Artificial collagen-filament scaffold promotes axon regeneration and long tract reconstruction in a rat model of spinal cord transection

Abstract

Traumatically injured spinal cord (SC) displays structural damage that includes discontinuity of long tracts and cavitations. Axonal regrowth beyond the lesion is necessary to achieve functional recovery following SC injury. We report here the development of an artificial collagen-filament (CF) scaffold to replace the SC in 8-week-old female Fisher rats. Axonal sprouting and regrowth was very rapid following grafting of the CF. One week after implantation, the scaffold was filled with cells of host origin and with regenerated axons. Histological examination of SC adjacent to the scaffold showed little cavity formation or fibrous scarring. Eight weeks after implantation, myelinated nerve fibers were found in the scaffold and 10–25 % of rubrospinal tracts were repaired. Four to six weeks after transplantation, motor evoked potentials were recorded in CF-grafted rats but were not detectable in non-grafted rats. Electrophysiological and histological examinations revealed the grafted CF was likely to function as a nerve tract. In addition, these results suggest that collagen fibers may provide a permissive microenvironment for the elongation of SC axons and to support the process of spinal cord regeneration.

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ATP-association to intrabacterial nanotransportation system in Vibrio cholerae

Abstract

Vibrio cholerae colonizes the lumen of the proximal small intestine, which has an alkaline environment, and secretes cholera toxin (CT) through a type II secretion machinery. V. cholerae possesses the intrabacterial nanotransportation system (ibNoTS) for transporting CT from the inner portion toward the peripheral portion of the cytoplasm, and this system is controlled by extrabacterial pH. Association of ATP with ibNoTS has not yet been examined in detail. In this study, we demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy that ibNoTS of V. cholerae under the extrabacterial alkaline condition was inhibited by ATP inhibitors, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), a protonophore, or 8-amino-adenosine which produces inactive form of ATP. The inhibition of CT transport can be reversed by neutralization of DNP. Those inhibitions were associated with decrease of CT secretion by which ibNoTS followed. We propose that ATP closely associates with V. cholerae ibNoTS for transporting CT.

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A Comparative Study of Trigger Point Therapy with Local Anaesthetic (0.5 % Bupivacaine) Versus Combined Trigger Point Injection Therapy and Levosulpiride in the Management of Myofascial Pain Syndrome in the Orofacial Region

Abstract

Aim

To compare the efficacy of combined local anesthetic injection with 0.5 % bupivacaine and levosulpiride versus local anesthetic injection alone on outcome measures including levels of pain intensity and depression in the management of myofascial pain syndrome in orofacial region.

Patients and Methods

This was a prospective, randomized, controlled and open-label comparative clinical study. Seventy-four patients diagnosed to have myofascial pain syndrome and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. Patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups. Group A received local anesthetic injection (0.5 % bupivacaine) on trigger points and Group B received combined trigger point injection therapy and 50 mg of tablet Levosulpiride orally B.I.D. They were assessed for pain intensity and depression at baseline and at follow-up of 1, 4, 6 and 12 week intervals.

Results

The mean age of patients was 44.54 + 15.977 years in group A and 39.97 + 14.107 years in group B (P value = 0.2). Group A comprised of 25 females (67.567 %) and 12 males (32.432 %) while group B had 27 females (75 %) and 9 males (25 %). 70.27 % were diagnosed with moderate depression in group A and 75 % in group B. 18.91 % in group A and 19.44 % in group B were diagnosed with severe depression. When the VAS score and BDI score was compared at the follow-up intervals with the baseline scores in both treatment groups, the mean difference was highly significant at all the follow-up intervals. However when the relative efficacies of two interventions were compared between the two groups, improvement in pain was significant at all the follow-up intervals except the 1st week follow-up whereas the improvement in depression was non-significant at 1st and 4th week interval while it was highly significant at 6th and 12th week intervals.

Conclusion

The combined therapy with trigger point injection and levosulpiride as antidepressant significantly reduces pain and depression in the study subjects suffering from chronic myofascial pain with moderate to severe depression in the orofacial region.

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Submental-Cervical Angle: Perceived Attractiveness and Threshold Values of Desire for Surgery

Abstract

Aim

The submental-cervical angle may alter as a result of mandibular orthognathic surgery and/or the ageing process and is therefore an important facial aesthetic parameter for comparative diagnosis and treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to undertake a quantitative evaluation of the influence of the submental-cervical angle on perceived attractiveness and threshold values of desire for surgery.

Study Design

The submental-cervical angle of an idealized profile silhouette image was altered incrementally between 90° and 130°. The images were rated on a seven-point Likert scale by pre-treatment orthognathic patients (n = 75), laypeople (n = 75), and clinicians (n = 35).

Results

A submental-cervical angle of 90°–105° was deemed acceptable. Angles up to 120° were deemed slightly unattractive by the lay and clinician groups, but very unattractive by the patient group. By 125°–130° all groups perceived the angle as very unattractive. The threshold value of desire for surgery was 110° for patients, 115° for lay people and 125° for clinicians. Patients appear to be more critical than lay and clinician groups.

Conclusions

These ranges of normal variability of the submental-cervical angle and threshold values of desire for surgery, in terms of observer acceptance, should be considered by clinicians in planning mandibular orthognathic surgery and aesthetic surgical procedures of the submental-cervical region.

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Intraoperative Computed Tomography in Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy

Abstract

Objectives

The objective of the study was to show the importance of intraoperative computed tomography as an aid for ensuring inferior alveolar nerve safety during bilateral sagittal split osteotomy.

Materials and Methods

This study included ten patients who underwent bilateral sagittal split osteotomy procedure. All patients were treated for orthognathic reasons. The unerupted lower third molars, if present, were removed at least 6 months prior to Sagittal Split Osteotomy. The Sagittal Split Osteotomy surgical technique was previously described in detail. Each patient underwent computed tomography with an Artis Zeego multi-axis system (Siemens AG, Healthcare Sector, Henkestrasse 127 D-91052 Erlangen, Germany) at the beginning of the operation and immediately after placement of the osteosynthesis plates and screws. The neurosensory tests consisted of a light touch test using the 5.07/10-g Semmes Weinstein monofilament (Stoelting Co, Wood Dale, IL), and patient self-reporting.

