A fluorescent glycosyl-imprinted polymer for pH and temperature regulated sensing of target glycopeptide antibiotic

Publication date: 15 August 2017
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 94
Author(s): Kuncai Chen, Rong He, Xiaoyan Luo, Pengzhe Qin, Lei Tan, Youwen Tang, Zhicong Yang
This paper demonstrates a new strategy for developing a fluorescent glycosyl-imprinted polymer for pH and temperature regulated sensing of target glycopeptide antibiotic. The technique provides amino modified Mn-doped ZnS QDs as fluorescent supports, 4-vinylphenylbronic acid as a covalent monomer, N-isopropyl acrylamide as a thermo-responsive monomer in combination with acrylamide as a non-covalent monomer, and glycosyl moiety of a glycopeptide antibiotic as a template to produce fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer (FMIP) in aqueous solution. The FMIP can alter its functional moieties and structure with pH and temperature stimulation. This allows recognition of target molecules through control of pH and temperature. The fluorescence intensity of the FMIP was enhanced gradually as the concentration of telavancin increased, and showed selective recognition toward the target glycopeptide antibiotic preferentially among other antibiotics. Using the FMIP as a sensing material, good linear correlations were obtained over the concentration range of 3.0–300.0μg/L and with a low limit of detection of 1.0μg/L. The analysis results of telavancin in real samples were consistent with that obtained by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.



http://ift.tt/2nsRYAe

Comparison of T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging for evaluating perianal fistulas

Publication date: Available online 31 March 2017
Source:Clinical Imaging
Author(s): Jiyeon Baik, Seung Ho Kim, Yedaun Lee, Jung-Hee Yoon
PurposeTo compare the lesion conspicuity and diagnostic performance of three imaging data sets (T2WI, combined T2WI and DWI [combined DWI], contrast-enhanced (CE)-T1WI) in assessing perianal fistulas.MethodsTwo radiologists with 7 and 15years of experience assessed 28 fistulas from 24 patients in each image set.ResultsThe lesion conspicuity was improved for only one reader after reading the combined DWI (P=0.0039) and CE-T1WI (P=0.0215). The accuracy was stationary for fistula type (reader 1, all 93%; reader 2, all 89%) or for direction of internal opening (96% for all sets; 92% for CE-T1WI).ConclusionAlthough combined DWI and CE-T1WI might improve fistula conspicuity, they showed comparable diagnostic performance to T2WI.



http://ift.tt/2oJoRsO

Zn vacancy formation, Zn evaporation and decomposition of ZnSb at elevated temperatures: Influence on the microstructure and the electrical properties

Publication date: 5 July 2017
Source:Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Volume 710
Author(s): Xin Song, Matthias Schrade, Nahum Masó, Terje G. Finstad
The influence of annealing on the microstructure and electrical properties of undoped polycrystalline ZnSb samples has been investigated by different experimental techniques. In situ XRD in an argon atmosphere showed that ZnSb powders decompose at 300 °C, which is attributed to Zn evaporation. In situ SEM in a moist atmosphere showed fast surface deterioration at 450 °C and above, reflecting decomposition of ZnSb and the formation of metallic Sb precipitates. The rate of Zn loss in a reducing atmosphere was determined by thermogravimetry and related to the Zn partial vapor pressure. The increase of the hole carrier concentration of ZnSb measured at room temperature after heat treatment was correlated with Zn evaporation at elevated temperature. The carrier concentration after annealing at 400 °C is consistent with an activation energy for Zn vacancy formation of 0.4 eV and a maximum Zn deficiency x of Zn1-xSb of 1 × 10⁻³.



http://ift.tt/2nK6VRe

Synthesis and characterization of Zn-Ti layered double hydroxide intercalated with cinnamic acid for cosmetic application

Publication date: August 2017
Source:Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Volume 107
Author(s): Yong Li, Liping Tang, Xinxu Ma, Xinrui Wang, Wei Zhou, Dongsheng Bai
The use of sunscreen is recently growing and their efficacy and safety must be taken into account since they are applied on the skin frequently. In this work, an organic ultraviolet (UV) ray absorbent, cinnamic acid (CA) was intercalated into Zn-Ti layered double hydroxide (LDH) by anion-exchange reaction. ZnTi-CA-LDH, a new type of host-guest UV-blocking material has been synthesized. Detailed structural and surface morphology of ZnTi-CA-LDH were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM and TEM. ZnTi-CA-LDH exhibits a superior UV blocking ability compared to pure CA and ZnTi-CO3-LDH. The thermal stability of the intercalated ZnTi-CA-LDH was investigated by TG-DTA, which showed that the thermostability of CA was markedly enhanced after intercalation into ZnTi-CO3-LDH. The EPR data showed greatly decreased photocatalytic activity compared to common inorganic UV blocking agents TiO2 and ZnO. Furthermore, the sample was formulated in a sunscreen cream to study the matrix protective effect towards UV rays.



http://ift.tt/2nsLVff

Structural, elastic and electronic properties of B2-type modified by ternary additions FeAl-based intermetallics: First-principles study

Publication date: 5 July 2017
Source:Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Volume 710
Author(s): Yibing Zheng, Fen Wang, Taotao Ai, Chuang Li
The structural, elastic and electronic properties of FeAl (B2) intermetallics modified by ternary additions have been investigated by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The calculations of the formation enthalpy indicate that Al atoms are more easily replaced by the alloying elements X (X = V, Sc, Mn, Si, Mg, Co, Zr, Cu, Zn, Nb, Cr, Mo, W, Ti, Ni). The ratio of the bulk modulus to shear modulus B/G and Poisson's ratio v show that the FeAl-Cr, FeAl-Ti, and FeAl-Co systems are ductile materials and FeAl-Co (B/G = 1.92, v = 0.28) is the most ductile phase among these alloy phases. The electronic structure calculations indicate that the doping by Cr, Ti and Co may lead to the charge redistribution, the weakening of the Al-Al interaction, and strengthening of the Fe-Fe and Fe-Al interactions. It can be concluded that Cr, Ti and Co form the most stable FeAl-based intermetallics.



http://ift.tt/2nJZkC1

Novel immunotherapy and treatment modality for severe food allergies.

Purpose of review: In recent years, many studies on oral immunotherapy (OIT) have been conducted; however, few have focused on severe food allergies. The purpose of this review was to assess the efficacy and safety of oral immunotherapies for patients with severe food allergy. Recent findings: We reviewed multiple immunotherapy reports published within a few years or reports focusing on severe food allergies. We also investigated recent studies on OIT and novel food allergy management. Summary: Immunotherapies targeting low-dose antigen exposure and oral food challenges using low-dose target volumes may be safer than conventional OIT. It is necessary to consider which immunotherapy regimen is appropriate based on allergy severity of the patient. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2nK7k5P

Behavioral interventions to improve asthma outcomes: a systematic review of recent publications.

Purpose of review: Asthma outcomes are influenced by factors at multiple ecological levels: the individual and his/her family, home, medical care, and community. This systematic review describes recently published single-level and multilevel behavioral interventions to improve asthma outcomes. Recent findings: Of the 23 total title/abstracts reviewed in the original systematic search of PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, PsychINFO, and CIHAHL reference review databases, six met inclusion criteria. Five of the studies focused on low-income and/or minority populations. Promising interventions include culturally tailored online asthma self-management programs and family-centered asthma education delivered at the bedside during hospitalization for an acute asthma exacerbation. Summary: Culturally, tailored online self-management programs offer difficult-to-reach populations asthma support that can be completed at the time and pace most convenient for the individual user. Family-focused asthma education, delivered at the bedside during an acute asthma hospitalization by highly motivated lay volunteers, is an efficacious and low-cost approach to improving pediatric asthma self-management. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2npq2w9

Novel immunotherapy and treatment modality for severe food allergies.

Purpose of review: In recent years, many studies on oral immunotherapy (OIT) have been conducted; however, few have focused on severe food allergies. The purpose of this review was to assess the efficacy and safety of oral immunotherapies for patients with severe food allergy. Recent findings: We reviewed multiple immunotherapy reports published within a few years or reports focusing on severe food allergies. We also investigated recent studies on OIT and novel food allergy management. Summary: Immunotherapies targeting low-dose antigen exposure and oral food challenges using low-dose target volumes may be safer than conventional OIT. It is necessary to consider which immunotherapy regimen is appropriate based on allergy severity of the patient. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2nK7k5P

Behavioral interventions to improve asthma outcomes: a systematic review of recent publications.

Purpose of review: Asthma outcomes are influenced by factors at multiple ecological levels: the individual and his/her family, home, medical care, and community. This systematic review describes recently published single-level and multilevel behavioral interventions to improve asthma outcomes. Recent findings: Of the 23 total title/abstracts reviewed in the original systematic search of PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, PsychINFO, and CIHAHL reference review databases, six met inclusion criteria. Five of the studies focused on low-income and/or minority populations. Promising interventions include culturally tailored online asthma self-management programs and family-centered asthma education delivered at the bedside during hospitalization for an acute asthma exacerbation. Summary: Culturally, tailored online self-management programs offer difficult-to-reach populations asthma support that can be completed at the time and pace most convenient for the individual user. Family-focused asthma education, delivered at the bedside during an acute asthma hospitalization by highly motivated lay volunteers, is an efficacious and low-cost approach to improving pediatric asthma self-management. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2npq2w9

Ethical Considerations for Successfully Navigating the Research Process

Publication date: Available online 31 March 2017
Source:Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
Author(s): Lauri Byerley, Helen Lane, Mary-Jon Ludy, Mara Z. Vitolins, Ellen Anderson, Kathleen Niedert, Karin Pennington, Jimin Yang, Jenica K. Abram




http://ift.tt/2mXBFiI

Novel immunotherapy and treatment modality for severe food allergies.

Purpose of review: In recent years, many studies on oral immunotherapy (OIT) have been conducted; however, few have focused on severe food allergies. The purpose of this review was to assess the efficacy and safety of oral immunotherapies for patients with severe food allergy. Recent findings: We reviewed multiple immunotherapy reports published within a few years or reports focusing on severe food allergies. We also investigated recent studies on OIT and novel food allergy management. Summary: Immunotherapies targeting low-dose antigen exposure and oral food challenges using low-dose target volumes may be safer than conventional OIT. It is necessary to consider which immunotherapy regimen is appropriate based on allergy severity of the patient. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2nK7k5P

Behavioral interventions to improve asthma outcomes: a systematic review of recent publications.

