Publication date: January 2018
Source:Revue des Maladies Respiratoires, Volume 35, Supplement
Author(s): S. Droneau, E. Noel-Savina, G. Plat, M. Murris, A. Leborgne-Krams, L. Brouchet, M. Dahan, A. Didier
IntroductionLa transplantation pulmonaire est une chirurgie de plus en plus fréquente, associée à de nombreuses complications et à une possible symphyse postopératoire. L'imagerie est essentielle au diagnostic de ces différentes complications telles que l'hémothorax, les paralysies diaphragmatiques, les bronchiolites et les infections respiratoires. L'échographie thoracique peut aider au dépistage de ces complications précoces ou retardées, tout en diminuant l'irradiation de ces patients, mais la sémiologie échographique du patient transplanté pulmonaire n'a jamais été décrite jusqu'à présent. L'objectif de cette étude est de décrire cette sémiologie en dehors de toutes complications afin d'utiliser cet outil en transplantation pulmonaire.MéthodesC'est une étude prospective monocentrique incluant des patients transplantés pulmonaires depuis plus de 3 mois, en dehors de toute complication respiratoire récente. Nous avons réalisé un examen échographique détaillé sur 3 champs par poumon transplanté et étudié la cinétique diaphragmatique.RésultatsAu total, 22 patients ont été inclus. Sur l'ensemble des cadrans anatomiques analysés, l'espace intercosto-aérique mesure en moyenne 8,9mm±2,1 (4,1–17,7) ; la ligne pleuropulmonaire est visible dans 100 % des cas ; des lignes B n'étaient visibles que dans 30 % des cas. Les signes du glissement et du rivage étaient absents dans respectivement 22 et 30 % des cas, mais l'un des signes de présence du poumon à la paroi était présent dans 88,6 % des cas (glissement/rivage, lignes B, pouls pulmonaire). L'amplitude diaphragmatique sur une inspiration forcée était mesurée en moyenne à 58,5±17,5mm (27–92) par voie antérieure et à 50,7±18,2mm (15–96) par voie postérieure.ConclusionLa sémiologie échographique du poumon transplanté est comparable à celle du patient sain avec une limite concernant le glissement pleural. L'échographie reste un bon moyen d'éliminer le diagnostic de pneumothorax chez ces patients. Il est possible d'étudier le diaphragme et sa mobilité, et cela pourrait permettre la détection précoce des paralysies diaphragmatiques post-transplantations. La visualisation des structures anatomiques normales nous autorise à utiliser l'échographie pour détecter les anomalies pleurales (épanchement, pachypleurite) et pour la réalisation des procédures pleurales invasives dans cette population. Il est possible de considérer la sur-représentation des lignes B comme un signe pathologique après une transplantation pulmonaire.
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Σφακιανάκης Αλέξανδρος
ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος
Αναπαύσεως 5 Άγιος Νικόλαος
Κρήτη 72100
00302841026182
00306932607174
alsfakia@gmail.com
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L’échographie thoracique du patient transplanté pulmonaire
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