Results

Eight (80 %) patients presented with hypoesthesia of lower lip at 6 weeks follow up. At 6 month follow up only two patients (20 %) presented with diminished sensation in the lower lip. Labial sensibility was normal in all patients at the last follow-up visit.

Conclusion

Intraoperative computed tomography enables immediate assessment of treatment and the option to modify the treatment if necessary. Our results indicate that intra-operative computed tomography would be a helpful procedure during orthognathic surgery to improve the postoperative health of the inferior alveolar nerve.

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Pituitary Adenoma Leads to Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma in the Oral Cavity: An Intriguing Case

Abstract

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a tumor of the exocrine glands originating primarily from the minor salivary glands. Though rare but there has been incidences of its spread into intracranial sites via different routes. We report of an intriguing case of remote metastasis of intracranial tumor in the pituitary diagnosed as pituitary adenoma which spread to the oral cavity as adenoid cystic carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of seeding of cells from intra cranial pituitary adenoma to intra-oral site manifesting as adenoid cystic carcinoma.

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Editorial board

Publication date: December 2015
Source:Revue de Stomatologie, de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et de Chirurgie Orale, Volume 116, Issue 6





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Des départements d’odontologie hospitalo-universitaires hors des facultés d’odontologie : une utopie ?

Publication date: December 2015
Source:Revue de Stomatologie, de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et de Chirurgie Orale, Volume 116, Issue 6
Author(s): C. Meyer




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Calendrier des manifestations

Publication date: December 2015
Source:Revue de Stomatologie, de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et de Chirurgie Orale, Volume 116, Issue 6





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Results of a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Visomitin Eye Drops in Patients with Dry Eye Syndrome

Abstract

Introduction

This article presents the results of an international, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical study of Visomitin (Mitotech LLC, Moscow, Russian Federation) eye drops in patients with dry eye syndrome (DES). Visomitin is the first registered (in Russia) drug with a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (SkQ1) as the active ingredient.

Methods

In this multicenter (10 sites) study of 240 subjects with DES, study drug (Visomitin or placebo) was self-administered three times daily (TID) for 6 weeks, followed by a 6-week follow-up period. Seven in-office study visits occurred every 2 weeks during both the treatment and follow-up periods. Efficacy measures included Schirmer's test, tear break-up time, fluorescein staining, meniscus height, and visual acuity. Safety measures included adverse events, slit lamp biomicroscopy, tonometry, blood pressure, and heart rate. Tolerability was also evaluated.

Results

This clinical study showed the effectiveness of Visomitin eye drops in the treatment of signs and symptoms of DES compared with placebo. The study showed that a 6-week course of TID topical instillation of Visomitin significantly improved the functional state of the cornea; Visomitin increased tear film stability and reduced corneal damage. Significant reduction of dry eye symptoms (such as dryness, burning, grittiness, and blurred vision) was also observed.

Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, Visomitin is effective and safe for use in eye patients with DES for protection from corneal damage.

Funding

Mitotech LLC.

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Update on Cysticercosis Epileptogenesis: the Role of the Hippocampus

Abstract

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common helminthic infection of the nervous system and a frequent cause of reactive seizures and epilepsy worldwide. In many cases, multiple episodes of focal seizures related to an identifiable parenchymal brain cyst (and likely attributable to local damage) continue for years after the cyst resolves. However, cases where seizure semiology, interictal EEG abnormalities, and parasites location do not correlate raise concerns about the causal relationship between NCC and either reactive seizures or epilepsy, as well as the epileptogenic potential of parasites. Neurosurgical series of patients with intractable epilepsy and cross-sectional population-based studies have shown a robust association between NCC and hippocampal sclerosis (HS), which might contribute to the above-referred inconsistencies. Current information does not allow to define whether in patients with NCC, HS could result from recurrent seizure activity from a local or distant focus or from chronic recurrent inflammation. In either case, HS may become the pathological substrate of subsequent mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Longitudinal clinical- and population-based cohort studies are needed to evaluate the causal relationship between NCC and HS and to characterize this association with the occurrence of MTLE. If a cause-and-effect relationship between NCC and HS is demonstrated, NCC patients could be assessed to examine neuronal mechanisms of hippocampal epileptogenesis in comparison with animal models, to identify biomarkers of hippocampal epileptogenesis, and to develop novel interventions to prevent epilepsy in NCC and perhaps in other forms of acquired epilepsy.

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The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of posterior-only vertebral column resection (PVCR) for the treatment of angular and isolated congenital kyphosis

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of posterior-only vertebral column resection (PVCR) for the treatment of angular and isolated congenital kyphosis.

Methods

24 patients with isolated angular congenital kyphosis treated by PVCR in our hospital were retrospectively studied. The patients' radiographs and hospital records were reviewed. Deformity in sagittal planes and global sagittal alignment were analyzed for correction and maintenance of the correction in preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up radiographs. The complications and related risk factors were analyzed.

Results

The average age was 13.9 (4–40) years. Three of them were revision surgeries. Two patients have intraspinal anomalies. The mean follow-up is 56.9 (26–129) months. The mean operation time was 293.1 (170–480) min. The averaged blood loss was 993.8 (250–3000) ml. The segmental kyphosis was 87.3° before surgery, 17.6° post surgery and 20.4° at the latest the follow-up. And the sagittal vertical axis was improved from 43.1 mm to 9.2 mm. Mean total score of SRS-22 was 89.3. Complications occurred in 4 patients, including 1 screw pullout due to pseudarthrosis, 1 proximal junctional kyphosis, 1 incomplete spinal cord injury and 1 root injuries.

