumi Hino, Hiroshi Uozaki, Masaharu Hayashi, Akira Oka, Masashi Mizuguchi
Ataxia-telangiectasia is a chronic progressive disorder affecting the nervous and immune systems, caused by a genetic defect in the ATM protein. Clasmatodendrosis, a distinct form of astroglial death, has rarely been reported in ataxia-telangiectasia. Neuropathology of our patient disclosed diffuse edema of the cerebral and cerebellar white matter with prominent clasmatodendrosis, implicating ATM in the regulation of astroglial cell death.
http://ift.tt/2nBeI47
Increased cortisol awakening response after completing the summer treatment program in children with ADHD
Source:Brain and Development
Author(s): Rumiko Okabe, Hisayoshi Okamura, Chiyomi Egami, Yasuhiro Tada, Chizuru Anai, Akiko Mukasa, Akiko Iemura, Shinichiro Nagamitsu, Junichi Furusho, Toyojiro Matsuishi, Yushiro Yamashita
ObjectiveLittle is known about the cortisol awakening response (CAR) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we examined the CAR in children with ADHD and their mothers before, immediately after, and 4months after an intensive summer treatment program (STP).MethodsParticipants were 37 children aged 7–12years who completed the STP in 2009 and 2010, and their mothers. Daily saliva samples for cortisol measurement were collected twice daily at awakening and 30min afterwards at pre-STP, post-STP, and during a follow-up measurement period. ADHD symptom scores were evaluated by parents, and participants completed the Kid-KINDLR QOL questionnaire.ResultsCAR was low in children with ADHD before the STP, and increased to the control range 4months after STP. Maternal CAR also tended to increase after STP. Changes in the CAR in children tended to correlate with an improved ADHD inattention scores (p=0.091), physical health (p=0.070), and school life subscales scores in the Kid-KINDLR (p=0.079).ConclusionWe demonstrated that STP improved the behavior and QOL of children with ADHD. Our results indicate that STP could lead to improvements in HPA axis function, as reflected by increased CAR after STP.
http://ift.tt/2n4WyDC
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