Purpose of review: Asthma outcomes are influenced by factors at multiple ecological levels: the individual and his/her family, home, medical care, and community. This systematic review describes recently published single-level and multilevel behavioral interventions to improve asthma outcomes. Recent findings: Of the 23 total title/abstracts reviewed in the original systematic search of PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, PsychINFO, and CIHAHL reference review databases, six met inclusion criteria. Five of the studies focused on low-income and/or minority populations. Promising interventions include culturally tailored online asthma self-management programs and family-centered asthma education delivered at the bedside during hospitalization for an acute asthma exacerbation. Summary: Culturally, tailored online self-management programs offer difficult-to-reach populations asthma support that can be completed at the time and pace most convenient for the individual user. Family-focused asthma education, delivered at the bedside during an acute asthma hospitalization by highly motivated lay volunteers, is an efficacious and low-cost approach to improving pediatric asthma self-management. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2npq2w9

Cytokine Expression Profile as Predictive Surrogate Biomarkers for Clinical Events in the Field of Solid Organ Transplantation

The morbidity and mortality after solid organ transplantation leads to poor outcomes in the long-term graft survival. There are many sources increasing bad outcomes within the post-transplant period reducing the quality of recipient´s life, such as rejection episodes, opportunistic infections as well as immunosuppression related morbidity. A complete understanding on the immune system responses against the allo-graft remains unknown. Recently, some pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ and IL-17, as well as IL-2, have been proposed as surrogate biomarkers able to predict the appearance of clinical event episodes. In this review we summarize the latest findings regarding the immune function monitoring in solid organ transplantation as well as the most common techniques (ELISPOT, ELISA and Flow Cytometry) that have been widely used across different clinical laboratories.

http://ift.tt/2nGCUjf

Sensitization patterns among patients with atopic dermatitis evaluated in a large tertiary care pediatric center

Publication date: Available online 31 March 2017
Source:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Author(s): Samantha M. Knox, Elizabeth A. Erwin, Joy L. Mosser-Goldfarb, Rebecca Scherzer




http://ift.tt/2olMBHo

A randomized, single-blinded trial of a tripeptide/hexapeptide healing regimen following laser resurfacing of the face

Summary

Background

A topical healing system containing a combination of active ingredients including a tripeptide and hexapeptide (TriHex Technology™) has been found to stimulate neoelastogenesis and neocollagenesis.

Objective

Evaluate the use of the tripeptide/hexapeptide topical system following fractionated CO₂ laser resurfacing compared to a bland ointment and cream.

Patients/Methods

In this single-blinded, randomized study, 15 female subjects aged 45-70 years underwent laser resurfacing of the face. Subjects were randomized to use of the tripeptide/hexapeptide system (n=10) or a bland dimethicone-based ointment and petrolatum-based cream (n=5) from 3 weeks pre- until 12 weeks postprocedure. A blinded investigator graded erythema, edema, crusting, exudation, and healing on postprocedure days 1, 3, 4, 7, 28, and 84. A photodamage/wrinkle scale was completed on days 28 and 84. Subjects performed symptomatology grading on days 1 through 14 and completed self-assessments at days 28 and 84.

Results

Data from 14 subjects were analyzed. Blinded-investigator-rated healing was better for the tripeptide/hexapeptide system, reaching statistical significance at day 7. The tripeptide/hexapeptide group demonstrated less erythema and exudation during the first postprocedure week, reaching significance at day 3. On days 1 through 14, subjects using the tripeptide/hexapeptide system reported less tenderness and burning/stinging, also reaching significance on day 3. At day 84, subjects using the tripeptide/hexapeptide system reported higher satisfaction and were more likely to recommend the treatment to others.

Conclusion

Postresurfacing use of a tripeptide/hexapeptide system proved effective and well-tolerated. Subject satisfaction was greater among those using this system, which may indicate an improved patient experience following laser resurfacing.

http://ift.tt/2olJvTv

Effectiveness of Nasal Packing in Trans-septal Suturing Technique in Septoplasty: A Randomized Comparative Study

Abstract

Nasal packing is routinely used after septoplasty, but there are patient factors for which its use needs to be reconsidered. Effectiveness of nasal packing in trans-septal suturing technique in septoplasty. Prospective, comparative study, patients submitted to septoplasty were randomized to receive or not nasal packing postoperatively. Comparison in postoperative status for pain, headache, discomfort in swallowing, epiphora, bleeding, infection and pain on pack removal are assessed. In all the patients trans-septal suturing technique was used. Study group has 60 patients. Two groups were made group A in whom nasal packing done post operatively with merocel, group B in whom nasal packing was not done, in both groups quilting sutures were applied on to the septum. There was pain in nose and headache in all the patients in group A. Other symptoms in group A were epiphora, discomfort in swallowing due to ear discomfort. In addition to these there is pain on removal of packs. Routine use of nasal packing can be avoided instead sutures can be placed over the septum, which benefits in improving pain and symptoms due to pack in the postoperative period.

http://ift.tt/2nU1tM0

A randomized, single-blinded trial of a tripeptide/hexapeptide healing regimen following laser resurfacing of the face

Summary

Background

A topical healing system containing a combination of active ingredients including a tripeptide and hexapeptide (TriHex Technology™) has been found to stimulate neoelastogenesis and neocollagenesis.

Objective

Evaluate the use of the tripeptide/hexapeptide topical system following fractionated CO₂ laser resurfacing compared to a bland ointment and cream.

Patients/Methods

In this single-blinded, randomized study, 15 female subjects aged 45-70 years underwent laser resurfacing of the face. Subjects were randomized to use of the tripeptide/hexapeptide system (n=10) or a bland dimethicone-based ointment and petrolatum-based cream (n=5) from 3 weeks pre- until 12 weeks postprocedure. A blinded investigator graded erythema, edema, crusting, exudation, and healing on postprocedure days 1, 3, 4, 7, 28, and 84. A photodamage/wrinkle scale was completed on days 28 and 84. Subjects performed symptomatology grading on days 1 through 14 and completed self-assessments at days 28 and 84.

Results

Data from 14 subjects were analyzed. Blinded-investigator-rated healing was better for the tripeptide/hexapeptide system, reaching statistical significance at day 7. The tripeptide/hexapeptide group demonstrated less erythema and exudation during the first postprocedure week, reaching significance at day 3. On days 1 through 14, subjects using the tripeptide/hexapeptide system reported less tenderness and burning/stinging, also reaching significance on day 3. At day 84, subjects using the tripeptide/hexapeptide system reported higher satisfaction and were more likely to recommend the treatment to others.

Conclusion

Postresurfacing use of a tripeptide/hexapeptide system proved effective and well-tolerated. Subject satisfaction was greater among those using this system, which may indicate an improved patient experience following laser resurfacing.

http://ift.tt/2olJvTv

Effectiveness of Nasal Packing in Trans-septal Suturing Technique in Septoplasty: A Randomized Comparative Study

Abstract

Nasal packing is routinely used after septoplasty, but there are patient factors for which its use needs to be reconsidered. Effectiveness of nasal packing in trans-septal suturing technique in septoplasty. Prospective, comparative study, patients submitted to septoplasty were randomized to receive or not nasal packing postoperatively. Comparison in postoperative status for pain, headache, discomfort in swallowing, epiphora, bleeding, infection and pain on pack removal are assessed. In all the patients trans-septal suturing technique was used. Study group has 60 patients. Two groups were made group A in whom nasal packing done post operatively with merocel, group B in whom nasal packing was not done, in both groups quilting sutures were applied on to the septum. There was pain in nose and headache in all the patients in group A. Other symptoms in group A were epiphora, discomfort in swallowing due to ear discomfort. In addition to these there is pain on removal of packs. Routine use of nasal packing can be avoided instead sutures can be placed over the septum, which benefits in improving pain and symptoms due to pack in the postoperative period.

http://ift.tt/2nU1tM0

"In Vivo"[jour]; +16 new citations

16 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"In Vivo"[jour]

These pubmed results were generated on 2017/03/31

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

http://ift.tt/2olGdj3

"Oncol Lett"[jour]; +71 new citations

71 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"Oncol Lett"[jour]

These pubmed results were generated on 2017/03/31

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

http://ift.tt/2olFPkI

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in soils of Mayabeque, Cuba

Abstract

Cuba is a country in transition with a considerable potential for economic growth. Soils are recipients and integrators of chemical pollution, a frequent negative side effect of increasing industrial activities. Therefore, we established a soil monitoring network to monitor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soils of Mayabeque, a Cuban province southeast of Havana. Concentrations of the sum of the 16 US EPA PAHs and of the seven IRMM PCBs in soils from 39 locations ranged from 20 to 106 μg kg⁻¹ and from 1.1 to 7.6 μg kg⁻¹, respectively. While such concentrations can be considered as low overall, they were in several cases correlated with the distance of sampling sites to presumed major emission sources, with some of the concomitantly investigated source diagnostic PAH ratios, and with black carbon content. The presented data adds to the limited information on soil pollution in the Caribbean region and serves as a reference time point before the onset of a possible further industrial development in Cuba. It also forms the basis to set up and adapt national environmental standards.

http://ift.tt/2mXpl24

Characteristic comparison of heavy metal contamination between road-deposited and roof-deposited sediments in suburban area

Abstract

Surface-deposited sediment in urban area is an essential environmental medium for assessing heavy metal contamination. A total of 10 sampling trips were conducted to collect road-deposited and roof-deposited sediments for the comparison of nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and chromium (Cr) contamination characteristics. Results indicated that roof sediment appeared to have a finer size distribution than road sediments. Roof sediment indicated higher metal concentration and lower surface loading than road sediment. The impact of particle size on heavy metal contamination was quantified by using the developed pioneering term of finer particle effect factor; it differed according to surface types and grain size fraction. Particles in individual grain size fraction showed different contribution to the surface loading for bulk sediments. No consistent trend was found for the grain size fraction loading along with grain size for the studied heavy metals for road sediments. In contrast, an asymmetric "W" trend was observed for the roof sediments, and it had the following results: Fraction of <63 and 250–500 μm showed higher loading, while fraction of 90–125 and >850 μm indicated the smaller loading. Findings above facilitated the appropriate management practice selection for the treatment of surface-deposited sediments.

http://ift.tt/2nGtNiR

The problem of dephosphorization using waste recycling

Abstract

The article considers optimizing methods for wastewater treatment systems. Nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) are discharged from the river basin of the northwest Russia. Disruption of ecological safety and healthy state of water basins takes place when excess amount of nitrogen and phosphorus is discharged from wastewater. This results in eutrophication that is increased growth of seaweeds and, therefore, in ecological system disruption. The cities of the northwest region are short of funds for renovation of water treatment systems. However, the new solution lies in improvement of biological water treatment system by means of chemical injection. The main research task is implementation of methods for enhanced biological phosphorus removal from domestic sewage. The problem of recycling and ecological safety of rivers within the northwest of Russia and the Baltic Sea is not solved completely. That is why for wastewater dephosphorization, the authors suggest using sulfuric acid production waste at chemical plant "Ammophos," Cherepovets (ferrous sulfate FeSO₄·7H₂O and phosphogypsum СаSO₄·Р₂О₅), as reagents. The advantage of these reagents is their low cost. The authors show the efficiency of the new optimal reagent's combination. Filtering the wastewater through sand filters after secondary settlers increases the total phosphorus removal efficiency up to 90%. The high effect of all types of phosphorus and total nitrogen removal from wastewater can be resulted from the features of micelle creation during coagulation.