Conclusion

Posterior-only vertebral column resection is an ideal procedure for severe rigid congenital kyphosis. However, it is still a highly technical demanding procedure. Neurological compromises still remain the biggest challenges. Sufficient height of anterior reconstruction, avoidance sacrifice of bilateral roots in the same level in the thoracic spine, avoidance of the sagittal translation of the upper and lower vertebras, intra-operative neuromonitoring, and preoperative surgical release of diastematomyelia and tethered cord may help to improve the safety.

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Mesenchymal stem cell in vitro labeling by hybrid fluorescent magnetic polymeric particles for application in cell tracking

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cell that contains multi-differentiation and proliferative properties and that shows high treatment implications for many clinical problems. The outcome of stem cell transplantation is still limited due to many factors, especially their survival and their interaction with the microenvironment after transplantation. Molecular imaging is a challenging technique that has been used to overcome this limitation and is based on the concept of labeling cells with tractable, visible, and non-toxic materials to track the cells after transplantation. In this study, magnetic polymeric nanoparticles (MPNPs) were used to directly label Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs). After labeling, the growth rate and the viability of the MSCs as well as the time of exposure were determined. The 3D images of WJ-MSCs labeled with MPNPs for 24 h were created using confocal microscopy. The results showed that, after incubation with fluorescent MPNPs for over 8 h, the growth rate and cell viability of the WJ-MSCs was similar to those of the control. Three-dimensional imaging revealed that the fluorescent MPNPs could infiltrate into the cells and spread into the cytoplasm, which suggests that the synthesized fluorescent MPNPs could possibly label MSCs for cell tracking study and be further developed for in vivo applications.

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Route of intrabacterial nanotransportation system for CagA in Helicobacter pylori

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) possesses an intrabacterial nanotransportation system (ibNoTS) for transporting CagA and urease within the bacterial cytoplasm; this system is controlled by the extrabacterial environment. The transportation routes of the system have not yet been studied in detail. In this study, we demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy that CagA localizes closely with the MreB filament in the bacterium, and MreB polymerization inhibitor A22 obstructs ibNoTS for CagA. These findings indicate that the route of ibNoTS for CagA is closely associated with the MreB filament. Because these phenomena were not observed in ibNoTS for urease, the route of ibNoTS for CagA is different from that of ibNoTS for urease as previously suggested. We propose that the route of ibNoTS for CagA is associated with the MreB filament in H. pylori.

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Investigation of aluminum and iron deposition on metaplastic bones in three patients with diffuse pulmonary ossification

Abstract

Diffuse pulmonary ossification (DPO) is a rare pulmonary lesion. DPO is typically detected at autopsy rather than premortem. Recently, however, several cases were diagnosed antemortem using computed tomography, high-resolution computed tomography, or video-assisted thoracic surgery. In the present study, we evaluated DPO at autopsy from two patients with post-myocardial infarction (cases 1 and 3) and one patient with duodenal cancer (case 2). Multiple metaplastic bones (nodular in case 1 and 3 or dendriform in case 2) were detected in these three cases. In an attempt to detect aluminum and iron deposition in these metaplastic bones, histochemical investigations were performed. The two nodular types of one and three cases were positive for aluminum and iron, but the dendriform type of case 2 was positive only for aluminum. The depositions occurred in a linear pattern along the calcifying front. It is of great interest that these deposition patterns were similar to those of bones from three previously reported DPO cases and from the bones of hemodialysis patients. It is suggested that these abnormal metal depositions in the calcifying front might disturb the normal mineralization processes of the metaplastic bones, although no morphological abnormality was detected, except for dense black color of calcifying front lines. Further investigations are needed in more patients with DPO to obtain more information on this topic.

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Artificial collagen-filament scaffold promotes axon regeneration and long tract reconstruction in a rat model of spinal cord transection

Abstract

Traumatically injured spinal cord (SC) displays structural damage that includes discontinuity of long tracts and cavitations. Axonal regrowth beyond the lesion is necessary to achieve functional recovery following SC injury. We report here the development of an artificial collagen-filament (CF) scaffold to replace the SC in 8-week-old female Fisher rats. Axonal sprouting and regrowth was very rapid following grafting of the CF. One week after implantation, the scaffold was filled with cells of host origin and with regenerated axons. Histological examination of SC adjacent to the scaffold showed little cavity formation or fibrous scarring. Eight weeks after implantation, myelinated nerve fibers were found in the scaffold and 10–25 % of rubrospinal tracts were repaired. Four to six weeks after transplantation, motor evoked potentials were recorded in CF-grafted rats but were not detectable in non-grafted rats. Electrophysiological and histological examinations revealed the grafted CF was likely to function as a nerve tract. In addition, these results suggest that collagen fibers may provide a permissive microenvironment for the elongation of SC axons and to support the process of spinal cord regeneration.

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ATP-association to intrabacterial nanotransportation system in Vibrio cholerae

Abstract

Vibrio cholerae colonizes the lumen of the proximal small intestine, which has an alkaline environment, and secretes cholera toxin (CT) through a type II secretion machinery. V. cholerae possesses the intrabacterial nanotransportation system (ibNoTS) for transporting CT from the inner portion toward the peripheral portion of the cytoplasm, and this system is controlled by extrabacterial pH. Association of ATP with ibNoTS has not yet been examined in detail. In this study, we demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy that ibNoTS of V. cholerae under the extrabacterial alkaline condition was inhibited by ATP inhibitors, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), a protonophore, or 8-amino-adenosine which produces inactive form of ATP. The inhibition of CT transport can be reversed by neutralization of DNP. Those inhibitions were associated with decrease of CT secretion by which ibNoTS followed. We propose that ATP closely associates with V. cholerae ibNoTS for transporting CT.

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A Comparative Study of Trigger Point Therapy with Local Anaesthetic (0.5 % Bupivacaine) Versus Combined Trigger Point Injection Therapy and Levosulpiride in the Management of Myofascial Pain Syndrome in the Orofacial Region

Abstract

Aim

To compare the efficacy of combined local anesthetic injection with 0.5 % bupivacaine and levosulpiride versus local anesthetic injection alone on outcome measures including levels of pain intensity and depression in the management of myofascial pain syndrome in orofacial region.

