Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
"The Penitent Magdalene": Tiziano Vecellio (1488/1490–1576)
Tuesday, June 14, 2016, 2:56
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
Inadequate iodine nutrition of pregnant women in an area of iodine sufficiency
Tuesday, June 14, 2016, 2:56
Abstract
Purpose
I. R. Iran has been considered iodine replete since 2000, but iodine nutrition of vulnerable subjects is not clear. The main goal of this study was assessment of iodine nutrition and thyroid function in pregnant Iranian women.
Methods
A total of 1072 pregnant women from ten provinces in the different parts of the country were recruited from November to March 2014. Median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) as the measure of iodine status and serum free T4 (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), thyroglobulin (Tg), anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TgAb and TPOAb) were measured.
Results
Mean ± SD age of the cohort was 27.0 ± 7.2 years and gestational age was 20.7 ± 10.0 weeks. The median UIC for pregnant women was 87.3 μg/L, being 92.1, 86.0 and 76.8 μg/L, in three trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. Median UIC of <100, 100–149, 150–249, 250–499 and ≥500 μg/L was found in 58.4, 19.8, 16.2, 5.13 and 0.46 % of subjects, respectively. Median (IQR) values in the first, second, and third trimesters were 1.7 (0.9–2.8), 2.1 (1.5–2.9), and 2.1 (1.4–2.8) mIU/L for TSH, and 16.4 (12.21–21.13), 14.34 (12.16–19.69), and 14/07 (12.02–18.64) pmol/L for FT4, respectively. The frequency of elevated serum TSH was 9.0 % (6.6 % subclinical, 2.4 % overt hypothyroidism). The frequency of low serum TSH was 0.6 %. The frequency of positive TPOAb was 7.6 %.
Conclusions
Results of this study have clarified that despite iodine sufficiency of school children in Iran, pregnant women have moderate iodine deficiency and need iodine supplementation.
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
Association of autoimmune thyroid diseases, chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric carcinoid: experience from a single institution
Tuesday, June 14, 2016, 2:56
Abstract
Purpose
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS) type III are characterized by the association of autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) with other autoimmune diseases such as diabetes, alopecia, pernicious anemia, vitiligo and chronic atrophic gastritis. A strong association between ATD and atrophic gastritis (AG) has been demonstrated. Moreover 10 % of patients affected by AG have a predisposition to develop gastric carcinoid and adenocarcinoma as a result of chronic hypergastrinemia caused by achlorhydria and subsequent ELC cells neoplastic transformation.
Methods
The aim of the study is to evaluate, in a consecutive series of patients followed for ATD in our outpatients clinic, the prevalence of AG. In the period 2004–2014, 242 patients with ATD underwent a screening performing APCA, Vitamin B12, ferritin, iron, and hemoglobin and red cells count measurements with subsequent gastroscopy in case of APCA positivity.
Results
We found 57/242 (23.5 %) patients with APCA positivity. Of these patients 33/57 (57.8 %), 31 F and 2 M, were affected by Graves disease; 24/57 (42.1 %) 21 F and 3 M by Hashimoto thyroiditis; 10/57 (17.5 %) presented with anemia, 14/57 (24.5 %) with vitamin B12 deficiency, 9/57 (15.7 %) with iron deficiency. In 2/57 a gastric carcinoid was found.
Conclusions
Our data confirm the high association rate of AG in ATD which frequently is not an isolated disease but configure the picture of APS type III and need to be followed accordingly. An early diagnosis may be useful for diagnosis of gastric carcinoids and to explain and treat a gastric related l-thyroxine malabsorption and presence of chronic unexplained anemia.
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
Vitamin D status in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroiditis
Tuesday, June 14, 2016, 2:56
Abstract
Background
Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem. Its role as an immune modulator has been recently emphasized. There is increasing evidence for the significant role of vitamin D in reducing the incidence of autoimmune diseases. However, little is known about the status of vitamin D in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT).
Objective
The goal of the present study was to assess vitamin D status in Egyptian children and adolescents with AIT and to explore its relation to biomarkers of autoimmunity and thyroid function.
Design
A prevalence case–control study that included 56 children with AIT and 56 healthy, age- and sex-matched subjects that served as the control group. The following was done for all participants: thorough history, physical examination, thyroid ultrasound, measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin (FT4), anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and assessment of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) level.
Results
Overt hypothyroidism was detected in 42/56 while subclinical hypothyroidism was detected in 14/56 of the studied patients. Vitamin D deficiency rate was significantly higher in the AIT group compared to the control subjects (71.4 vs 21.4 %, P < 0.001). In AIT group, the mean level of 25OHD was significantly lower compared to the control group (16.2 ± 8.2 vs 33.9 ± 12.7 nmol/L, P < 0.001). The difference was more evident in patients with overt hypothyroidism than those with subclinical hypothyroidism (P < 0.01). There were significant negative correlations between serum 25OHD and age, duration of the disease, BMI, anti-TPOAb, anti-TGAb and TSH (P < 0.001 each). On the other hand, serum 25OHD correlated positively with FT4 levels. While 25OHD level was an independent risk factor for AIT, it failed to qualify as an independent risk for the progression of AIT to overt hypothyroidism after adjustment for other potential confounding factors; age, sex and BMI.
Conclusions
Low serum vitamin D is significantly associated with AIT in Egyptian children. However, vitamin D level is not an independent risk for the progression of AIT to overt hypothyroidism. BMI may have an influence on serum 25OHD levels.
