Risk Factors of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis—The Pelvis and Other Considerations

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Spine Deformity, Volume 5, Issue 3
Author(s): Baron S. Lonner, Yuan Ren, Peter O. Newton, Suken A. Shah, Amer F. Samdani, Harry L. Shufflebarger, Jahangir Asghar, Paul Sponseller, Randal R. Betz, Burt Yaszay
Study DesignProspective multicenter database study.ObjectivesTo assess the incidence of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) in operative adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using contemporary surgical techniques and to identify risk factors for PJK.Summary of Background DataThe incidence of PJK has been reported as high as 46% in AIS. Factors associated with PJK have been incompletely explored.MethodsProspectively enrolled 851 AIS patients (2000–2011, 78.5% female, average 14.4 years) were evaluated 2 years postoperatively. Radiographic and sagittal spinopelvic parameters and rod contour angle (RCA), a new measure that reflects the proximal contouring of the rod, were independently evaluated for association with PJK based on Lenke type. Multivariate logistic regression with backward elimination was performed to identify risk factors for PJK.ResultsOverall PJK incidence was 7.05% and varies based on Lenke type (Lenke 1, 6.35%; Lenke 2 and 4, 4.39%; Lenke 3 and 6, 11.64%; and Lenke 5, 8.49%; p = .06). Among patients with Lenke 1 curves, risk factors for PJK were loss of kyphosis after surgery, and stopping caudal to the upper end vertebra (UEV). The risk of developing PJK increases by 7.1% with each lost degree of kyphosis compared with preoperation that occurs after the instrumentation is placed. For Lenke 2 and 4 curves, loss of kyphosis and more lordotic (negative) RCA were risk factors for PJK. For Lenke 3 and 6 curves, larger preoperative T5–T12 kyphosis was the only significant risk factor for PJK. Upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) at or cephalad to the UEV was associated with increased risk of PJK in Lenke 5 curves, which was contrary to the finding for Lenke 1 curves. No significant correlation was found between sagittal pelvic parameters and developing PJK.ConclusionThe incidence of PJK in patients after surgery for AIS is 7.05% and varies based on Lenke type. Loss of kyphosis, larger preoperative kyphosis, UIV caudal to the proximal UEV (Lenke 1), UIV at or cephalad to the UEV (Lenke 5), and decreased RCA were the major risk factors for PJK in AIS.Level of EvidenceLevel II.



http://ift.tt/2qddPwt

Assessment of Breast Asymmetry in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Using an Automated 3D Body Surface Measurement Technique

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Spine Deformity, Volume 5, Issue 3
Author(s): Joyce Ramsay, Lama Seoud, Soraya Barchi, Farida Cheriet, Julie Joncas, Isabelle Turgeon, Philippe Debanné, Isabelle Trop, Hubert Labelle, Stefan Parent
Study designCohort study.ObjectivesTo assess breast asymmetry (BA) directly with 3D surface imaging and to validate it using MRI values from a cohort of 30 patients with significant adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Also, to study the influence of posture (prone vs standing) on BA using the automated method on both modalities.Summary of background dataBA is a common concern in young female patients with AIS. In a previous study using MRI, we found that the majority of patients with significant AIS experienced BA of up to 21% in addition to their chest wall deformity. MRI is costly and not always readily available. 3D surface topography, which offers fast and reliable breast acquisitions without radiation or distortion of the body surface, is an alternative method in the clinical setting.MethodsThirty patients with AIS were enrolled in the study on the basis of their thoracic curvature, skeletal and breast maturity, without regard to their perception of their BA. Each patient underwent two imaging studies of their torso: a 3D trunk surface topography and a breast MRI. An automated breast volume measuring method was proposed using a program developed with Matlab programming.ResultsStrong correlations were obtained when comparing the proposed method to the MRI on the left breast volumes (LBV) (r = 0.747), the right breast volumes (RBV) (r = 0.805) and the BA (r = 0.614). Using the same method on both imaging modalities also yielded strong correlation coefficients on the LBV (r = 0.896), the RBV (r = 0.939) and the BA (r = 0.709).ConclusionsThe proposed 3D body surface automated measurement technique is feasible clinically and correlates very well with breast volumes measured using MRI. Additionally, breast volumes remain comparable despite being measured in different body positions (standing and prone) in a young cohort of AIS patients.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.



http://ift.tt/2pkfl2O

Masthead

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Spine Deformity, Volume 5, Issue 3





http://ift.tt/2qdfEJJ

Predicting 3D Thoracic Kyphosis Using Traditional 2D Radiographic Measurements in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Spine Deformity, Volume 5, Issue 3
Author(s): Kevin C. Parvaresh, Emily J. Osborn, Fredrick G. Reighard, Joshua Doan, Tracey P. Bastrom, Peter O. Newton
Study DesignRetrospective.ObjectiveTo develop and validate a prediction formula to estimate three-dimensional (3D) T5–T12 kyphosis in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) from standard two-dimensional (2D) radiographic measurements.Summary of Background Data2D measurements of thoracic kyphosis in AIS patients overestimate 3D kyphosis; however, there is a lack of widespread availability of 3D imaging technology.MethodsRetrospective review was performed for AIS patients with right thoracic curves evaluated with EOS Imaging from January 2010 to June 2014. Standard 2D posteroanterior and lateral radiographic measurements, pelvic incidence, Nash-Moe grade, Perdriolle rotation, and "3D T5–T12" sagittal measures (reconstructed with sterEOS, analyzed with custom MatLab code) were input into a multivariate logistic analysis to create a prediction model for 3D T5–T12 sagittal alignment. An initial cohort of 66 patients (curves 14°–85°) was used to create a predictive model, and a separate cohort of 129 patients (curves 16°–84°) was used to validate the formula.Results2D thoracic coronal Cobb and 2D T5–T12 kyphosis were the only significant predictors in the model. The prediction formula for estimating 3D T5–T12 sagittal measurement from standard 2D measurements, in degrees, was 18.1 + (0.81*2D T5–T12 sagittal Cobb) − (0.54*2D coronal Cobb), r² = 0.84. The average model error between predicted and measured 3D T5–T12 kyphosis was ±7°. The predicted 3D T5–T12 kyphosis (8.6° ± 12.1°) and measured 3D T5–T12 kyphosis (8.5° ± 13.0°) were not significantly different (p = .8). 3D kyphosis was less than standard measures of 2D kyphosis (8.5° ± 13.0° vs. 20.2° ± 12.6°, p < .001).ConclusionThis simple validated formula to predict 3D T5–T12 sagittal alignment using routine 2D thoracic Cobb and T5–T12 kyphosis for thoracic AIS patients has great potential value in assessing historical data collected prior to the development of 3D imaging methods as well as understanding/planning surgical hypokyphosis correction in patients without access to 3D imaging.



http://ift.tt/2pjYCMW

Resource Utilization in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery: Is There Opportunity for Standardization?

