Tade Adesoji Emmanuel, Sholeye Oluwafolahan, Buari Moyosore Adebukola Sinat
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2016 9(4):235-240
Background: Cervical cancer is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality among Nigerian women. Early detection by screening has proved to be an effective preventive measure. Knowing the factors that determine and predict uptake helps to determine where more efforts need to be put to achieve better uptake of the screening test. Aim and Objective: To determine the predictors and factors related to the uptake of cervical cancer screening test among female secondary school teachers in Sagamu. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 256 secondary school teachers in Sagamu Local Government Area of Ogun State. Data were collected using semi-structured, self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Chi-square test was used to determine factors related to the uptake of the screening test while logistic regression was done to predict which group was less likely to be screened. Results: Uptake of screening test was 17.6%. One hundred and sixty-nine (66%) respondents were willing to be screened. The most common reason for not willing to be screened was the belief of not been at risk of the disease. About 84% of the respondents had a positive attitude toward cervical cancer screening, with a mean score of 7.8 ± 1.5 while only 23.4% had good knowledge with a mean score of 7.6 ± 3.6. Teachers with lower knowledge and attitude scores who had one sexual partner were less likely to be screened. Conclusion: Adequate knowledge needs to be passed across to teachers to improve uptake of cervical cancer screening.
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Τρίτη 28 Ιουνίου 2016
Laboratory findings from stool examination in blastocystosis diarrhea: A review of 26 cases
Perception of injections in semi-urban communities in Sokoto, northwest Nigeria
Muhammad Tukur Umar, Shaibu Oricha Bello, Abdulgafar Olayiwola Jimoh, Anas Ahmad Sabeer, Umar M Ango
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2016 9(4):241-244
Objective: The hazards associated with injections constitute a serious public health challenge worldwide, especially in the developing countries such as Nigeria. To adequately address this menace, there is a need for a survey to assess the perception of health-care seekers and providers on injections generally to provide a platform upon which targeted intervention can be made. This study aimed at evaluating the semi-urban community perception on injections and awareness of dangers associated with it. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional using validated interviewer administered questionnaires. A total of 102 respondents were recruited using a multi-stage sampling technique from semi-urban area. The questionnaire sought their demographic profiles, awareness of hazards associated with injections use, and perceptions. Results: Out all the respondents, 96.1% had injections in the last 3 months. Only 47.1% seek medical help in government health facilities. Majority considered injections to be more effective than oral drugs [80.4%, odds 4.10 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.53-6.65]. Most of the respondents preferred injections (74.5%, odds 2.92 and 95% CI 1.88-4.55). Chloroquine injection was the most cited by injections the respondents (70.6%). And only, 29.4% (odds 0.42 and 95% CI 0.27-0.64) had adverse events following injections. Awareness of hazards associated with injections was not too good as (27.5%, odds 0.38 and 95% CI 0.25-0.58) admitted that injection carries no risks. Conclusion: Awareness on dangers associated with injections was poor with erroneous perception that injections generally were more effective than oral drugs. Chloroquine is still widely used as an anti-malaria drug in private settings despite its ban. Incidence of injection is high in semi-urban communities.
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Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2016 9(4):241-244
Objective: The hazards associated with injections constitute a serious public health challenge worldwide, especially in the developing countries such as Nigeria. To adequately address this menace, there is a need for a survey to assess the perception of health-care seekers and providers on injections generally to provide a platform upon which targeted intervention can be made. This study aimed at evaluating the semi-urban community perception on injections and awareness of dangers associated with it. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional using validated interviewer administered questionnaires. A total of 102 respondents were recruited using a multi-stage sampling technique from semi-urban area. The questionnaire sought their demographic profiles, awareness of hazards associated with injections use, and perceptions. Results: Out all the respondents, 96.1% had injections in the last 3 months. Only 47.1% seek medical help in government health facilities. Majority considered injections to be more effective than oral drugs [80.4%, odds 4.10 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.53-6.65]. Most of the respondents preferred injections (74.5%, odds 2.92 and 95% CI 1.88-4.55). Chloroquine injection was the most cited by injections the respondents (70.6%). And only, 29.4% (odds 0.42 and 95% CI 0.27-0.64) had adverse events following injections. Awareness of hazards associated with injections was not too good as (27.5%, odds 0.38 and 95% CI 0.25-0.58) admitted that injection carries no risks. Conclusion: Awareness on dangers associated with injections was poor with erroneous perception that injections generally were more effective than oral drugs. Chloroquine is still widely used as an anti-malaria drug in private settings despite its ban. Incidence of injection is high in semi-urban communities.
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Implementing universal minimal standards to counter the challenge of gender-based violence in emergencies
Saurabh R Shrivastava, Prateek S Shrivastava, Jegadeesh Ramasamy
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2016 9(4):289-290
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Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2016 9(4):289-290
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Head lice treatment with two interventions: Pediculosis capitis profile in female schoolchildren of a rural setting in the south of Iran
Mohammad Djaefar Moemenbellah-Fard, Zahra Nasiri, Kourosh Azizi, Mohammad Reza Fakoorziba
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2016 9(4):245-250
Background: Previous research suggests that certain communities, including rural residents, exhibit endemic infestations which can be prevented by banned interventions such as the use of certain chlorinated lice-killing chemicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate two different treatments on head lice among primary school girls of Lar, Fars Province, south of Iran. Patients and Methods: Lindane (1%) or permethrin (1%) shampoos were used on two groups who were treated for live head lice after screening with plastic lice detection combs at schools. A questionnaire form on the epidemiologic factors was included. The outcomes were followed up for 2 weeks from the initial treatment on days 2, 6, 9, and 14. Data analyses were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal–Wallis tests. A P value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: From 2,084 students examined, 82 girls (3.93%) were infested with pediculosis. No significant correlation was found between head lice infestation level and hair length, hair style, itching, family size, education grade, and age. The data on days 2, 6, 9, and 14 from permethrin and lindane treatments were 71.8%, 64.1%, 89.7%, and 89.7% versus 92.5%, 92.5%, 97.5%, and 95%, respectively. On days 2 (P = 0.017) and 6 (P = 0.002) after treatment, significant differences were noted on reexamination of the cases. Only one reinfestation case was identified during the treatment period. The level of insensitivity to permethrin was twice that of lindane at the end of this period. Conclusion: The level of cure in treated students was similar for both shampoos. Lindane swiftly acted to reduce the level of infested cases by the second day.
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Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2016 9(4):245-250
Background: Previous research suggests that certain communities, including rural residents, exhibit endemic infestations which can be prevented by banned interventions such as the use of certain chlorinated lice-killing chemicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate two different treatments on head lice among primary school girls of Lar, Fars Province, south of Iran. Patients and Methods: Lindane (1%) or permethrin (1%) shampoos were used on two groups who were treated for live head lice after screening with plastic lice detection combs at schools. A questionnaire form on the epidemiologic factors was included. The outcomes were followed up for 2 weeks from the initial treatment on days 2, 6, 9, and 14. Data analyses were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal–Wallis tests. A P value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: From 2,084 students examined, 82 girls (3.93%) were infested with pediculosis. No significant correlation was found between head lice infestation level and hair length, hair style, itching, family size, education grade, and age. The data on days 2, 6, 9, and 14 from permethrin and lindane treatments were 71.8%, 64.1%, 89.7%, and 89.7% versus 92.5%, 92.5%, 97.5%, and 95%, respectively. On days 2 (P = 0.017) and 6 (P = 0.002) after treatment, significant differences were noted on reexamination of the cases. Only one reinfestation case was identified during the treatment period. The level of insensitivity to permethrin was twice that of lindane at the end of this period. Conclusion: The level of cure in treated students was similar for both shampoos. Lindane swiftly acted to reduce the level of infested cases by the second day.