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
Late-onset panhypopituitarism in a 72-year-old male patient treated with ipilimumab for metastatic melanoma: a case report
Tuesday, June 14, 2016, 2:56
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
Peripheral activities of growth hormone-releasing hormone
Tuesday, June 14, 2016, 2:56
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH) is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates GH synthesis and release in the anterior pituitary gland. In addition to its endocrine role, GHRH exerts a wide range of extrapituitary effects which include stimulation of cell proliferation, survival and differentiation, and inhibition of apoptosis. Accordingly, expression of GHRH, as well as the receptor GHRH-R and its splice variants, has been demonstrated in different peripheral tissues and cell types. Among the direct peripheral activities, GHRH regulates pancreatic islet and β-cell survival and function and endometrial cell proliferation, promotes cardioprotection and wound healing, influences the immune and reproductive systems, reduces inflammation, indirectly increases lifespan and adiposity and acts on skeletal muscle cells to inhibit cell death and atrophy. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly clear that GHRH exerts important extrapituitary functions, suggesting potential therapeutic use of the peptide and its analogs in a wide range of medical settings.
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
Osteoporosis treatment: complexities and challenges
Tuesday, June 14, 2016, 2:56
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
Wrist circumference as a novel negative risk factor for cardiovascular disease among adult men: a median follow-up of 9 years
Tuesday, June 14, 2016, 2:56
Abstract
Purpose
Wrist circumference is an easy to measure anthropometric index of body frame and bone size. The aim of this study was to examine the association of wrist circumference with incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among adult men.
Methods
For this study 2531 male participants aged ≥30 years, without any history of CVD were selected and followed from 1999 to 2011. Cox proportional hazard models and logistic regression were used to examine the relation of wrist circumference with incident CVD.
Results
A total of 339 cases of CVD were reported throughout a median follow-up of 9.4 years. In the multi-variable Cox model, 1 unit increase of wrist circumference was inversely associated with incident CVD with a HR (95 % CI) of 0.84 (0.72–0.98, P value = 0.02). The receiver operating characteristics curve in a logistic regression model for wrist circumference in prediction of CVD showed a cutoff of 17.75 cm, beyond which was associated with a lower risk for CVD.
Conclusion
In a population with a high prevalence of CVD risk factors, it was shown that a higher wrist circumference was associated with lower risk for incident CVD. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms of this inverse relation.
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
Pituitary apoplexy: considerations on a single center experience and review of the literature
Tuesday, June 14, 2016, 2:56
Abstract
Purpose
To present a single-center experience on pituitary tumor apoplexy and a review of literature focusing on predisposing and precipitating factors.
Methods
Clinical presentation of our series of cases. Contemporary published literature is also reviewed.
Results
The definition of this syndrome has not been consistent although now the majority of authors agree to definite it as an acute condition caused by hemorrhage or infarction of a pre-existing pituitary adenoma. Different predisposing and precipitating factors have been described in literature; among these antithrombotic and anticoagulant drugs, seem to play relevant roles. The clinical cases observed in our clinic confirm these data and suggest a probable association between elderly patients taking anticoagulant therapy and pituitary apoplexy adenoma.
Conclusion
Pituitary tumor apoplexy remains a challenging disease in relation to difficulties in correct diagnosis and thus in appropriate treatment. Antithrombotic/anticoagulant therapy may have an important role as precipitating factor. When a pituitary disorder is known, great care should be taken in the prescription of anticoagulant therapy.
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
What is the best treatment for women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and high LH/FSH ratio? A comparison among in vitro fertilization with GnRH agonist, GnRH antagonist and in vitro maturation
Tuesday, June 14, 2016, 2:56
Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate whether high LH/FSH ratio has a clinical impact on patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) with GnRH-agonist/antagonist protocols or in vitro maturation (IVM) treatments.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed all PCOS patients with day 3 LH/FSH ratio ≥1.5 who underwent IVF or IVM. The main outcomes measures were embryo quality and pregnancy rate.
Results
A total of 75 cycles were included. Among these, 44 patients underwent long agonist protocol, 16 antagonist protocol and 15 IVM. Age, basal LH and FSH levels, as well as duration of infertility were comparable for all groups. The LH level on the day of hCG administration was significantly lower in the antagonist group (0.9 IU/ml) compared to the long agonist group (1.4 IU/ml, p = 0.01). There was no difference in pregnancy rates among the groups: 27.2 % in the long agonist group, 37.5 % in the antagonist group and 26.6 % among the IVM patients.
Conclusions
High LH/FSH ratio had no adverse effect on pregnancy rates in all three treatment modes.
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
Aberrant expression and hormonal regulation of Galectin-3 in endometriosis women with infertility
Tuesday, June 14, 2016, 2:56
Abstract
Objective
To investigate the role and potential molecular mechanism of Galectin-3 (Gal-3) in the etiology of endometriosis-associated infertility.
Methods
We detected Gal-3 expression in eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis-associated infertility and healthy women without endometriosis or infertility. We then evaluated Gal-3 expression in endometrial glandular epithelial cells (EECs) and endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and investigated its response to hormone stimulation in EECs and ESCs from both groups of women.
Results
Results of real-time PCR and western blot analysis showed Gal-3 expression in both proliferative and secretory stages of the menstrual cycle decreased significantly in women with endometriosis-associated infertility compared to healthy women. The changes in expression of Gal-3 were more dramatic in EECs than ESCs. Moreover, estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) induced Gal-3 expression in EECs of healthy groups, and P4 was more significant than E2 and combined E2 and P4 (E2P4). However, in the endometriosis group, P4 failed to induce a similar increase in Gal-3 expression.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that aberrant expression of Gal-3 might contribute to infertility in patients with endometriosis due to progesterone resistance.
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
The association between lipid parameters and obesity in university students
Tuesday, June 14, 2016, 2:56
Abstract
Background
Abdominal obesity is associated with high plasma triglyceride and with low plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
Aim and methods
Objective of the study was to find an association between plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels and anthropometric parameters in abdominal obesity in Slovakian university students. Lipid profile and anthropometric parameters of obesity were studied in a sample of 419 probands, including 137 men and 282 women.
