Objective We conducted a multi‐site, randomized, double‐blinded controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of a digital health intervention targeting the intrinsic regulation of goal‐directed alertness in patients with chronic hemispatial neglect. Methods Forty‐nine participants with hemispatial neglect that demonstrated significant spatially biased attention following acquired brain injury were randomly assigned to the experimental attention remediation treatment or active control group....
Sun Aug 02, 2020 17:13
This commentary provides perspective on the report by Burg et al. that corticospinal motor neurons provoke corticofugal spread of motor neuron degeneration in ALS. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Sun Aug 02, 2020 16:53
Anti‐IgLON5 disease is a neurological disorder characterized by autoantibodies against IgLON5 and pathological evidence of neuronal‐specific tau accumulation. Here we report that patients' IgLON5 IgG, but not other cell‐surface antibodies, disrupt the cytoskeletal organization in cultured rat hippocampal neurons resulting in dystrophic neurites and axonal swelling. Adsorption of IgLON5 IgG with HEK293 cells expressing IgLON5 abrogated the indicated cytoskeletal changes. These findings along an increase...
Sun Aug 02, 2020 16:33
Publication date: Available online 2 August 2020Source: Clinical Neurology and NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): James E. Eaton, Travis J Hassell
Mon Aug 03, 2020 14:46
Publication date: Available online 2 August 2020Source: Clinical Neurology and NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): E. Gaudray, C.N’ Guyen, E. Martin, A. Lyochon, A. Dagain, J. Bordes, P.Y. Cordier, G. Lacroix
Mon Aug 03, 2020 14:46
Cri du chat syndrome (CDCS) is a rare genetic disease that is caused by a deletion in the short arm of chromosome 5 (5p) and has a variable clinical spectrum. To our knowledge, no study in the literature has ever applied 18F-FDG PET/CT to investigate alterations in brain glucose metabolism in these subjects. The aims of this study were to detect differences in brain 18F-FDG metabolism in CDCS patients with different clinical presentations and identify possible brain metabolic phenotypes of this syndrome....
Mon Aug 03, 2020 16:00
Our purpose was to investigate differences between PET/MRI and PET/CT in lesion detection and classification in oncologic whole-body examinations and to investigate radiation exposure differences between the 2 modalities. Methods: In this observational single-center study, 1,003 oncologic examinations (918 patients; mean age, 57.8 ± 14.4 y) were included. Patients underwent PET/CT and subsequent PET/MRI (149.8 ± 49.7 min after tracer administration). Examinations were reviewed by radiologists and...
Mon Aug 03, 2020 16:00
Management of Patients with Renal Failure Undergoing Dialysis During 131I Therapy for Thyroid Cancer
Radioactive iodine (131I) therapy may be used to treat thyroid cancer in end-stage renal disease patients who undergo hemodialysis. Because iodine uses predominantly renal clearance, treatment management in hemodialysis patients may be problematic, and no formal recommendations on hemodialysis currently exist. This work details our experience with treating thyroid cancer with iodine in chronic renal failure patients who require hemodialysis and details the dosimetry results obtained during treatment...
Mon Aug 03, 2020 16:00
Gone are the days when medical imaging was used primarily to visualize anatomic structures. The emergence of molecular imaging (MI), championed by radiolabeled 18F-FDG PET, has expanded the information content derived from imaging to include pathophysiologic and molecular processes. Cancer imaging, in particular, has leveraged advances in MI agents and technology to improve the accuracy of tumor detection, interrogate tumor heterogeneity, monitor treatment response, focus surgical resection, and...
Mon Aug 03, 2020 16:00
The PET radiotracer 68Ga-PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen)-HBED-CC (N,N'-bis [2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl]ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid) shows potential as an imaging biomarker for recurrent and metastatic prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the repeatability of 68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC in a test–retest trial in subjects with metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. Methods: Subjects with metastatic prostate cancer underwent 2 PET/CT scans with 68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC within...
Mon Aug 03, 2020 16:00
What You See Is Not What You Get: On the Accuracy of Voxel-Based Dosimetry in Molecular Radiotherapy
Improvements in quantitative SPECT/CT have aroused growing interest in voxel-based dosimetry for radionuclide therapies, because it promises visualization of absorbed doses at a voxel level. In this work, SPECT/CT-based voxel-level dosimetry of a 3-dimensional (3D) printed 2-compartment kidney phantom was performed, and the resulting absorbed dose distributions were examined. Additionally, the potential of the PETPVC partial-volume correction tool was investigated. Methods: Both kidney compartments...
Mon Aug 03, 2020 16:00
This prospective study evaluated the imaging performance of a novel pretargeting immunologic PET (immuno-PET) method in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–negative, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)–positive metastatic breast cancer, compared with CT, bone MRI, and 18F-FDG PET. Methods: Twenty-three patients underwent whole-body immuno-PET after injection of 150 MBq of 68Ga-IMP288, a histamine-succinyl-glycine peptide given after initial targeting of a trivalent anti-CEA,...
Mon Aug 03, 2020 16:00
Neuroinflammation is a key pathologic hallmark of numerous neurologic diseases, however, its exact role in vivo is yet to be fully understood. PET imaging enables investigation, quantification, and tracking of different neuroinflammation biomarkers in living subjects longitudinally. One such biomarker that has been imaged extensively using PET is translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO). Although imaging TSPO has yielded valuable clinical data linking neuroinflammation to various neurodegenerative diseases,...