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Active screening for tuberculosis among slum dwellers in selected urban slums of Puducherry, South India
Palanivel Chinnakali, Pruthu Thekkur, Gomathi Ramaswamy, Kalaiselvi Selvaraj
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2016 9(4):295-296
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Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2016 9(4):295-296
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Affluence and adolescent obesity in a city in south-east Nigerian: A cross-sectional survey
Agozie C Ubesie, Chinyere V Okoli, Samuel N Uwaezuoke, Anthony N Ikefuna
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2016 9(4):251-254
Background: Pediatric obesity is becoming a public health challenge in both developed and developing countries. While poverty is a known risk factor for pediatric obesity in developed countries, the role of socioeconomic class in developing countries remains unclear. This study aims to determine the prevalence of adolescent obesity in Enugu, south-east Nigeria, and relate same to socioeconomic class. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of adolescents aged 10-19 years in Enugu metropolis. The participants were enrolled by multistage sampling method. Their weights and heights were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The participants were classified as obese, overweight, and normal using age- and sex-specific BMI percentiles. Socioeconomic class was determined using parental income and educational level. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: A total of 2,419 participants were included in the study (1,242 males and 1,177 females). Their mean age was 14.80 ± 2.07 years. The prevalence rates of obesity and overweight were 5.7% and 7.2%, respectively. Females were more likely to be overweight and obese [odds ratio (OR) = 2.55, P < 0.001, OR = 2.66, P < 0.001, respectively]. Adolescents from the upper socioeconomic class were more likely to be obese [OR = 2.57, P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.80–3.67]. Conclusion: Adolescent obesity in Enugu, south-east Nigeria, is more common among children from the upper socioeconomic class.
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Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2016 9(4):251-254
Background: Pediatric obesity is becoming a public health challenge in both developed and developing countries. While poverty is a known risk factor for pediatric obesity in developed countries, the role of socioeconomic class in developing countries remains unclear. This study aims to determine the prevalence of adolescent obesity in Enugu, south-east Nigeria, and relate same to socioeconomic class. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of adolescents aged 10-19 years in Enugu metropolis. The participants were enrolled by multistage sampling method. Their weights and heights were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The participants were classified as obese, overweight, and normal using age- and sex-specific BMI percentiles. Socioeconomic class was determined using parental income and educational level. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: A total of 2,419 participants were included in the study (1,242 males and 1,177 females). Their mean age was 14.80 ± 2.07 years. The prevalence rates of obesity and overweight were 5.7% and 7.2%, respectively. Females were more likely to be overweight and obese [odds ratio (OR) = 2.55, P < 0.001, OR = 2.66, P < 0.001, respectively]. Adolescents from the upper socioeconomic class were more likely to be obese [OR = 2.57, P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.80–3.67]. Conclusion: Adolescent obesity in Enugu, south-east Nigeria, is more common among children from the upper socioeconomic class.
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Ayurveda practice in Hindu mandirs in Bangkok, Thailand
Viroj Wiwanitkit, Wasana Kaewla, Salingkarn Kulubrahm Kalasribharadwaj
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2016 9(4):300-301
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Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2016 9(4):300-301
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Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus in pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Kanittada Thongkao, Yuttana Sudjaroen, Parin Chaivisuthangkura
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2016 9(4):255-262
Context: A comparatively small number of species, e.g., Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, cause disease in both aquatic animals and humans. V. harveyi is marine animal pathogen and rarely causes infections in humans; however, it might become a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria forms and virulence genes. Aims: 1) to develop rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the simultaneous detection of V. harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus by using vhhP2, tl, and rpoS genes as the respective target genes and 2) to evaluate specificity and determined detection of multiplex PCR technique. Materials and Methods: The multiplex PCR assay was developed and evaluated for specificity on 36 isolates of V. harveyi, 30 isolates of V. parahaemolyticus, and 14 isolates of V. vulnificus, along with other species of Vibrio and non-Vibrio bacterial isolates. Sensitivity of test was described as detection limit of pathogens in lowest amount of sample (CFU/mL or CFU/g) was determined by diluted DNA extracts of the pure cultures and spiked pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) samples Results: This developed multiplex PCR was proved as an accurate method, which was specific for three Vibrio species. The detection limits of V. harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus in pure cultures and spiked shrimp samples ranged 1.05-4.8 × 103 CFU/mL and 1.9-7 × 104 CFU/g, respectively. Conclusions: This rapid multiplex PCR assay can decrease amount and process of sample preparation, which was time-consuming, and had preferable accuracy. This developed technique will be suitable and useful for food-borne pathogen detection in shrimp and horizontal gene transfer study among different Vibrio species in aquatic animals.
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Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2016 9(4):255-262
Context: A comparatively small number of species, e.g., Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, cause disease in both aquatic animals and humans. V. harveyi is marine animal pathogen and rarely causes infections in humans; however, it might become a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria forms and virulence genes. Aims: 1) to develop rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the simultaneous detection of V. harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus by using vhhP2, tl, and rpoS genes as the respective target genes and 2) to evaluate specificity and determined detection of multiplex PCR technique. Materials and Methods: The multiplex PCR assay was developed and evaluated for specificity on 36 isolates of V. harveyi, 30 isolates of V. parahaemolyticus, and 14 isolates of V. vulnificus, along with other species of Vibrio and non-Vibrio bacterial isolates. Sensitivity of test was described as detection limit of pathogens in lowest amount of sample (CFU/mL or CFU/g) was determined by diluted DNA extracts of the pure cultures and spiked pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) samples Results: This developed multiplex PCR was proved as an accurate method, which was specific for three Vibrio species. The detection limits of V. harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus in pure cultures and spiked shrimp samples ranged 1.05-4.8 × 103 CFU/mL and 1.9-7 × 104 CFU/g, respectively. Conclusions: This rapid multiplex PCR assay can decrease amount and process of sample preparation, which was time-consuming, and had preferable accuracy. This developed technique will be suitable and useful for food-borne pathogen detection in shrimp and horizontal gene transfer study among different Vibrio species in aquatic animals.
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Standardizing the assessment and management protocol of critically ill under-five children: World Health Organization
Saurabh RamBihariLal Shrivastava, Prateek Saurabh Shrivastava, Jegadeesh Ramasamy
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2016 9(4):215-216
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Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2016 9(4):215-216
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Intramuscular calcifications after quinine injections
Anna M.C Koop, Jos P.A.M Vroemen, Jennifer M.J Schreinemakers
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2016 9(4):263-265
A 45-year-old woman presented with a painful swelling of the right leg. Twenty years previously, she suffered from malaria and was treated with intramuscular injections of pure quinine. Over the years, she noticed two solid tumors at the site of the quinine injections. Because of the pain and discomfort, we decided to excise the tumor. No evidence exists indicating how to treat dystrophic calcifications after intramuscular injections. Our advice is to consider resection if the calcifications are present for many years and cause complaints.
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Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2016 9(4):263-265
A 45-year-old woman presented with a painful swelling of the right leg. Twenty years previously, she suffered from malaria and was treated with intramuscular injections of pure quinine. Over the years, she noticed two solid tumors at the site of the quinine injections. Because of the pain and discomfort, we decided to excise the tumor. No evidence exists indicating how to treat dystrophic calcifications after intramuscular injections. Our advice is to consider resection if the calcifications are present for many years and cause complaints.
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Voice Quality After a Semi-Occluded Vocal Tract Exercise With a Ventilation Mask in Contemporary Commercial Singers: Acoustic Analysis and Self-Assessments.
| Related Articles |
Voice Quality After a Semi-Occluded Vocal Tract Exercise With a Ventilation Mask in Contemporary Commercial Singers: Acoustic Analysis and Self-Assessments.
J Voice. 2016 Jun 23;
Authors: Fantini M, Succo G, Crosetti E, Borragán Torre A, Demo R, Fussi F
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed at investigating the immediate effects of a semi-occluded vocal tract exercise with a ventilation mask in a group of contemporary commercial singers.
STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled study was carried out.
METHODS: Thirty professional or semi-professional singers with no voice complaints were randomly divided into two groups on recruitment: an experimental group and a control group. The same warm-up exercise was performed by the experimental group with an occluded ventilation mask placed over the nose and the mouth and by the control group without the ventilation mask. Voice was recorded before and after the exercise. Acoustic and self-assessment analysis were accomplished. The acoustic parameters of the voice samples recorded before and after training were compared, as well as the parameters' variations between the experimental and the control group. Self-assessment results of the experimental and the control group were compared too.