Results
Males had higher values of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) than females, but these differences were not significant. Females had significantly (P < 0.05) higher TC and HDL-C (P < 0.001) than males. In comparison, all anthropometric parameters in the males were significantly (P < 0.001) higher than in the females. A positive correlation between non-HDL-C, TG, VLDL-C and anthropometric parameters (BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR) was found at P < 0.001. LDL was positively correlated with BMI, WCF, WHtR and TC with BMI, WHtR at P < 0.001. We also observed a correlation between TC–WCF and LDL–WHR at P < 0.01. A negative correlation was found between HDL and all monitored anthropometric parameters atP < 0.001. On the other hand, no correlation between TC and WHR was detected.
Conclusion
This study shows an association between plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels and anthropometric parameters in abdominal obesity in young people, predominantly university students.
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
Role of corticosteroids in prostate cancer progression: implications for treatment strategy in metastatic castration-resistant patients
Tuesday, June 14, 2016, 2:56
Abstract
Corticosteroid agents (CA) are widely used in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) either as concomitant treatment with active agents such as docetaxel, cabazitaxel and abiraterone or in a palliative setting, predominantly due to their anti-inflammatory activity. However, the chronic use of CA has numerous side effects, especially in case of steroid-induced adrenal insufficiency. Furthermore, the latest clinical and preclinical data demonstrate that CA themselves are likely to promote tumour progression in certain populations of patients with mCRPC. Therefore, the role of CA in advanced disease should be carefully weighed for each patient and their withdrawal should be considered in some patients. This is necessary, especially in clinical trials that need good performance status patients to evaluate the activity and the safety of emerging drugs in mCRPC that do not require the concurrent use of CA. In oncology, there is no consensus on an algorithm of gradual steroid tapering and frequently the approach to this procedure is empirical. An algorithm is presented in this article based on clinical observations. Prospective studies are necessary to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the above-proposed algorithm in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
Italian association of clinical endocrinologists (AME) position statement: drug therapy of osteoporosis
Tuesday, June 14, 2016, 2:56
Abstract
Treatment of osteoporosis is aimed to prevent fragility fractures and to stabilize or increase bone mineral density. Several drugs with different efficacy and safety profiles are available. The long-term therapeutic strategy should be planned, and the initial treatment should be selected according to the individual site-specific fracture risk and the need to give the maximal protection when the fracture risk is highest (i.e. in the late life). The present consensus focused on the strategies for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis taking into consideration all the drugs available for this purpose. A short revision of the literature about treatment of secondary osteoporosis due both to androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer and to aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer was also performed. Also premenopausal females and males with osteoporosis are frequently seen in endocrine settings. Finally particular attention was paid to the tailoring of treatment as well as to its duration.
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
A possible connection between tumor necrosis factor alpha and adropin levels in polycystic ovary syndrome
Tuesday, June 14, 2016, 2:56
Abstract
Context
Adropin is a peptide hormone implicated in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic and reproductive disease associated with insulin resistance. It has been demonstrated that various inflammatory markers increased in PCOS including TNF-α. TNF-α regulates the secretion of certain peptides which play a crucial role in glucose and lipid homeostasis. There is also some evidence of a link between TNF-α and adropin.
Objective
To ascertain whether there is an association between circulating adropin levels and TNF-α in PCOS.
Patients and design
152 women with PCOS and 152 age- and body mass index-matched controls without PCOS were recruited for this cross-sectional study.
Main outcome measures
Adropin and TNF-α levels were measured using ELISA.
Results
Adropin levels were lower in the PCOS group compared with the control group (7.43 ± 0.79 vs. 9.42 ± 0.76 ng/ml, P < 0.001), whereas TNF-α levels were higher (49.93 ± 3.39 vs. 35.83 ± 2.47 pg/ml, P < 0.001). A strongly negative correlation was found between circulating adropin levels and TNF-α levels in women with PCOS (r = −0.407, P < 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that decreased adropin levels were significantly associated with high odds of having PCOS, although, after adjustment for TNF-α, this link vanished. Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis showed that HOMA-IR and TFN-α independently predicted adropin levels.
Conclusions
Serum adropin levels are significantly decreased in PCOS and are inversely associated with TNF-α. Further dissection of the nature of this association can open new therapeutic options for metabolic diseases.
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
Head-to-head comparison between flash and continuous glucose monitoring systems in outpatients with type 1 diabetes
Friday, June 10, 2016, 22:52
Abstract
Purpose
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is being increasingly used in clinical practice. The flash glucose monitoring (FGM) and CGM are different systems of interstitial glucose recording. We aimed to determine the agreement between the factory-calibrated FGM FreeStyle Libre (FSL) and the gold-standard CGM Dexcom G4 Platinum (DG4P).
Methods
We analyzed data from n = 8 outpatients with type 1 diabetes, who wore the FSL and DG4P for up to 14 days during their habitual life. We aligned FSL and DG4P recordings to obtain paired glucose measures. We calculated correlation coefficients, mean absolute relative difference (MARD), percentages in Clarke error grid areas, time spent in hyperglycaemia, target glycaemia, or hypoglycaemia, as well as glucose variability with both sensors. Comparison with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) was also performed.
Results
Patients varied in terms of age, diabetes duration, and HbA1c (from 5.9 to 9.6 %). In the pooled analysis of 10,020 paired values, there was a good correlation between FSL and DG4P (r 2 = 0.76; MARD = 18.1 ± 14.8 %) with wide variability among patients. The MARD was significantly higher during days 11–14 than in days 1–10, and during hypoglycaemia (19 %), than in normoglycaemia (16 %) or hyperglycaemia (13 %). Average glucose profiles and MARD versus SMBG were similar between the two sensors. Time spent in normo-, hyper-, or hypoglycaemia, and indexes of glucose variability was similarly estimated by the two sensors.
Conclusions
In outpatients with type 1 diabetes, we found good agreement between the FSL and DG4P. No significant difference was detected in the estimation of clinical diagnostic parameters.