Patients and Methods

This was a prospective, randomized, controlled and open-label comparative clinical study. Seventy-four patients diagnosed to have myofascial pain syndrome and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. Patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups. Group A received local anesthetic injection (0.5 % bupivacaine) on trigger points and Group B received combined trigger point injection therapy and 50 mg of tablet Levosulpiride orally B.I.D. They were assessed for pain intensity and depression at baseline and at follow-up of 1, 4, 6 and 12 week intervals.

Results

The mean age of patients was 44.54 + 15.977 years in group A and 39.97 + 14.107 years in group B (P value = 0.2). Group A comprised of 25 females (67.567 %) and 12 males (32.432 %) while group B had 27 females (75 %) and 9 males (25 %). 70.27 % were diagnosed with moderate depression in group A and 75 % in group B. 18.91 % in group A and 19.44 % in group B were diagnosed with severe depression. When the VAS score and BDI score was compared at the follow-up intervals with the baseline scores in both treatment groups, the mean difference was highly significant at all the follow-up intervals. However when the relative efficacies of two interventions were compared between the two groups, improvement in pain was significant at all the follow-up intervals except the 1st week follow-up whereas the improvement in depression was non-significant at 1st and 4th week interval while it was highly significant at 6th and 12th week intervals.

Conclusion

The combined therapy with trigger point injection and levosulpiride as antidepressant significantly reduces pain and depression in the study subjects suffering from chronic myofascial pain with moderate to severe depression in the orofacial region.

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Submental-Cervical Angle: Perceived Attractiveness and Threshold Values of Desire for Surgery

Abstract

Aim

The submental-cervical angle may alter as a result of mandibular orthognathic surgery and/or the ageing process and is therefore an important facial aesthetic parameter for comparative diagnosis and treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to undertake a quantitative evaluation of the influence of the submental-cervical angle on perceived attractiveness and threshold values of desire for surgery.

Study Design

The submental-cervical angle of an idealized profile silhouette image was altered incrementally between 90° and 130°. The images were rated on a seven-point Likert scale by pre-treatment orthognathic patients (n = 75), laypeople (n = 75), and clinicians (n = 35).

Results

A submental-cervical angle of 90°–105° was deemed acceptable. Angles up to 120° were deemed slightly unattractive by the lay and clinician groups, but very unattractive by the patient group. By 125°–130° all groups perceived the angle as very unattractive. The threshold value of desire for surgery was 110° for patients, 115° for lay people and 125° for clinicians. Patients appear to be more critical than lay and clinician groups.

Conclusions

These ranges of normal variability of the submental-cervical angle and threshold values of desire for surgery, in terms of observer acceptance, should be considered by clinicians in planning mandibular orthognathic surgery and aesthetic surgical procedures of the submental-cervical region.

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Intraoperative Computed Tomography in Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy

Abstract

Objectives

The objective of the study was to show the importance of intraoperative computed tomography as an aid for ensuring inferior alveolar nerve safety during bilateral sagittal split osteotomy.

Materials and Methods

This study included ten patients who underwent bilateral sagittal split osteotomy procedure. All patients were treated for orthognathic reasons. The unerupted lower third molars, if present, were removed at least 6 months prior to Sagittal Split Osteotomy. The Sagittal Split Osteotomy surgical technique was previously described in detail. Each patient underwent computed tomography with an Artis Zeego multi-axis system (Siemens AG, Healthcare Sector, Henkestrasse 127 D-91052 Erlangen, Germany) at the beginning of the operation and immediately after placement of the osteosynthesis plates and screws. The neurosensory tests consisted of a light touch test using the 5.07/10-g Semmes Weinstein monofilament (Stoelting Co, Wood Dale, IL), and patient self-reporting.

Results

Eight (80 %) patients presented with hypoesthesia of lower lip at 6 weeks follow up. At 6 month follow up only two patients (20 %) presented with diminished sensation in the lower lip. Labial sensibility was normal in all patients at the last follow-up visit.

Conclusion

Intraoperative computed tomography enables immediate assessment of treatment and the option to modify the treatment if necessary. Our results indicate that intra-operative computed tomography would be a helpful procedure during orthognathic surgery to improve the postoperative health of the inferior alveolar nerve.

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Pituitary Adenoma Leads to Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma in the Oral Cavity: An Intriguing Case

Abstract

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a tumor of the exocrine glands originating primarily from the minor salivary glands. Though rare but there has been incidences of its spread into intracranial sites via different routes. We report of an intriguing case of remote metastasis of intracranial tumor in the pituitary diagnosed as pituitary adenoma which spread to the oral cavity as adenoid cystic carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of seeding of cells from intra cranial pituitary adenoma to intra-oral site manifesting as adenoid cystic carcinoma.

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Editorial board

Publication date: December 2015
Source:Revue de Stomatologie, de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et de Chirurgie Orale, Volume 116, Issue 6





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Des départements d’odontologie hospitalo-universitaires hors des facultés d’odontologie : une utopie ?

Publication date: December 2015
Source:Revue de Stomatologie, de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et de Chirurgie Orale, Volume 116, Issue 6
Author(s): C. Meyer




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Calendrier des manifestations

Publication date: December 2015
Source:Revue de Stomatologie, de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et de Chirurgie Orale, Volume 116, Issue 6





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Results of a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Visomitin Eye Drops in Patients with Dry Eye Syndrome

Abstract

Introduction

This article presents the results of an international, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical study of Visomitin (Mitotech LLC, Moscow, Russian Federation) eye drops in patients with dry eye syndrome (DES). Visomitin is the first registered (in Russia) drug with a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (SkQ1) as the active ingredient.

Methods

In this multicenter (10 sites) study of 240 subjects with DES, study drug (Visomitin or placebo) was self-administered three times daily (TID) for 6 weeks, followed by a 6-week follow-up period. Seven in-office study visits occurred every 2 weeks during both the treatment and follow-up periods. Efficacy measures included Schirmer's test, tear break-up time, fluorescein staining, meniscus height, and visual acuity. Safety measures included adverse events, slit lamp biomicroscopy, tonometry, blood pressure, and heart rate. Tolerability was also evaluated.

