Publication date: Available online 17 July 2017
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): K.-C. Ahogo, I.-P. Gbery, B. Vagamon, O.-A. Ouattara, K.-A. Kouassi, H.-S. Kourouma, Y.-I. Kouassi
IntroductionLe nævus de Ota est une pathologie rare, observée plus fréquemment chez des personnes d'ascendance asiatique. Il se présente cliniquement comme une hyperpigmentation maculeuse gris-bleu unilatérale du visage. La transformation en mélanome et le glaucome sont les principaux risques. L'apparition de lésions de vitiligo avec poliose au sein d'un nævus de Ota est exceptionnelle.ObservationUne femme de 22 ans, aux antécédents de nævus de Ota, consultait pour une dépigmentation des cils. L'examen physique trouvait une hyperpigmentation en nappe orbitofrontale droite, des macules achromiques ainsi qu'une poliose des cils. Le diagnostic de vililigo developpé sur nævus de Ota était retenu. L'examen ophtalmologique trouvait une hyperpigmentation de la sclérotique. Un suivi régulier en dermatologie et en ophtalmologie était institué.DiscussionLe vitiligo est une affection caractérisée par le développement de lésions dépigmentées secondaires à une disparition mélanocytaire chronique dans l'épiderme et le follicule pileux. Sa survenue sur des nævus congénitaux et sur des mélanomes a déjà été rapportée, mais son apparition au sein d'une mélanocytose dermique est très rare. Depuis la première observation de cette association en 1979, seuls 4 autres cas ont été rapportés. Les mécanismes pathogéniques de cette association sont encore mal élucidés. L'examen histopathologique montre en général une perte des mélanocytes épidermiques, alors que les mélanocytes dermiques ne sont pas affectés. Le vitiligo développé sur mélanocytose dermique résulterait ainsi de différences entre les mélanocytes normaux (épidermiques) et ectopiques (dermiques).ConclusionL'association vitiligo/nævus de Ota est exceptionnelle. Nous en rapportons un nouveau cas sur peau foncée.BackgroundNevus of Ota is a rare disease most frequently found in Asians. It presents clinically as a bluish gray hyperpigmentation of one side of the face. Transformation into melanoma and glaucoma are the main risks. The appearance of vitiligo lesions with poliosis within a nevus of Ota is exceptional.Patients and methodsA 22-year-old female patient with a nevus of Ota consulted for depigmentation of the eyelashes. Physical examination revealed hyperpigmentation in the right orbitofrontal part of her face, achromic macules and eyelash poliosis. A diagnosis was made of vitiligo developing on a nevus of Ota. Ophthalmologic examination showed hyperpigmentation of the sclera. Regular dermatologic and ophthalmologic follow-up was instituted.DiscussionVitiligo is a condition characterized by the development of depigmented lesions secondary to chronic degradation of the melanocytes of the epidermis and the follicles. Its occurrence on congenital nevus and melanoma has already been reported. However, its appearance in dermal melanocytosis is very rare. Since the first observation of this association in 1979, only 4 other cases have been reported. The pathogenic mechanisms of this association are still poorly understood. Histopathological examination generally shows a loss of epidermal melanocytes, especially in the basal layer, while dermal melanocytes remain unaffected. In this context, vitiligo developed on dermal melanosis appears to result from the difference between the properties of normal (epidermal) melanocytes and ectopic (dermal) melanocytes.ConclusionAssociation of vitiligo with nevus of Ota is rare. Herein, we report a new case in a dark-skinned subject.
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