RESULTS: Significant changes after the warm-up exercise included jitter, shimmer, and singing power ratio (SPR) in the experimental group. No significant changes were recorded in the control group. Significant differences between the experimental and the control group were found for ΔShimmer and ΔSPR. Self-assessment analysis confirmed a significantly higher phonatory comfort and voice quality perception for the experimental group.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study support the immediate advantageous effects on singing voice of a semi-occluded vocal tract exercise with a ventilation mask in terms of acoustic quality, phonatory comfort, and voice quality perception in contemporary commercial singers. Long-term effects still remain to be studied.
PMID: 27346393 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Antibiotic resistance patterns of Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains isolated from inpatients with nosocomial infections in a tertiary hospital in Beijing, China from 2011 to 2014.
| Related Articles |
Antibiotic resistance patterns of Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains isolated from inpatients with nosocomial infections in a tertiary hospital in Beijing, China from 2011 to 2014.
J Chemother. 2016 Jun 27;:1-4
Authors: Zhu X, Tong A, Wang D, Sun H, Chen L, Dong M
Abstract
This study was to evaluate the resistance of antimicrobial agents against pathogens from inpatients with nosocomial infection collected in Beijing, China, during 2011-2014. Measurement of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was carried out using the broth microdilution method with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines as the indicator. A total of 5442 Gram-negative and 806 Gram-positive isolates were collected in this study in 2011-2014. Two carbapenem-resistant strains appeared among Escherichia coli (E. coli), while imipenem-resistant isolates increased in proportion from 0% to 8.2% among Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) during 4 year. Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) revealed severe antibacterial resistance to most antimicrobial agents. In contrast, a decreasing trend on resistance had been observed among Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) especially after 2012, range from 1.8% for co-trimoxazole to 13.5% for piperacillin. The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) also had the lowest resistant to linezolid and vancomycin (0.1%). In summary, antimicrobial-resistant nosocomial pathogens have gradually increased from 2011 to 2014, so improved surveillance of hospital-acquired infections and effective infection-control measures may be the best way to solve the present problem.
PMID: 27347770 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: A case report and literature review.
| Related Articles |
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: A case report and literature review.
Exp Ther Med. 2016 Jul;12(1):319-322
Authors: Zhang YW, Zhong JH, Chen XL, Xiao F, Chen FY
Abstract
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a clinically aggressive tumor, which frequently presents as cutaneous lesions and subsequently progresses to bone marrow (BM) involvement and leukemic dissemination. BPDCN is a rare entity that belongs in the same class as acute myeloid leukemia-associated precursor neoplasms, according to the 2008 World Health Organization classification. The present study reported the case of a 26-year-old female who presented with evident thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis and anemia, but without skin lesions. The results of peripheral blood, BM smear and BM biopsy examinations detected numerous blastic or abnormal cells. In addition, flow cytometric analysis of BM demonstrated the presence of plasmacytoid dendritic cell-neoplastic precursor cells (CD4+, CD56+, CD123+, CD304+ and human leukocyte antigen-DR+ phenotype).
PMID: 27347056 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Amplification of transcutaneous and percutaneous bone-conduction devices with a test-band in an induced model of conductive hearing loss.
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Amplification of transcutaneous and percutaneous bone-conduction devices with a test-band in an induced model of conductive hearing loss.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jun 27;:1-5
Authors: Park MJ, Lee JR, Yang CJ, Yoo MH, Jin IS, Choi CH, Park HJ
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Transcutaneous devices have a disadvantage, the dampening effect by soft tissue between the bone and devices. We investigated hearing outcomes with percutaneous and transcutaneous devices using test-bands in an induced unilateral conductive hearing loss.
DESIGN: Comparison of hearing outcomes of two devices in the same individuals.
STUDY SAMPLE: The right ear was plugged in 30 subjects and a test-band with devices (Cochlear™ Baha® BP110 Power and Sophono® Alpha-2 MPO™) was applied on the right mastoid tip with the left ear masked. Sound-field thresholds, speech recognition thresholds (SRTs), and word recognition scores (WRSs) were compared.
RESULTS: Aided thresholds of Sophono were significantly better than those of Baha at most frequencies. Sophono WRSs (86 ± 12%) at 40 dB SPL and SRTs (14 ± 5 dB HL) were significantly better than those (73 ± 24% and 23 ± 8 dB HL) of Baha. However, Sophono WRSs (98 ± 3%) at 60 dB SPL did not differ from Baha WRSs (95 ± 12%).
CONCLUSION: Amplifications of the current transcutaneous device were not inferior to those of percutaneous devices with a test-band in subjects with normal bone-conduction thresholds. Since the percutaneous devices can increase the gain when fixed to the skull by eliminating the dampening effect, both devices are expected to provide sufficient hearing amplification.
PMID: 27347717 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Paediatric tinnitus: The unmet clinical need.
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Paediatric tinnitus: The unmet clinical need.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jun 27;:1-2
Authors: Humphriss R, Hall A, Baguley D
PMID: 27347601 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Quantitative assessment technique of HyperEye medical system angiography for coronary artery bypass grafting
Quantitative assessment technique of HyperEye medical system angiography for coronary artery bypass grafting:
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Abstract
Purpose
The HyperEye Medical System (HEMS) uses indocyanine green (ICG) to visualize blood vessels in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We performed quantitative HEMS assessment to detect grafts at risk of occlusion.
Methods
We assessed the HEMS angiograms of 177 grafts from 69 patients who underwent CABG and compared the results with those of fluoroscopic coronary angiography, by measuring the increasing rate of ICG intensity, average acceleration value, and time to peak luminance intensity.
Results
Grafts in the patent and failed groups showed significant differences in their increasing rate of intensity and average acceleration value. The average accelerations value of ICG intensity of internal thoracic artery (ITA) and saphenous vein (SV) grafts were 112.3 and 144.9 intensity/s2 in the patent group, and 71.0 and 91.8 intensity/s2 in the failed group. The time to peak luminance intensity was 1.7 and 1.4 s in the patent group and 2.3 and 1.9 s in the failed group; these values were not significantly different.
Conclusion
Significant reductions in the ICG intensity rate and average acceleration value can occur in failed grafts. Therefore, quantifiable changes in ICG intensity may help detect minute changes in blood flow.
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Amplification of transcutaneous and percutaneous bone-conduction devices with a test-band in an induced model of conductive hearing loss.
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Amplification of transcutaneous and percutaneous bone-conduction devices with a test-band in an induced model of conductive hearing loss.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jun 27;:1-5
Authors: Park MJ, Lee JR, Yang CJ, Yoo MH, Jin IS, Choi CH, Park HJ
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Transcutaneous devices have a disadvantage, the dampening effect by soft tissue between the bone and devices. We investigated hearing outcomes with percutaneous and transcutaneous devices using test-bands in an induced unilateral conductive hearing loss.
DESIGN: Comparison of hearing outcomes of two devices in the same individuals.
STUDY SAMPLE: The right ear was plugged in 30 subjects and a test-band with devices (Cochlear™ Baha® BP110 Power and Sophono® Alpha-2 MPO™) was applied on the right mastoid tip with the left ear masked. Sound-field thresholds, speech recognition thresholds (SRTs), and word recognition scores (WRSs) were compared.
RESULTS: Aided thresholds of Sophono were significantly better than those of Baha at most frequencies. Sophono WRSs (86 ± 12%) at 40 dB SPL and SRTs (14 ± 5 dB HL) were significantly better than those (73 ± 24% and 23 ± 8 dB HL) of Baha. However, Sophono WRSs (98 ± 3%) at 60 dB SPL did not differ from Baha WRSs (95 ± 12%).
CONCLUSION: Amplifications of the current transcutaneous device were not inferior to those of percutaneous devices with a test-band in subjects with normal bone-conduction thresholds. Since the percutaneous devices can increase the gain when fixed to the skull by eliminating the dampening effect, both devices are expected to provide sufficient hearing amplification.
PMID: 27347717 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Paediatric tinnitus: The unmet clinical need.