http://ift.tt/2mXhD7Y

Effects of applying biosolids to soils on the adsorption and bioavailability of 17α-ethinylestradiol and triclosan in wheat plants

Abstract

Biosolids contain inorganic and organic contaminants, including pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) that have accounted for a series of emerging contaminants, such as triclosan (TCS) and the hormone 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). The general aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of biosolid application on EE2 and TCS adsorption and bioavailability in soils through testing with wheat plants. For the bioavailability study, sand and two soils, Lampa and Lo Prado, were used. The sand and soils were treated using two biosolid application rates (0 and 90 mg ha⁻¹), and the EE2 and TCS concentrations in the biosolids were determined as 0.54 ± 0.06 and 8.31 ± 0.19 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The concentration observed in wheat plants indicated that EE2 and TCS are mainly concentrated in the roots rather than in the shoots. Furthermore, the bioavailability of the compounds in plants depends on the properties of the contaminants and the soil. Adsorption studies showed that increasing the soil organic matter content increases the adsorption of TCS and EE2 on these substrates and that both compounds follow the Freundlich adsorption model. The desorption procedure indicated that availability for both TCS and EE2 depended on the soil type because TCS and EE2 were small in the Lampa soil with and without biosolid application and TCS increased by nearly 50% in the Lo Prado soil. The Lo Prado soil had an acidic pH (5.9) and the Lampa soil had a neutral pH of 7.3, and the organic carbon content was smaller.

http://ift.tt/2nGjCuk

Spatial distribution of atmospheric PAHs and their genotoxicity in petrochemical industrialized Lanzhou valley, northwest China

Abstract

The present study investigated the spatial and seasonal variations and sources of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Lanzhou, a petrochemical industrialized and the capital city of Gansu province, northwest China. The human health risks to these PAHs were assessed using an in vitro genotoxic bioassay technique. Associations among direct genotoxic potency, atmospheric PAH concentrations, and potential carcinogen risks were examined. Due to high PAH emissions from fossil fuel combustion and petrochemical industries, considerable higher PAH levels in the atmosphere were observed in Xigu district, a suburb featured by heavy petrochemical industry, compared with those collected at downtown and rural sampling sites. Ambient PAH levels at all sampling sites during the wintertime were higher than that in the summertime due to the winter domestic heating. BaP equivalent (BaPeq) concentrations in winter (41 ng/m³) and summer (28 ng/m³) exceeded the China's new national daily BaPeq standard. The average excess inhalation cancer risks (ECR) due to human exposure to PAHs during winter and summer sampling periods were 45–3540 cancer cases and 31–2451 cases per million people, respectively. The average ECR in the industrial area of Lanzhou valley was 1.97 (winter) and 1.88 times (summer) higher than that in other sampling areas. The higher ECR in the industrial area was resulted primarily by industrial activities and insufficient emission control measures. Extracts from passive air samples in genotoxicity SOS/umu test demonstrated that the genotoxic effect of atmospheric PAHs in Lanzhou was seasonal dependent. PAH air samples collected in winter showed more statistically significant genotoxicity, as manifested by a strong correlation between in vitro genotoxicity and atmospheric PAH concentrations. This indicates that the local residents were under higher potential cancer risk through the inhalation of ambient PAH air concentrations in Lanzhou valley during the wintertime.

http://ift.tt/2oj2QED

Effectiveness of carbon dioxide against different developmental stages of Cadra cautella and Tribolium castaneum

Abstract

Methyl bromide is an excellent fumigant but has been banned because it has high potential for depleting the ozone layer which leads to many environmental and human health hazard issues. In this connection, effectiveness of carbon dioxide (CO₂, 99.9%) was studied as an alternative to methyl bromide under various exposure timings, 25 ± 1 °C, against different developmental stages of the almond moth, Cadra cautella, and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. In case of C. cautella, the LT₉₉ against adult, pupa, and larval stages was achieved after 37.5, 78.1, and 99.9 h of CO₂ application, respectively. While for T. castaneum, the LT₉₉ values were obtained after exposure timings of 29.3, 153.9, and 78.4 h against adult, pupa, and larval stages, respectively. Adults were very susceptible; in contrast, pupae and larvae were more tolerant. The susceptibility order was observed as follows: T. castaneum adult > C. cautella adult > C. cautella pupae > T. castaneum larvae > C. cautella larvae > T. castaneum pupae. This study could be useful in developing the management strategies to prevent stored dates from C. cautella and T. castaneum infestation.

http://ift.tt/2nmnkYx

Subsurface cadmium loss from a stony soil—effect of cow urine application

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) losses in subsurface flow from stony soils that have received cow urine are potentially important, but poorly understood. This study investigated Cd loss from a soil under a winter dairy-grazed forage crop that was grazed either conventionally (24 h) or with restricted grazing (6 h). This provided an opportunity to test the hypothesis that urine inputs could increase Cd concentrations in drainage. It was thought this would be a result of cow urine either (i) enhancing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations via an increase in soil pH, resulting in the formation of soluble Cd-organic carbon complexes and, or (ii) greater inputs of chloride (Cl) via cow urine, promoting the formation of soluble Cd-Cl complexes. Cadmium concentrations in subsurface flow were generally low, with a spike above the water quality guidelines for a month after the 24-h grazing. Cadmium fluxes were on average 0.30 g Cd ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ (0.27–0.32 g Cd ha⁻¹ year⁻¹), in line with previous estimates for agricultural soils. The mean Cd concentration in drainage from the 24-h grazed plots was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than 6-h plots. No increase in DOC concentrations between the treatments was found. However, Cl concentrations in drainage were significantly higher (P < 0.001) from the 24-h than the 6-h grazed treatment plots, and positively correlated with Cd concentrations, and therefore, a possible mechanism increasing Cd mobility in soil. Further study is warranted to confirm the mechanisms involved and quantities of Cd lost from other systems.

http://ift.tt/2oiQsEI

Microbial profiles of a drinking water resource based on different 16S rRNA V regions during a heavy cyanobacterial bloom in Lake Taihu, China

Abstract

Understanding of the bacterial community structure in drinking water resources helps to enhance the security of municipal water supplies. In this study, bacterial communities were surveyed in water and sediment during a heavy cyanobacterial bloom in a drinking water resource of Lake Taihu, China. A total of 325,317 high-quality sequences were obtained from different 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) regions (V3, V4, and V6) using the Miseq sequencing platform. A notable difference was shown between the water and sediment samples, as predominated by Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria in the water and Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Verrucomicrobia in the sediment, respectively. The LD12 family dominated the water surface and was tightly associated with related indicators of cyanobacterial propagation, indicating involvement in the massive proliferation of cyanobacterial blooms. Alternatively, the genus Nitrospira dominated the sediment samples, which indicates that nitrite oxidation was very active in the sediment. Although pathogenic bacteria were not detected in a large amount, some genera such as Mycobacterium, Acinetobacter, and Legionella were still identified but in very low abundance. In addition, the effects of different V regions on bacterial diversity survey were evaluated. Overall, V4 and V3 were proven to be more promising V regions for bacterial diversity survey in water and sediment samples during heavy water blooms in Lake Taihu, respectively. As longer, cheaper, and faster DNA sequencing technologies become more accessible, we expect that bacterial community structures based on 16S rRNA amplicons as an indicator could be used alongside with physical and chemical indicators, to conduct comprehensive assessments for drinking water resource management.

http://ift.tt/2nofUDS

Characteristics and mechanisms of nickel adsorption on biochars produced from wheat straw pellets and rice husk

Abstract

The adsorption characteristics and mechanisms of Ni²⁺ on four-standard biochars produced from wheat straw pellets (WSP550, WSP700) and rice husk (RH550, RH700) at 550 and 700 °C, respectively, were investigated. The kinetic results show that the adsorption of Ni²⁺ on the biochars reached an equilibrium within 5 min. The increase of the solid to liquid ratio resulted in an increase of Ni²⁺ removal percentage but a decrease of the adsorbed amount of Ni²⁺ per weight unit of biochar. The Ni²⁺ removal percentage increased with the increasing of initial solution pH values at the range of 2–4, was relatively constant at the pH range of 4–8, and significantly increased to ≥98% at pH 9 and stayed constantly at the pH range of 9–10. The calculated maximum adsorption capacities of Ni²⁺ for the biochars follow the order of WSP700 > WSP550 > RH700 > RH550. Both cation exchange capacity and pH of biochar can be a good indicator of the maximum adsorption capacity for Ni²⁺ showing a positively linear and exponential relationship, respectively. This study also suggests that a carefully controlled standardised production procedure can make it reliable to compare the adsorption capacities between different biochars and investigate the mechanisms involved.

http://ift.tt/2noh9Dl

Biosensor for detection of dissolved chromium in potable water: A review

Publication date: 15 August 2017
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 94
Author(s): Puja Biswas, Abhinav Kumar Karn, P. Balasubramanian, Paresh G. Kale
The unprecedented deterioration rate of the environmental quality due to rapid urbanization and industrialization causes a severe global health concern to both ecosystem and humanity. Heavy metals are ubiquitous in nature and being used extensively in industrial processes, the exposure to excessive levels could alter the biochemical cycles of living systems. Hence the environmental monitoring through rapid and specific detection of heavy metal contamination in potable water is of paramount importance. Various standard analytical techniques and sensors are used for the detection of heavy metals include spectroscopy and chromatographic methods along with electrochemical, optical waveguide and polymer based sensors. However, the mentioned techniques lack the point of care application as it demands huge capital cost as well as the attention of expert personnel for sample preparation and operation. Recent advancements in the synergetic interaction among biotechnology and microelectronics have advocated the biosensor technology for a wide array of applications due to its characteristic features of sensitivity and selectivity. This review paper has outlined the overview of chromium toxicity, conventional analytical techniques along with a particular emphasis on electrochemical based biosensors for chromium detection in potable water. This article emphasized porous silicon as a host material for enzyme immobilization and elaborated the working principle, mechanism, kinetics of an enzyme-based biosensor for chromium detection. The significant characteristics such as pore size, thickness, and porosity make the porous silicon suitable for enzyme entrapment. Further, several schemes on porous silicon-based immobilized enzyme biosensors for the detection of chromium in potable water are proposed.