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Spine Deformity, Volume 5, Issue 3
Author(s): Baron S. Lonner, Courtney S. Toombs, Justin C. Paul, Suken A. Shah, Harry L. Shufflebarger, John M. Flynn, Peter O. Newton
IntroductionRecent healthcare reforms have raised the importance of cost and value in the management of disease. Value is a function of benefit and cost. Understanding variability in resources utilized by individual surgeons to achieve similar outcomes may provide an opportunity for cutting costs though greater standardization. The purpose of this study is to evaluate differences in use of implants and hospital resources among surgeons performing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery.MethodsA multicenter prospective AIS operative database was queried. Patients were matched for Lenke curve type and curve magnitude, resulting in 5 surgeons and 35 matched groups (N = 175). Mean patient age was 14.9 years and curve magnitude 50°. Parameters of interest were compared between surgeons via ANOVA and Bonferroni pairwise comparison.ResultsThere was no significant difference in percentage curve correction or levels fused between surgeons. Significant differences between surgeons were found for percentage posterior approach, operative time, length of stay (LOS), estimated blood loss (EBL), cell saver transfused, rod material, screw density, number of screws, use of antifibrinolytics, and cessation of intravenous analgesics. Despite differences in EBL and cell saver transfused, there were no differences in allogenic blood (blood bank) use.ConclusionSignificant variability in resource utilization was noted between surgeons performing AIS operations, although radiographic results were uniform. Standardization of resource utilization and cost containment opportunities include implant usage, rod material, LOS, and transition to oral analgesics, as these factors are the largest contributors to cost in AIS surgery.



http://ift.tt/2qds5VU

Evaluating the Change in Axial Vertebral Rotation Following Thoracoscopic Anterior Scoliosis Surgery Using Low-Dose Computed Tomography

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Spine Deformity, Volume 5, Issue 3
Author(s): J. Paige Little, Maree T. Izatt, Clayton J. Adam, Olivia Lofgren, Anna Sundberg, Robert D. Labrom, Geoffrey N. Askin
Background ContextIn recent years, there has been increasing appreciation of the need to treat scoliosis as a three-dimensional deformity.PurposeAssessment of surgical strategies and outcomes should consider not only the coronal plane correction but also derotation of the transverse plane deformity that can affect trunk appearance.Study DesignThis study included a cohort of 29 female adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients who received thoracoscopic single rod anterior fusion (TASF) surgery. This study used pre- and postoperative low-dose computed tomographic (CT) scans to accurately measure apical axial vertebral rotation (AVR).MethodsThe pre- and postoperative values for clinically measured coronal Cobb correction and rib hump correction as well as AVR were compared to determine whether these values improved postoperatively. There are no conflicts of interest to report for authors of this investigation.ResultsAs expected, statistically significant reductions in coronal Cobb angle (mean preoperative Cobb 51°, reducing to 24° at the two-year follow-up) and rib hump (mean preoperative rib hump 15°, reducing to 7° at two-year follow-up) were achieved. The mean reduction in apical AVR measured using CT was only 3° (mean preoperative AVR 16°, reducing to 13° at two-year follow-up), which was statistically but not clinically significant. Significant correlations were found between Cobb angle and rib hump, between Cobb angle and AVR, and between AVR and rib hump, suggesting that patients with greater coronal Cobb correction also achieve better derotation with this surgical procedure.ConclusionsThe historical low-dose CT data set permitted detailed three-dimensional assessment of the deformity correction that is achieved using thoracoscopic anterior spinal fusion for progressive adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.



http://ift.tt/2pkfSlo

Posterior Versus Three-Column Osteotomy for Late Correction of Residual Coronal Deformity in Patients With Previous Fusions for Idiopathic Scoliosis

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Spine Deformity, Volume 5, Issue 3
Author(s): Stephen J. Lewis, Sam G. Keshen, So Kato, Aaron M. Gazendam
Study DesignRetrospective case series.ObjectiveTo compare the early results of posterior column (PCO) and three-column (3CO) osteotomies performed in patients with previously fused idiopathic scoliosis and review their abilities to achieve coronal correction of residual deformities.Summary of Background DataResidual deformity of previously fused AIS can accelerate adjacent segment degeneration secondary to lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) tilt and rotation. Many of these patients are not satisfied with their cosmetic appearance and would choose revising the deformity when future surgery is indicated.MethodsThe data from 29 consecutive patients who underwent PCOs or 3COs for late revisions of idiopathic scoliosis were reviewed. Measurements included Cobb angle, focal osteotomy angle, and coronal balance. Perioperative data, complications, and patient-reported outcomes were also reviewed.ResultsFourteen patients were treated with PCOs and 15 with 3COs. Global coronal correction was equal between the two groups. In the PCO group, where patients underwent a mean of 2.4 osteotomies, 20.2° of correction was obtained compared to 19.5° in the 3CO group (p = .33), which all underwent single osteotomies. The average coronal correction was 9.2°/osteotomy for the PCO group and 14.1°/osteotomy for the 3CO group (p < .01). Estimated blood loss was 1,417.5 mL in the PCO group compared to 3,199.3 in the 3CO group (p < .01). Five patients (36%) had intraoperative complications in the PCO group compared to 12 (80%) in the 3CO group (p < .05). There were no differences in operative times, length of stay, or patient-reported outcomes between groups.ConclusionPCOs and 3COs performed in patients with previously fused spines for idiopathic scoliosis are effective in achieving residual deformity correction. In cases of posterior fusions, where the patient has a mobile anterior column, PCOs should be considered over 3COs because of their decreased risk of blood loss and complications.



http://ift.tt/2pkfRxQ

Sequential Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Individual Level Deformities of Vertebrae and Discs in the Growing Scoliotic Spine

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Spine Deformity, Volume 5, Issue 3
Author(s): Bethany E. Keenan, Maree T. Izatt, Geoffrey N. Askin, Robert D. Labrom, Damon D. Bennett, Mark J. Pearcy, Clayton J. Adam
Study DesignThe aim of this study was to measure contributions of individual vertebra and disc wedging to coronal Cobb angle in the growing scoliotic spine using sequential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Clinically, the Cobb angle measures the overall curve in the coronal plane but does not measure individual vertebra and disc wedging. It was hypothesized that patients whose deformity progresses will have different patterns of coronal wedging in vertebrae and discs to those of patients whose deformities remain stable.MethodsA group of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients each received two to four MRI scans (spaced 3–12 months apart). The coronal plane wedge angles of each vertebra and disc in the major curve were measured for each scan, and the proportions and patterns of wedging in vertebrae and discs were analyzed for subgroups of patients whose spinal deformity did and did not progress during the study period.ResultsSixteen patients were included in the study; the mean patient age was 12.9 years (standard deviation 1.7 years). All patients were classified as right-sided major thoracic Lenke Type 1 curves (9 type 1A, 4 type 1B, and 3 type 1C). Cobb angle progression of ≥5° between scans was seen in 56% of patients. Although there were measurable changes in the wedging of individual vertebrae and discs in all patients, there was no consistent pattern of deformity progression between patients who progressed and those who did not. The patterns of progression found in this study did not support the hypothesis of wedging commencing in the discs and then transferring to the vertebrae.ConclusionSequential MRI data showed complex patterns of deformity progression. Changes to the wedging of individual vertebrae and discs may occur in patients who have no increase in Cobb angle; therefore, the Cobb method alone may be insufficient to capture the complex mechanisms of deformity progression.