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
Gender identity, gender assignment and reassignment in individuals with disorders of sex development: a major of dilemma
Friday, June 10, 2016, 18:52
Abstract
Introduction
Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) are a wide range of congenital conditions characterized by an incongruence of components involved in sexual differentiation, including gender psychosexual development. The management of such disorders is complex, and one of the most crucial decision is represented by gender assignment. In fact, the primary goal in DSD is to have a gender assignment consistent with the underlying gender identity in order to prevent the distress related to a forthcoming Gender Dysphoria. Historically, gender assignment was based essentially on surgical outcomes, assuming the neutrality of gender identity at birth. This policy has been challenged in the past decade refocusing on the importance of prenatal and postnatal hormonal and genetic influences on psychosexual development.
Aims
(1) to update the main psychological and medical issues that surround DSD, in particular regarding gender identity and gender assignment; (2) to report specific clinical recommendations according to the different diagnosis.
Methods
A systematic search of published evidence was performed using Medline (from 1972 to March 2016). Review of the relevant literature and recommendations was based on authors' expertise.
Results
A review of gender identity and assignment in DSD is provided as well as clinical recommendations for the management of individuals with DSD.
Conclusions
Given the complexity of this management, DSD individuals and their families need to be supported by a specialized multidisciplinary team, which has been universally recognized as the best practice for intersexual conditions. In case of juvenile GD in DSD, the prescription of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues, following the World Professional Association for Transgender Health and the Endocrine Society guidelines, should be considered. It should always be taken into account that every DSD person is unique and has to be treated with individualized care. In this perspective, international registries are crucial to improve the understanding of these challenging conditions and clinical practice, in providing a better prediction of gender identity.
Tags: Endocrinology
International journal of basic and clinical endocrinology
Adrenal and thyroid metachronous metastases from renal cell carcinoma
Friday, June 10, 2016, 7:12
Tags: Endocrinology
International journal of basic and clinical endocrinology
GALNT2 mRNA levels are associated with serum triglycerides in humans
Friday, June 10, 2016, 7:12
Tags: Endocrinology
International journal of basic and clinical endocrinology
Serum thyrotropin level of 30 μIU/mL is inadequate for preablative thyroglobulin to serve as a prognostic marker for differentiated thyroid cancer
Friday, June 10, 2016, 7:12
Abstract
Purpose
Preablative-stimulated thyroglobulin (ps-Tg) has manifested its potential for predicting prognosis in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), but its level can be affected by thyrotropin (TSH). The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of ps-Tg in predicting individual response after radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, and further explore the appropriate TSH level for ps-Tg to serve as a prognostic marker in DTC without initial distant metastasis (DM).
Methods
A total of 208 consecutive non-DM DTC patients with serial ps-Tg, TSH, and anti-Tg antibody (TgAb) measured simultaneously were enrolled. The initial and last measurements of ps-Tg were marked as Tg1 and Tg2, respectively, with a median interval of 8 days, so does TSH. Clinical response was retrospectively evaluated as excellent, indeterminate, biochemical incomplete, or structural incomplete response (ER, IDR, BIR, or SIR) after a mean follow-up of 21.5 months. Tg1 and Tg2 were tested and compared for their performances in predicting ER and incomplete response (IR, including BIR and SIR) by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The 416 ps-Tg levels (Tg1 and Tg2) were then categorized by their corresponding TSH grouping of 30−<60 (n = 100), 60−<90 (n = 131), 90−<120 (n = 99), and ≥120 μIU/mL (n = 86), and the predictive performances were further compared among TSH groups.
Results
Tg2, with a higher corresponding TSH level than Tg1 (median: 104.763 vs. 65.046 μIU/mL), presented higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) in predicting both ER and IR (ER: 0.889 vs. 0.836, P = 0.003; IR: 0.925 vs. 0.869, P = 0.046). The performances of ps-Tg in predicting ER and IR were both improved significantly as TSH rose from 30−<60 to 60−<90 μIU/mL, with an increase in AUC from 0.810 to 0.888 in predicting ER (P = 0.006) and from 0811 to 0.937 in predicting IR (P = 0.014), respectively. However, this kind of benefit was not further enlarged as TSH rose from 60−<90 to 90−<120 μIU/mL (both P > 0.05).
Conclusion
In comparison with the TSH context of 30 μIU/mL, a higher preablative TSH level of 60−<90 μIU/mL might be more appropriate for ps-Tg to serve as a prognostic marker for DTC.
Tags: Endocrinology
International journal of basic and clinical endocrinology
Non-functioning pituitary adenomas: growth and aggressiveness
Friday, June 10, 2016, 7:12
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are common, comprising approximately one third of all intracranial tumors. Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are the most common PAs. Although usually benign, the NFPAs represent therapeutic challenges because of their location close to the optic chiasm and nerves, and the proximity to the pituitary gland. The therapeutic alternatives are surgery and radiation. To date there is no effective medical treatment. NFPAs are classified according to different modalities, but there are no reliable marker of aggressiveness to guide the clinician in monitoring the patient. More information on growth patterns with constituent biological markers are needed to tailor the care of this patient group. Studies characterizing the membrane receptors of NFPAs have shown promising results, which may give rise to the development of medical treatment.
Tags: Endocrinology
International journal of basic and clinical endocrinology
Twenty years of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: is reclassification worthwhile and feasible?