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Paediatric tinnitus: The unmet clinical need.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jun 27;:1-2
Authors: Humphriss R, Hall A, Baguley D
PMID: 27347601 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Pentoxifylline Inhibits WNT Signalling in β-Cateninhigh Patient-Derived Melanoma Cell Populations
by Beata Talar, Anna Gajos-Michniewicz, Marcin Talar, Salem Chouaib, Malgorzata Czyz
BackgroundThe heterogeneity of melanoma needs to be addressed and combination therapies seem to be necessary to overcome intrinsic and acquired resistance to newly developed immunotherapies and targeted therapies. Although the role of WNT/β-catenin pathway in melanoma was early demonstrated, its contribution to the lack of the melanoma patient response to treatment was only recently recognized. Using patient-derived melanoma cell populations, we investigated the influence of pentoxifylline on melanoma cells with either high or low expression of β-catenin.
FindingsOur results indicate that pentoxifylline inhibits the activity of the canonical WNT pathway in melanoma cell populations with high basal activity of this signalling. This is supported by lowered overall activity of transcription factors TCF/LEF and reduced nuclear localisation of active β-catenin. Moreover, treatment of β-cateninhigh melanoma cell populations with pentoxifylline induces downregulation of genes that are targets of the WNT/β-catenin pathway including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF-M), a melanocyte- and melanoma cell-specific regulator.
ConclusionsThese results suggest that pentoxifylline, a drug approved by the FDA in the treatment of peripheral arterial disease, might be tested in a subset of melanoma patients with elevated activity of β-catenin. This pharmaceutical might be tested as an adjuvant drug in combination therapies when the response to immunotherapy is prevented by high activity of the WNT/β-catenin pathway.
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Pentoxifylline Inhibits WNT Signalling in β-Cateninhigh Patient-Derived Melanoma Cell Populations
by Beata Talar, Anna Gajos-Michniewicz, Marcin Talar, Salem Chouaib, Malgorzata Czyz
BackgroundThe heterogeneity of melanoma needs to be addressed and combination therapies seem to be necessary to overcome intrinsic and acquired resistance to newly developed immunotherapies and targeted therapies. Although the role of WNT/β-catenin pathway in melanoma was early demonstrated, its contribution to the lack of the melanoma patient response to treatment was only recently recognized. Using patient-derived melanoma cell populations, we investigated the influence of pentoxifylline on melanoma cells with either high or low expression of β-catenin.
FindingsOur results indicate that pentoxifylline inhibits the activity of the canonical WNT pathway in melanoma cell populations with high basal activity of this signalling. This is supported by lowered overall activity of transcription factors TCF/LEF and reduced nuclear localisation of active β-catenin. Moreover, treatment of β-cateninhigh melanoma cell populations with pentoxifylline induces downregulation of genes that are targets of the WNT/β-catenin pathway including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF-M), a melanocyte- and melanoma cell-specific regulator.
ConclusionsThese results suggest that pentoxifylline, a drug approved by the FDA in the treatment of peripheral arterial disease, might be tested in a subset of melanoma patients with elevated activity of β-catenin. This pharmaceutical might be tested as an adjuvant drug in combination therapies when the response to immunotherapy is prevented by high activity of the WNT/β-catenin pathway.
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Semi-Professional Rugby League Players have Higher Concussion Risk than Professional or Amateur Participants: A Pooled Analysis
Abstract
A combined estimate of injuries within a specific sport through pooled analysis provides more precise evidence and meaningful information about the sport, whilst controlling for between-study variation due to individual sub-cohort characteristics. The objective of this analysis was to review all published rugby league studies reporting injuries from match and training participation and report the pooled data estimates for rugby league concussion injury epidemiology. A systematic literature analysis of concussion in rugby league was performed on published studies from January 1990 to October 2015. Data were extracted and pooled from 25 studies that reported the number and incidence of concussions in rugby league match and training activities. Amateur rugby league players had the highest incidence of concussive injuries in match activities (19.1 per 1000 match hours) while semi-professional players had the highest incidence of concussive injuries in training activities (3.1 per 1000 training hours). This pooled analysis showed that, during match participation activities, amateur rugby league participants had a higher reported concussion injury rate than professional and semi-professional participants. Semi-professional participants had nearly a threefold greater concussion injury risk than amateur rugby league participants during match participation. They also had nearly a 600-fold greater concussion injury risk than professional rugby league participants during training participation.
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Palliative resection of the primary tumor is associated with improved overall survival in incurable stage IV colorectal cancer: A nationwide population-based propensity-score adjusted study in The Netherlands.
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Palliative resection of the primary tumor is associated with improved overall survival in incurable stage IV colorectal cancer: A nationwide population-based propensity-score adjusted study in The Netherlands.
Int J Cancer. 2016 Jun 24;
Authors: Lam-Boer J', Van der Geest LG, Verhoef C, Elferink ME, Koopman M, de Wilt JH
Abstract
As the value of palliative primary tumor resection in stage IV colorectal cancer is still under debate, the purpose of this population-based study was to investigate if palliative primary tumor resection at the initial treatment after diagnosis was associated with improved overall survival. All patients with stage IV colorectal adenocarcinoma (2008-2011) were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry, and patients undergoing treatment with curative intent (i.e. metastasectomy, radiofrequency ablation and/or hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy), or best supportive care were excluded. After propensity score matching, a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was performed to determine the association between treatment strategy and mortality. From a total group of 10,371 patients with stage IV colorectal cancer, 2,746 patients (26%) underwent an elective palliative resection of the primary tumor, whether or not followed by systemic therapy; and 3,345 patients (32%) were initially treated with palliative systemic therapy. After propensity score matching, median overall survival in these groups was 17.2 months [95%CI 16.3-18.1] and 11.5 months [95%CI 11.0-12.0] respectively. In Cox regression analysis primary tumor resection was significantly associated with improved overall survival (Hazard Ratio of death = 0.44 [95%CI 0.35-0.55], p <.001). This large population-based study shows an overall survival benefit for patients with incurable stage IV colorectal cancer who underwent primary tumor resection as the initial treatment after diagnosis, compared to patients who started systemic therapy with the primary tumor in situ. This result is an argument in favor of resection of the primary tumor, even when patients have little to no symptoms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PMID: 27342618 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Measures of trainee performance in advanced endoscopy: A systematic review.
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Measures of trainee performance in advanced endoscopy: A systematic review.
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2016 Jun;30(3):421-52
Authors: James PD, Antonova L, Martel M, Barkun A
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The diversity, technical skills required, and risk inherent to advanced endoscopy techniques all contribute to complex training curricula and steep learning curves. Since trainees develop endoscopy skills at different rates, there has been a shift towards competency-based training and certification. Validated endoscopy performance measures for trainees are, therefore, necessary. The aim of this systematic review was to describe and critically assess the existing evidence regarding measures of performance for trainees in advanced endoscopy.
METHODS: A systematic review of the literature from January 1980 to January 2016 was carried out using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and ISI Web of knowledge databases. MeSH terms related to 'advanced endoscopy' and 'performance' were applied to a highly sensitive search strategy. The main outcomes were face, content, and construct validity, as well as reliability.
RESULTS: The literature search yielded 1,662 studies and 77 met the inclusion criteria after abstract and full-text review (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)=23, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)=30, colonoscopic polypectomy (CP)=11, balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE)=7, luminal stenting=3, radiofrequency ablation (RFA)=2, and endoscopic muscosal resection (EMR)=1). Good validity and reliability were found for measurement tools of overall performance in ERCP, EUS and CP, with applications for both patient-based and simulator training models. A number of specific technical skills were also shown to be valid measures of performance. These include: selective biliary cannulation, sphincterotomy, biliary stent placement, stone extraction and procedure time for ERCP; pancreatic solid mass T-staging, EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) procedure time, number of EUS-FNA passes and puncture precision for EUS; procedure time and en bloc resection rate for CP; retrograde fluoroscopy time for BAE; and mean number of endoscopy sessions required to achieve complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia (CIEM) for RFA. The evidence for EMR and luminal stenting is of insufficient quality to make recommendations.
CONCLUSIONS: We have identified multiple valid and readily available performance measures for advanced endoscopy trainees for ERCP, EUS, CP, BAE and RFA procedures. These tools should be considered in advanced endoscopy training programs wishing to move away from apprenticeship-based training and towards competency-based learning with the help of patient-based and simulator tools.
PMID: 27345650 [PubMed - in process]
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Radiofrequency Ablation of Left Atrial Reentrant Tachycardias in Rheumatic Mitral Valve Disease: A Case Series.