http://ift.tt/2qdbIca

Recurrence of Deep Surgical Site Infection in Cerebral Palsy After Spinal Fusion Is Rare

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Spine Deformity, Volume 5, Issue 3
Author(s): Amit Jain, Urvij M. Modhia, Dolores B. Njoku, Suken A. Shah, Peter O. Newton, Michelle C. Marks, Tracey P. Bastrom, Firoz Miyanji, Paul D. Sponseller
Study DesignRetrospective review of prospective registry.ObjectivesTo assess the following in children with cerebral palsy (CP) who develop deep surgical site infection (DSSI) after spinal fusion: (1) rate of infection recurrence after treatment; (2) treatments used; (3) radiographic outcomes; and (4) differences in Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD) scores versus those of children with no infection (NI).Summary of Background DataStudies show high rates of surgical site infection in patients with CP but do not address late recurrence or quality-of-life effects.MethodsOne hundred fifty-one children with CP underwent spinal fusion surgery from 2008 through 2011 and had ≥2-year follow-up. Patients who developed DSSI were compared with patients with NI. Student t tests were used to analyze deformity; analysis of variance was used to analyze CPCHILD scores in both groups preoperatively and at final follow-up.ResultsEleven patients developed DSSI. Causative organisms were polymicrobial infection (5 cases), Escherichia coli (2 cases), and Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Peptostreptococcus (1 case each). All patients underwent irrigation and debridement and received at least 6 weeks of antibiotics. Six had negative-pressure-dressing-assisted wound closure; 5 had primary closure. At mean 4-year follow-up (range, 3–5 years) no patient had recurrent infection. From immediate postoperative to final follow-up, no patient had significant loss of coronal curve (p = .77) or pelvic obliquity (p = .71) correction. However, at final follow-up, comfort and emotions, overall quality-of-life, and total CPCHILD scores in the DSSI group were significantly lower compared with the NI group (p = .005, .022, and .026, respectively).ConclusionsIn children with CP who developed DSSI after spinal fusion, there was no recurrence of infection or deformity after infection treatment. CPCHILD scores in patients with DSSI were lower compared with the NI group.



http://ift.tt/2qdbwtt

Comparison of a Newer Versus Older Protocol for Circumferential Minimally Invasive Surgical (CMIS) Correction of Adult Spinal Deformity (ASD)—Evolution Over a 10-Year Experience

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Spine Deformity, Volume 5, Issue 3
Author(s): Neel Anand, Jason Ezra Cohen, Ryan Baruch Cohen, Babak Khandehroo, Sheila Kahwaty, Eli Baron
Study DesignRetrospective.ObjectivesCompare circumferential minimally invasive surgical (CMIS) correction outcomes of patients treated for adult spinal deformity (ASD) with a newer versus older protocolSummary of Background DataCMIS techniques have become increasingly popular. Increasing experience and learning curve may help improve outcomes.MethodsA prospectively collected database was queried for all patients who underwent CMIS correction of ASD (Cobb angle >20° or sagittal vertical axis [SVA] >50 mm or pelvic incidence–lumbar lordosis mismatch >10) at 3+ levels. Those without a full-length radiograph or 2-year follow-up were excluded. Patients were compared based on treatment using our original or newer protocol.ResultsThe original protocol had 76 patients with an average age of 66.99 years (range 46–81, standard deviation [SD] 9.03), and the new protocol had 53 patients with average age of 65.85 years (range 48–85, SD 8.08). Preoperative and latest visual analog scale (VAS) scores in the original were 6.85 and 3.45 (p = .001) and in the new were 6.19 and 2.27 (p = .004). Delta-VAS scores were 3.27 and 4.27. The Oswestry disability index (ODI) reduced from 45.84 to 32.91 (p = .041) in the original and from 44.21 to 25.39 (p = .017) in the new. Average delta-ODIs were 22.25 and 24.01. Preoperative, latest, and delta-SF physical component scores for the original were 35.38, 42.42, and 10.06 and for the new, 30.89, 39.49, and 11.93. SF mental component scores were 50.96, 55.19, and 12.84 and 50.12, 52.99, and 8.85. The original and new protocols had latest Cobb angles of 11.54° and 11.12° (p = .789), delta-Cobb angles of 14.51° and 20.03° (p < .05), latest SVAs of 42.85 and 30.58 mm (p < .05) and latest PI–LL mismatch of 15.49 and 9.00 mm (p < .05). In the original and the new, the average preoperative SVAs that reliably achieved a postoperative SVA of 50 mm or less were 84 and 119 mm, respectively, and the maximum delta-SVAs were 89 and 120 mm. The new protocol had fewer surgical complications (p < .05).ConclusionImprovements in radiographic scores, functional outcomes, and limits of SVA correction and lower complication rates suggest that the new protocol may help improve outcomes. These findings may be a reflection of our 10-year experience and advances in the learning curve.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.



http://ift.tt/2pkd9bn

Nanomicelle curcumin-induced DNA fragmentation in testicular tissue; Correlation between mitochondria dependent apoptosis and failed PCNA-related hemostasis

Publication date: Available online 4 April 2017
Source:Acta Histochemica
Author(s): Sana Moshari, Vahid Nejati, Gholamreza Najafi, Mazdak razi
Current study was done to assess possible anti-proliferative effect of nanomicelle curcumin (NMCM) against germ cells in testicular tissue. For this purpose, 24 mature male Wistar rats were divided into control and test groups. The animals in test groups received 7.5mg/kg, 15mg/kg and 30mg/kg of NMC (NO=6 rats in each group). Following 48days, the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, P53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were evaluated by using reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Histological changes, tubular differentiation index (TDI), tissue cellularity and serum level of testosterone were analyzed. Finally, the DNA laddering test was used to assess the DNA fragmentation as hallmark for apoptosis. The NMCM significantly (P<0.05) diminished the Bcl-2, p53 and PCNA and enhanced the Bax and caspase-3 mRNA levels. The NMCM significantly (P<0.05) elevated the percentage of Bax and caspase-3-positive tubules and remarkably reduced the percentage of tubules with positive reaction for Bcl-2, p53 and PCNA. The NCMN-received animals exhibited remarkable (P<0.05) reduction in cell population, TDI ratio and serum level of testosterone. Severe DNA fragmentation was observed in 30mg/kg NMCM-received group. In conclusion, the NMCM by reducing the testicular endocrine status, down-regulating Bcl-2 expression and by enhancing the Bax and caspase-3 expression initiates the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. On the other hand, inhibited expression of p53 and PCNA (at dose level of 30mg/kg) suppresses the p53 and PCNA-related hemostasis/preservative reactions. All these alterations adversely affect the spermatogenesis.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2q47MLp

A Rare Case of Misdiagnosed Silent Lung Cancer with Solitary Metastasis to the Temporomandibular Joint Condyle.