Friday, June 10, 2016, 7:12
Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare neoplasms with heterogeneous clinical behavior and potential long-term survival. In 2006/2007, the European Neuroendocrine Tumors Society introduced an important parameter, grade (based on mitoses and Ki-67 proliferation rate), which became part of the latest 2010-WHO classification. Since this is an important tool in the choice of therapeutic algorithm of patients with NETs, our aim was to audit whether retrospective reclassification is possible and feasible and correlate pathological findings with survival. From the histopathology archive, 338 GEP-NETs (1994–2014) were identified, of which 250 were diagnosed pre-2010 and 80 of these have needed, up till now, classification (morphology and grade—mitotic count/Ki-67). Morphology was well differentiated (WD) in 74 cases while only 6 cases were poorly differentiated (PD). Grade was reclassified: G1—45 cases (56 %); G2—28 cases (35 %); G3—7 cases (9 %). Overall survival (OS) in WD NETs was strikingly better compared to PD neoplasms. Differences in OS between grade were statistically significant (p < 0.0001) and, in particular, grade identified a subgroup of patients with WD lesions but with less favorable clinical behavior (OS at 5 years: G1—89 %; G2—48 %; G3—0 %; G1 vs G2 p = 0.03). Feasibility analysis quantified time for reclassification to be between 45 and 64 min/case. Our series confirms the importance of grade in prognostic stratification and underlines that reclassification is feasible, and may prove worthwhile in patient management, especially in view of the potential long survival of patients with NETs and risk of use of inappropriate therapies.
Tags: Endocrinology
International journal of basic and clinical endocrinology
Erratum to: The treatment with pasireotide in Cushing's disease: effects of long–term treatment on tumor mass in the experience of a single center
Friday, June 10, 2016, 7:12
Tags: Endocrinology
International journal of basic and clinical endocrinology
Association between insulin resistance and impairment of FGF21 signal transduction in skeletal muscles
Friday, June 10, 2016, 7:12
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, was identified as a potent metabolic regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. We investigated whether the levels and signalings of FGF21 changed in the skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), human skeletal muscle myotubes (HSMMs) under insulin-resistant conditions, and mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). A percutaneous biopsy sample of the vastus lateralis muscle of T2DM patients, IGT subjects, and participants with normal glucose tolerance was obtained and the levels and signalings of FGF21 were assessed. We determined whether the expression and signalings of FGF21 in HSMMs altered according to palmitate concentrations and exposure time. Also, we confirmed whether changes of FGF21 signal transduction resulted in the alteration of FGF21 functions. DIO mice were treated intravenously with recombinant FGF21, and the levels and signalings of FGF21 were assessed in their soleus muscles. We checked whether or not FGF21 played a role in the gene transcription related to lipid oxidation. Levels of FGF21 increased, whereas levels of phosphorylated FGF receptor (p-FGFR), phosphorylated FGFR substrates 2α (p-FRS2α), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-ERK) decreased in the skeletal muscle of both T2DM patients and IGT subjects. In vitro, palmitate increased the levels of FGF21 and significantly reduced the levels of β-klotho, p-FGFR, p-FRS2α, and p-ERK1/2 in HSMMs exposed to palmitate. Palmitate also decreased glucose uptake and glycogen contents of FGF21. Consistently, the levels of FGF21 were significantly higher and the levels of β-klotho and p-FGFR were lower in the DIO mice than in normal lean mice. The levels of FGF21 increased but its signal transduction and actions were impaired in skeletal muscles of T2DM patients, IGT subjects, in insulin-resistant HSMMs, and DIO mice.
Tags: Endocrinology
International journal of basic and clinical endocrinology
Free vitamin D does not vary through the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle
Friday, June 10, 2016, 7:12
Abstract
The importance of vitamin D (25OHD) in general health and reproductive success has been a focus in the setting of the 25OHD deficiency epidemic. However, there are challenges to understanding 25OHD's effects. The free and bioavailable levels are affected by 25OHD binding protein (DBP) and it is not known how estradiol fluctuations during the menstrual cycle affect these binding parameters. This may impact the most appropriate time to measure 25OHD when determining deficiency. This study characterizes 25OHD throughout the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Patients undergoing natural cycle IVF were included. Serum was drawn throughout the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle; 25OHD, DBP, albumin, and estrogen levels were determined for each time point allowing for mathematical calculation of free and bioavailable 25OHD. Early, mid, and late follicular phases were designated by estrogen tertiles among patients. Mean Levels of 25OHD (total, free, bioavailable) and DBP for each tertile were compared with Kruskil–Wallis test for non-parametric groups. Linear regression with GEE was employed due to repeated measures within participants. A total of 33 patients were included with 202 total serum measurements. There was no difference in mean levels of 25OHD (p = 0.77), free 25OHD (p = 0.91), and bioavailable 25OHD (p = 0.76) when measured throughout the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Vitamin D metabolism does not fluctuate as estradiol changes in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. This data indicates that assessment of 25OHD, in particular when assessed for associations with reproductive outcomes, can be measured reliably at any point during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.
Tags: Endocrinology
International journal of basic and clinical endocrinology
Effect of pasireotide on glucose- and growth hormone-related biomarkers in patients with inadequately controlled acromegaly
Friday, June 10, 2016, 7:12
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to gain more insight into the mechanism of action of pasireotide in patients who completed the PAOLA study. PAOLA was a 24-week, Phase III, randomized, three-arm study of pasireotide LAR 40 and 60 mg versus octreotide LAR 30 mg or lanreotide Autogel 120 mg in patients with inadequately controlled acromegaly. The current work was a planned exploratory objective of the PAOLA study that evaluated changes in levels of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in each treatment arm. Responders to pasireotide LAR (mean GH levels <2.5 μg/L and normal IGF-1 levels at 24 weeks) had lower GH and IGF-1 levels at baseline (GH 5.1 ng/mL, IGF-1 519 ng/mL) than non-responders (GH 7.9 ng/mL, IGF-1 672 ng/mL). Frequency of hyperglycaemia after pasireotide treatment was similar in responders and non-responders and depended more on the baseline FPG level. 47 % of all patients treated with pasireotide LAR (40 or 60 mg) did not receive antidiabetic medication at any time during this study. This is the first study to evaluate the treatment effect of pasireotide on key hormonal and glycaemic biomarkers and to identify potential predictors of pasireotide-associated hyperglycaemia. Pre-treatment glucose status may be predictive of the development of pasireotide-associated hyperglycaemia. A large subset of patients with acromegaly does not experience major disturbances in glucose homeostasis while receiving pasireotide LAR.