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Radiofrequency Ablation of Left Atrial Reentrant Tachycardias in Rheumatic Mitral Valve Disease: A Case Series.
Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2016 Jun 27;
Authors: Prabhu MA, Thajudeen A, Prasad B V S, Namboodiri N
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Left atrial reentrant tachycardias are not uncommon in regions where rheumatic heart disease is prevalent. Some of these arrhythmias may be curable by radiofrequency ablation. However, there is limited data pertaining to this in existing literature.
CASE REPORT: Three patients who had rheumatic mitral valve disease with past history of surgical/catheter based intervention and having no significant residual disease had symptomatic atrial flutter despite optimal medical management. An electrophysiological study confirmed a Left Atrial (LA) focal/microreentrant mechanism in all. There was patchy scarring of the LA, and successful radiofrequency ablation of these arrhythmias could be achieved.
CONCLUSION: The focal nature of the scar in these patients may suggest that the rheumatic involvement of the atrium or the hemodynamic consequence of the valvar lesion causes non-uniform insult to the atrial tissue and limited scar. At least in some patients with limited scarring, early RFA may help in the maintenance of sinus rhythm. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PMID: 27346449 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Multicenter Prospective Clinical Series Evaluating Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Painful Spine Metastases.
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Multicenter Prospective Clinical Series Evaluating Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Painful Spine Metastases.
Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2016 Jun 24;
Authors: Bagla S, Sayed D, Smirniotopoulos J, Brower J, Neal Rutledge J, Dick B, Carlisle J, Lekht I, Georgy B
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of vertebral body metastases (VBM) has been reported as safe and effective in retrospective studies. This single-arm prospective multicenter clinical study evaluates RFA in the treatment of painful VBM.
METHODS: Fifty patients with VBM were prospectively enrolled during a 13-month period at eight US centers under an IRB-approved study. Percutaneous RFA was performed under imaging guidance with cement augmentation at the discretion of the operator. Pain, disability and quality of life were evaluated at baseline, prior to discharge, days 3, 7, 30 and 90 using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General 7 (FACT-G7) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Quality-of-Life Measurement in Patients with Bone Pain (FACT-BP). Adverse events were monitored throughout this time interval.
RESULTS: Twenty-six male and 24 female patients (mean age 61.0) underwent 69 treatments (30 thoracic and 39 lumbar). Cement augmentation was performed in 96 % of reported levels. Significant improvement in mean scores for pain, disability and cancer-specific health-related quality of life from baseline to all time intervals was seen. NRPS improved from 5.9 to 2.1 (p < 0.0001). ODI improved from 52.9 to 37.0 (p < 0.08). FACT-G7 improved form 10.9 to 16.2 (p = 0.0001). FACT-BP improved from 22.6 to 38.9 (p < 0.001). No complications related to the procedure were reported.
CONCLUSION: RFA with cement augmentation safely and effectively reduces pain and disability rapidly, while increasing quality of life in patients suffering from vertebral body metastases.
PMID: 27343124 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Anti-Müllerian hormone in health and disease: a review
2016-06-28T07-30-43Z
Source: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Mangala Sirsikar, Venkata Bharat Kumar Pinnelli, Shrabani Mohanty, Jayashankar C. A..
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a homodimeric glycoprotein, member of the transforming growth factor β family of growth and differentiation factors. In the ovary, AMH has an inhibitory effect on primordial follicle recruitment as well as on the responsiveness of growing follicles to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The ovary-specific expression pattern in granulosa cells of growing non-selected follicles makes AMH an ideal marker for the size of the ovarian follicle pool. AMH levels accurately reflect the ovarian follicular reserve and could, therefore, be considered as an extremely sensitive marker of ovarian aging and a valuable tool in the diagnosis and the recognition of recurrence of granulosa cell tumors. Furthermore, AMH could be a surrogate diagnostic marker of polycystic ovary syndrome in cases in which ultrasonographic examination is not possible. Additionally AMH evaluation is of clinical importance in predicting the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Special reference is made to the possible implications of AMH in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome and the relationship between AMH and obesity. AMH also plays important role in evaluation of infants with ambiguous genitalia and other intersex conditions. This article is a review of the clinical usefulness of AMH evaluation in the fields of gynecological endocrinology, menopause, gynecological oncology and assisted reproduction and also in pediatric patients.
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Two-way relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease
2016-06-28T07-30-43Z
Source: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Kinjal J. Mehta.
The purpose of this literature review to find out what has been reported as a relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease. Both, the periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis, are chronic inflammatory diseases and share some common genetic factors. Both of the disease can produce severe destruction of connective tissue through host's immune response as well as various inflammatory pathways. A thorough literature review has demonstrated that rheumatoid arthritis can impact the severity of periodontitis and has more severe bone and tooth loss. In the same way, people who have periodontal diseases are more prone to developing rheumatoid arthritis, P. gingivalis, which is the key factor in the development of periodontal disease, has an endogenous enzyme which plays a crucial role in the development of the rheumatoid arthritis. The health promotion educational material and campaigns must be conducted to raise awareness and knowledge among professional and general population. Dentists and dental professionals should provide thorough information to their patients. Furthermore, an advanced research should be conducted to find out the type of relationship between RA and periodontal disease.
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A rare case of xanthogranulomatous cervicitis in post radiation radical hysterectomy
2016-06-28T07-30-43Z
Source: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Padmanaban K. Govindaraman, S. Marimuthu.
Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a distinguished form of chronic inflammation affecting several organs, predominantly the kidney and gallbladder. Involvement of female genital tract is rare. So far only one case of xanthogranulomatous inflammation of cervix has been reported in Indian literature. We report a case of xanthogranulomatous cervicitis in a 38 year female who had undergone radiotherapy for carcinoma cervix. Probably this is the first case in Indian literature to be reported in the setting of carcinoma of cervix.
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Acinar cell carcinoma: a report of 19 cases with a brief review of the literature
Acinar cell carcinoma: a report of 19 cases with a brief review of the literature:
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Abstract
Background
Acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is a relatively rare pancreatic neoplasm with poorly defined prognosis. This study aimed to investigate this rare pancreatic neoplasm through comparing patients with ACC to pancreatic ductal cell adenocarcinoma (DCA).
Methods
Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital pathology database was reviewed from 1995 to 2015, and 19 patients with pathologically confirmed ACC were enrolled while 19 conventional DCA patients assigned randomly as control. Retrospective review and follow-up were performed for each patient. Regression methods were used to identify differences between ACC and DCA.
Results
In our study, most patients suffered from abdominal or back pain, and no lipase hypersecretion syndrome was observed. For ACC, resected cases had better survival than those without resection, and earlier staging was related to longer survival. Resection with postoperative adjuvant therapy had a better outcome than surgery alone. Twelve cases developed recurrence. Compared to DCA, ACC had earlier staging and better survival. The overall 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates for patients with ACC were 73.7, 26.3, and 5 %, respectively.
Conclusions
ACC carries a better prognosis than DCA and a similarly high recurrence rate, while surgical resection proved the best first-line approach for it. A well-planned neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemoradiotherapy indeed benefit the patients with ACC.
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Quantitative assessment technique of HyperEye medical system angiography for coronary artery bypass grafting
Quantitative assessment technique of HyperEye medical system angiography for coronary artery bypass grafting:
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Abstract
Purpose
The HyperEye Medical System (HEMS) uses indocyanine green (ICG) to visualize blood vessels in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We performed quantitative HEMS assessment to detect grafts at risk of occlusion.
Methods
We assessed the HEMS angiograms of 177 grafts from 69 patients who underwent CABG and compared the results with those of fluoroscopic coronary angiography, by measuring the increasing rate of ICG intensity, average acceleration value, and time to peak luminance intensity.
Results
Grafts in the patent and failed groups showed significant differences in their increasing rate of intensity and average acceleration value. The average accelerations value of ICG intensity of internal thoracic artery (ITA) and saphenous vein (SV) grafts were 112.3 and 144.9 intensity/s2 in the patent group, and 71.0 and 91.8 intensity/s2 in the failed group. The time to peak luminance intensity was 1.7 and 1.4 s in the patent group and 2.3 and 1.9 s in the failed group; these values were not significantly different.