Related Articles

A Rare Case of Misdiagnosed Silent Lung Cancer with Solitary Metastasis to the Temporomandibular Joint Condyle.

J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2017 Spring;31(2):180-185

Authors: Guarda-Nardini L, Stellini E, Di Fiore A, Manfredini D

Abstract
This article describes the case history of a 59-year-old female patient who sought advice for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and sounds but who was actually diagnosed with a primary lung cancer with metastasis to the TMJ. The patient had a history of TMJ pain and deflection in jaw movement that progressively worsened over a few months and did not improve with the usual standard of care treatment provided by an orofacial pain practitioner. Magnetic resonance and computed tomography (CT) prescribed at a tertiary clinic showed an osteolytic bone mass within the right TMJ condyle. The neoformation was surgically removed and histologic assessment revealed it was a metastasis of a silent lung carcinoma. Thorax CT confirmed the presence of a formation within the apical segment of the right lung superior lobe. While this scenario of a silent lung cancer metastasis to the TMJ condyle mimicking classical symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is rare, it does indicate that the path to differential diagnosis is often difficult in TMD and orofacial pain patients, and that practitioners managing such patients should be aware of the variegate spectrum of possible TMD-mimicking conditions to avoid dangerous diagnostic delays.

PMID: 28437516 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2q5zhY6

A New Equation for Predicting Evolution of Oral Pain in Orthodontic Treatment: A Longitudinal, Prospective Cohort Study.

Related Articles

A New Equation for Predicting Evolution of Oral Pain in Orthodontic Treatment: A Longitudinal, Prospective Cohort Study.

J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2017 Spring;31(2):172-179

Authors: Larrea M, Salvador R, Cibrian R, Gandia JL, Paredes-Gallardo V

Abstract
AIMS: To develop an equation capable of relating the evolution of oral pain to the time elapsed, measured from the moment of dental archwire fitting and identifying when pain begins, peaks, and ends; and secondly, to compare pain during orthodontic treatment in relation to archwire material (steel or nickel-titanium [Ni-Ti]) and position (maxillary or mandibular) and patient age (child, teenager, or adult) and gender (male or female).
METHODS: A longitudinal prospective cohort study was conducted of 112 patients who filled in a scale to evaluate pain, noting the times when the pain occurred. The total sample consisted of 60 males and 52 females with a mean (± standard deviation [SD]) age of 19.8 ± 6.2 years. The sample was divided into five groups depending on archwire material and position, and patient age and gender. A univariate four-way ANOVA model was performed to compare mean pain levels between groups. Bonferroni test was used for multiple comparisons. A univariate nonlinear regression model was carried out for pain level, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated, and the statistic R² was used.
RESULTS: An equation was developed based on pain levels in relation to time elapsed, measured from the moment when the archwire had been fitted in the mouth. The equation had three coefficients related to mean pain values: overall pain, peak pain, and how pain decreased. It fitted all study groups with a correlation coefficient > 0.9. The model showed that pain levels were influenced by archwire material and patient gender and age, but not archwire position.
CONCLUSION: The equation reproduced the data registered and can be applied to studies of pain derived from archwires, and this methodology could be used for other external agents fitted in the mouth. Patients receiving dental treatment involving external agents can be made aware of the pain they can expect to experience. This will enable them to distinguish expected pain from other pain, which will help them identify other pathologies requiring medical attention and to approach treatment with better motivation since the pattern of pain evolution is known in advance.

PMID: 28437515 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2q5vERR

A Retrospective Study on Possible Predictive Factors for Long-term Temporomandibular Joint Degeneration and Impaired Mobility in Juvenile Arthritis Patients.

Related Articles

A Retrospective Study on Possible Predictive Factors for Long-term Temporomandibular Joint Degeneration and Impaired Mobility in Juvenile Arthritis Patients.

J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2017 Spring;31(2):165-171

Authors: Kalaykova SI, Klitsie AT, Visscher CM, Naeije M, Lobbezoo F

Abstract
AIMS: To determine possible predictive factors for long-term temporomandibular joint (TMJ) degeneration and dysfunction in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients.
METHODS: A total of 94 patients (77% female) who had received a JIA diagnosis in an outpatient rheumatology clinic from 1993 to 1994 at a mean ± standard deviation age of 8.3 ± 4.53 years were included in the study. At inclusion, TMJ status regarding condylar degeneration was assessed orthopantomographically and given a Rohlin and Petersson score of 0 or ≥ 1. The maximal mouth opening (MMO) was also measured. Data on possible predictors were gathered retrospectively from the consultation at intake: gender, age at JIA onset, JIA subtype, physical limitations (ie, a Steinbrocker classification score of 0 or ≥ 1), human leukocyte antigen-B27, and antinuclear and rheumatoid factors. Disease duration and medication type were also considered. Associations between all of these factors and long-term condylar degeneration and MMO were assessed by using single and multiple regression analyses.
RESULTS: Long-term TMJ degeneration and smaller MMO were both associated with younger age at JIA onset (P = .01; P = .03) and longer disease duration (P = .05; P = .002). Moreover, MMO was negatively associated with physical limitations at intake (P = .04).
CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this retrospective study design, these results suggest that young JIA patients with early physical limitations and prolonged disease are at risk of long-term TMJ degeneration and impaired mobility.

PMID: 28437514 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2q56tPq

Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.

Related Articles

Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.

J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2017 Spring;31(2):159-164

Authors: Jussila P, Kiviahde H, Näpänkangas R, Päkkilä J, Pesonen P, Sipilä K, Pirttiniemi P, Raustia A

Abstract
AIMS: To investigate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in the 46-year-old cohort subjects from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC 1966).
METHODS: Altogether, 1,962 subjects (1,050 women, 912 men) participated in a clinical medical and dental examination and responded to questionnaires in 2012 to 2013. The stomatognathic examination was performed according to a modified protocol of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the signs of TMD between genders, and logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between self-reported pain associated with TMD and modified DC/TMD protocol (P < .05).
RESULTS: Of the subjects available for analyses, 18.5% responded positively to the self-reported screening question for pain related to TMD. The most common signs of TMD were clicking in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) (26.2%) and palpation pain in the masticatory muscles (11.2%). Women had signs of TMD more often than men (P < .05). The most common diagnosis was disc displacement with reduction (7.0%). Myalgia, arthralgia, disc displacement with reduction, and degenerative joint disease diagnoses were statistically significantly more common in women than in men (P < .05). The prevalence of TMD signs among the cohort subjects was 34.2%.
CONCLUSION: The most common sign of TMD was clicking in the TMJ and the most common TMD diagnosis was disc displacement with reduction. The prevalence of TMD signs among the examined cohort subjects was 34.2%. TMD was diagnosed in women more often than in men. The results are comparable with other corresponding population-based studies in adults.