Tags: Endocrinology
International journal of basic and clinical endocrinology
An oral high dose of cholecalciferol restores vitamin D status in deficient postmenopausal HIV-1-infected women independently of protease inhibitors therapy: a pilot study
Friday, June 10, 2016, 7:12
Abstract
The best repletion and maintenance dosing regimens with cholecalciferol in vitamin D-deficient HIV-1 patients remain unknown. Protease inhibitors (PIs) have been shown to inhibit vitamin D 1α- and 25α-hydroxylation in hepatocyte and monocyte cultures. We therefore evaluated the effect of a single high dose of cholecalciferol in vitamin D-deficient HIV-1 postmenopausal women undergoing treatment with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (cART), with and without PIs. Forty HIV-1 postmenopausal women treated with cART, with hypovitaminosis D (<20 ng/ml), were enrolled. We measured serum changes of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum calcium, and urinary calcium excretion following a loading dose of 600,000 IU of cholecalciferol after 3, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. Patients were divided into two groups, whether or not they were taking PI. A significant increase in mean 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D levels at day 3 and throughout the entire observation period was found in both groups (p < 0.001). PTH levels concomitantly decreased in both groups (p < 0.001). Mean albumin-adjusted serum calcium increases with respect to baseline were significant only at day 3 and day 30 for both groups (p < 0.01). Considering remaining parameters, there were no significant differences between the groups at any time, by two-way RM ANOVA. An oral dose of 600,000 IU of cholecalciferol in HIV-1 postmenopausal women rapidly increases 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D levels reducing PTH levels, regardless of the presence of PIs in the cART scheme.
Tags: Endocrinology
International journal of basic and clinical endocrinology
Undercarboxylated osteocalcin is associated with insulin resistance, but not adiponectin, during pregnancy
Friday, June 10, 2016, 7:12
Abstract
In mice, undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) improves beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity through adiponectin. In humans, levels of total osteocalcin (OC) and ucOC were negatively correlated with insulin resistance (IR) indices in patients with type 2 diabetes. Whether ucOC plays a role in glucose homeostasis and whether its effect is mediated through adiponectin during pregnancy is unclear. Serum levels of total OC, ucOC, and adiponectin were measured in 130 pregnant women with varying degrees of IR [gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), n = 74 and non-GDM, n = 56]. In all participants, total OC and ucOC levels were positively correlated with HOMA-IR and HOMA-%B, and negatively correlated with QUICKI. In contrast, adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with HOMA-IR and positively correlated with QUICKI (P < 0.01, both). However, neither total OC nor ucOC was associated with adiponectin. Although none of these markers could help distinguish women with and without GDM, total OC and ucOC levels were significantly higher in non-GDM women who had 1 abnormal OGTT value than those who had all normal OGTT values. Total OC and ucOC levels were significantly correlated with insulin secretion and IR indices, but not adiponectin levels, in pregnant women. Changes in OC might be a sensitive response to increased IR during pregnancy, which was not mediated through adiponectin.
Tags: Endocrinology
International journal of basic and clinical endocrinology
Dynamic risk stratification for medullary thyroid cancer according to the response to initial therapy
Friday, June 10, 2016, 7:12
Abstract
Detecting persistent/recurrent disease of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is important. The tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system is useful for predicting disease-specific mortality, but is a static system and does not include postoperative serum calcitonin levels. We have focused on the clinical usefulness of dynamic risk stratification (DRS) using the best response to the initial therapy in MTC patients. A total of 120 MTC patients were classified into three DRS groups based on their responses to initial therapy. Clinical outcomes were assessed according to TNM staging and DRS. In the DRS, 70, 23 and 7 % of the MTC patients were classified into excellent, biochemical incomplete, or structural incomplete response groups, respectively. On TNM staging, 37, 16, 13 and 35 % of patients were stages I–IV, respectively. There were significant differences in survivals according to TNM staging (p = 0.03) and DRS (p = 0.005). During the median follow-up of 6.2 years, 75 patients (63 %) demonstrated no evidence of disease (NED). About 60 and 17 % of patients in stages III and IV were NED, respectively. DRS predicted NED better than TNM staging according to the proportion of variance explained (PVE) (49.1 vs. 28.7 %, respectively). At the final follow-up, 88, 4 and 0 % of patients in excellent, biochemical incomplete, and structural incomplete response groups attained NED, respectively. DRS based on the best response to the initial therapy can provide useful prognostic information in addition to initial TNM staging for predicting of mortality, as well as the likelihood of NED in MTC patients.
Tags: Endocrinology
International journal of basic and clinical endocrinology
Structured nursing educational programs improve quality of life outcomes in patients with Cushing's syndrome
Friday, June 10, 2016, 7:12
Tags: Endocrinology
International journal of basic and clinical endocrinology
Alleviation of high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis and glucose intolerance by a novel GLP-1 fusion protein in ApoE −/− mice
Friday, June 10, 2016, 7:12
Abstract
We have previously constructed an engineered anti-diabetic fusion protein using glucagon-like peptide-1 and the globular domain of adiponectin. Herein, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of this fusion protein (GAD) on high-fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE−/−mice. The lipid-lowering effect of GAD was determined in C57BL/6 mice using a lipid tolerance test. The effects of GAD on HFD-induced glucose intolerance, atherosclerosis, and hepatic steatosis were evaluated in HFD-fed ApoE−/− mice using glucose tolerance test, histological examinations and real-time quantitative PCR. The anti-inflammation activity of GAD was assessed in vitro on macrophages. GAD improved lipid metabolism in C57BL/6 mice. GAD treatment alleviated glucose intolerance, reduced blood lipid level, and attenuated atherosclerotic lesion in HFD-fed ApoE−/− mice, which was associated with a repressed macrophage infiltration in the vessel wall. GAD treatment also blocked hepatic macrophage infiltration and prevented hepatic inflammation. GAD suppressed lipopolysaccharide-triggered inflammation responses on macrophages, which can be abolished by H89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A. These findings demonstrate that GAD is able to generate a variety of metabolic benefits in HFD-fed ApoE−/− mice and indicate that this engineered fusion protein is a promising lead structure for anti-atherosclerosis drug discovery.