Conclusion
Significant reductions in the ICG intensity rate and average acceleration value can occur in failed grafts. Therefore, quantifiable changes in ICG intensity may help detect minute changes in blood flow.
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Acinar cell carcinoma: a report of 19 cases with a brief review of the literature
Abstract
Background
Acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is a relatively rare pancreatic neoplasm with poorly defined prognosis. This study aimed to investigate this rare pancreatic neoplasm through comparing patients with ACC to pancreatic ductal cell adenocarcinoma (DCA).
Methods
Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital pathology database was reviewed from 1995 to 2015, and 19 patients with pathologically confirmed ACC were enrolled while 19 conventional DCA patients assigned randomly as control. Retrospective review and follow-up were performed for each patient. Regression methods were used to identify differences between ACC and DCA.
Results
In our study, most patients suffered from abdominal or back pain, and no lipase hypersecretion syndrome was observed. For ACC, resected cases had better survival than those without resection, and earlier staging was related to longer survival. Resection with postoperative adjuvant therapy had a better outcome than surgery alone. Twelve cases developed recurrence. Compared to DCA, ACC had earlier staging and better survival. The overall 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates for patients with ACC were 73.7, 26.3, and 5 %, respectively.
Conclusions
ACC carries a better prognosis than DCA and a similarly high recurrence rate, while surgical resection proved the best first-line approach for it. A well-planned neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemoradiotherapy indeed benefit the patients with ACC.
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Quantitative assessment technique of HyperEye medical system angiography for coronary artery bypass grafting
Abstract
Purpose
The HyperEye Medical System (HEMS) uses indocyanine green (ICG) to visualize blood vessels in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We performed quantitative HEMS assessment to detect grafts at risk of occlusion.
Methods
We assessed the HEMS angiograms of 177 grafts from 69 patients who underwent CABG and compared the results with those of fluoroscopic coronary angiography, by measuring the increasing rate of ICG intensity, average acceleration value, and time to peak luminance intensity.
Results
Grafts in the patent and failed groups showed significant differences in their increasing rate of intensity and average acceleration value. The average accelerations value of ICG intensity of internal thoracic artery (ITA) and saphenous vein (SV) grafts were 112.3 and 144.9 intensity/s2 in the patent group, and 71.0 and 91.8 intensity/s2 in the failed group. The time to peak luminance intensity was 1.7 and 1.4 s in the patent group and 2.3 and 1.9 s in the failed group; these values were not significantly different.
Conclusion
Significant reductions in the ICG intensity rate and average acceleration value can occur in failed grafts. Therefore, quantifiable changes in ICG intensity may help detect minute changes in blood flow.
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Nutritional Status Parameters as Risk Factors for Mortality in Cancer Patients.
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Nutritional Status Parameters as Risk Factors for Mortality in Cancer Patients.
Nutr Cancer. 2016 Jun 27;:1-9
Authors: Mauricio SF, Ribeiro HS, Correia MI
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between weight loss, handgrip strength (HGS) and phase angle (PA) before the beginning of chemotherapy with overall survival in cancer patients. Patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal and breast cancer who were over 18 years old and were scheduled to undergo adjuvant treatment at Hospital Borges da Costa/Brazil were evaluated. The exclusion criteria were neoadjuvant treatment, patients with kidney and liver disease and using diuretics. Weight, HGS and PA tests were performed by trained dietitians. The Kaplan-Meier survival method and the log-rank test, cox regression and ROC curve were used and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Two-hundred and twenty-eight patients were evaluated.The median survival time was higher among the patients who showed weight loss of less than 10% of usual body weight (p < 0.05). Regarding HGS, patients with decreased HGS had a 22.0 month survival versus 34.2 months for those with normal values (p < 0.05). 146 patients had normal PA values, and these patients had increased survival time compared to those with inappropriate values (p < 0.05). In the Cox regression, weight loss and PA were predictors of mortality, HGS wasn't significantly associated with mortality. ROC analysis revealed that weight loss was the nutritional status parameter with the most predictive power.
PMID: 27348185 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Sinus venosus atrial septal defect presenting with brain abscesses in a 77-year-old immunocompetent patient.
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Sinus venosus atrial septal defect presenting with brain abscesses in a 77-year-old immunocompetent patient.
BMJ Case Rep. 2015;2015
Authors: Alhamshari YS, Punjabi C, Pressman GS, Govil A
Abstract
We present a case of 77-year-old immunocompetent patient who initially presented with vertigo, nausea and vomiting, with symptoms later progressing to headaches and increased lethargy. Brain MRI revealed ring-enhancing lesions typical of abscesses in the right cerebellum. Transoesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was performed to look for the source of his abscesses, and uncovered a sinus venosus type atrial septal defect. Cardiac CT was carried out; the patient was found to have a sinus venosus atrial septal defect with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. Moreover, dental examination showed multiple dental caries with poor oral hygiene. The patient was started on intravenous empiric antibiotics and steroids. Subsequent brain imaging showed almost complete resolution of the abscesses. The patient's symptoms started to improve, and he was eventually sent to an intensive rehabilitation centre with future plans to surgically correct his congenital heart disease to prevent further complications.
PMID: 26475881 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Use of specific immunoglobulins and vaccines for the management of accidental needlestick injury in the child: a practical review in the anti-vaccination movement era.
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Use of specific immunoglobulins and vaccines for the management of accidental needlestick injury in the child: a practical review in the anti-vaccination movement era.
J Chemother. 2016 Jun 27;:1-4
Authors: Sollai S, Iacopelli J, Giovannini M, Prato M, Galli L, de Martino M, Chiappini E
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Accidental needle injury is a common but still discussed problem.
OBJECTIVE: We discuss possible options to optimize the management of injured children in light of the available literature findings.
RESULTS: The risk of viral infection is low. However, blood investigations are mandatory, as well as appropriate counselling. Anti-HBV immunoglobulins are recommended in all unvaccinated subjects exposed to a HBsAg-positive source; however, there is no agreement regarding their administration in unvaccinated children. Use of anti-tetanus immunoglobulins in unvaccinated child with minor and clean wound is well defined; however, wound type classification in the event of needlestick injury may be difficult and subjective. There is no agreement on the routine use of antiretroviral prophylaxis.
CONCLUSION: From a practical point of view, several unsolved issues have emerged regarding the management of the children with needlestick injury, which appear particularly relevant in the anti-vaccination movement era. International guidelines should be encouraged at this regard.
PMID: 27347887 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Amplification of transcutaneous and percutaneous bone-conduction devices with a test-band in an induced model of conductive hearing loss.
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Amplification of transcutaneous and percutaneous bone-conduction devices with a test-band in an induced model of conductive hearing loss.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jun 27;:1-5
Authors: Park MJ, Lee JR, Yang CJ, Yoo MH, Jin IS, Choi CH, Park HJ
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Transcutaneous devices have a disadvantage, the dampening effect by soft tissue between the bone and devices. We investigated hearing outcomes with percutaneous and transcutaneous devices using test-bands in an induced unilateral conductive hearing loss.
DESIGN: Comparison of hearing outcomes of two devices in the same individuals.
STUDY SAMPLE: The right ear was plugged in 30 subjects and a test-band with devices (Cochlear™ Baha® BP110 Power and Sophono® Alpha-2 MPO™) was applied on the right mastoid tip with the left ear masked. Sound-field thresholds, speech recognition thresholds (SRTs), and word recognition scores (WRSs) were compared.
RESULTS: Aided thresholds of Sophono were significantly better than those of Baha at most frequencies. Sophono WRSs (86 ± 12%) at 40 dB SPL and SRTs (14 ± 5 dB HL) were significantly better than those (73 ± 24% and 23 ± 8 dB HL) of Baha. However, Sophono WRSs (98 ± 3%) at 60 dB SPL did not differ from Baha WRSs (95 ± 12%).
CONCLUSION: Amplifications of the current transcutaneous device were not inferior to those of percutaneous devices with a test-band in subjects with normal bone-conduction thresholds. Since the percutaneous devices can increase the gain when fixed to the skull by eliminating the dampening effect, both devices are expected to provide sufficient hearing amplification.
