Publication date: Available online 5 July 2017
Source:Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
Author(s): E. Eschapasse, C. Hussenet, A. Bergeron, D. Lebeaux
IntroductionLes pneumonies causées par des bactéries à croissance lente sont rares mais sont parfois sévères et délabrantes.État des connaissancesCes infections partagent plusieurs points communs comme de nombreux diagnostics différentiels, la difficulté à mettre en évidence l'agent pathogène, l'importance d'impliquer le microbiologiste dans l'exploration diagnostique et la nécessité d'un traitement antibiotique prolongé. Par contre, des différences majeures permettent de les distinguer : Nocardia et Rhodococcus touchent principalement des immunodéprimés alors que l'actinomycose concerne également les patients immunocompétents ; la gravité des nocardioses est liée à leur dissémination hématogène alors que l'extension locorégionale par contiguïté fait toute la gravité des actinomycoses.PerspectivesPour ces pathologies, les outils de diagnostic moléculaire sont fondamentaux, soit pour obtenir un diagnostic d'espèce et guider le traitement dans le cas des nocardioses, soit pour affirmer le diagnostic à partir d'un prélèvement biologique. Le traitement de ces infections est complexe du fait : (1) du peu de données dans la littérature ; (2) de la nécessité d'un traitement prolongé de plusieurs mois ; (3) de la gestion des toxicités et interactions médicamenteuses pour le traitement de Nocardia et Rhodococcus.ConclusionUne collaboration étroite entre pneumologues, infectiologues et microbiologistes est indispensable à la prise en charge de ces patients.IntroductionPneumonia caused by slow-growing bacteria is rare but sometimes severe.State of the artThese infections share many similarities such as several differential diagnoses, difficulties to identify the pathogen, the importance of involving the microbiologist in the diagnostic investigation and the need for prolonged antibiotic treatment. However, major differences distinguish them: Nocardia and Rhodococcus infect mainly immunocompromised patients while actinomycosis also concerns immunocompetent patients; the severity of nocardioses is related to their hematogenous spread while locoregional extension by contiguity makes the gravity of actinomycosis.ProspectiveFor these diseases, molecular diagnostic tools are essential, either to obtain a species identification and guide treatment in the case of nocardiosis or to confirm the diagnosis from a biological sample. Treatment of these infections is complex due to: (1) the limited data in the literature; (2) the need for prolonged treatment of several months; (3) the management of toxicities and drug interactions for the treatment of Nocardia and Rhodococcus.ConclusionClose cooperation between pneumonologists, infectious disease specialists and microbiologists is essential for the management of these patients.
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ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος
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Τετάρτη 5 Ιουλίου 2017
Infections respiratoires à bactéries à croissance lente : Nocardia, Actinomyces, Rhodococcus
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