Tags: Endocrinology
International journal of basic and clinical endocrinology
Diagnosis of turner syndrome in two mothers following their daughters' diagnosis
Friday, June 10, 2016, 7:12
Tags: Endocrinology
International journal of basic and clinical endocrinology
Sexual function and depressive symptoms in young women with elevated macroprolactin content: a pilot study
Friday, June 10, 2016, 7:12
Abstract
Elevated prolactin levels seem to be associated with impaired sexuality. The clinical significance of macroprolactinemia, associated with the predominance of high molecular mass circulating forms of prolactin, is still poorly understood. This study was aimed at investigating sexual function in young women with macroprolactinemia. The study enrolled 14 young women with macroprolactinemia, 14 with increased monomeric prolactin levels, as well as 14 age- and weight-matched healthy women. All patients completed a questionnaire evaluating female sexual function (Female Sexual Function Index—FSFI), as well as a questionnaire assessing the presence and severity of depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition—BDI-II). Apart from total prolactin levels and macroprolactin content, circulating levels of thyrotropin, total testosterone, and 17-β estradiol were also measured. Patients with elevated monomeric prolactin levels had a lower total FSFI score, as well as lower scores for all domains: sexual desire, sexual arousal, lubrication, orgasm, sexual satisfaction, and dyspareunia. These scores correlated with total and monomeric prolactin levels. In turn, women with macroprolactinemia were characterized by a lower score for sexual desire, and only this score correlated with total prolactin levels and macroprolactin content. The total score in the BDI-II questionnaire was higher in patients with hyper- and macroprolactinemia than in the control subjects. Contrary to multidimensional impairment of sexual function in women with elevated monomeric prolactin, macroprolactinemia only seems to disturb sexual desire.
Tags: Endocrinology
International journal of basic and clinical endocrinology
Glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms modulate cardiometabolic risk factors in patients in long-term remission of Cushing's syndrome
Friday, June 10, 2016, 7:12
Abstract
Context
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) polymorphisms modulate glucocorticoid (GC) sensitivity and are associated with altered metabolic profiles.
Objective
To evaluate the presence of GR polymorphisms (BclI (rs41423247), N363S (rs56149945), ER22/23EK (rs6189/rs6190), and 9β (rs6198) and investigate their associations with metabolic alterations in patients in long-term remission of Cushing's syndrome (CS).
Design and setting
Cross-sectional case–control study.
Patients and methods
Sixty patients in long-term remission of CS were genotyped. Associations between GR polymorphisms and multiple vascular, body composition and metabolic parameters were investigated.
Main outcome measures
Allelic frequencies of the polymorphisms and their associations with several cardiometabolic risk factors.
Results
This study shows that carriers of the 9β polymorphism have a higher systolic blood pressure and lower resistin levels. The GC sensitizing BclI polymorphism is associated with an adverse cardiometabolic risk factor profile: higher fat percentages of extremities and legs, higher serum leptin and E-selectin levels, and higher intima media thickness in carriers versus non-carriers.
Conclusions
The 9β and BclI polymorphisms of the GR adversely affect the cardiometabolic profile in patients who are in remission after the treatment of CS. This suggests that genetically altered GC sensitivity modulates the long-term adverse cardiometabolic effects resulting from (endogenous) hypercortisolism.
Tags: Endocrinology
International journal of basic and clinical endocrinology
Long-term effects of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy on hematopoiesis in a large cohort of children with GH deficiency
Friday, June 10, 2016, 7:12
Abstract
The aim of our prospective case-control study was to evaluate long-term effects of GH replacement therapy on erythrocytes parameters, leukocytes, and platelets numbers in a large cohort of children with isolated GH deficiency (GHD). Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, red cell distribution width, number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and platelets, ferritin, and C-reactive protein were evaluated in 85 children with isolated GHD (10.20 ± 3.50 years) before and annually during the first 5 years of GH replacement therapy and in 85 healthy children age and sex comparable to patients during 5 years of follow-up. Compared with controls, GHD children at study entry showed lower Hb (−1.18 ± 0.87 vs. −0.40 ± 0.90 SDS, p < 0.0001), red cells number (−0.24 ± 0.81 vs. 0.25 ± 1.14 SDS, p < 0.0001), and Hct (−1.18 ± 0.86 vs. −0.68 ± 0.99 SDS, p < 0.0001). Twelve GHD patients (14 %) showed a normocytic anemia. GH therapy was associated with a significant increase in Hb, Hct, and red cells number which became all comparable to controls within the first 2 years of treatment. Moreover, hemoglobin levels normalized in all anemic GHD patients after 5 years of therapy. No difference between patients and controls was found in leukocytes and platelets numbers neither at baseline nor during the study. GHD in childhood is associated with an impairment of erythropoiesis which causes a normocytic anemia in a considerable percentage of patients. GH replacement therapy exerts a beneficial effect leading to a significant increase of erythrocytes parameters and recovery from anemia. Neither GHD nor GH replacement treatment exerts effects on leukocytes or platelets numbers.
Tags: Endocrinology
International journal of basic and clinical endocrinology
Bone resorption following weight loss surgery is associated with treatment procedure and changes in secreted Wnt antagonists
Friday, June 10, 2016, 7:12
Abstract
To assess if altered bone turnover following bariatric surgery is related to metabolic consequences of the surgical procedure or weight loss. We evaluated serum markers reflecting bone turnover and metabolic pathways at baseline and after 1-year in a controlled non-randomized clinical trial comparing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (n = 74) with lifestyle intervention (n = 63) on obesity-related comorbidities. The decrease in body mass index (BMI) was larger in the surgery (−14.0 kg/m2) compared to lifestyle (−3.7 kg/m2). Markedly increased bone turnover was observed following surgery compared to lifestyle intervention and was correlated with change in BMI. Stepwise multivariable regression analysis revealed that group (β = 0.31, p < 0.01), and changes in BMI (β = −0.28, p < 0.01), dickkopf-1 (β = 0.20, p < 0.001) and sclerostin (β = 0.11,p < 0.05) were predictors of change in the bone resorption marker N-terminal telopeptide. Our data support that mechanisms related to the procedure itself and changes in secreted Wnt antagonists may contribute to increased bone turnover following bariatric surgery.