PMID: 27347717 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Rapid Blue-Carba test: reduction in the detection time of carbapenemases performed from a 4-hour bacterial lawn.
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Rapid Blue-Carba test: reduction in the detection time of carbapenemases performed from a 4-hour bacterial lawn.
J Chemother. 2016 Jun 27;:1-4
Authors: Nastro M, Ayora M, García S, Vay C, Famiglietti Á, Rodriguez CH
Abstract
The increase in carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria is a matter of concern due to the limited therapeutic options available. In severe infections caused by these isolates, the rapid detection of the mechanisms of resistance is vital. We described a slightly modified version of the Blue-Carba test, rapid Blue-Carba test, which allows the detection of carbapenemases at 4 h of incubation from a haze of bacterial growth obtained from a positive blood culture. It was able to detect carbapenemase-producing isolates (Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii) with a sensitivity and specificity of 98.1 and 100%, respectively. It is a rapid, easy-to-perform and an inexpensive technique that can be applied to routine laboratories, together with the simultaneous identification by mass spectrometry which would help to screen non-enzymatic carbapenem resistance; this method allows the detection of clinically relevant multidrug-resistant bacteria and the early implementation of accurate therapeutic interventions.
PMID: 27347714 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Paediatric tinnitus: The unmet clinical need.
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Paediatric tinnitus: The unmet clinical need.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jun 27;:1-2
Authors: Humphriss R, Hall A, Baguley D
PMID: 27347601 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Successful Treatment of Pyoderma Gangrenosum with Cryoglobulinemia and Hepatitis C.
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Successful Treatment of Pyoderma Gangrenosum with Cryoglobulinemia and Hepatitis C.
Am J Case Rep. 2016;17:434-8
Authors: Pourmorteza M, Tawadros F, Bader G, Al-Tarawneh M, Cook E, Shams W, Young M
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare, ulcerative cutaneous condition that was first described by Brocq in 1916. This diagnosis is quite challenging as the histopathological findings are nonspecific. Pyoderma gangrenosum is usually associated with inflammatory bowel disease, leukemia, and hepatitis C. We describe a rare clinical case of a patient with hepatitis C (HCV), mixed cryoglubinemia, and pyoderma gangrenosum, which was successfully treated with prednisone in combination with the new antiviral medication ledipasvir/sofosbuvir. CASE REPORT A 68-year-old male with a history of untreated HCV presented to the clinic with a left lower extremity ulcer that had progressively worsened over 4 days after the patient sustained a minor trauma to the left lower extremity. Examination revealed a 2×3 cm purulent ulcer with an erythematous rim on medial aspect of his left lower leg. HCV viral load and genotype analysis revealed genotype 1A with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showing viral counts of 9,506,048 and cryoglobulinemia. With a worsening and enlarging erythematous ulcer and failure of IV antibiotic therapy, the patient underwent skin biopsy, which showed acanthotic epidermis with superficial and deep perivascular lymphoplasmacytic dermatitis admixed with mild neutrophilic infiltrate. The patient was subsequently started on ledipasvir/sofosbuvir and prednisone with a high suspicion of pyoderma gangrenosum. At one-month follow-up at the hepatology clinic, the patient demonstrated a near resolution of the lower extremity ulcer with undetectable viral load. CONCLUSIONS Pyoderma gangrenosum is an inflammatory process of unknown etiology, and establishing the correct diagnosis can be a difficult task. For this reason it is prudent for clinicians to consider Pyoderma gangrenosum in their differential diagnosis, especially in the setting of a nonhealing surgical wound or skin infection.
PMID: 27345376 [PubMed - in process]
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Subcutaneous Panniculitis-like T Cell Lymphoma Mimicking Early-Onset Nodular Panniculitis.
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Subcutaneous Panniculitis-like T Cell Lymphoma Mimicking Early-Onset Nodular Panniculitis.
Am J Case Rep. 2016;17:429-33
Authors: Shen G, Dong L, Zhang S
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma is a very uncommon subtype of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. The manifestations of this rare disease are atypical at onset, and may mimic some rheumatic or dermatologic diseases, which causes the delay of diagnosis and treatment. CASE REPORT We report a 24-year-old man suffering from intermittent fever and skin nodules on the left anterior chest wall, who was initially misdiagnosed with nodular panniculitis and finally diagnosed with subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma through repeat examination of biopsy of the skin nodule. Positron emission tomography revealed extracutaneous adipose tissue involvement. Subsequently, hemophagocytic syndrome occurred while under a conventional dose of glucocorticoid, but remission was induced by treatment with cyclosporine A and high doses of dexamethasone. CONCLUSIONS In order to avoid the delay diagnosis and inappropriate treatment of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma, in addition to a thorough physical examination, PET-CT and disease-specific pathologic, immunophenotypic, and T cell receptor tests of the skin biopsy should be performed. Extracutaneous involvement, especially hemophagocytic syndrome, indicated worse prognosis. Even so, cyclosporine A plus high-dose corticosteroid could be an option of treatment.
PMID: 27342380 [PubMed - in process]
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Conversion of MIG6 peptide from the nonbinder to binder of lung cancer-related EGFR by phosphorylation and cyclization.
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Conversion of MIG6 peptide from the nonbinder to binder of lung cancer-related EGFR by phosphorylation and cyclization.
Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2016 Jun 25;:1-6
Authors: Li N, Wei M
Abstract
Development of chemical drugs and biologic agents to target human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has long been established as a promising therapeutic strategy for lung cancer. Previously, it was found that the tumor-suppressor protein MIG6 is a negative regulator of the EGFR kinase, which can bind at the activation interface of asymmetric dimer of EGFR kinase domains to disrupt EGFR dimerization and then inactivate the kinase. The protein adopts two separated segments, that is, MIG6(s1) and MIG6(s2), to directly interact with EGFR. Here, by computational modeling and analysis of the intermolecular interaction between EGFR kinase domain and MIG6(s2) peptide, we demonstrated that the dephosphorylated MIG6(s2) peptide can be converted from nonbinder to weak binder and then to moderate binder of EGFR by phosphorylation and cyclization, respectively; the former introduces strong electrostatic potential to EGFR-peptide complex by forming two geometrically satisfactory salt bridges across the complex interface, while the latter minimizes entropy penalty upon the binding of highly flexible peptide to EGFR. Subsequently, the linear phosphorylated and dephosphorylated peptides and phosphorylated cyclic peptide were synthesized and purified, and their binding affinities to the recombinant protein of human EGFR kinase domain were determined by fluorescence polarization titration. As expected theoretically, the linear dephosphorylated peptide has no observable binding to the kinase, and further phosphorylation and cyclization can confer, respectively, low and moderate affinities to the peptide, suggesting a good consistence between the computational analysis and experimental assay.
PMID: 27346601 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Linking DNA adduct formation and human cancer risk in chemical carcinogenesis.
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Linking DNA adduct formation and human cancer risk in chemical carcinogenesis.
Environ Mol Mutagen. 2016 Jun 27;
Authors: Poirier MC
Abstract
Over two centuries ago, Sir Percival Pott, a London surgeon, published a pioneering treatise showing that soot exposure was the cause of high incidences of scrotal cancers occurring in young men who worked as chimney sweeps. Practicing at a time when cellular pathology was not yet recognized, Sir Percival nonetheless observed that the high incidence and short latency of the chimney sweep cancers, was fundamentally different from the rare scrotal cancers typically found in elderly men. Furthermore, his diagnosis that the etiology of these cancers was related to chimney soot exposure, was absolutely accurate, conceptually novel, and initiated the field of "occupational cancer epidemiology." After many intervening years of research focused on mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis, briefly described here, it is clear that DNA damage, or DNA adduct formation, is "necessary but not sufficient" for tumor induction, and that many additional factors contribute to carcinogenesis. This review includes a synopsis of carcinogen-induced DNA adduct formation in experimental models and in the human population, with particular attention paid to molecular dosimetry and molecular cancer epidemiology. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PMID: 27346877 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Glomus tumour of the stomach.
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Glomus tumour of the stomach.