Results

This clinical study showed the effectiveness of Visomitin eye drops in the treatment of signs and symptoms of DES compared with placebo. The study showed that a 6-week course of TID topical instillation of Visomitin significantly improved the functional state of the cornea; Visomitin increased tear film stability and reduced corneal damage. Significant reduction of dry eye symptoms (such as dryness, burning, grittiness, and blurred vision) was also observed.

Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, Visomitin is effective and safe for use in eye patients with DES for protection from corneal damage.

Funding

Mitotech LLC.

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Mesenchymal stem cell in vitro labeling by hybrid fluorescent magnetic polymeric particles for application in cell tracking

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cell that contains multi-differentiation and proliferative properties and that shows high treatment implications for many clinical problems. The outcome of stem cell transplantation is still limited due to many factors, especially their survival and their interaction with the microenvironment after transplantation. Molecular imaging is a challenging technique that has been used to overcome this limitation and is based on the concept of labeling cells with tractable, visible, and non-toxic materials to track the cells after transplantation. In this study, magnetic polymeric nanoparticles (MPNPs) were used to directly label Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs). After labeling, the growth rate and the viability of the MSCs as well as the time of exposure were determined. The 3D images of WJ-MSCs labeled with MPNPs for 24 h were created using confocal microscopy. The results showed that, after incubation with fluorescent MPNPs for over 8 h, the growth rate and cell viability of the WJ-MSCs was similar to those of the control. Three-dimensional imaging revealed that the fluorescent MPNPs could infiltrate into the cells and spread into the cytoplasm, which suggests that the synthesized fluorescent MPNPs could possibly label MSCs for cell tracking study and be further developed for in vivo applications.

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Route of intrabacterial nanotransportation system for CagA in Helicobacter pylori

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) possesses an intrabacterial nanotransportation system (ibNoTS) for transporting CagA and urease within the bacterial cytoplasm; this system is controlled by the extrabacterial environment. The transportation routes of the system have not yet been studied in detail. In this study, we demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy that CagA localizes closely with the MreB filament in the bacterium, and MreB polymerization inhibitor A22 obstructs ibNoTS for CagA. These findings indicate that the route of ibNoTS for CagA is closely associated with the MreB filament. Because these phenomena were not observed in ibNoTS for urease, the route of ibNoTS for CagA is different from that of ibNoTS for urease as previously suggested. We propose that the route of ibNoTS for CagA is associated with the MreB filament in H. pylori.

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Investigation of aluminum and iron deposition on metaplastic bones in three patients with diffuse pulmonary ossification

Abstract

Diffuse pulmonary ossification (DPO) is a rare pulmonary lesion. DPO is typically detected at autopsy rather than premortem. Recently, however, several cases were diagnosed antemortem using computed tomography, high-resolution computed tomography, or video-assisted thoracic surgery. In the present study, we evaluated DPO at autopsy from two patients with post-myocardial infarction (cases 1 and 3) and one patient with duodenal cancer (case 2). Multiple metaplastic bones (nodular in case 1 and 3 or dendriform in case 2) were detected in these three cases. In an attempt to detect aluminum and iron deposition in these metaplastic bones, histochemical investigations were performed. The two nodular types of one and three cases were positive for aluminum and iron, but the dendriform type of case 2 was positive only for aluminum. The depositions occurred in a linear pattern along the calcifying front. It is of great interest that these deposition patterns were similar to those of bones from three previously reported DPO cases and from the bones of hemodialysis patients. It is suggested that these abnormal metal depositions in the calcifying front might disturb the normal mineralization processes of the metaplastic bones, although no morphological abnormality was detected, except for dense black color of calcifying front lines. Further investigations are needed in more patients with DPO to obtain more information on this topic.

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Artificial collagen-filament scaffold promotes axon regeneration and long tract reconstruction in a rat model of spinal cord transection

Abstract

Traumatically injured spinal cord (SC) displays structural damage that includes discontinuity of long tracts and cavitations. Axonal regrowth beyond the lesion is necessary to achieve functional recovery following SC injury. We report here the development of an artificial collagen-filament (CF) scaffold to replace the SC in 8-week-old female Fisher rats. Axonal sprouting and regrowth was very rapid following grafting of the CF. One week after implantation, the scaffold was filled with cells of host origin and with regenerated axons. Histological examination of SC adjacent to the scaffold showed little cavity formation or fibrous scarring. Eight weeks after implantation, myelinated nerve fibers were found in the scaffold and 10–25 % of rubrospinal tracts were repaired. Four to six weeks after transplantation, motor evoked potentials were recorded in CF-grafted rats but were not detectable in non-grafted rats. Electrophysiological and histological examinations revealed the grafted CF was likely to function as a nerve tract. In addition, these results suggest that collagen fibers may provide a permissive microenvironment for the elongation of SC axons and to support the process of spinal cord regeneration.

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ATP-association to intrabacterial nanotransportation system in Vibrio cholerae

Abstract

Vibrio cholerae colonizes the lumen of the proximal small intestine, which has an alkaline environment, and secretes cholera toxin (CT) through a type II secretion machinery. V. cholerae possesses the intrabacterial nanotransportation system (ibNoTS) for transporting CT from the inner portion toward the peripheral portion of the cytoplasm, and this system is controlled by extrabacterial pH. Association of ATP with ibNoTS has not yet been examined in detail. In this study, we demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy that ibNoTS of V. cholerae under the extrabacterial alkaline condition was inhibited by ATP inhibitors, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), a protonophore, or 8-amino-adenosine which produces inactive form of ATP. The inhibition of CT transport can be reversed by neutralization of DNP. Those inhibitions were associated with decrease of CT secretion by which ibNoTS followed. We propose that ATP closely associates with V. cholerae ibNoTS for transporting CT.