http://ift.tt/2mXf6L0

Correlation between numbers of cells in human dental pulp and age: Implications for age estimation

Publication date: August 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 80
Author(s): Mohammad Zakir Hossain, Sulinda Daud, Phrabhakaran Nambiar, Fathilah Abdul Razak, Norintan Ab-Murat, Roslan Saub, Marina M. Bakri
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate correlations between dental pulp cell count of odontoblasts, subodontoblasts and fibroblasts and age, within different age groups. Formulation of regression equations using the dental pulp cell count for predicting age was attempted.DesignEighty-one extracted teeth were grouped into two age groups (6–25 years, 26–80 years). The teeth were demineralized and histological sections were prepared for cell count. Regression equations were generated from regression analysis of cell count and tested for age estimation.ResultsThe number of dental pulp cells were found to increase until around the third decade of life and following this, the odontoblasts and subodontoblasts cell numbers began to decline while the fibroblasts seemed to remain almost stationary. The Pearson correlation test revealed a significant positive correlation between the cell number for all type of cells and age in the 6–25 years group (r=+0.791 for odontoblasts, r=+0.600 for subodontoblasts and r=+0.680 for fibroblasts). In the 26–80 years age group, a significant negative correlation of the odontoblasts (r=−0.777) and subodontoblasts (r=−0.715) with age was observed but for fibroblasts, the correlation value was negligible (r=−0.165). Regression equations generated using odontoblasts and subodontoblasts cell number were applicable for age estimation. The standard error of estimates (SEEs) were around±5years for 6–25 years and±8years for 26–80 years age groups. The mean values of the estimated and chronological ages were not significantly different.ConclusionsA significant correlation between the cell count of odontoblasts and subodontoblasts with age was demonstrated. Regression equations using odontoblasts and subodontoblasts cell number can be used to predict age with some limitations.



http://ift.tt/2mXnqKR

Multi-atlas pancreas segmentation: Atlas selection based on vessel structure

Publication date: Available online 31 March 2017
Source:Medical Image Analysis
Author(s): Ken'ichi Karasawa, Masahiro Oda, Takayuki Kitasaka, Kazunari Misawa, Michitaka Fujiwara, Chengwen Chu, Guoyan Zheng, Daniel Rueckert, Kensaku Mori
Automated organ segmentation from medical images is an indispensable component for clinical applications such as computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and computer-assisted surgery (CAS). We utilize a multi-atlas segmentation scheme, which has recently been used in different approaches in the literature to achieve more accurate and robust segmentation of anatomical structures in computed tomography (CT) volume data. Among abdominal organs, the pancreas has large inter-patient variability in its position, size and shape. Moreover, the CT intensity of the pancreas closely resembles adjacent tissues, rendering its segmentation a challenging task. Due to this, conventional intensity-based atlas selection for pancreas segmentation often fails to select atlases that are similar in pancreas position and shape to those of the unlabeled target volume. In this paper, we propose a new atlas selection strategy based on vessel structure around the pancreatic tissue and demonstrate its application to a multi-atlas pancreas segmentation. Our method utilizes vessel structure around the pancreas to select atlases with high pancreatic resemblance to the unlabeled volume. Also, we investigate two types of applications of the vessel structure information to the atlas selection. Our segmentations were evaluated on 150 abdominal contrast-enhanced CT volumes. The experimental results showed that our approach can segment the pancreas with an average Jaccard index of 66.3% and an average Dice overlap coefficient of 78.5%.

Graphical abstract

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Complications in Mandibular Midline Distraction

Cranial Maxillofac Trauma Reconstruction
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600902

Mandibular midline distraction (MMD) is a relatively new surgical technique for correction of transverse discrepancies of the mandible. This study assesses the amount and burden of complications in MMD. A retrospective cohort study was performed on patients who underwent MMD between 2002 and 2014. Patients with congenital deformities or a history of radiation therapy in the area of interest were excluded. Patient records were obtained and individually assessed for any complications. Complications were graded using the Clavien-Dindo classification system (CDS). Seventy-three patients were included of which 33 were males and 40 were females. The mean follow-up was 2.1 years. Twenty-nine patients had minor complications, grades I and II. Two patients had a grade IIIa and three patients had a grade IIIb complication. Common complications were pressure ulcers, dehiscence, and (transient) sensory disturbances of the mental nerve. This study shows that although MMD is a relatively safe method, complications can occur. Mostly the complications are mild, transient, and manageable without the need for any reoperation.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

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Abstracts from the Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Meeting 2016

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Abstracts from the Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Meeting 2016

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Infantile hemangiopericytoma of the tongue—Efficacy of ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure and combined-modality therapy

Publication date: Available online 30 March 2017
Source:Auris Nasus Larynx
Author(s): Takenori Ogawa, Ryo Ishii, Daiki Ozawa, Takeshi Rikiishi, Hajime Usubuchi, Mika Watanabe, Yoshimichi Imai, Kenichi Sato, Masatoshi Saito, Yoji Sasahara, Tadashi Matsuda, Shigeo Kure, Yukio Katori
Here we present an extremely rare case of giant infantile hemangiopericytoma (HPC) of the tongue diagnosed prenatally by fetal ultrasonography and MR imaging. Due to airway stenosis, the patient was delivered by the ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure at 36 weeks of pregnancy. Initial diagnosis was infantile hemangioma based on physical examination, diagnostic imaging and the high incidence of hemangioma. The tumor was resistant to conservative treatments. Due to severe tumor hemorrhage, the nutrient vessel was embolized by endovascular treatment on the 73th day after birth. Two days after embolization, a hemiglossectomy was performed. Histological analysis after surgery diagnosed infantile HPC with microscopically positive stumps. After receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, the patient has had no recurrence after 53 months with normal speech and swallowing function resulting in normal growth. Our findings support that infantile HPC is one of the differential diagnosis of infantile hemangioma. The EXIT procedure could be effective for infants with upper respiratory stenosis by head and neck tumor diagnosed prenatally. Though complete resection is required for infantile HPC, our report suggests that a conservative surgical approach followed by adjuvant chemotherapy should be used for giant head and neck infantile HPC.



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Ludwik Bierkowski and the early days of general anaesthesia in the Polish soil in February 1847

Ludwik Bierkowski belonged to the elite of surgeons of the first half of the 19th century. Educated in an excellent German university, Bierkowski had in-depth and comprehensive knowledge, a wide range of practical skills and was continuously eager to search for new solutions. He introduced cotton wool for wound dressings, experimentally determined the conditions of blood transfusions and published two outstanding anatomo-surgical atlases, which ranks him among the leading physicians of those days. Moreover, he was the first to use ether for effective general anaesthesia in the Polish lands, the procedure that changed the course of the history of medicine. Bierkowski performed ether anaesthesia in less than four months after the first world and in less than two months after the first European demonstration, which rates him among the most modern surgeons of those times. This year we celebrate the 170th anniversary of this event.

http://ift.tt/2mX8qwt

Effect of universal chlorhexidine decolonisation on the infection rate in intensive care patients

BACKGROUND: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), particularly intensive care unit-acquired infections (HAI-ICU), are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitals. Most of these infections are caused by multidrugresistant organisms. The results of recent studies have suggested that daily bathing with chlorhexidine (CHX)-universal decolonisation can prevent ICU infections. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of CHX bathing on the rate and type of HAI-ICU in critically ill patients.

METHODS: This observational study, conducted in a mixed, 16-bed tertiary ICU, compared the following three 3-month periods: I) pre-intervention (traditional soap-water bathing), II) intervention (bathing with 2% CHX clothes), and III) post-intervention (soap-water bathing). The type and rate of HAI-ICU were registered according to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) guidelines.

RESULTS: A total of 272 patients were included in the study. During the intervention period, the total infection rate was significantly lower than in the pre-intervention period (12.7% vs 22.2%, respectively). Significant decreases in the rate and density of catheter-related infections (CRI) were observed during the intervention period. A decrease in the isolation rate of multidrug-resistant bacteria was also observed during the intervention and post-intervention periods.

CONCLUSIONS: Daily bathing of ICU patients with chlorhexidine-impregnated clothes significantly decreased the rate of HAI-ICU and the acquisition of CRI. This simple hygienic approach can be an important adjunctive intervention with the capability of reducing the burden of healthcare-associated infections in ICUs.

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What more can we learn about sleep education programs in young people?

It has been clearly documented in the paediatric and sleep medicine literature and in recognised bodies [1-3], that sleep health has become an important public health issue and more importantly that young people worldwide face challenges in achieving and maintaining enough sleep. Increasing awareness about the importance of sleep, the effects of poor sleep heath and preventative and/or treatment modalities for improving sleep health have been largely delivered through school based sleep education programs which have been reviewed and critiqued over recent years [4-6].

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Perioperative haemodynamic optimisation in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery — a position statement from the Cardiac and Thoracic Anaesthesia Section of the Polish Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy. Part 1

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Perioperative haemodynamic optimisation in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery — a position statement from the Cardiac and Thoracic Anaesthesia Section of the Polish Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy. Part 2

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Commentary to the article “Neuromuscular blockade in the elderly”

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In response to: Anaphylaxis during cardiac surgery for hypetrophic cardiomyopathy: pathophysiologic and therapeutic considerations

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Methods of pain assessment in adult intensive care unit patients — Polish version of the CPOT (Critical Care Pain Observation Tool) and BPS (Behavioral Pain Scale)

 

Many patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) experience pain that is a source of suffering and leaves a longterm imprint (chronic pain, post-traumatic stress disorder). Nearly 30% of patients experience pain at rest, while the percentage increases to 50% during nursing procedures. Pain in ICU patients can be divided into four categories: continuous ICU treatment-related pain/discomfort, acute illness-related pain, intermittent procedural pain and pre-existing chronic pain present before ICU admission. As daily nursing procedures and interventions performed in the ICU may be a potential source of pain, it is crucial to use simple pain monitoring tools. The assessment of pain intensity in ICU patients remains an everyday challenge for clinicians, especially in sedated, intubated and mechanically ventilated patients. Regular assessment of pain intensity leads to improved outcome and better quality of life of patients in the ICU and after discharge from ICU. The gold standard in pain evaluation is patient self-reporting, which is not always possible. Current research shows that the two tools best validated for patients unable to self-report pain are the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) and the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT). Although international guidelines recommend the use of validated tools for pain evaluation, they underline the need for translation into a given language. The authors of this publication obtained an official agreement from the authors of the two behavioral scales — CPOT and BPS — for translation into Polish. Validation of these tools in the Polish population will aid their wider use in pain assessment in ICUs in Poland.

