Activation and pathogenic manipulation of the sensors of the innate immune system

Publication date: Available online 14 January 2017
Source:Microbes and Infection
Author(s): Charlotte Odendall, Jonathan C. Kagan
The innate immune system detects the presence of microbes through different families of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs detect pathogens of all origins and trigger signaling events that activate innate and adaptive immunity. These signaling pathways are initiated by the recruitment of adaptor proteins and enzymes to the site of ligand encounter, in large complexes termed supramolecular organizing centers (SMOCs). These events need to be tightly regulated in order to ensure optimal activation when required, and minimal signaling in the absence of microbial encounters. This regulation is achieved, at least in part, through the precise subcellular localization of receptors and adaptors. Consequently, mislocalization of these proteins inhibits innate immune pathways, and pathogens have evolved to alter host protein localization as a strategy to evade immune detection. This review describes the importance of subcellular localization of various PRR families and their adaptors, and highlights pathogenic immune evasion strategies that operate by altering immune proteins localization.



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