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A Comparative Study of Trigger Point Therapy with Local Anaesthetic (0.5 % Bupivacaine) Versus Combined Trigger Point Injection Therapy and Levosulpiride in the Management of Myofascial Pain Syndrome in the Orofacial Region

Abstract

Aim

To compare the efficacy of combined local anesthetic injection with 0.5 % bupivacaine and levosulpiride versus local anesthetic injection alone on outcome measures including levels of pain intensity and depression in the management of myofascial pain syndrome in orofacial region.

Patients and Methods

This was a prospective, randomized, controlled and open-label comparative clinical study. Seventy-four patients diagnosed to have myofascial pain syndrome and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. Patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups. Group A received local anesthetic injection (0.5 % bupivacaine) on trigger points and Group B received combined trigger point injection therapy and 50 mg of tablet Levosulpiride orally B.I.D. They were assessed for pain intensity and depression at baseline and at follow-up of 1, 4, 6 and 12 week intervals.

Results

The mean age of patients was 44.54 + 15.977 years in group A and 39.97 + 14.107 years in group B (P value = 0.2). Group A comprised of 25 females (67.567 %) and 12 males (32.432 %) while group B had 27 females (75 %) and 9 males (25 %). 70.27 % were diagnosed with moderate depression in group A and 75 % in group B. 18.91 % in group A and 19.44 % in group B were diagnosed with severe depression. When the VAS score and BDI score was compared at the follow-up intervals with the baseline scores in both treatment groups, the mean difference was highly significant at all the follow-up intervals. However when the relative efficacies of two interventions were compared between the two groups, improvement in pain was significant at all the follow-up intervals except the 1st week follow-up whereas the improvement in depression was non-significant at 1st and 4th week interval while it was highly significant at 6th and 12th week intervals.

Conclusion

The combined therapy with trigger point injection and levosulpiride as antidepressant significantly reduces pain and depression in the study subjects suffering from chronic myofascial pain with moderate to severe depression in the orofacial region.

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Submental-Cervical Angle: Perceived Attractiveness and Threshold Values of Desire for Surgery

Abstract

Aim

The submental-cervical angle may alter as a result of mandibular orthognathic surgery and/or the ageing process and is therefore an important facial aesthetic parameter for comparative diagnosis and treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to undertake a quantitative evaluation of the influence of the submental-cervical angle on perceived attractiveness and threshold values of desire for surgery.

Study Design

The submental-cervical angle of an idealized profile silhouette image was altered incrementally between 90° and 130°. The images were rated on a seven-point Likert scale by pre-treatment orthognathic patients (n = 75), laypeople (n = 75), and clinicians (n = 35).

Results

A submental-cervical angle of 90°–105° was deemed acceptable. Angles up to 120° were deemed slightly unattractive by the lay and clinician groups, but very unattractive by the patient group. By 125°–130° all groups perceived the angle as very unattractive. The threshold value of desire for surgery was 110° for patients, 115° for lay people and 125° for clinicians. Patients appear to be more critical than lay and clinician groups.

Conclusions

These ranges of normal variability of the submental-cervical angle and threshold values of desire for surgery, in terms of observer acceptance, should be considered by clinicians in planning mandibular orthognathic surgery and aesthetic surgical procedures of the submental-cervical region.

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Intraoperative Computed Tomography in Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy

Abstract

Objectives

The objective of the study was to show the importance of intraoperative computed tomography as an aid for ensuring inferior alveolar nerve safety during bilateral sagittal split osteotomy.

Materials and Methods

This study included ten patients who underwent bilateral sagittal split osteotomy procedure. All patients were treated for orthognathic reasons. The unerupted lower third molars, if present, were removed at least 6 months prior to Sagittal Split Osteotomy. The Sagittal Split Osteotomy surgical technique was previously described in detail. Each patient underwent computed tomography with an Artis Zeego multi-axis system (Siemens AG, Healthcare Sector, Henkestrasse 127 D-91052 Erlangen, Germany) at the beginning of the operation and immediately after placement of the osteosynthesis plates and screws. The neurosensory tests consisted of a light touch test using the 5.07/10-g Semmes Weinstein monofilament (Stoelting Co, Wood Dale, IL), and patient self-reporting.

Results

Eight (80 %) patients presented with hypoesthesia of lower lip at 6 weeks follow up. At 6 month follow up only two patients (20 %) presented with diminished sensation in the lower lip. Labial sensibility was normal in all patients at the last follow-up visit.

Conclusion

Intraoperative computed tomography enables immediate assessment of treatment and the option to modify the treatment if necessary. Our results indicate that intra-operative computed tomography would be a helpful procedure during orthognathic surgery to improve the postoperative health of the inferior alveolar nerve.

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Pituitary Adenoma Leads to Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma in the Oral Cavity: An Intriguing Case

Abstract

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a tumor of the exocrine glands originating primarily from the minor salivary glands. Though rare but there has been incidences of its spread into intracranial sites via different routes. We report of an intriguing case of remote metastasis of intracranial tumor in the pituitary diagnosed as pituitary adenoma which spread to the oral cavity as adenoid cystic carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of seeding of cells from intra cranial pituitary adenoma to intra-oral site manifesting as adenoid cystic carcinoma.

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Editorial board

Publication date: December 2015
Source:Revue de Stomatologie, de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et de Chirurgie Orale, Volume 116, Issue 6





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Des départements d’odontologie hospitalo-universitaires hors des facultés d’odontologie : une utopie ?

Publication date: December 2015
Source:Revue de Stomatologie, de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et de Chirurgie Orale, Volume 116, Issue 6
Author(s): C. Meyer




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Calendrier des manifestations

Publication date: December 2015
Source:Revue de Stomatologie, de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et de Chirurgie Orale, Volume 116, Issue 6





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Results of a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Visomitin Eye Drops in Patients with Dry Eye Syndrome

Abstract

Introduction

This article presents the results of an international, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical study of Visomitin (Mitotech LLC, Moscow, Russian Federation) eye drops in patients with dry eye syndrome (DES). Visomitin is the first registered (in Russia) drug with a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (SkQ1) as the active ingredient.

