Tranexamic Acid Does Not Influence Cardioprotection by Ischemic Preconditioning and Remote Ischemic Preconditioning.

Prior studies have suggested that the antifibrinolytic drug aprotinin increases the infarct size after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) and attenuates the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Aprotinin was replaced by tranexamic acid (TXA) in clinical practice. Here, we investigated whether TXA influences I/R injury and/or cardioprotection initiated by IPC and/or remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC). Anesthetized male Wistar rats were randomized to 6 groups. Control animals were not further treated. Administration of TXA was combined with and without IPC and RIPC. Estimated treatment effect was 20%. Compared to control group (56% +/- 11%), IPC reduced infarct size by 46% (30% +/- 6%; mean difference, 26%; 95% confidence interval, 19-33; P

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