Source:Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Volume 78
http://ift.tt/2v8nRFq
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:Allergology International
Author(s): Motoyasu Iikura, Masayuki Hojo, Naoko Nagano, Keita Sakamoto, Konomi Kobayashi, Shota Yamamoto, Masao Hashimoto, Satoru Ishii, Shinyu Izumi, Haruhito Sugiyama
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Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:Allergology International
Author(s): Gemma Mencia, David El-Qutob, Fernando Pineda, Miriam Castillo
http://ift.tt/2vUxEfQ
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:Allergology International
Author(s): Syuji Yonekura, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Daiju Sakurai, Kimihiro Okubo, Minoru Gotoh, Shinya Kaneko, Akiyoshi Konno
BackgroundSublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) can improve the symptoms of allergic rhinitis and modify its natural history; however, its efficacy varies among patients. This study aimed to determine which factors modify the effect of SLIT through post hoc analysis of a previous phase 3 trial of standardized Japanese cedar (JC) pollen extract (CEDARTOLEN®).MethodsThe study included 482 patients who had previously completed a phase 3 trial during two seasons. The SLIT and placebo groups each contained 241 subjects. Because pollen dispersal differed in the two seasons, we identified good and poor responders from the SLIT group in the 2nd season. We compared patient baseline characteristics, changes in serum immunoglobulin, and severity of symptoms in the 1st season between good and poor responders, as well as between SLIT and placebo groups.ResultsWhen we compared the baseline characteristics of good and poor responders, a significant difference was observed in body mass index (BMI) such that the patients with BMI ≥25 presented with lower treatment efficacy. No significant difference was observed in correlation with any other factors or treatment-induced alterations of serum immunoglobulin levels. We found that 75.3% of the patients with moderate symptoms and 50.9% of the patients with severe or very severe symptoms in the 1st season met our criteria for good responders in the 2nd season.ConclusionsBMI might modify the effect of SLIT; however, other factors were not related clearly. The severity of symptoms in the 1st season of treatment does not predict that in the 2nd season.
http://ift.tt/2uJR0FU
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Author(s): Carolina Lavazza, Valeria Milano, Alessandra Abenavoli, Alberto Maggiani
IntroductionAccurate and reliable palpation is needed to identify anatomical landmarks as well as to assess motion and dysfunctions. Although different trials suggested that training might increase reliability of palpation, the poor dependability of the examined tests may show the need to review the teaching methods to improve palpatory accuracy.The aims of this study were:Methods82 examiners with different years of experience were enrolled from AIMO institute. Two different type of training sessions were performed (individual and group training). A total of 5 training sessions were performed during 5 weeks and 5 different models with a similar BMI were used.A uni-variated statistical analysis was used to evaluate the main effect of type and number of trainings, a multi-variated analysis was used to verify cross-effects.ResultsOverall results show moderate reliability for the correct detection of the position of the heel lift (Random probability being 33%, GT = 58.6% and SIPS = 57.1%, both P-value < 0.001).No difference was shown between the types of training (p-value GT = 0.503, p-value PSIS = 1) and no overall improvement was shown after the first training (P-value(GT) = 0.25, P-value(PSIS) = 0.96). The professional group improved the reliability during the training sessions starting from substantial reliability and ended with an almost perfect reliability (P-value GT = 0.0029, P-Value PSIS<0.001). Whereas the 3rd 4th and 5th showed a decreased performance.ConclusionsType of training sessions seems not to influence reliability of palpations. The improvement of reliability during the training sessions seems to be related to the experience of examiners which plays an important role in reliability and the learning experience.
http://ift.tt/2hcF0YC
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Author(s): Sergio R. Thomaz, Felipe A. Teixeira, Alexandra C.G.B. de Lima, Gerson C. Junior, Magno F. Formiga, Lawrence Patrick Cahalin
BackgroundHeart Failure (HF) patients usually present with increased arterial resistance and reduced blood pressure (BP) leading to an impaired functional capacity. Osteopathic Manual Therapy (OMT) focused on myofascial release techniques (MRT) and in the balance of diaphragmatic tensions has been shown to improve blood flow in individuals using the resistive index (RI). However, its effects in HF patients have not been examined.PurposeTo evaluate the acute response of selected osteopathic techniques on RI, heart rate (HR), and BP in patients with HF.MethodsRandomized-controlled clinical trial of HF patients assigned to MRT (six different techniques with three aimed at the pelvis, two at the thorax, and one at the neck for 15 min) or Control group (subjects in supine position for 15 min without intervention). The RI of the femoral, brachial and carotid arteries was measured via doppler ultrasound while HR and BP were measured via sphygmomanometry before and after a single MRT or control intervention.ResultsTwenty-two HF patients equally distributed (50% male, mean age 53 years; range 32–69 years) (ejection fraction = 35.6%, VO2peak: 12.9 mL/kg−1 min−1) were evaluated. We found no intra or inter group differences in RI of the carotid (ΔMRT: 0.07% vs Δ Control:11.8%), brachial (ΔMRT:0.17% vs ΔControl: 2.9%), or femoral arteries (ΔMRT:1.65% vs ΔControl: 0.97%) (P > 0.05) and no difference in HR or BP (ΔMRT:0.6% vs ΔControl: 3%), (P > 0.05).ConclusionA single MRT session did not significantly change the RI, HR, or BP of HF patients.