 

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Hypermobile laryngeal granulomas: a potential cause of false negative cuff leak test

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Silesian Registry of Intensive Care Units

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Silicone stents save lives without surgery in postintubation subglottic stenosis

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Anaphylaxis during cardiac surgery for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: patholophysiologic and therapeutic considerations

http://ift.tt/2mXgNbg

Randomized, comparative study of the effectiveness of three different techniques of interscalene brachial plexus block using 0.5% ropivacaine for shoulder arthroscopy

 

BACKGROUND: Interscalene brachial plexus block is an effective regional anesthesia technique for shoulder surgeries. The superiority of the popular ultrasound-guided blocks over peripheral nerve stimulator-confirmed blocks remains unclear. In this study the efficacy of these different block techniques was compared.

METHODS: This prospective, randomized, clinical study included 109 patients (ASA grades I–III) who receive 20 mL 0.5% ropivacaine with ultrasound-guided blocks (U group), peripheral nerve stimulator-confirmed blocks (N group), or ultrasound-guided and peripheral nerve stimulator-confirmed blocks (dual guidance; NU group) for elective shoulder arthroscopy. Block onset time, duration, and effectiveness on the Lovett rating scale were assessed.

RESULTS: There was no statistically significant intergroup difference in duration of block performance, irrespective of the technique (P = 0.232). Onset time of complete warmth sensation loss (P < 0.001) and muscle strength abolition (P < 0.001) was significantly longer and mean Lovett rating scale score distribution was significantly higher in the N group than in the other groups (P < 0.001). These findings show a statistically significant correlation between the performance of the used block technique and the necessity of conversion to general anesthesia because of insufficient block in the N group (58.54%) than in the U (24.44%) and NU (19.57%) groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral nerve stimulator-confirmed needle placement is not necessary to ensure effectiveness of ultrasound-guided blocks, which is expressed as a lack of necessity of conversion to general anesthesia. Nevertheless, the dual guidance technique is recommended to reduce the risk of complications and might be considered the regional anesthesia of choice for shoulder surgery.

 

http://ift.tt/2nszHTy

Comparison of anaesthetic gas consumption and stability of anaesthesia using automatic and manual control over the course of anaesthesia

BACKGROUND: The automatic control module of end-tidal volatile agents (EtC) was designed to reduce the consumption of anaesthetic gases, increase the stability of general anaesthesia and reduce the need for adjustments in the settings of the anaesthesia machine. The aim of this study was to verify these hypotheses.

METHODS: The course of general anaesthesia with the use of the EtC module was analysed for haemodynamic stability, depth of anaesthesia, end-expiratory concentration of anaesthetic, number of ventilator key presses, fentanyl supply, consumption of volatile agents and anaesthesia and operation times. These data were compared with the data obtained during general anaesthesia controlled manually and were processed with statistical tests.

RESULTS: Seventy-four patients underwent general anaesthesia for scheduled operations. Group AUTO-ET (n = 35) was anaesthetized with EtC, and group MANUAL-ET (n = 39) was controlled manually. Both populations presented similar anaesthesia stability. No differences were noted in the time of anaesthesia, saturation up to MAC 1.0 or awakening. Data revealed no differences in mean EtAA or the fentanyl dose. The AUTO-ET group exhibited fewer key presses per minute, 0.0603 min^-1, whereas the MANUAL-ET exhibited a value of 0.0842 min^-1; P = 0.001. The automatic group consumed more anaesthetic and oxygen per minute (sevoflurane 0.1171 mL min^-1; IQR: 0.0503; oxygen 1.8286 mL min^-1, IQR: 1,3751) than MANUAL-ET (sevoflurane 0.0824 mL min^-1, IQR: 0.0305; oxygen 1,288 mL min^-1, IQR: 0,6517) (P = 0.0028 and P = 0.0171, respectively).

CONCLUSION: Both methods are equally stable and safe for patients. The consumption of volatile agents was significantly increased in the AUTO-ET group. EtC considerably reduces the number of key presses.

http://ift.tt/2mX8V9H

Is the change of percutaneous oxygen pressure available to judge the effects of brachial plexus block?

 

BACKGROUND: To know the objective methods of the effects of the brachial plexus block, we studied the changes in percutaneous oxygen pressure (tcPO₂) with the hypothesis that tcPO₂ increases significantly on the blocked arm in comparison with the non-blocked arm, a phenomenon which is connected with vasodilation following the brachial plexus block.

METHODS: Fifteen patients scheduled for upper extremity surgery, aged 20 to 70 years, with ASA physical status I or II were included. Before anaesthesia, the electrodes used to measure tcPO₂ were put on the radial side of the forearm and upper arm of both the right and left sides (a total of 4 electrodes). Oxygen at 6 L min^-1 was administered by a facial mask. Once midazolam 1–2 mg and fentanyl 50 μg had been administered intravenously, a propofol infusion was started at a dose of 2 mg kg^-1 h^-1. The interscalene block was performed by means of a nerve stimulator, using 20 mL of 1% lidocaine solution combined with 20 mL of 0.75% ropivacaine solution. TcPO₂ was measured just before the block and 30 minutes after the block.

RESULTS: TcPO₂ in both forearm and upper arm significantly increased after the block in both sides namely, blocked and non-blocked. No difference was observed in tcPO₂ between the blocked side and non-blocked side.

CONCLUSION: Changes of tcPO₂ are not useful in order to assess the effects of the interscalene block under oxygen administration.

 

http://ift.tt/2nstS8P

Local anaesthesia with analgosedation in patients qualified for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI): first institute’s results and experiments

 

BACKGROUND: The authors present their own experience of the treatment of patients qualified for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) carried out in a modern hybrid operating room. The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the initial results of conducting anaesthesia in high-risk patients qualified for the TAVI procedure (transcatheter aortic valve implantation). In addition, the authors' aim was also to point out to the special challenges of an anaesthesiologist conducting local anaesthesia in such a type of procedures and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the TAVI procedure conducted under remifentanil analgosedation.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis included patients treated during the period from September 2015, when local anaesthesia for the transcatheter aortic valve implantation was used for the first time at our centre, up to February 2016. The studied population consisted of 11 patients treated for severe aortic valve stenosis. The mean age of patients was 80 ± 7 years. Three patients were men (27%) and eight were women (73%). The study included all subsequent patients (n = 11), treated in our centre, for whom it was decided to perform TAVI under local anaesthesia.

RESULTS: The total hospital mortality rate was 0%. All procedures were performed in a hybrid operating room. Despite the complications observed in the described group, the hospital mortality rate during TAVI was 0%. All patients, after 12 ± 5 days of treatment, left the hospital in a good neurological condition, which was assessed based on the CPC-1 (Cerebra Performance Categories Scale) and GCS-15 (Glasgow Coma Scale) scales. With an ejection fraction of the left ventricle of 53 ± 11%, the transcatheter aortic valve was successfully implanted.

CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous aortic valve implantation can be successfully conducted under remifentanil analgosedation. TAVI procedures should be performed in the conditions of a modern, well-equipped hybrid room. The aim of the anaesthesiologist should consist of conducting the least invasive anaesthesia/analgesia, bearing in mind the safety and comfort of the patient.

 

http://ift.tt/2mXmvdd

Nasogastric tube insertion in anaesthetized patients: a comprehensive review

 

Nasogastric tubes (NGT) still remain the easiest and the best way for gastrointestinal tract access. There are various indications for the insertion of a nasogastric tube in anaesthetized and critically ill patients. Although many techniques have been introduced to facilitate nasogastric tube insertion using anatomic landmarks and a group of devices, there is no consensus on a standard method. Moreover, there are different methods for the assessment of the correct placement of a nasogastric tube. In addition to these challenges in insertion and assessment methods, there are varieties of major life-threatening and minor complications to be addressed. Thus, selecting the most appropriate approach requires enough knowledge in this area, considering patient condition and clinical factors, as well as the practitioners' sufficient education and experience, along with skill in performance. This is a comprehensive review of the literature evidence on different methods for nasogastric tube insertion, on the assessment of correct placement and the evaluation of complications, in addition to an approach to the effect of education on the quality of routine practice and patients' outcome.

 

 

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Effectiveness of Nasal Packing in Trans-septal Suturing Technique in Septoplasty: A Randomized Comparative Study

Abstract

Nasal packing is routinely used after septoplasty, but there are patient factors for which its use needs to be reconsidered. Effectiveness of nasal packing in trans-septal suturing technique in septoplasty. Prospective, comparative study, patients submitted to septoplasty were randomized to receive or not nasal packing postoperatively. Comparison in postoperative status for pain, headache, discomfort in swallowing, epiphora, bleeding, infection and pain on pack removal are assessed. In all the patients trans-septal suturing technique was used. Study group has 60 patients. Two groups were made group A in whom nasal packing done post operatively with merocel, group B in whom nasal packing was not done, in both groups quilting sutures were applied on to the septum. There was pain in nose and headache in all the patients in group A. Other symptoms in group A were epiphora, discomfort in swallowing due to ear discomfort. In addition to these there is pain on removal of packs. Routine use of nasal packing can be avoided instead sutures can be placed over the septum, which benefits in improving pain and symptoms due to pack in the postoperative period.

http://ift.tt/2nU1tM0

Effectiveness of Nasal Packing in Trans-septal Suturing Technique in Septoplasty: A Randomized Comparative Study

Abstract

Nasal packing is routinely used after septoplasty, but there are patient factors for which its use needs to be reconsidered. Effectiveness of nasal packing in trans-septal suturing technique in septoplasty. Prospective, comparative study, patients submitted to septoplasty were randomized to receive or not nasal packing postoperatively. Comparison in postoperative status for pain, headache, discomfort in swallowing, epiphora, bleeding, infection and pain on pack removal are assessed. In all the patients trans-septal suturing technique was used. Study group has 60 patients. Two groups were made group A in whom nasal packing done post operatively with merocel, group B in whom nasal packing was not done, in both groups quilting sutures were applied on to the septum. There was pain in nose and headache in all the patients in group A. Other symptoms in group A were epiphora, discomfort in swallowing due to ear discomfort. In addition to these there is pain on removal of packs. Routine use of nasal packing can be avoided instead sutures can be placed over the septum, which benefits in improving pain and symptoms due to pack in the postoperative period.

http://ift.tt/2nU1tM0

The effects of clinical factors on airway outcomes of mandibular distraction osteogenesis in children with Pierre Robin sequence

Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is an effective treatment for tongue-based airway obstruction in children with severe Pierre Robin sequence. An investigation was performed to determine whether certain clinical factors influence the airway outcomes of MDO. A literature search of several databases was performed to identify studies providing individual patient data. Data extracted from the studies included patient sex, age at distraction, disease type, experience of any previous surgery on the airway, length of distraction, pre- and postoperative blood oxygen saturation nadir, and osteotomy design.

