Publication date: Available online 27 March 2018
Source:Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
Author(s): M. Isnard, E. Hullo, Y. Robert, C. Piolat, C. Durand, S. Lantuejoul, C. Garnaud, I. Pin
IntroductionL'aspergillome est dû à la colonisation d'une cavité pulmonaire, bronchique ou pleurale préexistante par Aspergillus spp. Souvent asymptomatique, cette pathologie peut se manifester par des hémoptysies récidivantes et des surinfections bactériennes. Les aspergillomes survenant sur des cavités post-traumatiques sont rares et leur prise en charge est mal codifiée.ObservationUne enfant de 13 ans est victime d'un traumatisme thoracique avec plaie pulmonaire. Deux ans plus tard, des hémoptysies récidivantes font découvrir une pneumatocèle lobaire inférieure droite séquellaire colonisée par Aspergillus spp. Un premier traitement par antifongiques azolés systémiques est mis en échec du fait d'une intolérance digestive et ophtalmologique. Un traitement chirurgical par lobectomie inférieure droite est finalement décidé de manière pluridisciplinaire. Il retrouve un corps étranger intrabronchique de type végétal avec armature cellulosique, suscitant une réaction granulomateuse polymorphe alentour, et associé à une prolifération de champignons filamenteux dont Aspergillus fumigatus. La chirurgie est suivie d'un traitement par amphotéricine B liposomale de trois semaines. L'évolution est favorable.ConclusionsCe cas clinique illustre le choix préférentiel d'une prise en charge chirurgicale des aspergillomes post-traumatiques, même chez l'enfant, afin d'éradiquer la greffe aspergillaire et de retirer un éventuel corps étranger pour prévenir les récidives.IntroductionAspergillomas occur due to colonization of a pre-existing pulmonary, bronchial or pleural cavity by Aspergillus spp. Often asymptomatic, this pathology can reveal itself by recurrent haemoptysis or when bacterial superinfections occur. Aspergillomas occurring in post-traumatic cavities are rare and their management is poorly codified.Case reportA child suffered from a chest wound at the age of 13 years. Two years later, investigation of recurrent haemoptysis revealed a residual pneumatocele in the right lower lobe colonized by Aspergillus spp. Initial treatment with systemic azole antifungals was unsuccessful because of digestive and ophthalmological intolerance. Surgical treatment by right lower lobectomy was finally decided on by the multidisciplinary team. This revealed an intrabronchial foreign body of vegetal type with cellulosic reinforcement, causing a polymorphic granulomatous reaction around, and associated with a proliferation of filamentous fungi including Aspergillus fumigatus. Surgery was followed by liposomal amphotericin B treatment for three weeks with a favourable outcome.ConclusionsThis clinical case illustrates the benefits of surgical management of post-traumatic aspergillomas, even in children, in order to eradicate the aspergillus implant and to remove any foreign body to prevent recurrence.
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Aspergillome pulmonaire sur corps étranger résiduel post-traumatique. Diagnostic et prise en charge
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