http://ift.tt/2eWTtXY
Publication date: October 2017
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 51
Author(s): Qun Xie, Miaomiao Fei, Zhenzong Fa, Liping Wang, Jun Wang, Yan Zhang, Jiafeng Wang, Xiaoming Deng
BackgroundAcute pancreatitis (AP) is a potentially life-threatening gastrointestinal disease involving intracellular activation of digestive enzymes and pancreatic acinar cell injury. The present study was performed to investigate whether methane-rich saline (MS) was involved in the regulation of AP.MethodsMS (16ml/kg) was administered at different dosing frequencies on mice with cerulein-induced AP. Serum amylase, lipase and histopathological changes in the pancreas tissue were measured. Serum cytokine TNFα, IL-6, IFNγ and IL-10 were detected by ELISA. The mRNA levels of these inflammatory cytokines in the pancreas were detected by real time-PCR. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined using commercial kits. Apoptosis was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.ResultsMS treatment reversed the increased serum level of amylase and lipase, alleviated the pathological damage in the pancreas, and decreased the expression of TNFα, IL-6, IFNγ and IL-10 in cerulean-induced AP mice. In addition, MPO was down-regulated and SOD was up-regulated in the MS treated pancreas, indicating that MS had an anti-oxidant effect against AP. Furthermore, MS protected pancreatic cells against cerulean-induced apoptosis and abolished cleaved caspase-3.ConclusionMS exerted anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects on cerulein-induced AP in mice and may proved to be a promising therapeutic agent for the clinical treatment of pancreatitis.
http://ift.tt/2vTNqY9
This paper examines the effects of non-traditional (non-behavioural and non-prescription pharmaceutical) approaches on sleep in children and young people (0-18 years). A systematic search identified 79 studies that met inclusion criteria. Seventeen percent of the studies were rated as having a conclusive level of evidence, forty-two percent with preponderant evidence and forty-one percent with only suggestive evidence. There were promising indications, with certain populations only, for aromatherapy, ketagenic diets, an elimination diet (few foods diet), elimination of cows milk, avoidance of caffeine, tryptophan with adenosine and uridine, omega-3 and omega-6, valerian, music, osteopathic manipulation and white noise.
http://ift.tt/2eWYy2D
Publication date: September 2017
Source:Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, Volume 46, Issue 3
http://ift.tt/2u8Ia0G
Publication date: September 2017
Source:Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, Volume 46, Issue 3
http://ift.tt/2u8wzPm
Publication date: September 2017
Source:Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, Volume 46, Issue 3
http://ift.tt/2u8jllC
Publication date: September 2017
Source:Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, Volume 46, Issue 3
Author(s): Anat Ben-Shlomo, Maria Fleseriu
http://ift.tt/2tT3L2a
Publication date: September 2017
Source:Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, Volume 46, Issue 3
Author(s): Richard J. Auchus, Barry D. Pressman, Adina F. Turcu, Alan D. Waxman
http://ift.tt/2u8oOsU
Publication date: September 2017
Source:Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, Volume 46, Issue 3
Author(s): Richard J. Auchus, Barry D. Pressman, Adina F. Turcu, Alan D. Waxman
http://ift.tt/2tTb3To
Publication date: September 2017
Source:Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, Volume 46, Issue 3
Author(s): Joel Ehrenkranz
Publication date: September 2017
Source:Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, Volume 46, Issue 3
Author(s): Michelle Melany, Sardius Chen
Histamine is an important chemical mediator in the development of allergic rhinitis and plays a key role in eliciting the nasal symptoms of the disorder. Histamine may also affect smell as a neurotransmitter. However, whether histamine receptors are present in the mammalian olfactory epithelium has not yet been examined. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and distribution of histamine H1, H2, and H3 receptors in rat olfactory epithelium.
http://ift.tt/2uJcZNg
Mandibular reconstruction performed after virtual planning has become more common during recent years. The gold standard for extensive mandibular reconstruction is of course a fibular free flap. In designing an osteomyocutaneous fibula flap, poor planning, aberrant anatomy and/or inadequate perforator vessels are the most frequent causes of complications and may force the surgeon to modify the flap design, explore the contralateral leg or harvest an additional microvascular flap. The goal of our study was to pre-operatively evaluate the vascular anatomy of the fibula and localize the cutaneous perforator vessels, so to create the fibular cutting guide based on the position of the cutaneous perforator and safely harvest the reconstructive flap.
http://ift.tt/2uJ21aw
The benefit of computer-assisted planning in orthognathic surgery has been extensively documented over the last decade. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of a virtual orthognathic surgical plan by a novel three dimensional (3D) analysis method.Ten patients who required orthognathic surgery were included in this study. A virtual surgical plan was achieved by the combination of a 3D skull model acquired from computed tomography (CT) and surface scanning of the upper and lower dental arch respectively and final occlusal position.
http://ift.tt/2vTEwtK
To compare the effectiveness of the Quickert suture (Q-suture) with that of the lateral tarsoligamentous sling in treating lower eyelid involutional entropion in Asians.