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Recurrent dislocation: scientific evidence and management following a systematic review

Recurrent mandibular dislocation is a rare condition that can have a negative impact on quality of life. Different surgical techniques are employed in the treatment of this condition, and the demand for maximum healthcare quality has contributed to the implementation of evidence-based clinical practice. The objective of this study was to determine the level of scientific evidence in articles reporting open surgical treatment for recurrent mandibular dislocation. A comprehensive search strategy was conducted to locate relevant articles in the PubMed and Web of Science databases on open surgical treatment for recurrent mandibular dislocation published between January 1974 and August 2014.

http://ift.tt/2noCAE8

Design and evaluation of a phospholipase D based drug delivery strategy of novel phosphatidyl-prodrug

Publication date: July 2017
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 131
Author(s): Xinyi Tao, Ning Jia, Nenghui Cheng, Yuhong Ren, Xuni Cao, Min Liu, Dongzhi Wei, Feng-Qing Wang
A strategy is proposed to design a safe and simple amphiphilic prodrug delivery system, based on the elevated expression of phospholipase D (PLD) in cancer cells. The method utilizes the transphosphatidylation ability of bacterial PLD on alcohol groups and the hydrolysis activity of overexpressed PLD on phospholipids in cancer cells. Doxorubicin (DOX) was selected as a test drug, and the phosphatidyl-doxorubicin (PX) was synthesized by bacterial PLD. The PX prodrug could be readily self-assembled to nanoparticles with uniform size and was stable during storage and circulation. The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution investigations indicated DOX could be selectively released from PX in cancer cells triggered by the local overexpressed PLD, and PX could significantly prolong the half-life of DOX in the tumors and decrease the distribution in heart and kidney. Moreover, the PX prodrug enhanced cellular uptake in MCF-7/ADR cells, demonstrating it could reverse the multi-drug resistance. Consequently, the prodrug displayed favorable anticancer efficacy in the MCF-7/ADR xenograft model without the cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of DOX. The results demonstrated that phosphatidyl modification method can be used as an efficient strategy to develop a promising nanoscale drug delivery system for some drugs.



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Islanded facial artery musculomucosal flap for tongue reconstruction: reply to the comment

This is in response to the letter by Massarelli et al., regarding our technical note on the islanded facial artery musculomucosal flap for tongue reconstruction1. We thank Massarelli et al. for bringing their article on the trilobed buccinator myomucosal flap to our notice and agree with them that our technique of harvesting the flap is identical to the method described by them2.

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Innovations in Balloon Catheter Technology in Rhinology

Since being introduced more than 10 years ago, balloon catheter technology (BCT) has undergone several generations of innovations. From construction to utilization, there has been a myriad of advancements in balloon technology. The ergonomics of the balloon dilation systems have improved with a focus on limiting the extra assembly. "Hybrid" BCT procedures have shown promise in mucosal preservation, including treating isolated complex frontal disease. Multiple randomized clinical trials report improved long-term outcomes in stand-alone BCT, including in-office use. The ever-expanding technological innovations ensure BCT will be a key component in the armamentarium of the modern sinus surgeon.

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Whole Exome Sequencing Identified a Novel Frameshift Mutation in SDR9C7 underlying Autosomal Recessive Congenital Ichthyosis in a Pakistani Family

Abstract

Autosomal Recessive Congenital Ichthyosis (ARCI) is a group of cornification disorders (prevalence 1:200,000) broadly divided into three classes namely Harlequin Ichthyosis (HI; OMIM#242500), Lamellar Ichthyosis (LI; OMIM#242304) and Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma (CIE; OMIM#242100). ARCI clinical features include generalized scaling, hypohidrosis and palmo-plantar hyperlinearity although presentation and severity may vary significantly. A large number of affected individuals present with collodion membrane at birth. HI is the most severe and fatal form of the disease and the neonates are born covered with thick, hard, armor-like plates of cornified skin. The classic form of LI present with dark brown, plate-like scales with no erythroderma and CIE with fine and white scales adjoining generalized erythema. Affected individuals with severe involvement can have ectropion, eclabium, scarring alopecia and palmoplantar keratoderma. Currently, ten genes are reported in association with different ARCI phenotypes: TGM1, ALOX12B, ALOXE3, ABCA12, CYP4F22, NIPAL4, LIPN, CERS3, PNPLA1 and SDR9C7^1,2,3. Here we report a novel frameshift mutation in SDR9C7 (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C member 7) underlying ARCI in a consanguineous Pakistani family.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Application of Ultrasonic Aspirators in Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery

Ultrasonic aspirators (UAs) are increasingly being used in rhinology and skull base surgery. The use of ultrasonic vibration for the removal of bony tissue transfers minimal heat to surrounding tissues and is relatively atraumatic to nearby soft tissue structures. This article details the development and application of this technology in septoturbinoplasty, endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), and skull base surgery. The benefits and limitations of UAs compared with conventionally powered instruments are discussed.

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Advances in Microdebrider Technology

Since its application in nasal surgery, the microdebrider has revolutionized the practice of endoscopic sinus surgery. As the demands and breadth of procedures performed endoscopically have increased, so has the need for improvement in the microdebrider and related technologies. This article addresses how use of the microdebrider has impacted endonasal surgery and discusses current advances, which include creation of specialty hand pieces and blades, increases in instrument rotational speed, incorporation of navigation and energy, adaptation for intracranial use, and disposable instrumentation designed for in office use. Advances in microdebrider technology have improved functionality and expanded the utility of these devices.

http://ift.tt/2nJlfcJ

Endoscopic Skull Base Reconstruction

Endoscopic skull base surgery has developed rapidly over the last decade, in large part because of the expanding armamentarium of endoscopic repair techniques. This article reviews the available technologies and techniques, including vascularized and nonvascularized flaps, synthetic grafts, sealants and glues, and multilayer reconstruction. Understanding which of these repair methods is appropriate and under what circumstances is paramount to achieving success in this challenging but rewarding field. A graduated approach to skull base reconstruction is presented to provide a systematic framework to guide selection of repair technique to ensure a successful outcome while minimizing morbidity for the patient.

http://ift.tt/2nJi98t

Whole Exome Sequencing Identified a Novel Frameshift Mutation in SDR9C7 underlying Autosomal Recessive Congenital Ichthyosis in a Pakistani Family

Abstract

Autosomal Recessive Congenital Ichthyosis (ARCI) is a group of cornification disorders (prevalence 1:200,000) broadly divided into three classes namely Harlequin Ichthyosis (HI; OMIM#242500), Lamellar Ichthyosis (LI; OMIM#242304) and Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma (CIE; OMIM#242100). ARCI clinical features include generalized scaling, hypohidrosis and palmo-plantar hyperlinearity although presentation and severity may vary significantly. A large number of affected individuals present with collodion membrane at birth. HI is the most severe and fatal form of the disease and the neonates are born covered with thick, hard, armor-like plates of cornified skin. The classic form of LI present with dark brown, plate-like scales with no erythroderma and CIE with fine and white scales adjoining generalized erythema. Affected individuals with severe involvement can have ectropion, eclabium, scarring alopecia and palmoplantar keratoderma. Currently, ten genes are reported in association with different ARCI phenotypes: TGM1, ALOX12B, ALOXE3, ABCA12, CYP4F22, NIPAL4, LIPN, CERS3, PNPLA1 and SDR9C7^1,2,3. Here we report a novel frameshift mutation in SDR9C7 (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C member 7) underlying ARCI in a consanguineous Pakistani family.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2nJwbqt

Endoscopic Skull Base Reconstruction

Endoscopic skull base surgery has developed rapidly over the last decade, in large part because of the expanding armamentarium of endoscopic repair techniques. This article reviews the available technologies and techniques, including vascularized and nonvascularized flaps, synthetic grafts, sealants and glues, and multilayer reconstruction. Understanding which of these repair methods is appropriate and under what circumstances is paramount to achieving success in this challenging but rewarding field. A graduated approach to skull base reconstruction is presented to provide a systematic framework to guide selection of repair technique to ensure a successful outcome while minimizing morbidity for the patient.

http://ift.tt/2nJi98t

Application of Ultrasonic Aspirators in Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery

Ultrasonic aspirators (UAs) are increasingly being used in rhinology and skull base surgery. The use of ultrasonic vibration for the removal of bony tissue transfers minimal heat to surrounding tissues and is relatively atraumatic to nearby soft tissue structures. This article details the development and application of this technology in septoturbinoplasty, endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), and skull base surgery. The benefits and limitations of UAs compared with conventionally powered instruments are discussed.

http://ift.tt/2notOWP

Innovations in Balloon Catheter Technology in Rhinology

Since being introduced more than 10 years ago, balloon catheter technology (BCT) has undergone several generations of innovations. From construction to utilization, there has been a myriad of advancements in balloon technology. The ergonomics of the balloon dilation systems have improved with a focus on limiting the extra assembly. "Hybrid" BCT procedures have shown promise in mucosal preservation, including treating isolated complex frontal disease. Multiple randomized clinical trials report improved long-term outcomes in stand-alone BCT, including in-office use. The ever-expanding technological innovations ensure BCT will be a key component in the armamentarium of the modern sinus surgeon.

http://ift.tt/2noF9pX

Advances in Microdebrider Technology

Since its application in nasal surgery, the microdebrider has revolutionized the practice of endoscopic sinus surgery. As the demands and breadth of procedures performed endoscopically have increased, so has the need for improvement in the microdebrider and related technologies. This article addresses how use of the microdebrider has impacted endonasal surgery and discusses current advances, which include creation of specialty hand pieces and blades, increases in instrument rotational speed, incorporation of navigation and energy, adaptation for intracranial use, and disposable instrumentation designed for in office use. Advances in microdebrider technology have improved functionality and expanded the utility of these devices.

http://ift.tt/2nJlfcJ

Sensitization patterns among patients with atopic dermatitis evaluated in a large tertiary care pediatric center

The prevalence of food and aeroallergen sensitization has increased during the past 20 years and is commonly seen in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis (AD).1,2 Overall, studies of patients with AD have reported similar patterns of aeroallergen sensitization in different countries, but the prevalence of sensitization to food allergens has varied (egg 35%–54%, peanut 22%–44%, cow's milk 19%–27%).2,3 Given the increase in peanut allergy in the past decade and the knowledge gained from the Learning Early About Peanut (LEAP) Study on the benefits of early introduction of peanut, the relation between peanut sensitization and AD is especially relevant.

http://ift.tt/2or6hq5

Sensitization patterns among patients with atopic dermatitis evaluated in a large tertiary care pediatric center

The prevalence of food and aeroallergen sensitization has increased during the past 20 years and is commonly seen in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis (AD).1,2 Overall, studies of patients with AD have reported similar patterns of aeroallergen sensitization in different countries, but the prevalence of sensitization to food allergens has varied (egg 35%–54%, peanut 22%–44%, cow's milk 19%–27%).2,3 Given the increase in peanut allergy in the past decade and the knowledge gained from the Learning Early About Peanut (LEAP) Study on the benefits of early introduction of peanut, the relation between peanut sensitization and AD is especially relevant.

http://ift.tt/2or6hq5

Parotid adenoid cystic carcinoma: Retrospective single institute analysis

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a uncommon salivary malignant tumor. Our aim was to review our experience with parotid ACC, to identify clinical-pathological parameters predictive for outcome.

http://ift.tt/2nJgIXy

Treatment of locally advanced parotid malignancies with parotidectomy and temporal bone resection

In this study we review our institution's experience and outcomes with temporal bone resection and parotidectomy in the treatment of advanced parotid malignancies.

http://ift.tt/2noIJjM

Eustachian tube diameter: Is it associated with chronic otitis media development?