PMID: 28437513 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2oKi96i

Dentist Practice Patterns and Therapeutic Confidence in the Treatment of Pain Related to Temporomandibular Disorders in a Dental Practice-Based Research Network.

Related Articles

Dentist Practice Patterns and Therapeutic Confidence in the Treatment of Pain Related to Temporomandibular Disorders in a Dental Practice-Based Research Network.

J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2017 Spring;31(2):152-158

Authors: Kakudate N, Yokoyama Y, Sumida F, Matsumoto Y, Gordan VV, Gilbert GH, Velly AM, Schiffman EL

Abstract
AIMS: To quantify the practice patterns of Japanese dentists in the management of pain related to temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and to identify specific characteristics that are significantly associated with the decision to perform occlusal adjustment for TMD-related pain.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted consisting of a questionnaire survey of dentists affiliated with the Dental Practice-Based Research Network Japan (JDPBRN) (n = 148). Participants were asked how they diagnosed and treated TMD-related pain. Associations between dentist characteristics and the decision to perform occlusal adjustment were analyzed via multiple logistic regression.
RESULTS: A total of 113 clinicians responded to the questionnaire (76% response rate), and 81% of them (n = 89) had treated TMD during the previous year. Dentists treated an average of 1.9 ± 1.8 (mean ± SD) patients with TMD-related pain per month. Most JDPBRN dentists used similar diagnostic protocols, including questions and examinations. The most frequent treatments were splints or mouthguards (96.5%), medications (84.7%), and self-care (69.4%). Occlusal adjustment for TMD-related pain was performed by 58% of the participants. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified two factors significantly associated with the decision to perform occlusal adjustment: dentist lack of confidence in curing TMD-related acute pain (odds ratio [OR] 5.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.260 to 24.861) and proportion of patients with severe TMD-related pain (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.909 to 0.999).
CONCLUSION: The most common treatments for TMD-related pain were reversible treatments; however, over half of the dentists performed occlusal adjustment for TMD-related pain. The results of this study suggest that an evidence-practice gap exists for occlusal adjustment for TMD-related pain.

PMID: 28437512 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2oKi5DA

Online Information on the Treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome: Quality and Readability.

Related Articles

Online Information on the Treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome: Quality and Readability.

J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2017 Spring;31(2):147-151

Authors: Alnafea S, Fedele S, Porter S, Ni Riordain R

Abstract
AIMS: To evaluate the quality and readability of online information about the treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS).
METHODS: An internet search using the phrase "burning mouth syndrome treatment" was carried out on the Google search engine (www.google.co.uk) on 8 June 2015, and the first 100 websites listed were examined. Data collection included DISCERN score, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks for website analysis score, the presence of the Health on the Net (HON) Foundation seal, and the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES). Descriptive statistics were performed using Microsoft Office Excel.
RESULTS: The search strategy initially yielded 635,000 links; following the application of the exclusion criteria, 53 sites remained for analysis. The overall DISCERN score varied between websites, with half of all websites achieving an overall score of 2 and none of these websites achieving the maximum score of 5. The mean score ± standard deviation (SD) was 2.4 ± 0.7. Only 10 (18.9%) of the websites achieved the four JAMA benchmarks while 3 (5.7%) of the websites did not achieve any of them. Only 9 (17%) displayed the HON seal. The FRES of the websites ranged from 32.4 to 82.2; the mean ± SD rating was 55.4 ± 10.7, which is considered to reflect fairly difficult reading.
CONCLUSION: The information available online about BMS is of questionable quality and content. Perhaps engaging patients in determining what type and format of information they desire when searching online for health information could guide clinicians and researchers alike in providing reliable and readable information sources.

PMID: 28437511 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2oJWoDG

Somatosensory Profile Changes Evoked by Topical Application of Capsaicin to the Tongue in Healthy Individuals.

Related Articles

Somatosensory Profile Changes Evoked by Topical Application of Capsaicin to the Tongue in Healthy Individuals.

J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2016 Spring;31(2):139-146

Authors: Honda M, Baad-Hansen L, Iida T, Komiyama O, Kawara M, Svensson P

Abstract
AIMS: To assess the effect of topical application of capsaicin to the tongue as a surrogate model of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) on somatosensory sensitivity by using a standardized battery of quantitative sensory testing (QST) in healthy volunteers.
METHODS: This study comprised two experimental sessions (experimental [capsaicin] and control [Vaseline]) with QST in 16 healthy women. The examiner applied capsaicin or Vaseline to the tongue tip for 5 minutes. Each participant kept their tongue tip in contact with the capsaicin/Vaseline at the bottom of a disposable cup for 5 minutes, during which time the participant rated the perceived intensity of the tongue pain every 30 seconds on an electronic 0 to 10 visual analog scale (VAS). QST was performed on the tongue tip before and immediately after application in each session. The QST data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
RESULTS: Mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of VAS pain scores during the capsaicin and control sessions were 8.2 ± 0.5 and 1.9 ± 0.2, respectively. The peak of the perceived pain in the capsaicin session was significantly higher than in the control session (P < .001). In the capsaicin session, the postapplication heat pain threshold (HPT) was significantly higher than the preapplication HPT, and the postapplication cold detection threshold (CDT) and mechanical pain threshold (MPT) were significantly lower than before application (P < .001). The average z scores showed a significant somatosensory loss regarding CDT. In the control session, there were no differences between preapplication and postapplication values.
CONCLUSION: Topical application of capsaicin to the tongue tip changed somatosensory sensitivity in healthy participants.

PMID: 28437510 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2oKlt15

Thermal Perception as a Key Factor for Assessing Effects of Trigeminal Nerve Injury.

Related Articles

Thermal Perception as a Key Factor for Assessing Effects of Trigeminal Nerve Injury.

J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2017 Spring;31(2):129-138

Authors: Kim HK, Kim KS, Kim ME

Abstract
AIMS: To conduct a functional examination using multimodal exploration of a sample of patients with iatrogenic trigeminal nerve injury to understand the underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain following trigeminal nerve injury.
METHODS: Subjective and objective symptoms and responses to thermal and electrical quantitative sensory testing (QST) were evaluated in 85 patients with unilateral trigeminal nerve injury. Objective symptoms were measured by seven clinical sensory tests. Thermal QST included cold detection threshold (CDT), warm detection threshold (WDT), and heat pain threshold (HPT). Electrical current perception threshold was performed with electrical stimuli of 2,000, 250, and 5 Hz. The time since injury was included as a possible independent variable. The data were analyzed using chi-square test, independent t test, Mann Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Kruskal-Wallis test. Further analyses with Pearson correlation analysis, Spearman rank correlation analysis, and cluster analysis were applied.
RESULTS: Unlike objective symptoms, thermal and electrical QST values and subjective symptoms did not improve in patients with an old injury. Thermal QST, particularly WDT, showed the highest positive correlation with subjective symptoms in all tests. Cluster analysis of the thermal QST values identified three subgroups: cluster 1, which was characterized by prominent cold and warm hypoesthesia; cluster 2, which presented elevated WDT; and cluster 3, which showed the smallest thermal differences for all thermal variables but had the highest proportion of neuropathic pain.
CONCLUSION: These findings have demonstrated that thermal QST is a suitable tool for evaluating and characterizing the sensory effects of trigeminal nerve injury. Three subgroups with different thermosensory profiles showed that the less the damage, the more neuropathic pain occurs. The loss of warm perception in particular might play a pivotal role in the chronicity and severity of subjective sensory symptoms.