http://ift.tt/2uJg6ET
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:Clinical Imaging
Author(s): Sarah M. Friedewald, Victoria A. Young, Dipti Gupta
The scroll bar on digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is an important tool that facilitates localization of lesions on the orthogonal view. While this works well most of the time, occasionally the location of the lesion as directed by the scroll bar is seemingly inaccurate. There are five important reasons why the scroll bar indicator may suggest a contradictory lesion location. Understanding specific scenarios when this may occur will aid the reader in reconciling these differences.
http://ift.tt/2eWIv4T
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:Human Pathology
Author(s): Elise L Kessler, Peter GJ Nikkels, Toon AB van Veen
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) leads to disturbed contraction and force transduction, and is associated with substantial mortality in all age groups. Involvement of a disrupted composition of the intercalated disc (ID) has been reported. However, in children, little is established about such subcellular changes during disease, because of the pathological mix-up with the ongoing cardiac maturation. This leaves maladaptive remodeling often undetected. We aimed at illustrating subcellular alterations in children diagnosed with DCM compared to age-matched controls, focusing on ID proteins known to be crucially stable under healthy conditions and destabilized during cardiac injury in adults. Left Ventricular or septal pediatric specimens were collected from 7 individuals diagnosed with DCM (age: 23weeks in utero - 8weeks postnatal) and age-matched controls that died of non-cardiovascular cause. We determined the amount of fibrosis and localization of ID proteins by immunohistochemistry. In pediatric DCM, most ID proteins follow similar spatio-temporal changes in localization as in controls. However, although no mutations were found, the signal of the desmosomal protein Desmoglein-2 was reduced in all pediatric DCM specimens, but not in controls or adult DCM patients. Endocardial and transmural fibrosis was increased in all pediatric DCM patients compared to age-matched controls. Composition of the ID in pediatric DCM patients is similar to controls, except for the localization of Desmoglein-2 and presence of severe fibrosis. This suggests that the architecture of desmosomes is already disturbed in the early stages of DCM. These findings contribute to the understanding of pediatric DCM.
http://ift.tt/2tMJWFL
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
Author(s): A. Weckel, M. Marx, M.-J. Esteve-Fraysse
ObjectiveThe main objective was to assess the efficacy of intratympanic dexamethasone injection in controlling vertigo in unilateral Ménière's disease refractory to medical treatment.Materials and methodsA retrospective study included 25 patients with disabling unilateral Ménière's disease, defined according to the American Academy of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) criteria. Patients received intratympanic dexamethasone during the monitoring period. Control of vertigo was classified according to AAO-HNS vertigo control index, at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after treatment initiation. Complications and progression of hearing were also assessed.ResultsSatisfactory control (class A or B) was obtained in 92% of patients (n=23/25) at 6 months, 68% (n=17/25) at 1 year, and 70% (n=16/23) at 2 years. There was no worsening of hearing in those patients who were well-controlled by this therapeutic strategy. No local or systemic complications were observed during follow-up.ConclusionDexamethasone is part of the management strategy for patients with Ménière's disease refractory to conventional treatment, implemented before destructive treatment. It achieves control of vertigo in 70% of patients at 2 years.
http://ift.tt/2eXuxQ2
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:Journal of Surgical Education
Author(s): Faris Shweikeh, Alexander C. Schwed, Chiu-Hsieh Hsu, Valentine N. Nfonsam
ObjectiveTo investigate the current rate of attrition in general surgery residency, assess the risk factors, and identify prevention strategies.DesignA literature review of the PubMed and MEDLINE databases, from January 1, 1980 to February 1, 2016, for relevant articles. The calculated attrition rate and the statistically significant influencing factors were the main measures and outcomes.SelectionAll English language articles that described attrition from a general surgery residency were included. Articles that performed an assessment of attrition rates, academic performance, reasons for resident loss, and demographics were identified and data from these studies were collected. Random-effect meta-analysis and meta-regression based on a generalized mixed-effects model was performed.ResultsA total of 26 studies were included. Reported attrition rates ranged from 2% to 30% over the course of residency training. Random-effect meta-analysis is indicative of a yearly attrition rate of 2.4% (95% CI: 1.3%-3.5%) and a cumulative 5-year attrition rate of 12.9% (95% CI: 7.9%-17.8%). Most of them leave residency during their first 2 years, and the rate significantly decreases with increasing postgraduate year (p < 0.0001). The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education mandated 80-hour week is associated with a higher rate, though not significantly (3.2% [95% CI: 1.3%-5.1%] vs. 2.2% [0.9%-3.5%], p = 0.37). Pooled analysis demonstrates no statistically significant difference in the rate of attrition between males and females (2.1% [95% CI: 1.1%-3%] vs. 2.9% [95% CI: 1.6%-4.1%], p = 0.73). Most remain in graduate medical education and pursue residency training in other specialties.ConclusionAttrition in general surgery most commonly occurs within the first 2 years of training and, in contrast to previous findings, is not related to female sex. Restrictions on work hours seem to have increased the rate, whereas remediation practices can prevent it. Training programs should direct efforts towards attrition-prevention strategies.