Methods

In this multicenter (10 sites) study of 240 subjects with DES, study drug (Visomitin or placebo) was self-administered three times daily (TID) for 6 weeks, followed by a 6-week follow-up period. Seven in-office study visits occurred every 2 weeks during both the treatment and follow-up periods. Efficacy measures included Schirmer's test, tear break-up time, fluorescein staining, meniscus height, and visual acuity. Safety measures included adverse events, slit lamp biomicroscopy, tonometry, blood pressure, and heart rate. Tolerability was also evaluated.

Results

This clinical study showed the effectiveness of Visomitin eye drops in the treatment of signs and symptoms of DES compared with placebo. The study showed that a 6-week course of TID topical instillation of Visomitin significantly improved the functional state of the cornea; Visomitin increased tear film stability and reduced corneal damage. Significant reduction of dry eye symptoms (such as dryness, burning, grittiness, and blurred vision) was also observed.

Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, Visomitin is effective and safe for use in eye patients with DES for protection from corneal damage.

Funding

Mitotech LLC.

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Mesenchymal stem cell in vitro labeling by hybrid fluorescent magnetic polymeric particles for application in cell tracking

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cell that contains multi-differentiation and proliferative properties and that shows high treatment implications for many clinical problems. The outcome of stem cell transplantation is still limited due to many factors, especially their survival and their interaction with the microenvironment after transplantation. Molecular imaging is a challenging technique that has been used to overcome this limitation and is based on the concept of labeling cells with tractable, visible, and non-toxic materials to track the cells after transplantation. In this study, magnetic polymeric nanoparticles (MPNPs) were used to directly label Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs). After labeling, the growth rate and the viability of the MSCs as well as the time of exposure were determined. The 3D images of WJ-MSCs labeled with MPNPs for 24 h were created using confocal microscopy. The results showed that, after incubation with fluorescent MPNPs for over 8 h, the growth rate and cell viability of the WJ-MSCs was similar to those of the control. Three-dimensional imaging revealed that the fluorescent MPNPs could infiltrate into the cells and spread into the cytoplasm, which suggests that the synthesized fluorescent MPNPs could possibly label MSCs for cell tracking study and be further developed for in vivo applications.

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Route of intrabacterial nanotransportation system for CagA in Helicobacter pylori

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) possesses an intrabacterial nanotransportation system (ibNoTS) for transporting CagA and urease within the bacterial cytoplasm; this system is controlled by the extrabacterial environment. The transportation routes of the system have not yet been studied in detail. In this study, we demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy that CagA localizes closely with the MreB filament in the bacterium, and MreB polymerization inhibitor A22 obstructs ibNoTS for CagA. These findings indicate that the route of ibNoTS for CagA is closely associated with the MreB filament. Because these phenomena were not observed in ibNoTS for urease, the route of ibNoTS for CagA is different from that of ibNoTS for urease as previously suggested. We propose that the route of ibNoTS for CagA is associated with the MreB filament in H. pylori.

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Investigation of aluminum and iron deposition on metaplastic bones in three patients with diffuse pulmonary ossification

Abstract

Diffuse pulmonary ossification (DPO) is a rare pulmonary lesion. DPO is typically detected at autopsy rather than premortem. Recently, however, several cases were diagnosed antemortem using computed tomography, high-resolution computed tomography, or video-assisted thoracic surgery. In the present study, we evaluated DPO at autopsy from two patients with post-myocardial infarction (cases 1 and 3) and one patient with duodenal cancer (case 2). Multiple metaplastic bones (nodular in case 1 and 3 or dendriform in case 2) were detected in these three cases. In an attempt to detect aluminum and iron deposition in these metaplastic bones, histochemical investigations were performed. The two nodular types of one and three cases were positive for aluminum and iron, but the dendriform type of case 2 was positive only for aluminum. The depositions occurred in a linear pattern along the calcifying front. It is of great interest that these deposition patterns were similar to those of bones from three previously reported DPO cases and from the bones of hemodialysis patients. It is suggested that these abnormal metal depositions in the calcifying front might disturb the normal mineralization processes of the metaplastic bones, although no morphological abnormality was detected, except for dense black color of calcifying front lines. Further investigations are needed in more patients with DPO to obtain more information on this topic.

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Artificial collagen-filament scaffold promotes axon regeneration and long tract reconstruction in a rat model of spinal cord transection

Abstract

Traumatically injured spinal cord (SC) displays structural damage that includes discontinuity of long tracts and cavitations. Axonal regrowth beyond the lesion is necessary to achieve functional recovery following SC injury. We report here the development of an artificial collagen-filament (CF) scaffold to replace the SC in 8-week-old female Fisher rats. Axonal sprouting and regrowth was very rapid following grafting of the CF. One week after implantation, the scaffold was filled with cells of host origin and with regenerated axons. Histological examination of SC adjacent to the scaffold showed little cavity formation or fibrous scarring. Eight weeks after implantation, myelinated nerve fibers were found in the scaffold and 10–25 % of rubrospinal tracts were repaired. Four to six weeks after transplantation, motor evoked potentials were recorded in CF-grafted rats but were not detectable in non-grafted rats. Electrophysiological and histological examinations revealed the grafted CF was likely to function as a nerve tract. In addition, these results suggest that collagen fibers may provide a permissive microenvironment for the elongation of SC axons and to support the process of spinal cord regeneration.

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ATP-association to intrabacterial nanotransportation system in Vibrio cholerae

Abstract

Vibrio cholerae colonizes the lumen of the proximal small intestine, which has an alkaline environment, and secretes cholera toxin (CT) through a type II secretion machinery. V. cholerae possesses the intrabacterial nanotransportation system (ibNoTS) for transporting CT from the inner portion toward the peripheral portion of the cytoplasm, and this system is controlled by extrabacterial pH. Association of ATP with ibNoTS has not yet been examined in detail. In this study, we demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy that ibNoTS of V. cholerae under the extrabacterial alkaline condition was inhibited by ATP inhibitors, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), a protonophore, or 8-amino-adenosine which produces inactive form of ATP. The inhibition of CT transport can be reversed by neutralization of DNP. Those inhibitions were associated with decrease of CT secretion by which ibNoTS followed. We propose that ATP closely associates with V. cholerae ibNoTS for transporting CT.