Mon Aug 03, 2020 16:00
The presence of metastasis in local lymph nodes (LNs) is a key factor influencing choice of therapy and prognosis in cervical and endometrial cancers; therefore, the exploration of sentinel LNs (SLNs) is highly important. Currently, however, SLN mapping requires LN biopsy for pathologic evaluation, since there are no clinical imaging approaches that can identify tumor-positive LNs in early stages. Staging lymphadenectomy poses risks, such as leg lymphedema or lymphocyst formation. Furthermore, in...
Mon Aug 03, 2020 16:00
Immune checkpoint blockade represents a promising approach in oncology, showing antitumor activities in various cancers. However, although being generally far better tolerated than classic cytotoxic chemotherapy, this treatment, too, may be accompanied by considerable side effects and not all patients benefit equally. Therefore, careful patient selection and monitoring of the treatment response is mandatory. At present, checkpoint-specific molecular imaging is being increasingly investigated as a...
Mon Aug 03, 2020 16:00
The impact of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT on management of prostate cancer (PCa) patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) is well established. However, whether and how PSMA PET/CT affects the management of patients undergoing scans for other clinical indications remains unknown. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT on initial and subsequent management decisions in a cohort of PCa patients referred for various indications (i.e., a basket...
Mon Aug 03, 2020 16:00
Targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) has become an attractive goal for diagnostic imaging and therapy because they can constitute as much as 90% of a tumor mass. The serine protease fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is overexpressed selectively in CAFs, drawing interest in FAP as a stromal target. The quinoline-based FAP inhibitor (FAPI) PET tracer 68Ga-FAPI-04 has been previously shown to yield high tumor-to-background ratios (TBRs) in patients with various cancers. Recent developments...
Mon Aug 03, 2020 16:00
There is a clinically unmet need for effective treatments for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), as it remains the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Herein, we demonstrate a promising strategy using a tumor-targeting alkylphosphocholine (NM600) for targeted radionuclide therapy of TNBC. Methods: NM600 was radiolabeled with 86Y for PET imaging and 177Lu for targeted radionuclide therapy. 86Y-NM600 PET imaging was performed on female BALB/C mice bearing syngeneic 4T07 (nonmetastatic) and...
Mon Aug 03, 2020 16:00
The effects of tobacco smoking on the immune system of the brain are not well elucidated. Although nicotine is immunosuppressive, other constituents in tobacco smoke have inflammatory effects. PET imaging of the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) provides a biomarker for microglia, the primary immunocompetent cells of the brain. This work compared brain TSPO levels in 20 tobacco smokers (abstinent for at least 2 h) and 20 nonsmokers using a fully quantitative modeling approach for the first time,...
Mon Aug 03, 2020 16:00
[S-methyl-11C](±)-7-methoxy-3-(4-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)butyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[d]azepin-1-ol (11C-NR2B-SMe) and its enantiomers were synthesized as candidates for imaging the NR2B subunit within the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor with PET. Methods: Brains were scanned with PET for 90 min after intravenous injection of one of the candidate radioligands into rats. To detect any NR2B-specific binding of radioligand in brain, various preblocking or displacing agents were evaluated for their...
Mon Aug 03, 2020 16:00
Publication date: Available online 2 August 2020Source: Journal of Neuroscience MethodsAuthor(s): Johannes Heinzel, Gregor Längle, Viola Oberhauser, Thomas Hausner, Jonas Kolbenschlag, Cosima Prahm, Johannes Grillari, David Hercher
Mon Aug 03, 2020 18:10
Publication date: Available online 2 August 2020Source: Journal of Neuroscience MethodsAuthor(s): Laure Lacan, Yasmine Hamoud, Sylvie Nguyen, Julien De Jonckheere, Laurent Storme, Véronique Houfflin-Debarge, Stéphane Auvin, Dyuti Sharma, Charles Garabedian, Louise Ghesquière
Mon Aug 03, 2020 18:10
Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 37, Issue 15, Page 1729-1739, August 1, 2020.
Mon Jul 06, 2020 10:00
Abstract We present an 8-month old male status post simple tethered cord release with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
Mon Aug 03, 2020 03:00
Abstract Purpose Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in posterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO), including posterior cerebral artery (PCA), has not been validated since all five major MT trials excluded such patients. To evaluate the feasibility and preliminary safety and efficacy of MT in isolated PCA occlusion stroke patients with new-generation MT devices. Methods...
Mon Aug 03, 2020 03:00
Publication date: October 2020Source: World Neurosurgery, Volume 142Author(s): Naohisa Miyakoshi, Michio Hongo, Yuji Kasukawa, Yoshinori Ishikawa, Daisuke Kudo, Yoichi Shimada
Mon Aug 03, 2020 19:16
Publication date: October 2020Source: World Neurosurgery, Volume 142Author(s): Rajeev Sharma, Swati Mahajan, Deepak Gupta
Mon Aug 03, 2020 19:16
Publication date: October 2020Source: World Neurosurgery, Volume 142Author(s): Joseph A. Adedigba, Adetunji A. Oremakinde, Brendan Huang, Christopher M. Maulucci, Adefolahan O. Malomo, Temitayo M. Shokunbi, Augustine A. Adeolu
Mon Aug 03, 2020 19:16
Publication date: October 2020Source: World Neurosurgery, Volume 142Author(s): Michael J. Yang, Tara Jayde Nail, Jesse Winer
Mon Aug 03, 2020 19:16
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