http://ift.tt/2vhtZM0
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
Author(s): C. Eyermann, T. Raguin, P. Hemar, C. Debry
IntroductionLiposarcoma of the hypopharynx is extremely rare, as only 28 cases have been reported in the literature. The cardinal symptom of liposarcoma is progressively worsening dysphagia.Case reportThe authors report the case of a 71-year-old man who presented with dysphagia, marked weight loss over several weeks and an episode of exteriorization of a solid mass from the mouth during an episode of vomiting. Imaging revealed a fat density intra-oesophageal mass. Panendoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy visualized the pedunculated tumour in the left piriform sinus, which was able to be exteriorized via the mouth. The tumour was then resected endoscopically at its hypopharyngeal insertion pedicle. Histological examination of the operative specimen concluded on well-differentiated benign liposarcoma.DiscussionWell-differentiated liposarcoma is the most common form of liposarcoma, but is only exceptionally reported in the hypopharynx. The main symptoms are related to compression of adjacent structures. Imaging findings are nonspecific. Only histological examination can distinguish liposarcoma from other benign oesophageal tumours. Standard treatment consists of wide, complete resection, which is not always possible in the neck. Long-term follow-up of these patients is essential in order to rapidly detect recurrence.
http://ift.tt/2hc8Ah2
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Daniel K. White, Zhichang Li, Yuqing Zhang, Adam R. Marmon, Hiral Master, Joseph Zeni, Jingbo Niu, Long Jiang, Shu Zhang, Jianhao Lin
ObjectiveTo describe physical function before and six months after Total Knee Replacement (TKR) in a small sample of women from China and the United States (US).Participants60 women after TKR from China and the USDesign, Setting, Outcomes: Data was from an observational study of TKR outcomes in Newark, Delaware (US group) and a control group after TKR in Beijing (China group). Both groups followed the same Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) protocols for the six-minute walk and 30-second chair stand. We compared physical function prior to TKR and six months after using linear regression adjusted for covariates.ResultsAge and BMI were similar in the China group (n=30, 66 years and 27.0 kg/m2) as the US group (n=30, 65 years and 29.6 kg/m2). Before surgery, the China group walked 263 (95%CI [-309,-219]) less meters and had 10.2 (95%CI [-11.8, -8.5]) fewer chairs stands than the US group. At six months when compared to the US group, the China group walked 38 more meters, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (95%CI [-1.6, 77.4]), and had 3.1 (95%CI [-4.4, -1.7]) fewer chair stands. The China group had greater improvement in the six-minute walk compared with the US group, p< 0.001.ConclusionDespite having worse physical function prior to TKR, the China group had greater gains in walking endurance and similar gains in repeated chair stands compared with the US group after surgery.
http://ift.tt/2v9J55m
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Penny Goldberg, Giorgio Zeppieri, Joel Bialosky, Charlotte Bocchino, Jon van den Boogaard, Susan Tillman, Terese L. Chmielewski
ObjectiveTo compare baseline kinesiophobia levels and their association with health-related quality of life across injury locations.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional study.SettingSingle, large outpatient physical therapy clinic within an academic medical center.Participants1233 patients who underwent an initial evaluation for a diagnosis related to musculoskeletal pain and completed the TSK-11 and SF-8™ questionnaires within 7 days of their first visit were eligible for inclusion. 380 patients were excluded for missing data or because they were under 18 years of age.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresComparison of baseline kinesiophobia levels and their association with health-related quality of life across injury locations in an outpatient physical therapy setting.ResultsA total of 853 patients (range: 18-94 years, mean age = 43.55 years) were included. Separate ANOVA models compared TSK-11 scores based on involved body region and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine the association between TSK-11 scores the SF-8™ sub-scales at each body region. TSK-11 scores did not differ by body region (range = 23.9 to 26.1). Weak to moderate negative correlations existed between kinesiophobia and the SF-8™ subscales.ConclusionKinesiophobia levels appear elevated and negatively associated with health-related quality of life at initial physical therapy evaluation regardless of injury location. These findings suggest physical therapists in outpatient orthopaedic settings should implement routine kinesiophobia assessment and provide stratified care based on kinesiophobia levels across musculoskeletal conditions.
