Current and emerging pharmacotherapy for pediatric allergic rhinitis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2020 Aug 18;:1-7 Authors: Tomazic PV, Lang-Loidolt D Abstract INTRODUCTION: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem in adults as well as the younger population, continuously increasing and posing a significant problem for patients, health care systems and economies. For the younger population, some aspects differ from treatment of...
Wed Aug 19, 2020 13:07
Related Articles Selective stimulation of human intrinsic laryngeal muscles: Analysis in a mathematical three-dimensional space. Laryngoscope. 2020 04;130(4):967-973 Authors: Broniatowski M, Grundfest-Broniatowski S, Schiefer M, Ludlow DH, Broniatowski DA, Tucker HM Abstract OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Standard stimulating methods using square waves do not appropriately restore physiological control of individual intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILMs)....
Wed Aug 19, 2020 13:07
Related Articles Imaging findings in pediatric single-sided deafness and asymmetric hearing loss. Laryngoscope. 2020 04;130(4):1007-1010 Authors: Lipschitz N, Kohlberg GD, Scott M, Greinwald JH Abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine the imaging findings on computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pediatric single-sided deafness (SSD) and asymmetric hearing loss (ASH). METHODS: The medical records of 189 pediatric patients...
Wed Aug 19, 2020 13:07
StatPearls Book. 2020 01 Authors: Abstract Oral hemangiomas (OHs) are benign tumors that develop due to endothelial cell proliferation and occur in and around the oral cavity. While 60 to 70 percent of hemangiomas occur in the head and neck region, OHs are relatively rare and most frequently involve the lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, and palate. OHs have also been noted in the mandible and maxilla (central hemangiomas) and within the masseter and other muscles...
Wed Aug 19, 2020 13:07
StatPearls Book. 2020 01 Authors: Abstract The buccal nerve is the only sensory branch of the anterior mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. It innervates the major part of the buccal mucosa, the inferior buccal gingiva in the molar area, and the skin above the anterior part of the buccinator muscle. The buccal nerve divides into superficial and deep branches. The superficial branches end in the skin of the cheek, and the deep branches have their distribution...
Wed Aug 19, 2020 13:07
StatPearls Book. 2020 01 Authors: Abstract The thyroid gland is a major endocrine organ that produces triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), and calcitonin. These hormones are essential for bodily function and metabolism. This endocrine gland has a highly vascular blood supply due to its physiologic significance. The superior thyroid artery (STA) arising from the external carotid artery (ECA), and the inferior thyroid artery (ITA) branching from...
Wed Aug 19, 2020 13:07
StatPearls Book. 2020 01 Authors: Abstract The gingiva, also known as the gums, is the pink-colored keratinized mucosa that surrounds and protects the teeth. It is perfused by multiple small arteries that originate from branches coming off of the carotid artery. It receives innervation by nerves derived from the mandibular and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The gingiva is part of the periodontium, which includes the investing and supporting...
Wed Aug 19, 2020 13:07
StatPearls Book. 2020 01 Authors: Abstract Cardiac rhabdomyoma is a rare and benign mesenchymal tumor of striated muscle origin. It most commonly involves the head and neck.[1] It classifies under cardiac and extracardiac types. Extracardiac further classifies into adult, fetal, and germ cell tumors. Cardiac rhabdomyoma (CR) is the most common pediatric heart tumor, mostly occurring before the age of 1 year. Anatomically, they are considered as hamartomas....
Wed Aug 19, 2020 13:07
StatPearls Book. 2020 01 Authors: Abstract Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rapidly growing benign tumor that arises from the neural crest. It typically occurs in infants in the head and neck region. It was described for the first time in 1918 by Krompecher, and since the origin was unknown, it was described as congenital melanocarcinoma. Until 1966, this tumor was characterized by variable names (e.g., retinal anlage tumor, pigmented...
Wed Aug 19, 2020 13:07
StatPearls Book. 2020 01 Authors: Abstract A dermoid cyst is a benign cutaneous developmental anomaly that arises from the entrapment of ectodermal elements along the lines of embryonic closure.[1][2] These benign tumors are lined by stratified squamous epithelium with mature skin appendages found on their wall and their lumens filled with keratin and hair.[3] Dermoid cysts are considered to be congenital, but not all of them are diagnosed at birth.[3][4][5]...
Wed Aug 19, 2020 13:07
StatPearls Book. 2020 01 Authors: Abstract The prevertebral muscles of the head and neck include the rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, longus capitis, and longus colli muscles. The prevertebral muscles are located posterior to the prevertebral fascia, the posterior border of the retropharyngeal space, and anterior to the cervical vertebral column.[1] The prevertebral muscles constitute a part of the prevertebral or deep layer of the deep...
Wed Aug 19, 2020 13:07
StatPearls Book. 2020 01 Authors: Abstract The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic duct in the body,[1] with a typical length of 45 cm and a diameter of 2 to 5 mm. It drains lymph from the whole body except the right hemithorax, the right side of the head and neck, and the right upper limb. Chylothorax is the term used for thoracic duct leak and collection into the pleural space. The thoracic duct typically starts at the second lumbar vertebra at the cisterna...
Wed Aug 19, 2020 13:07
StatPearls Book. 2020 01 Authors: Abstract The cerebral venous system is a network most commonly described as two essential systems working in conjunction with one another: the superficial system and the deep system. The superficial cerebral system, which is typically more relevant in clinical scenarios, is made up of the sagittal sinuses and cortical veins, which drains the superficial surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres. The deep cerebral system is comprised...
Wed Aug 19, 2020 13:07
StatPearls Book. 2020 01 Authors: Abstract Glomus jugulare is a rare, slow-growing neuroendocrine paraganglioma of the head and neck that arises within the jugular foramen and is localized to the jugular fossa in the temporal bone of the skull base.[1][2] Paragangliomas are benign and originate from neural crest derivatives, known as the paraganglia. Paragangliomas are also known as chemodectomas, and their estimated incidence has been reported up to 1 to...
Wed Aug 19, 2020 13:07
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