To evaluate the effect of ET diameter on Chronic Otitis Media (COM) pathogenesis.

http://ift.tt/2noxWWJ

Open vs. endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy; Is there a difference?

The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is composed largely of the cricopharyngeus muscle (CP) and acts as the gatekeeper to the esophagus. There are multiple methods of treating UES dysfunction, but myotomy has been shown to be the most definitive means. We aim to evaluate the difference between open and endoscopic CP myotomy (CPM).

http://ift.tt/2nJkzDV

From transmandibular to transoral robotic approach for parapharyngeal space tumors

Parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors are rare, accounting for 0.5% of all head-and-neck masses. Surgery remains the standard treatment for most cases, including different approaches (cervical approach, parotidectomy, mandibulotomy, transoral/robotic). We report our experience in the management of PPS tumors, aiming to create a surgical algorithm on the base of tumor's radiological and clinical characteristics.

http://ift.tt/2noF31r

Hydroxyapatite bone cement for suboccipital retrosigmoid cranioplasty: A single institution case series

To report rates of cerebrospinal fluid leak, wound infection, and other complications after repair of retrosigmoid craniotomy with hydroxyapatite bone cement.

http://ift.tt/2nJkzUr

Post-operative MRSA infections in head and neck surgery

Surgical site infection (SSI) with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a serious post-operative complication, with head and neck cancer patients at greater risk due to the nature of their disease. Infection with MRSA has been shown to be costly and impart worse outcomes on patients who are affected. This study investigates incidence and risks for MRSA SSIs at a tertiary medical institution.

http://ift.tt/2noDK2o

Dizziness, malpractice, and the otolaryngologist

To assess malpractice claims related to the management of dizziness in otolaryngology in order to improve care and minimize the risk of litigation.

http://ift.tt/2nJlUuJ

Dizziness, malpractice, and the otolaryngologist

To assess malpractice claims related to the management of dizziness in otolaryngology in order to improve care and minimize the risk of litigation.

http://ift.tt/2nJlUuJ

Open vs. endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy; Is there a difference?

The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is composed largely of the cricopharyngeus muscle (CP) and acts as the gatekeeper to the esophagus. There are multiple methods of treating UES dysfunction, but myotomy has been shown to be the most definitive means. We aim to evaluate the difference between open and endoscopic CP myotomy (CPM).

http://ift.tt/2nJkzDV

From transmandibular to transoral robotic approach for parapharyngeal space tumors

Parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors are rare, accounting for 0.5% of all head-and-neck masses. Surgery remains the standard treatment for most cases, including different approaches (cervical approach, parotidectomy, mandibulotomy, transoral/robotic). We report our experience in the management of PPS tumors, aiming to create a surgical algorithm on the base of tumor's radiological and clinical characteristics.

http://ift.tt/2noF31r

Hydroxyapatite bone cement for suboccipital retrosigmoid cranioplasty: A single institution case series

To report rates of cerebrospinal fluid leak, wound infection, and other complications after repair of retrosigmoid craniotomy with hydroxyapatite bone cement.

http://ift.tt/2nJkzUr

Post-operative MRSA infections in head and neck surgery

Surgical site infection (SSI) with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a serious post-operative complication, with head and neck cancer patients at greater risk due to the nature of their disease. Infection with MRSA has been shown to be costly and impart worse outcomes on patients who are affected. This study investigates incidence and risks for MRSA SSIs at a tertiary medical institution.

http://ift.tt/2noDK2o

Parotid adenoid cystic carcinoma: Retrospective single institute analysis

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a uncommon salivary malignant tumor. Our aim was to review our experience with parotid ACC, to identify clinical-pathological parameters predictive for outcome.

http://ift.tt/2nJgIXy

Eustachian tube diameter: Is it associated with chronic otitis media development?

To evaluate the effect of ET diameter on Chronic Otitis Media (COM) pathogenesis.

http://ift.tt/2noxWWJ

Treatment of locally advanced parotid malignancies with parotidectomy and temporal bone resection

In this study we review our institution's experience and outcomes with temporal bone resection and parotidectomy in the treatment of advanced parotid malignancies.

http://ift.tt/2noIJjM

Role of Radiotherapy in Mucosal Kaposi Sarcoma

http://ift.tt/2nGS4qm

Scaling of rotational inertia of primate mandibles

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 106
Author(s): Callum F. Ross, Jose Iriarte-Diaz, Ellen Platts, Treva Walsh, Liam Heins, Geoffrey E. Gerstner, Andrea B. Taylor
The relative importance of pendulum mechanics and muscle mechanics in chewing dynamics has implications for understanding the optimality criteria driving the evolution of primate feeding systems. The Spring Model (Ross et al., 2009b), which modeled the primate chewing system as a forced mass-spring system, predicted that chew cycle time would increase faster than was actually observed. We hypothesized that if mandibular momentum plays an important role in chewing dynamics, more accurate estimates of the rotational inertia of the mandible would improve the accuracy with which the Spring Model predicts the scaling of primate chew cycle period. However, if mass-related momentum effects are of negligible importance in the scaling of primate chew cycle period, this hypothesis would be falsified. We also predicted that greater "robusticity" of anthropoid mandibles compared with prosimians would be associated with higher moments of inertia. From computed tomography scans, we estimated the scaling of the moment of inertia (Ij) of the mandibles of thirty-one species of primates, including 22 anthropoid and nine prosimian species, separating Ij into the moment about a transverse axis through the center of mass (Ixx) and the moment of the center of mass about plausible axes of rotation. We found that across primates Ij increases with positive allometry relative to jaw length, primarily due to positive allometry of jaw mass and Ixx, and that anthropoid mandibles have greater rotational inertia compared with prosimian mandibles of similar length. Positive allometry of Ij of primate mandibles actually lowers the predictive ability of the Spring Model, suggesting that scaling of primate chew cycle period, and chewing dynamics in general, are more strongly influenced by factors other than scaling of inertial properties of the mandible, such as the dynamic properties of the jaw muscles and neural control. Differences in cycle period scaling between chewing and locomotion systems reinforce the suggestion that displacement and force control are more important in the design of feeding systems than energetics and speed.



http://ift.tt/2oIzGv2

Editorial Board

Publication date: April 2017
Source:Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 105





http://ift.tt/2oIEyk1

Anterior dental microwear textures show habitat-driven variability in Neandertal behavior

Publication date: April 2017
Source:Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 105
Author(s): Kristin L. Krueger, Peter S. Ungar, Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Alejandro Pérez-Pérez, Erik Trinkaus, John C. Willman
The causes of Neandertal anterior tooth wear patterns, including labial rounding, labial scratches, and differential anterior-posterior wear, have been debated for decades. The most common explanation is the "stuff-and-cut" hypothesis, which describes Neandertals clamping down on a piece of meat and slicing a portion close to their lips. "Stuff-and-cut" has been accepted as a general aspect of Neandertal behavior without fully assessing its variability. This study analyzes anterior dental microwear textures across habitats, locations, and time intervals to discern possible variation in Neandertal anterior tooth-use behavior.Forty-five Neandertals from 24 sites were analyzed, represented by high-resolution replicas of permanent anterior teeth. The labial surface was scanned for antemortem microwear using a white-light confocal profiler. The resultant 3D-point clouds, representing 204 × 276 μm for each specimen, were uploaded into SSFA software packages for texture characterization. Statistical analyses, including MANOVAs, ANOVAs, and pairwise comparisons, were completed on ranked microwear data. Neandertal descriptive statistics were also compared to 10 bioarchaeological samples of known or inferred dietary and behavioral regimes.The Neandertal sample varied significantly by habitat, suggesting this factor was a principal driving force for differences in Neandertal anterior tooth-use behaviors. The Neandertals from open habitats showed significantly lower anisotropy and higher textural fill volume than those inhabiting more closed, forested environments. The texture signature from the open-habitat Neandertals was most similar to that of the Ipiutak and Nunavut, who used their anterior teeth for intense clamping and grasping behaviors related to hide preparation. Those in more closed habitats were most similar to the Arikara, who did not participate in non-dietary behaviors. These Neandertal individuals had a broad range of texture values consistent with non-dietary and dietary behaviors, suggesting they varied more in anterior tooth-use behaviors and exploited a wider variety of plant and animal resources than did those from open habitats.



http://ift.tt/2nTWpHn

Prevention of post-operative pediatric tracheotomy wounds: A multidisciplinary team approach

Tracheotomy-related pressure wounds have been reported as high as 29%. All advanced stage (stage 3 or 4) wounds are reported by hospitals and CMS will no longer reimburse healthcare costs to manage them. We present the results of an intensive, multidisciplinary wound prevention strategy starting in the operating room at the time of tracheotomy placement.

http://ift.tt/2okXPvH

Universal Newborn Hearing Screening in Southwestern Iran

The implementation of Neonatal Hearing Screening (NHS) program is still at the preliminary stage particularly in developing countries despite the burden of permanent congenital and early-onset hearing impairment. The purpose of this study was to report results for universal newborn NHS in a cohort of children born in the southwestern region of Iran, as part of a national screening program set up by the Iranian National Health System.

http://ift.tt/2nFFXZe

Letter to the editor

We are writing to you in reference to an article published in your esteemed journal entitled "Biodegradable airway stents in infants – Potential life-threatening pitfalls" by B. Sztano et al. [1].