http://ift.tt/2v9WvhI
Publication date: 15 January 2018
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 99
Author(s): Roman Viter, Maryna Savchuk, Igor Iatsunskyi, Zuzanna Pietralik, Nikolay Starodub, Nelya Shpyrka, Almira Ramanaviciene, Arunas Ramanavicius
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most widespread and dangerous food contaminants. Therefore, rapid, label-free and precise detection of low OTA concentrations requires novel sensing elements with advanced bio-analytical properties. In the present paper we report photoluminescence (PL) based immunosensor for the detection of OTA. During the development of immunosensor photoluminescent ZnO nanorods (ZnO-NRs) were deposited on glass substrate. Then the ZnO-NRs were silanized and covalently modified by Protein-A (Glass/ZnO-NRs/Protein-A). The latest structure was modified by antibodies against OTA (Anti-OTA) in order to form OTA-selective layer (Glass/ZnO-NRs/Protein-A/Anti-OTA). In order to improve immunosensors selectivity the surface of Glass/ZnO-NRs/Protein-A/Anti-OTA was additionally blocked by BSA. Formed Glass/ZnO-NRs/Protein-A/BSA&Anti-OTA structures were integrated within portable fiber optic detection system, what is important for the development of low cost and portable immunosensors. The immunosensor has been tested in a wide range of OTA concentrations from 10−4ng/ml until 20ng/ml. Interaction isotherms were derived from analytical signals of immunosensor. Association constant and Gibbs free energy for the interaction of Glass/ZnO-NRs/Protein-A/Anti-OTA with OTA were calculated, analyzed and compared with some other related results. Sensitivity range and limit of detection were determined as 0.1–1ng/ml and 10−2ng/ml, respectively. Interaction kinetics of ZnO-NRs with OTA was evaluated. Response time of the immunosensor toward OTA was in the range of 500–800s. Some insights related to the mechanism of PL-signal generation are proposed and discussed.
Publication date: 15 January 2018
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 99
Author(s): Nadezda Pankratova, Maria Cuartero, Laura A. Jowett, Ethan N.W. Howe, Philip A. Gale, Eric Bakker, Gastón A. Crespo
Fluorinated tripodal compounds were recently reported to be efficient transmembrane transporters for a series of inorganic anions. In particular, this class of receptors has been shown to be suitable for the effective complexation of chloride, nitrate, bicarbonate and sulfate anions via hydrogen bonding. The potentiometric properties of urea and thiourea-based fluorinated tripodal receptors are explored here for the first time, in light of the need for reliable sensors for chloride monitoring in undiluted biological fluids. The ion selective electrode (ISE) membranes with tren-based tris-urea bis(CF3) tripodal compound (ionophore I) were found to exhibit the best selectivity for chloride over major lipophilic anions such as salicylate (logKCl−/Sal−pot=+1.0) and thiocyanate (logKCl−/SCN−pot=+0.1). Ionophore I-based ISEs were successfully applied for chloride determination in undiluted human serum as well as artificial serum sample, the slope of the linear calibration at the relevant background of interfering ions being close to Nernstian (49.8±1.7mV). The results of potentiometric measurements were confirmed by argentometric titration. Moreover, the ionophore I-based ISE membrane was shown to exhibit a very good long-term stability of potentiometric performance over the period of 10 weeks. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titrations, potentiometric sandwich membrane experiments and density functional theory (DFT) computational studies were performed to determine the binding constants and suggest 1:1 complexation stoichiometry for the ionophore I with chloride as well as salicylate.
http://ift.tt/2tMwn93
Publication date: 15 January 2018
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 99
Author(s): Mohit S. Verma, Maria-Nefeli Tsaloglou, Tyler Sisley, Dionysios Christodouleas, Austin Chen, Jonathan Milette, George M. Whitesides
This article describes a 3D microfluidic paper-based analytical device that can be used to conduct an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The device comprises two parts: a sliding strip (which contains the active sensing area) and a structure surrounding the sliding strip (which holds stored reagents—buffers, antibodies, and enzymatic substrate—and distributes fluid). Running an ELISA involves adding sample (e.g. blood) and water, moving the sliding strip at scheduled times, and analyzing the resulting color in the sensing area visually or using a flatbed scanner. We demonstrate that this device can be used to detect C-reactive protein (CRP)—a biomarker for neonatal sepsis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases—at a concentration range of 1–100ng/mL in 1000-fold diluted blood (1–100µg/mL in undiluted blood). The accuracy of the device (as characterized by the area under the receiver operator characteristics curve) is 89% and 83% for cut-offs of 10ng/mL (for neonatal sepsis and pelvic inflammatory disease) and 30ng/mL (for inflammatory bowel diseases) CRP in 1000-fold diluted blood respectively. In resource-limited settings, the device can be used as a part of a kit (containing the device, a fixed-volume capillary, a pre-filled tube, a syringe, and a dropper); this kit would cost ~ $0.50 when produced in large scale (>100,000 devices/week). This kit has the technical characteristics to be employed as a pre-screening tool, when combined with other data such as patient history and clinical signs.
http://ift.tt/2v4DnlA
Publication date: 15 January 2018
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 99
Author(s): Phan Thi Kim Loan, Dongqin Wu, Chen Ye, Xiaoqing Li, Vu Thanh Tra, Qiuping Wei, Li Fu, Aimin Yu, Lain-Jong Li, Cheng-Te Lin
The quality of graphene strongly affects the performance of graphene-based biosensors which are highly demanded for the sensitive and selective detection of biomolecules, such as DNA. This work reported a novel transfer process for preparing a residue-free graphene film using a thin gold supporting layer. A Hall effect device made of this gold-transferred graphene was demonstrated to significantly enhance the sensitivity (≈ 5 times) for hybridization detection, with a linear detection range of 1pM to 100nM for DNA target. Our findings provide an efficient method to boost the sensitivity of graphene-based biosensors for DNA recognition.