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
The "Lost Caravaggio": a probable case of goiter in seventeenth-century Italy
Thursday, June 09, 2016, 6:37
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
Saint Wilgefortis: sudden hirsutism to prevent an unwanted marriage
Thursday, June 09, 2016, 6:37
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Evaluation of left and right ventricular functions using conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Thursday, June 09, 2016, 0:22
Authors: Caglar Acar, Onur / Epcacan, Serdar / Uner, Abdurrahman / Ece, Ibrahim / Dogan, Murat
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Zoledronate for Osteogenesis imperfecta: evaluation of safety profile in children
Thursday, June 09, 2016, 0:22
Authors: Kumar, Chanchal / Panigrahi, Inusha / Somasekhara Aradhya, Abhishek / Meena, Babu Lal / Khandelwal, Niranjan
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Elevated serum adiponectin is related to elevated serum ferritin and interleukin-6 in β-thalassaemia major children
Thursday, June 09, 2016, 0:22
Authors: El-Rasheidy, Farida H. / Essa, Enas S. / Mahmoud, Asmaa A.S. / Nada, Abd El-wahab A.A.
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Central precocious puberty in a boy with 22q13 deletion syndrome and NOTCH-1 gene duplication
Thursday, June 09, 2016, 0:22
Authors: Giannakopoulos, Aris / Fryssira, Helen / Tzetis, Maria / Xaidara, Athina / Kanaka-Gantenbein, Christina
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Prevalence of psychosocial morbidity in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a survey from Northern India
Thursday, June 09, 2016, 0:22
Authors: Agrawal, Jyoti / Kumar, Rakesh / Malhi, Prahbhjot / Dayal, Devi
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Idiopathic postprandial hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia
Thursday, June 09, 2016, 0:22
Authors: Güemes, Maria / Melikyan, Maria / Senniappan, Senthil / Hussain, Khalid
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
A fatal outcome of complicated severe diabetic ketoacidosis in a 11-year-old girl
Thursday, June 09, 2016, 0:22
Authors: Severinski, Srećko / Butorac Ahel, Ivona / Ovuka, Aleksandar / Verbić, Arijan
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Unusual phenotype of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) with a novel mutation of the CYP21A2 gene
Thursday, June 09, 2016, 0:22
Authors: Raisingani, Manish / Contreras, Maria F. / Prasad, Kris / Pappas, John G. / Kluge, Michelle L. / Shah, Bina / David, Raphael
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
A novel splice site mutation in the GNPTAB gene in an Iranian patient with mucolipidosis II α/β
Thursday, June 09, 2016, 0:22
Authors: Hashemi-Gorji, Feyzollah / Ghafouri-Fard, Soudeh / Salehpour, Shadab / Yassaee, Vahid Reza / Miryounesi, Mohammad
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Parent observed neuro-behavioral and pro-social improvements with oxytocin following surgical resection of craniopharyngioma
Thursday, June 09, 2016, 0:22
Authors: Cook, Naomi / Miller, Jennifer / Hart, John
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Generic and disease-specific quality of life in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: comparison to age-matched healthy peers
Thursday, June 09, 2016, 0:22
Authors: Lukács, Andrea / Sasvári, Péter / Török, András / Barkai, László
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
17-Hydroxyprogesterone responses to human chorionic gonadotropin are not associated with serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels among adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome
Thursday, June 09, 2016, 0:22
Authors: Hou, Jingwen / Cook-Andersen, Heidi / Su, H. Irene / Shayya, Rana / Maas, Kevin H. / Burt-Solorzano, Christine M. / Kumar, Ajay / Chang, R. Jeffrey
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
High prevalence of DUOX2 mutations in Japanese patients with permanent congenital hypothyroidism or transient hypothyroidism
Thursday, June 09, 2016, 0:22
Authors: Matsuo, Kumihiro / Tanahashi, Yusuke / Mukai, Tokuo / Suzuki, Shigeru / Tajima, Toshihiro / Azuma, Hiroshi / Fujieda, Kenji
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Interpretation of thyroid glands in a group of healthy children: real-time ultrasonography elastography study
Thursday, June 09, 2016, 0:22
Authors: Yurttutan, Nursel / Gungor, Gulay / Bilal, Nagihan / Kizildag, Betul / Baykara, Murat / Sarica, Mehmet Akif
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Association between physical activity and bone in children with Prader-Willi syndrome
Thursday, June 09, 2016, 0:22
Authors: Duran, Andrea T. / Wilson, Kathleen S. / Castner, Diobel M. / Tucker, Jared M. / Rubin, Daniela A.
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism.
Ghrelin, insulin-like growth factor I and adipocytokines concentrations in born small for gestational age prepubertal children after the catch-up growth
Wednesday, June 08, 2016, 2:56
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
Issue: Ahead of print
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism.
GCK mutations in Chinese MODY2 patients: a family pedigree report and review of Chinese literature
Wednesday, June 08, 2016, 2:56
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
Issue: Ahead of print
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism.
Cystinosis in Eastern Turkey
Wednesday, June 08, 2016, 2:56
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
Issue: Ahead of print
Tags: Endocrinology
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism.
CNDP1 genotype and renal survival in pediatric nephropathies
Wednesday, June 08, 2016, 2:56
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
Issue: Ahead of print
Tags: Endocrinology
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