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A Comparative Study of Trigger Point Therapy with Local Anaesthetic (0.5 % Bupivacaine) Versus Combined Trigger Point Injection Therapy and Levosulpiride in the Management of Myofascial Pain Syndrome in the Orofacial Region

Abstract

Aim

To compare the efficacy of combined local anesthetic injection with 0.5 % bupivacaine and levosulpiride versus local anesthetic injection alone on outcome measures including levels of pain intensity and depression in the management of myofascial pain syndrome in orofacial region.

Patients and Methods

This was a prospective, randomized, controlled and open-label comparative clinical study. Seventy-four patients diagnosed to have myofascial pain syndrome and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. Patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups. Group A received local anesthetic injection (0.5 % bupivacaine) on trigger points and Group B received combined trigger point injection therapy and 50 mg of tablet Levosulpiride orally B.I.D. They were assessed for pain intensity and depression at baseline and at follow-up of 1, 4, 6 and 12 week intervals.

Results

The mean age of patients was 44.54 + 15.977 years in group A and 39.97 + 14.107 years in group B (P value = 0.2). Group A comprised of 25 females (67.567 %) and 12 males (32.432 %) while group B had 27 females (75 %) and 9 males (25 %). 70.27 % were diagnosed with moderate depression in group A and 75 % in group B. 18.91 % in group A and 19.44 % in group B were diagnosed with severe depression. When the VAS score and BDI score was compared at the follow-up intervals with the baseline scores in both treatment groups, the mean difference was highly significant at all the follow-up intervals. However when the relative efficacies of two interventions were compared between the two groups, improvement in pain was significant at all the follow-up intervals except the 1st week follow-up whereas the improvement in depression was non-significant at 1st and 4th week interval while it was highly significant at 6th and 12th week intervals.

Conclusion

The combined therapy with trigger point injection and levosulpiride as antidepressant significantly reduces pain and depression in the study subjects suffering from chronic myofascial pain with moderate to severe depression in the orofacial region.

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Submental-Cervical Angle: Perceived Attractiveness and Threshold Values of Desire for Surgery

Abstract

Aim

The submental-cervical angle may alter as a result of mandibular orthognathic surgery and/or the ageing process and is therefore an important facial aesthetic parameter for comparative diagnosis and treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to undertake a quantitative evaluation of the influence of the submental-cervical angle on perceived attractiveness and threshold values of desire for surgery.

Study Design

The submental-cervical angle of an idealized profile silhouette image was altered incrementally between 90° and 130°. The images were rated on a seven-point Likert scale by pre-treatment orthognathic patients (n = 75), laypeople (n = 75), and clinicians (n = 35).

Results

A submental-cervical angle of 90°–105° was deemed acceptable. Angles up to 120° were deemed slightly unattractive by the lay and clinician groups, but very unattractive by the patient group. By 125°–130° all groups perceived the angle as very unattractive. The threshold value of desire for surgery was 110° for patients, 115° for lay people and 125° for clinicians. Patients appear to be more critical than lay and clinician groups.

Conclusions

These ranges of normal variability of the submental-cervical angle and threshold values of desire for surgery, in terms of observer acceptance, should be considered by clinicians in planning mandibular orthognathic surgery and aesthetic surgical procedures of the submental-cervical region.

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Intraoperative Computed Tomography in Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy

Abstract

Objectives

The objective of the study was to show the importance of intraoperative computed tomography as an aid for ensuring inferior alveolar nerve safety during bilateral sagittal split osteotomy.

Materials and Methods

This study included ten patients who underwent bilateral sagittal split osteotomy procedure. All patients were treated for orthognathic reasons. The unerupted lower third molars, if present, were removed at least 6 months prior to Sagittal Split Osteotomy. The Sagittal Split Osteotomy surgical technique was previously described in detail. Each patient underwent computed tomography with an Artis Zeego multi-axis system (Siemens AG, Healthcare Sector, Henkestrasse 127 D-91052 Erlangen, Germany) at the beginning of the operation and immediately after placement of the osteosynthesis plates and screws. The neurosensory tests consisted of a light touch test using the 5.07/10-g Semmes Weinstein monofilament (Stoelting Co, Wood Dale, IL), and patient self-reporting.

Results

Eight (80 %) patients presented with hypoesthesia of lower lip at 6 weeks follow up. At 6 month follow up only two patients (20 %) presented with diminished sensation in the lower lip. Labial sensibility was normal in all patients at the last follow-up visit.

Conclusion

Intraoperative computed tomography enables immediate assessment of treatment and the option to modify the treatment if necessary. Our results indicate that intra-operative computed tomography would be a helpful procedure during orthognathic surgery to improve the postoperative health of the inferior alveolar nerve.

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Pituitary Adenoma Leads to Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma in the Oral Cavity: An Intriguing Case

Abstract

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a tumor of the exocrine glands originating primarily from the minor salivary glands. Though rare but there has been incidences of its spread into intracranial sites via different routes. We report of an intriguing case of remote metastasis of intracranial tumor in the pituitary diagnosed as pituitary adenoma which spread to the oral cavity as adenoid cystic carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of seeding of cells from intra cranial pituitary adenoma to intra-oral site manifesting as adenoid cystic carcinoma.

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Editorial board

Publication date: December 2015
Source:Revue de Stomatologie, de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et de Chirurgie Orale, Volume 116, Issue 6





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Des départements d’odontologie hospitalo-universitaires hors des facultés d’odontologie : une utopie ?

Publication date: December 2015
Source:Revue de Stomatologie, de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et de Chirurgie Orale, Volume 116, Issue 6
Author(s): C. Meyer




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Calendrier des manifestations

Publication date: December 2015
Source:Revue de Stomatologie, de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et de Chirurgie Orale, Volume 116, Issue 6





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