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:Seminars in Oncology
Author(s): M. Ducreux, P. Österlund, J.P. Pignon
http://ift.tt/2vh15eW
Publication date: January 2018
Source:Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Volume 40, Part A
Author(s): Xingrui Chen, Fangkun Ning, Jian Hou, Qichi Le, Yan Tang
Compared with other dual-frequency acoustic applications, melt-treatment with dual-frequency ultrasound was less researched, especially in magnesium field. In this present work, traditional single-frequency ultrasonic field (SUF) treatment and dual-frequency ultrasonic field (DUF) treatment were used to refine the as-cast microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of the ZK60 (Mg–Zn–Zr) magnesium alloy. The influences of DUF on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties were systematically investigated, and the cavitation bubble's dynamic behaviors were investigated by numerical simulation. α-Mg grains and second phases were dramatically refined by introduced ultrasound, and DUF showed higher refinement efficiency than SUF. The DUF treatment promoted the formation of small α-Mg globular grains and changed the distribution and morphology of MgZn2 phases. Mechanical properties of the as-cast alloy were much promoted with DUF. Yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation increased to 153MPa, 239MPa and 13.9% respectively after 1400W DUF treatment, which were 30.8%, 42.3% and 58.0% higher than the values obtained from untreated samples and 20.5%, 20.7% and 30.0% higher than 1200W SUF treated samples. The DUF can generate more and larger cavitation bubbles, and make more bubbles into instantaneous bubbles, improving refinement efficiency.
http://ift.tt/2vgQ5y9
Background
To investigate the effect of pregnancy on anterior, posterior and biomechanical corneal parameters of healthy eyes.
MethodIn this prospective cohort study, 70 pregnant participants with clinically healthy eyes underwent corneal topographic imaging evaluation by Pentacam and biomechanical assessment by Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) before pregnancy, at the third trimester of pregnancy (34th week of pregnancy) and 12 months after delivery. The same number of age-matched non-pregnant females was evaluated at the corresponding appointments as the control group.
ResultsAssessment of the tomographic, topographic and ORA measurements before pregnancy, at the third trimester of pregnancy and 12 months post partum revealed no statistically significant changes in anterior and posterior corneal flat, steep and mean keratometry, anterior and posterior elevation measurements, central and thinnest corneal thickness, corneal hysteresis, corneal resistance factor and intraocular pressure measurements (p>0.05, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA)). All of the study parameters returned to their baseline levels 1âyear after delivery. The ophthalmic parameters of the non-pregnant group remained significantly unchanged during the study period (p>0.05, all comparisons, repeated measures ANOVA). Moreover, no statistically significant differences were found between pregnant and non-pregnant groups in the second (34th week of pregnancy) and third (post partum) appointments (p>0.05, all comparisons, one-way ANOVA).
ConclusionOur findings may suggest a physiological nature for ocular changes during pregnancy that these changes return to baseline values after delivery. The differences between tomographic, topographic and biomechanical corneal parameters before pregnancy, during pregnancy and post partum were not statistically or clinically significant.
Epigenetic alterations may represent new therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers of allergic rhinitis (AR). Our aim was to examine genome-wide epigenetic changes induced by controlled pollen exposure in the Environmental Exposure Unit (EEU).
38 AR-sufferers and 8 non-allergic controls were exposed to grass pollen for 3h on two consecutive days. We interrogated DNA methylation at baseline and 3h in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using the Infinium Methylation 450K array. We corrected for demographics, cell composition, and multiple testing (Benjamini-Hochberg), and verified hits using bisulfite PCR-pyrosequencing and qPCR. To extend these findings to a clinically relevant tissue, we investigated DNA methylation and gene expression of mucin 4 (MUC4), in nasal brushings from a separate validation cohort exposed to birch pollen.
In PBMCs of allergic rhinitis participants, 42 sites showed significant DNA methylation changes of 2% or greater. DNA methylation changes in tryptase gamma 1 (TPSG1), schlafen 12 (SLFN12) and MUC4 in response to exposure were validated by pyrosequencing. SLFN12 DNA methylation significantly correlated with symptoms (p<0.05), and baseline DNA methylation pattern was found to be predictive of symptom severity upon grass allergen exposure (p<0.05). Changes in MUC4 DNA methylation in nasal brushings in the validation cohort correlated with drop in peak nasal inspiratory flow (Spearman r = 0.314, p = 0.034), and MUC4 gene expression was significantly increased (p<0.0001).
This study revealed novel and rapid epigenetic changes upon exposure in a controlled allergen challenge facility, identified baseline epigenetic status as a predictor of symptom severity.
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Epigenetic alterations may represent new therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers of allergic rhinitis (AR). Our aim was to examine genome-wide epigenetic changes induced by controlled pollen exposure in the Environmental Exposure Unit (EEU).
38 AR-sufferers and 8 non-allergic controls were exposed to grass pollen for 3h on two consecutive days. We interrogated DNA methylation at baseline and 3h in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using the Infinium Methylation 450K array. We corrected for demographics, cell composition, and multiple testing (Benjamini-Hochberg), and verified hits using bisulfite PCR-pyrosequencing and qPCR. To extend these findings to a clinically relevant tissue, we investigated DNA methylation and gene expression of mucin 4 (MUC4), in nasal brushings from a separate validation cohort exposed to birch pollen.