http://ift.tt/2nFsalj

Editorial Board

Publication date: January–March 2017
Source:Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, Volume 4, Issue 1





http://ift.tt/2noA4Oh

The role of microbiota in allergy development

Publication date: Available online 31 March 2017
Source:Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology
Author(s): Monika Marko, Rafał Pawliczak
The increase of allergic diseases incidence has been noticed in industrialized countries. The reason for that is sought in increasing environment pollution and hygienisation of life. Diseases including asthma, hay fever, eczema and food allergies have dramatically increased over the last century. Microbiota (intestinal microflora) is a community of microorganisms, mainly bacteria that forms in the human digestive system a complex ecosystem. Recently more and more attention is paid to the connection of intestinal microflora with the occurrence of allergic diseases. Microbiota and the beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria on human health is becoming increasingly important in allergy development. However, the importance of probiotics in the prevention of these diseases has not been proven. It is a necessity to design and carry out thorough and detailed research to confirm significance of treatment with using probiotics strains.



http://ift.tt/2nopnLF

Correction

Blauvelt A, Papp KA, Griffiths CEM, Randazzo B, Wasfi Y, Shen Y-K, Li S, Kimball AB. Efficacy and safety of guselkumab, an anti-interleukin-23 monoclonal antibody, compared with adalimumab for the continuous treatment of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis: Results from the phase III, double-blinded, placebo- and active comparator—controlled VOYAGE 1 trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;76:405-417.

http://ift.tt/2mWTE96

Correction

Reich K, Armstrong AW, Foley P, Song M, Wasfi Y, Randazzo B, Li S, Shen Y-K, Gordon KB. Efficacy and safety of guselkumab, an anti-interleukin-23 monoclonal antibody, compared with adalimumab for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis with randomized withdrawal and retreatment: Results from the phase III, double-blind, placebo- and active comparator—controlled VOYAGE 2 trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;76:418-431.

http://ift.tt/2ns4CzH

Successful treatment of thyroid storm presenting as recurrent cardiac arrest and subsequent multiorgan failure by continuous renal replacement therapy

Summary

Thyroid storm is a rare and potentially life-threatening medical emergency. We experienced a case of thyroid storm associated with sepsis caused by pneumonia, which had a catastrophic course including recurrent cardiac arrest and subsequent multiple organ failure (MOF). A 22-year-old female patient with a 10-year history of Graves' disease was transferred to our emergency department (ED). She had a cardiac arrest at her home and a second cardiac arrest at the ED. Her heart recovered after 20 min of cardiac resuscitation. She was diagnosed with thyroid storm associated with hyperthyroidism complicated by pneumonia and sepsis. Although full conventional medical treatment was given, she had progressive MOF and hemodynamic instability consisting of hyperthermia, tachycardia and hypotension. Because of hepatic and renal failure with refractory hypotension, we reduced the patient's dose of beta-blocker and antithyroid drug, and she was started on continuous veno-venous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with intravenous albumin and plasma supplementation. Subsequently, her body temperature and pulse rate began to stabilize within 1 h, and her blood pressure reached 120/60 mmHg after 6 h. We discontinued antithyroid drug 3 days after admission because of aggravated hyperbilirubinemia. The patient exhibited progressive improvement in thyroid function even after cessation of antithyroid drug, and she successfully recovered from thyroid storm and MOF. This is the first case of thyroid storm successfully treated by CRRT in a patient considered unfit for antithyroid drug treatment.

Learning points:

The presenting manifestations of thyroid storm vary and can include cardiac arrest with multiorgan failure in rare cases.

In some patients with thyroid storm, especially those with severe complications, conventional medical treatment may be ineffective or inappropriate.

During thyroid storm, the initiation of CRRT can immediately lower body temperature and subsequently stabilize vital signs.

Early initiation of CRRT can be life-saving in patients with thyroid storm complicated by MOF, even when used in combination with suboptimal medical treatment.

http://ift.tt/2nseY2h

Anterior Glottic Web Formation for Voice Feminization: Experience of 27 Patients

Voice feminization is needed for male-to-female transsexuals, males with testicular feminization, and females with constitutional androphonia. Anterior glottic web formation affords advantages: endoscopic surgery without skin incision and scar, outpatient surgery, potential reversibility, and low risk for vocal fold and airway damage.

http://ift.tt/2okXWHk

Prophylactic embolisation of the internal maxillary artery in patients with ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint

The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of using prophylactic embolisation of the internal maxillary artery to minimise the risk of bleeding during gap arthroplasty.We studied a prospective series of 14 patients with ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) between January 2011 and February 2016, who were under the care of one surgeon.They were all treated by embolisation of the internal maxillary artery 24hours before gap arthroplasty. The main outcome variable was estimated blood loss, and others included the need to extend the gap arthroplasty, and the risk of reankylosis.

http://ift.tt/2nFkhws

How far reaching is our research? An analysis of the journals in which oral and maxillofacial surgery research is cited

In this study we investigate the five most cited articles in the British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (BJOMS). Articles cited were usually published in other OMFS journals (40%) or dentistry journals (32%). The mean (SD) SCImago Journal and Country Rank, (SJR) (an interface to access the bibliometric database of journals) for cited papers was 0.64 (SD=0.56). Nearly one third of citations were of research in OMFS and dentistry, suggesting its relevance to the wider academic community.

http://ift.tt/2okVSiF

Compliance of referral and hospital documentation with National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guidelines for the extraction of third molars: a comparative analysis of two NHS Trusts

To find out whether documentation for the extraction of wisdom teeth complies with National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines, we reviewed the referral letters and hospital notes of patients treated at the maxillofacial unit of two NHS Trusts (A: 314 records and B: 280) over 12 months (1 September 2012 to 31 August 2013). Compliance was assessed as unsatisfactory ("indication for extraction not mentioned", "incorrect indication", "indication unclear") or satisfactory ("correct indication implied", "correct indication explicit").

http://ift.tt/2nFz0Y6

Congenital lipoma of the hard palate: case report

Congenital tumours of the oral cavity are uncommon, and most of them are teratoid. Lipoma is a benign tumour of adipose tissue commonly found in adults, and it is rare to find one that is congenital. They are most commonly found in the tongue and maxillary gingiva,1 and to the best of our knowledge, only two cases of lipoma have been reported in the hard palate (Okamoto et al and Gokul et al reported a congenital fibrolipoma and an osteolipoma that were associated with cleft palate, respectively).

http://ift.tt/2okVSPH

Successful treatment of thyroid storm presenting as recurrent cardiac arrest and subsequent multiorgan failure by continuous renal replacement therapy

Summary

Thyroid storm is a rare and potentially life-threatening medical emergency. We experienced a case of thyroid storm associated with sepsis caused by pneumonia, which had a catastrophic course including recurrent cardiac arrest and subsequent multiple organ failure (MOF). A 22-year-old female patient with a 10-year history of Graves' disease was transferred to our emergency department (ED). She had a cardiac arrest at her home and a second cardiac arrest at the ED. Her heart recovered after 20 min of cardiac resuscitation. She was diagnosed with thyroid storm associated with hyperthyroidism complicated by pneumonia and sepsis. Although full conventional medical treatment was given, she had progressive MOF and hemodynamic instability consisting of hyperthermia, tachycardia and hypotension. Because of hepatic and renal failure with refractory hypotension, we reduced the patient's dose of beta-blocker and antithyroid drug, and she was started on continuous veno-venous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with intravenous albumin and plasma supplementation. Subsequently, her body temperature and pulse rate began to stabilize within 1 h, and her blood pressure reached 120/60 mmHg after 6 h. We discontinued antithyroid drug 3 days after admission because of aggravated hyperbilirubinemia. The patient exhibited progressive improvement in thyroid function even after cessation of antithyroid drug, and she successfully recovered from thyroid storm and MOF. This is the first case of thyroid storm successfully treated by CRRT in a patient considered unfit for antithyroid drug treatment.

Learning points:

The presenting manifestations of thyroid storm vary and can include cardiac arrest with multiorgan failure in rare cases.

In some patients with thyroid storm, especially those with severe complications, conventional medical treatment may be ineffective or inappropriate.

During thyroid storm, the initiation of CRRT can immediately lower body temperature and subsequently stabilize vital signs.

Early initiation of CRRT can be life-saving in patients with thyroid storm complicated by MOF, even when used in combination with suboptimal medical treatment.

http://ift.tt/2nseY2h

The Evolving Role of Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Management of Gastroesophageal Cancer

Publication date: Available online 30 March 2017
Source:Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America
Author(s): Adrian G. Murphy, Ronan J. Kelly

Teaser

The connection between inflammation and malignancy has long been recognized in gastric and esophageal cancers. Given the considerable success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in other tumor types, for example, lung cancer and melanoma, much attention is being paid to furthering their role in gastric and esophageal cancers. The Cancer Genome Atlas has provided further details of the molecular heterogeneity of these tumors, which may help predict responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors. This article discusses the rationale for investigating these agents in gastroesophageal cancer and summarizes the relevant clinical trial data and ongoing studies.


http://ift.tt/2mWOQ3D

Morbidity of the Free Fibula Flap Reconstruction in Head and Neck Malignancies

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601421

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2ojko3n

Super-Thin and Suprafascial Anterolateral Thigh Perforator Flaps for Extremity Reconstruction

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601422

Background The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap remains a workhorse for soft tissue reconstruction. However, the traditional ALT flap is often too bulky for resurfacing shallow, distal extremity defects, prohibiting adequate function, or well-fitted orthotics. This study evaluates extremity reconstruction using ALT flaps elevated in the suprafascial or super-thin plane. Methods Retrospective review of ALT free flap reconstruction from October 2014 to July 2016 was performed. Suprafascial and super-thin flaps were those elevated just above the crural fascia and within the superficial scarpal plane, respectively. Adjunct operative procedures, demographics, and complications were recorded. Results A total of 25 patients underwent suprafascial (n = 14) or super-thin (n = 11) ALT flap reconstruction for primarily lower extremity wounds (n = 19), with an average age and body mass index of 53.8 years and 26.3 kg/m2, respectively. Follow-up was 6.3 months. Comorbidities included smoking (n = 7), diabetes (n = 8), peripheral vascular disease (n = 6), and hypertension (n = 8). The presence of hardware (n = 9), trauma (n = 10), and chronic infection (n = 12) were common risk factors. Average flap size was 8.2 × 21.5 cm, with 64% (n = 16) taken on one perforator. Forty-eight percent (n = 12) were end-to-side anastomoses and 62% (n = 13) utilized one venous anastomosis. Mean hospital stay was 7.8 days with a 24% (n = 6) complication rate. There were no partial or complete flap losses. Conclusion The ALT flap, elevated in a suprafascial or super-thin plane, is a safe, effective option for extremity soft tissue reconstruction. The decreased flap volume and bulk provides the improved contour and pliability necessary for appropriate distal extremity function. The potential versatility of super-thin flaps reinforces the importance of continued innovation by reconstructive microsurgeons.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2ojp7Cc