BMJ Case Rep. 2016;2016
Authors: Troller R, Soll C, Breitenstein S
Abstract
Glomus tumours are benign tumours typically arising from the glomus bodies and primarily found under the fingernails or toenails. These rare neoplasms account for <2% of all soft tissue tumours and are generally not found in the gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of a 40-year-old man presenting with recurrent epigastric pain and pyrosis. Endoscopy revealed a solitary tumour in the antrum of the stomach. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was suspicious for a gastrointestinal stroma tumour. After CT indicated the resectability of the tumour, showing neither lymphatic nor distant metastases, a laparoscopic-assisted gastric wedge resection was performed. Surprisingly, histology revealed a glomus tumour of the stomach.
PMID: 27343282 [PubMed - in process]
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Response to 'Commentary to "Evaluation of a new motion correction algorithm in PET/CT: combining the entire acquired PET data to create a single three-dimensional motion-corrected PET/CT image."'.
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Response to 'Commentary to "Evaluation of a new motion correction algorithm in PET/CT: combining the entire acquired PET data to create a single three-dimensional motion-corrected PET/CT image."'.
Nucl Med Commun. 2016 Aug;37(8):888
Authors: Minamimoto R
PMID: 27348243 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6 seropositivity is elevated in subjects with oral HPV16 infection.
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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6 seropositivity is elevated in subjects with oral HPV16 infection.
Cancer Epidemiol. 2016 Jun 23;43:30-34
Authors: Zhang Y, Waterboer T, Pawlita M, Sugar E, Minkoff H, Cranston RD, Wiley D, Burk R, Reddy S, Margolick J, Strickler H, Weber K, Gillison M, D'Souza G
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6 serum antibodies are common in people with HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers (HPV-OPC), but not the general population. We explored HPV16 seroprevalence in people with and without oral HPV16 infection, the cause of HPV-OPC.
METHODS: Oral rinse samples were collected semiannually and tested for 36 types of HPV DNA by PCR. HPV16 E6 serum antibodies were tested at the visit of first oral HPV detection in participants with prevalent (n=54), or incident (n=39) oral HPV16 DNA; or at baseline in matched participants with no oral HPV16 DNA (n=155) using multiplex serology assay. Predictors of seropositivity were examined using logistic regression.
RESULTS: HPV16 E6 seropositivity (7.5% vs 0.7%; p=0.005) but not seropositivity to the other HPV16 antigens, was significantly more common in those with than without oral HPV16 infection. There were only 8 HPV16 E6 seropositive participants, but oral HPV16 DNA remained a strong predictor of E6 seropositivity after adjustment for other risk factors (aOR=14.6 95%CI, 1.7-122.5). Seroprevalence was similar in those with prevalent (7.4%; 4/54), and incident (7.7%; 3/39) oral HPV16 infection (p=1.00). E6 seroprevalence was associated with reduced oral HPV16 clearance, but was not statistically significant (HR=0.65 95% CI, 0.16-2.70). Seropositive participants were primarily male (87.5%), HIV-positive (75.0%; median CD4 cell-count of 840) and had oral HPV16 DNA (87.5%). History of an HPV-related cancer (0/8) or HPV-related anogenital dysplasia (1/8) was rare, and 4 participants had recent screening showing no anogenital dysplasia.
DISCUSSION: HPV16 E6 seropositivity was higher among people with than without oral HPV16 infection, despite no known anogenital disease in these participants.
PMID: 27344614 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Commentary to 'Evaluation of a new motion correction algorithm in PET/CT: combining the entire acquired PET data to create a single three-dimensional motion-corrected PET/CT image'.
| Related Articles |
Commentary to 'Evaluation of a new motion correction algorithm in PET/CT: combining the entire acquired PET data to create a single three-dimensional motion-corrected PET/CT image'.
Nucl Med Commun. 2016 Aug;37(8):888
Authors: Havariyoun G
PMID: 27348242 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: A case report and literature review.
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Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: A case report and literature review.
Exp Ther Med. 2016 Jul;12(1):319-322
Authors: Zhang YW, Zhong JH, Chen XL, Xiao F, Chen FY
Abstract
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a clinically aggressive tumor, which frequently presents as cutaneous lesions and subsequently progresses to bone marrow (BM) involvement and leukemic dissemination. BPDCN is a rare entity that belongs in the same class as acute myeloid leukemia-associated precursor neoplasms, according to the 2008 World Health Organization classification. The present study reported the case of a 26-year-old female who presented with evident thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis and anemia, but without skin lesions. The results of peripheral blood, BM smear and BM biopsy examinations detected numerous blastic or abnormal cells. In addition, flow cytometric analysis of BM demonstrated the presence of plasmacytoid dendritic cell-neoplastic precursor cells (CD4+, CD56+, CD123+, CD304+ and human leukocyte antigen-DR+ phenotype).
PMID: 27347056 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Singing voice outcomes following singing voice therapy.
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Singing voice outcomes following singing voice therapy.
Laryngoscope. 2016 Jun 27;
Authors: Dastolfo-Hromack C, Thomas TL, Rosen CA, Gartner-Schmidt J
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The objectives of this study were to describe singing voice therapy (SVT), describe referred patient characteristics, and document the outcomes of SVT.
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective.
METHODS: Records of patients receiving SVT between June 2008 and June 2013 were reviewed (n = 51). All diagnoses were included. Demographic information, number of SVT sessions, and symptom severity were retrieved from the medical record. Symptom severity was measured via the 10-item Singing Voice Handicap Index (SVHI-10). Treatment outcome was analyzed by diagnosis, history of previous training, and SVHI-10.
RESULTS: SVHI-10 scores decreased following SVT (mean change = 11, 40% decrease) (P < .001). Approximately 18% (n = 9) of patient SVHI-10 scores decreased to normal range. The average number of sessions attended was three (± 2); patients who concurrently attended singing lessons (n = 10) also completed an average of three SVT sessions. Primary muscle tension dysphonia (MTD1) and benign vocal fold lesion (lesion) were the most common diagnoses. Most patients (60%) had previous vocal training. SVHI-10 decrease was not significantly different between MTD and lesion.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first outcome-based study of SVT in a disordered population. Diagnosis of MTD or lesion did not influence treatment outcomes. Duration of SVT was short (approximately three sessions). Voice care providers are encouraged to partner with a singing voice therapist to provide optimal care for the singing voice. This study supports the use of SVT as a tool for the treatment of singing voice disorders.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2016.
PMID: 27345762 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Oncocytic Variant of Malignant Gastrointestinal Neuroectodermal Tumor: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall.
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Oncocytic Variant of Malignant Gastrointestinal Neuroectodermal Tumor: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall.
Hum Pathol. 2016 Jun 23;
Authors: Boland JM, Folpe AL
Abstract
Malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor is a very rare, aggressive malignant neoplasm that may occur in any location in the gastrointestinal tract. Malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumors typically consist of sheet-like to pseudopapillary proliferation of primitive-appearing epithelioid cells with a moderate amount of lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm, round nuclei and small nucleoli, often in association with osteoclast-like giant cells. By immunohistochemistry, these tumors show expression of S100 protein and SOX10, in the absence of expression of more specific melanocytic markers (e.g., HMB45, Melan A). Genetically, malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumors are characterized by rearrangements of the EWSR1 or FUS genes with CREB1 or ATF1. We report a case of gastric malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor occurring in a 46-year-old woman and showing striking oncocytic cytoplasmic change, a previously undescribed potential diagnostic pitfall. An initial needle biopsy showed large, eosinophilic cells with S100 protein and SOX10 expression and lacking expression of KIT, DOG1, Melan A, keratin, chromogranin, or smooth muscle actin, and was interpreted as representing a granular cell tumor. The subsequent excision specimen showed similar-appearing areas, but also contained small more primitive-appearing areas, lacking oncocytic change and having high nuclear grade and brisk mitotic activity. This resection specimen was initially diagnosed as a malignant granular cell tumor. However subsequent gene expression profiling studies showed a EWSR1-ATF1 fusion, confirmed with fluorescence in situ hybridization for EWSR1, and a final diagnosis of MGNET with oncocytic change was made. This case highlights a previously undescribed pitfall in the diagnosis of MGNET, oncocytic change, and suggests that MGNET should be included in the differential diagnosis for unusual oncocytic neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract.
PMID: 27346570 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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