In PBMCs of allergic rhinitis participants, 42 sites showed significant DNA methylation changes of 2% or greater. DNA methylation changes in tryptase gamma 1 (TPSG1), schlafen 12 (SLFN12) and MUC4 in response to exposure were validated by pyrosequencing. SLFN12 DNA methylation significantly correlated with symptoms (p<0.05), and baseline DNA methylation pattern was found to be predictive of symptom severity upon grass allergen exposure (p<0.05). Changes in MUC4 DNA methylation in nasal brushings in the validation cohort correlated with drop in peak nasal inspiratory flow (Spearman r = 0.314, p = 0.034), and MUC4 gene expression was significantly increased (p<0.0001).
This study revealed novel and rapid epigenetic changes upon exposure in a controlled allergen challenge facility, identified baseline epigenetic status as a predictor of symptom severity.
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Publication date: October 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 94
Author(s): Krit Jaikumkao, Anchalee Pongchaidecha, Varanuj Chatsudthipong, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn, Nipon Chattipakorn, Anusorn Lungkaphin
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. The early effective treatment of high plasma glucose could delay or prevent the onset of DN. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are new target treatments for ameliorating high plasma glucose and help to maintain glucose homeostasis in diabetic patients. Reduced renal glucose reabsorption by SGLT2 inhibition seems to have high potential to improve glycemic control in diabetes mellitus (DM) not only through glucose lowering but also through glucose-independent effects such as blood pressure-lowering and direct renal effects in diabetes. Of note, the important events in the pathogenesis of glucose-induced renal injury and DN including oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis conditions have shown to be ameliorate after the treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors. Interestingly, SGLT2 inhibitors have been reported to reduce albuminuria in DM via an activation of renal tubuloglomerular feedback by increased macula densa sodium and chloride delivery, leading to afferent vasoconstriction and attenuated diabetes-induced renal hyperfiltration. These effects also help to conserve glomerular integrity. Thus, the treatment of diabetes mellitus using SGLT2 inhibitors could be one of the effective approach for the management of diabetic-associated kidney disease like DN. This review summarizes the up to date information and discusses the bidirectional relationship between the SGLT2 inhibitor treatments and the renal functions that are available from both basic research and clinical reports. The details of renal outcomes of SGLT2 inhibitors in DN are also provide in this review.
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Publication date: October 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 94
Author(s): Marcin R. Tatara, Marcin Gołyński, Radosław P. Radzki, Marek Bieńko, Witold Krupski
Physiological concentrations of thyroid hormones are crucial for skeletal growth and development, physiological bone turnover and bone homeostasis maintenance. Methimazole (1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole) is an antithyroid drug used for the treatment of the hyperthyroidism in humans and animals. The aim of the study was to determine effects of long-term oral methimazole treatment in male Wistar rats on biochemical bone metabolism markers, as well as morphological, geometric, densitometric and mechanical properties of femur and tibia. Experimental rats were subjected to 90-day-long oral treatment with 0.05% water solution of methimazole and were kept under identical environmental conditions and received the same diet ad libitum as the control group. Serum concentration of osteocalcin (OC) and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX-I) was determined. Femur and tibia were evaluated using quantitative computed tomography (QCT), peripheral QCT (pQCT) and three-point bending test. Final body weight of the experimental group was significantly decreased by 30% (P=0.01). Methimazole treatment significantly decreased serum OC concentration by 21% (P=0.02) and increased CTX-I concentration by 17% (P=0.06). Methimazole decreased morphological, geometric and densitometric parameters of femur and tibia in rats. Mechanical evaluation of bones has shown significantly decreased maximum elastic strength and ultimate strength of femur in rats treated with methimazole by 36% and 40% when compared to the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study has shown that long-term treatment with methimazole inhibits bone formation and accelerates bone resorption processes. The observed negative effects of methimazole treatment on body weight gain and skeletal properties may be considered as additional possible side effects in living organisms to those reported in the previous studies. It may be suggested that long-term antithyroid treatment should be combined with prevention of the negative effects of methimazole on bone tissue and whole body metabolism.
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Publication date: October 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 94
Author(s): Jorge Mundo, Juana Villeda-Hernández, Maribel Herrera-Ruiz, María del Carmen Gutiérrez, Jesús Arellano-García, Ismael León-Rivera, Irene Perea-Arango
Waltheria americana is a plant used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat some nervous system disorders. The aims of the present study were to isolate and determine the neuropharmacological and neurprotective activities of metabolites produced by a cell suspension culture of Waltheria americana. Submerged cultivation of W. americana cells provided biomass. A methanol-soluble extract (WAsc) was obtained from biomass. WAsc was fractionated yielding the chromatographic fractions 4WAsc-H2O and WAsc-CH2Cl2. For the determination of anticonvulsant activity in vivo, seizures were induced in mice by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). Neuropharmacological activities (release of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and neuroprotection) of chromatographic fractions were determined by in vitro histological analysis of brain sections of mice post mortem. Fraction 4WAsc-H2O (containing saccharides) did not produce neuronal damage, neurodegeneration, interstitial tissue edema, astrocytic activation, nor cell death. Pretreatment of animals with 4WAsc-H2O and WAsc-CH2Cl2 from W. americana cell suspensions induced an increase in: GABA release, seizure latency, survival time, neuroprotection, and a decrease in the degree of severity of tonic/tonic-clonic convulsions, preventing PTZ-induced death of up to 100% of animals of study. Bioactive compounds produced in suspension cell culture of W. americana produce neuroprotective and neuropharmacological activities associated with the GABAergic neurotransmission system.
