Adult Atopic Dermatitis with Comorbid Atopic Disease is Associated with Increased Risk of Infections: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is related to other atopic diseases asthma and allergic rhinitis. It is known that those with asthma or allergic rhinitis have impaired immune responses that may predispose them to infections. This study sought to determine whether adult AD is associated with systemic infections, and whether association is strengthened in those with AD plus another atopic disease.

Methods

This cross-sectional study obtained information from adults in the 2010 and the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The primary exposure was history of AD without or with an additional atopic disease, asthma or allergic rhinitis. Self-reported systemic infections were the primary outcomes. Survey logistic regression was performed and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) reported.

Results

AD in NHIS 2010 was associated with increased risk of sinusitis [aOR (95% CIs): 1.65 (1.42, 1.91), P < 0.001], head or chest cold [1.31 (1.12, 1.52), P < 0.001], and gastrointestinal illness [2.39 (1.97, 2.89), P < 0.001], and in NHIS 2012, pneumonia/influenza [1.73 (1.54, 1.95), P < 0.001], strep throat/tonsillitis [1.72 (1.54, 1.92), P < 0.001], sinusitis [1.77 (1.54, 2.02), P < 0.001], head or chest cold [1.49 (1.33, 1.67), P < 0.001], and infectious disease [2.66 (2.20, 3.21), P < 0.001]. An increase in atopic disease mirrored an increase in number of infectious outcomes and was statistically significant in the combined dataset (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The associations between AD and AD plus another atopic disease with systemic infections suggest that an underlying immune defect may be contributing to microbial susceptibility. Further studies are warranted to understand the burden of infectious disease in this population.

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