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Publication date: October 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 94
Author(s): Yan Zou, Ji-bin Xiong, Ke Ma, Ai-Zhong Wang, Ke-Jian Qian
Oxidative stress is a leading cause to liver injury. Rac2 is a Ras-associated guanosine triphosphatase, an important molecule modulating a large number of cells and involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). For the study described here, we supposed that Rac2 knockout protects mice against CCl4-induced acute liver injury. We found that Rac2 expressed highly in CCl4-induced liver tissues. CCl4-treated Rac2 knockout (Rac2−/−) mice had reduced CD24 levels and steatosis. In addition, CCl4-induced high expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine were reversed by Rac2 deficiency compared to CCl4-treated wild type (WT) mice. We also found that fibrosis-related signals of MMP-9, MMP-2 and TGF-β1 were also down-regulated in Rac2 knockout mice induced by CCl4. Significantly, oxidative stress induced by CCl4 was also suppressed owing to the lack of Rac2, evidenced by enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide radical, H2O2, xanthine oxidase (XO), xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and XO/XDH ratio. Moreover, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase mitogen-activated protein kinases (JNK MAPK) was activated by CCl4, which was reversed in the liver of Rac2−/− mice through western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. In vitro, endotoxin (LPS) was treated to hepatocytes isolated from WT mice and Rac2−/− mice. The data further confirmed the role of Rac2 deficiency suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine, as well as fibrosis-related signals. Of note, production of ROS induced by LPS was reduced in Rac2−/− cells, accompanied with enhanced SOD1, SOD2 and reduced XO and phosphorylated-JNK expressions. Our results indicated that Rac2 played an essential role in acute liver injury induced by CCl4, providing the compelling information of the effects of Rac2 on liver injury, and revealing a novel regulatory mechanism for acute liver injury.
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Publication date: October 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 94
Author(s): Varsha Pokharkar, Arpana Patil-Gadhe, Prathyusha Palla
Intranasal delivery is a potential platform that can be employed in targeting the antiretrovirals (ARVs) to reach HIV that harbors in the central nervous system. The objective of the study was to develop an optimized efavirenz (EFV) loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (ENLC) and deliver it through intranasal route for brain targeting. Factorial design (23) was used to identify the key formulation variables influencing particle size and percent drug encapsulation of efavirenz in the NLC. Optimised ENLC-6 batch exhibited a spherical morphology with a mean particle size of 162nm, high drug encapsulation of 95.78±0.42% and in-vitro drug release of 92.45% at the end of 24h. Single dose in-vivo pharmacokinetic studies revealed significant therapeutic concentration of the drug in the CNS following IN administration with a Cmax value of 31.45±0.75 and T1/2 of 11.14h. A 10 fold increase (p<0.001) in% drug targeting efficiency (DTE) and 4.5 fold increase (p<0.001) in % drug targeting potential (DTP) for ENLC-6 was observed as compared to pure EFV. Sub-acute 28day IN toxicity in experimental animals indicated non-toxicity of encapsulated efavirenz over pure drug. Based on the findings we conclude that the intelligent choice of the lipdic carrier along with the strategic use of excipients can prove helpful for the efficient brain targeting of the encapsulated efavirenz which is devoid of toxicity. This may prove useful in the management of neuro-AIDS.
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 94
Author(s): Maetzin Becerra Sanchez, Elizabeth Miranda-Perez, Juan Carlos Gomez Verjan, Maria de los Angeles Fortis Barrera, Julia Perez-Ramos, Francisco Javier Alarcon-Aguilar
The chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a natural product isolated from Cecropia obtusifolia, which possesses several pharmacological properties, such as: anti-carcinogenic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic. In relation to its effects on the hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia, few is known about the mechanisms in which this compound may be acting, therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine if CGA acts as an insulin secretagogue increasing intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in RINm5F cells; or as an insulin sensitizer and lipid-lowering agent stimulating the expression of PPARγ and PPARα, respectively, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. As results, RINm5F cells treated with 200μM of CGA showed an increase in [Ca2+]i of 9-times versus control and 4-times as compared to positive control; in addition, an increase in insulin secretion was observed similarly to those of positive control. CGA also significantly increased the mRNA expression of PPARγ (150%) and GLUT4 (220%), as well PPARα (40%) and FATP (25%) as it was appreciated by RT-PCR. Additionally, a chemoinformatic analysis suggested that CGA has suitable physicochemical properties to be considered as leader bioactive molecule for the development of novel agents with similar properties. Together, our results indicate that CGA possesses multiple mechanisms of action for the development of highly effective therapeutics in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
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