PMID: 28437509 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2oKpOl2

Comparative Evaluation of Anesthetic Efficacy of 2% Lidocaine, 4% Articaine, and 0.5% Bupivacaine on Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial.

Related Articles

Comparative Evaluation of Anesthetic Efficacy of 2% Lidocaine, 4% Articaine, and 0.5% Bupivacaine on Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial.

J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2017 Spring;31(2):124-128

Authors: Aggarwal V, Singla M, Miglani S

Abstract
AIMS: To compare the anesthetic efficacy of 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine, 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, and 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine on producing inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.
METHODS: A total of 91 adult patients who were actively experiencing mandibular molar pain were involved in this study. The patients were randomly divided into three groups on the basis of the anesthetic solution used. The first group received IANB with 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine, the second group received IANB with 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, and the third group received IANB with 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine. After 15 minutes of IANB, conventional endodontic access preparation was started. The pain during the treatment was noted on a Heft-Parker visual analog scale (HP VAS). The primary outcome measure was anesthetic success, and anesthesia was considered successful if the patient reported no pain or weak/mild pain (HP VAS score < 55 mm) during endodontic treatment (pulp access and canal preparation procedures). The data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and chi-square test.
RESULTS: The anesthetic success rates of 2% lidocaine, 4% articaine, and 0.5% bupivacaine were 23%, 33%, and 17%, respectively. The differences were statistically insignificant (P > .05).
CONCLUSION: The 2% lidocaine solution used for IANB had similar success rates when compared with 4% articaine and 0.5% bupivacaine.

PMID: 28437508 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2oKpLpm

Effects of Experimental Pain and Lidocaine on Mechanical Somatosensory Profile and Face Perception.

Related Articles

Effects of Experimental Pain and Lidocaine on Mechanical Somatosensory Profile and Face Perception.

J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2017 Spring;31(2):115-123

Authors: Costa YM, Castrillon EE, Bonjardim LR, Rodrigues Conti PC, Baad-Hansen L, Svensson P

Abstract
AIMS: To assess the effects of experimental muscle pain and topical lidocaine applied to the skin overlying the masseter muscle on the mechanical somatosensory profile and face perception of the masseter muscle in healthy participants.
METHODS: A total of 28 healthy participants received a 45-minute application of a lidocaine or placebo patch to the skin overlying the masseter muscle followed by one injection of 0.2 mL sterile solution of monosodium glutamate. Measurements were taken four times during each session of quantitative sensory testing (QST) (T0 = baseline, T1 = 45 minutes after patch application, T2 = immediately after glutamate injection, and T3 = 25 minutes after the glutamate injection), and the following variables were measured: mechanical detection threshold (MDT), mechanical pain threshold (MPT), pressure pain threshold (PPT), pain report (pain on palpation, pain spreading on palpation, and pain intensity), pain drawing, and perceptual distortion. Multi-way within-subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to the data.
RESULTS: The highest MDTs were present at T2 (F = 49.28, P < .001), the lowest PPTs were present at T2 and T3 (F = 21.78, P < .001), and the largest magnitude and area of perceptual distortion were reported at T2 (F > 6.48, P < .001).
CONCLUSION: Short-lasting experimental muscle pain was capable of causing loss of tactile sensitivity as well as perceptual distortion of the face, regardless of preconditioning with a topical lidocaine patch. Short-term application of a lidocaine patch did not significantly affect the mechanical somatosensory profile.

PMID: 28437507 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2oKApME

[Effect of high altitude hypoxia on fetal development during pregnancy and the reason analysis].

Related Articles

[Effect of high altitude hypoxia on fetal development during pregnancy and the reason analysis].

Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2017 Apr 25;69(2):235-239

Authors: Liu JL, Ma SQ, Wuren TN

Abstract
High altitude hypoxia is an important factor to affect fetal development during pregnancy. In the special environment, maternal physiological functions are regulated to maintain the maternal and fetal homeostasis, so that limited oxygen is to meet the needs of fetal growth and development. In this review, the literatures about the effects of hypoxic environment on fetal development during pregnancy in recent years were summarized, in which the fetal growth characteristics, maternal physiological regulation, genetic and placental influencing factors in high altitude areas were involved. This may be helpful for the reproductive healthcare of women in high altitude region, and also for the treatment and prevention of fetal growth retardation in the hypoxic environment.

PMID: 28435983 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2qa1zwY

[Changes in biological functions of high-density lipoprotein after abnormal modification].

Related Articles

[Changes in biological functions of high-density lipoprotein after abnormal modification].

Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2017 Apr 25;69(2):225-234

Authors: Qu H, Yu Y, Qin SC, Song GH

Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is composed of apolipoproteins, lipids and functional proteins. HDL protects against atherosclerosis (AS) by reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). HDL inhibits the lipid oxidation, inflammation and restores endothelial function. During systemic inflammation or metabolic disorders, HDL can be modified abnormally and converted to a dysfunctional type, which results in the loss of anti-inflammatory factors including apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), paraoxonase (PON) and platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), and gains of pro-inflammatory factors such as serum amyloid A (SAA), triglyceride (TG) and oxidative lipid. Therefore, understanding the changes in compositions and biological functions of dysfunctional HDL might help to comprehend its pathogenic mechanism.

PMID: 28435982 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2p2CExk

[Iron metabolism and neonatal hypoxic ischemic brain damage].

Related Articles

[Iron metabolism and neonatal hypoxic ischemic brain damage].

Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2017 Apr 25;69(2):218-224

Authors: Xu KY, Li F

Abstract
Iron is an essential element for nervous system development, and maintaining a normal iron level in nervous system is controlled by multiple factors. Recent studies reported that iron dysregulation and the following iron metabolic pathways played an important role in hypoxic ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in neonates. Circulatory iron level is altered after hypoxia-ischemia exposure, which may cause abnormal iron deposition in the nervous system followed by neuronal injury. Finding the causing factors for abnormal iron metabolism after hypoxia-ischemia exposure, as well as understanding the mechanisms how iron metabolism contributes to HIBD, will shed lights on HIBD prevention and treatment. In this mini-review, we summarized changes in iron metabolism after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia exposure, its possible regulatory factors and how iron abnormalities contribute to HIBD.

PMID: 28435981 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2p2NvaK

[Glial cells function as neural stem cells and progenitor cells].

Related Articles

[Glial cells function as neural stem cells and progenitor cells].

Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2017 Apr 25;69(2):207-217

Authors: Tan ZJ, Ju SH, Huang X, Gu YK, Su ZD

Abstract
Glial cells, including astrocytes, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), NG2-glia, etc, are broadly distributed throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Also, it has been well known that glial cells play multi-roles in physiological and pathological processes in the CNS, such as maintaining homeostasis, providing neurotrophins for neurons and regulating neural signal transmission. Recently, increasing evidence showed that glial cells may also function as neural stem/progenitor cells and contribute to adult neurogenesis or neuroregeneration. In pathological conditions, for instance, astrocytes and OPCs could be activated to proliferate and differentiate. When cultured in vitro, they could form neurospheres which possess the ability to differentiate into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons. Additionally, forced expression of exogenous genes in astrocytes and NG2-glia can successfully reprogram them into neurons, which may also be suggestive of their stem/progenitor cell features. Here, we review current knowledge of the stem cell-like properties of glial cells, including what types of glial cells can function as stem/progenitor cells, how they can acquire the stem/progenitor potential and what progenies can be produced. These insights may foster a better understanding of glial cell biology and function in physiological or pathological processes in the CNS and lead to the idea of using the stem/progenitor-like glial cells as endogenous cell source for neural repair.

PMID: 28435980 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2q1LAEH

Oxytocin system in neuropsychiatric disorders: Old concept, new insights.

Related Articles

Oxytocin system in neuropsychiatric disorders: Old concept, new insights.

Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2017 Apr 25;69(2):196-206

Authors: Misrani A, Tabassum S, Long C

Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) is a neuropeptide that plays a pivotal role among species peripherally and centrally. It recently has attracted much attention for its involvement in anxiety-related behavior, stress regulation, social behavior and various neuropsychiatric disorders. OXT is one of the important mediators of emotional and social behaviors such as maternal behavior, fear extinction, social support, happiness, and trust. It is also involved in learning and memory process. The recent progresses in OXT system have put this neuropeptide as an important psychotherapeutic intervention for various psychiatric disorders such as stress, anxiety disorders, social phobia, postpartum depression, bipolar disorder, autism, and schizophrenia. In this review, we highlight OXT's contributions to various physiological functions and psychological disorders and discuss its potential use as a therapeutic agent.

PMID: 28435979 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2oI2UtI

[Digoxin inhibits migration and invasion of human gastric carcinoma MKN45 cells through down-regulation of AEG-1].

Related Articles

[Digoxin inhibits migration and invasion of human gastric carcinoma MKN45 cells through down-regulation of AEG-1].

Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2017 Apr 25;69(2):189-195

Authors: Cui MC, Wang XH, Yuan L, Xiong JP

Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effect of digoxin on migration and invasion of human gastric carcinoma MKN45 cells and its possible mechanism. MKN45 cells were treated with different concentrations of digoxin for 24 h. The shRNA-AEG-1 plasmid was transfected into MKN45 cells via lipofectamine to block the expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1). Western blot was used to analyze the protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), E-cadherin and AEG-1. The result showed that digoxin reduced the abilities of migration and invasion (P < 0.05), up-regulated the protein level of E-cadherin (P < 0.05), and down-regulated the protein levels of MMP-9 and AEG-1 (P < 0.05) in MKN45 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with shControl group, shAGE-1 group showed inhibited cellular migration and invasion, higher expression level of E-cadherin, and lower expression levels of MMP-9 and AEG-1. These results suggest that digoxin suppresses the migration and invasion of human gastric carcinoma MKN45 cells in a dose-dependent manner through inhibiting the expression of AEG-1, and then resulting in the up-regulation of the protein expression of E-cadherin and the down-regulation of the protein expression of MMP-9.

PMID: 28435978 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2oIos9H

[Inhibitory effects of capsaicin on migration and invasion of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and its mechanism].

Related Articles

[Inhibitory effects of capsaicin on migration and invasion of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and its mechanism].

Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2017 Apr 25;69(2):183-188

Authors: Li BH, Yuan L

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of capsaicin on migration and invasion of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and its possible mechanism. The MDA-MB-231 cells were incubated in the medium containing different concentrations of capsaicin for 24 h. CCK-8 assay was employed to detect the cell viability. The cell migration and invasion were assessed by wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay, respectively. The protein levels of c-Src, p-c-Src (Tyr416), FAK, p-FAK (Tyr576), Paxillin, p-Paxillin (Tyr118), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 in the MDA-MB-231 cells were detected by Western blotting. The mRNA expressions of MMP2 and MMP9 were measured by RT-PCR. The result showed that capsaicin (25 and 50 μmol/L) remarkably reduced the abilities of migration and invasion (P < 0.05), inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Src, FAK and Paxillin (P < 0.05), and down-regulated MMP2 and MMP9 expressions at mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.05) in MDA-MB-231 cells. These effects of capsaicin were all in dose-dependent manners. These results suggest that capsaicin may suppress the migration and invasion of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylations of c-Src, FAK and Paxillin, and down-regulating the mRNA and protein levels of MMP2 and MMP9.

PMID: 28435977 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2oIgNrG

[Role of IgG plasma cells in the change of protein C system in ulcerative colitis].

Related Articles

[Role of IgG plasma cells in the change of protein C system in ulcerative colitis].

Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2017 Apr 25;69(2):172-182

Authors: Lin XH, Guo JL, Wen YQ, Li YX, Wei DD, Yang RL, Mu XY, Wang HC

Abstract
The present study is designed to explore the role of plasma cells in the change of protein C system (PCS) in ulcerative colitis (UC). Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, 4% in concentration) was used to induce mouse UC model. The plasma cells and the type of immune complex in colon were observed by immunofluorescence. The amount and type of plasma cells separated from colonic mucosal lamina propria were detected by flow cytometry using anti-CD54(+)CD38(+) and IgA/M/G antibodies, respectively. After stimulation of macrophages by IgG type immune complex, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were evaluated by ELISA. After co-incubation of microvascular endothelial cells with TNF-α or IL-6, the expressions of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and thrombomodulin (TM), and the activity of activated protein C (APC) were examined. As the results showed, the IgG type plasma cells infiltration and the quantity of IgG type immune complex were increased in DSS group in comparison with control group. After incubation with IgG type immune complex, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the supernatant of macrophages were increased (P < 0.01) in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, after incubation with TNF-α or IL-6, the expressions of EPCR and TM in the microvascular endothelial cells were decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while the activity of APC was reduced (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). These results suggested that the quantity of IgG type plasma cells increases in UC and forms immune complexes, which affect the secretion of cytokines from macrophage, thereby affecting the function of endothelial cells and finally inhibiting PCS in UC. Therefore, plasma cell may be a novel target for the treatment of UC.

PMID: 28435976 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2oIf6ut

[Effect of bilateral injection of calcitonin gene-related peptide into amygdala on learning and memory of mice].

Related Articles

[Effect of bilateral injection of calcitonin gene-related peptide into amygdala on learning and memory of mice].

Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2017 Apr 25;69(2):167-171

Authors: Wu X, Zheng WJ, Lv MH, Gao JF

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of different doses of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) injected into the central nucleus of amygdala on cognitive function, learning and memory of mice. C57BL/6J mice (30 days old) were randomly divided into control, sham, and three CGRP groups (10 mice for each group). Three doses of CGRP (200, 400 and 800 ng) were bilaterally administered into the central nucleus of the amygdala. Open field test was used to assess cognitive function. Novel object recognition and Morris water maze test were used to evaluate learning and memory of the mice. The results of open field test showed that 800 ng CGRP significantly increased the locomotive score. The results of novel objective recognition test showed that 400 ng CGRP significantly increased the recognition index. Compared with control group, 400 and 800 ng CGRP groups showed significantly shortened latency period and increased crossing times. Simultaneously, the latency periods of 400 and 800 ng CGRP groups were shorter than that of 200 ng CGRP group. These results suggest that bilateral injection of CGRP into amygdala dose-dependently enhances the learning and memory function of mice.

PMID: 28435975 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2oIn7zj

[Antidepressant effects of the extract of Dendrobium nobile Lindl on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive mice].

Related Articles

[Antidepressant effects of the extract of Dendrobium nobile Lindl on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive mice].

Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2017 Apr 25;69(2):159-166

Authors: Jiang N, Fan LX, Yang YJ, Liu XM, Lin HY, Gao L, Wang Q

Abstract
To investigate whether the extract of Dendrobium nobile Lindl (DNL) has an antidepressant effect on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive mice, 72 BALB/c male mice were randomly divided into the control group, the CUMS model group, the extract of DNL groups (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg DNL, i.g.) and the paroxetine group (10 mg/kg, i.g.). The different doses of DNL or the paroxetine was administered orally once daily to CUMS mice for 8 weeks (containing two-week preventive medication before the modeling). The same volume of distilled water was given to the control group and the CUMS group. Except for the control group, the other mice were exposed to chronic stress for 35 days. Behavioral tests were performed by using the sucrose preference test (SPT), the novelty-suppressed feeding (NSF) test, the tail suspension test (TST), and the forced swim test (FST). The levels of dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were measured by the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS)/MS. Compared with the control group, obvious behavioral changes were observed in the CUMS group after 5-week CUMS, including a decrease in the sucrose consumption, an increase in the latency to feeding in the NSF test and a prolongation of the immobility time in the TST. Compared with the CUMS group, the application of DNL resulted in a dose-dependent increase in sucrose consumption (P < 0.01) as paroxetine (10 mg/kg) did and a significant dose-dependent decrease in the latency to feeding in the NSF test (P < 0.05). In the TST, the application of paroxetine (10 mg/kg) and the high-dose DNL (200 mg/kg) obviously decreased the immobility time when compared with the CUMS group (P < 0.05). In the FST, compared with the CUMS group, all the groups had no significant differences in the immobility time (P > 0.05). In addition, in the hippocampus and cortex, the levels of 5-HT and DA were significantly decreased in the CUMS group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In comparison with the CUMS group, paroxetine obviously increased the DA levels in the hippocampus and the cortex and the 5-HT level in the hippocampus (P < 0.05). DNL (50 and 200 mg/kg) significantly increased the DA level in cerebral cortex of the brain, and DNL (100 and 200 mg/kg) increased the DA level in the hippocampus. The 5-HT level in the 200 mg/kg DNL group was notably increased in both two brain regions (P < 0.05), but the 5-HT level in the 100 mg/kg DNL group was significantly increased only in the hippocampus (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that the extract of DNL has an antidepressant-like effect on CUMS-induced depressive mice and its mechanism may be related to the changes in DA and 5-HT in the hippocampus and cortex.

PMID: 28435974 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2oIorm9

Systemic lupus erythematosus with Degos disease: role of dermatoscopy in diagnosis

http://ift.tt/2qd1ZCM

Governing Council Page

Publication date: April 2017
Source:Medical Journal Armed Forces India, Volume 73, Issue 2





http://ift.tt/2q3xi3u

Peanut-free schools: What does it really mean, and are they necessary?

http://ift.tt/2q5fSGo

Analysis of basophil activation in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease

Basophils are a major source of cysteinyl leukotrienes, but little is known about their association with the pathogenesis of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). We assessed CD203c expression on peripheral basophils of patients with AERD.

http://ift.tt/2q3rRl6

Editorial Board/Aims & Scope

http://ift.tt/2oKksGa

Malignant transformation of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: A meta-analysis of 20095 patient data

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is an oral subtype of Lichen Planus, affecting 1–4% of the worldwide population with a higher frequency in middle aged and elderly women [1]. It is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by a T-cell mediated response against epithelial basal cells, leading to basal cell degeneration and subepithelial band like infiltration by T-lymphocytes [2,3]. Clinically, there are six different subtypes, classified into two groups: Non-erosive-atrophic forms [including reticular, papular and plaque like] and erosive-atrophic forms [including atrophic (erythematous), erosive (ulcerative) and bullous] [4].

http://ift.tt/2ouaYmx

A bead-based immunofluorescence-assay on a microfluidic dielectrophoresis platform for rapid dengue virus detection

Publication date: 15 September 2017
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 95
Author(s): Edwar Iswardy, Tien-Chun Tsai, I-Fang Cheng, Tzu-Chuan Ho, Guey Chuen Perng, Hsien-Chang Chang
The proof of concept of utilizing a microfluidic dielectrophoresis (DEP) chip was conducted to rapidly detect a dengue virus (DENV) in vitro based on the fluorescence immunosensing. The mechanism of detection was that the DEP force was employed to capture the modified beads (mouse anti-flavivirus monoclonal antibody-coated beads) in the microfluidic chip and the DENV modified with fluorescence label, as the detection target, can be then captured on the modified beads by immunoreaction. The fluorescent signal was then obtained through fluorescence microscopy, and then quantified by ImageJ freeware. The platform can accelerate an immuno-reaction time, in which the on-chip detection time was 5min, and demonstrating an ability for DENV detection as low as 10⁴ PFU/mL. Furthermore, the required volume of DENV samples dramatically reduced, from the commonly used ~50µL to ~15µL, and the chip was reusable (>50x). Overall, this platform provides a rapid detection (5min) of the DENV with a low sample volume, compared to conventional methods. This proof of concept with regard to a microfluidic dielectrophoresis chip thus shows the potential of immunofluorescence based-assay applications to meet diagnostic needs.



http://ift.tt/2qcBr4i

Glassy carbon electrode modified with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane and graphene oxide triggered a synergistic effect: Low-potential amperometric detection of reduced glutathione

Publication date: 15 October 2017
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 96
Author(s): Baiqing Yuan, Chunying Xu, Renchun Zhang, Donghui Lv, Sujuan Li, Daojun Zhang, Lin Liu, Carlos Fernandez
A sensitive electrochemical sensor based on the synergistic effect of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and graphene oxide (GO) for low-potential amperometric detection of reduced glutathione (GSH) in pH 7.2 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) has been reported. This is the first time that the combination of GO and TCNQ have been successfully employed to construct an electrochemical sensor for the detection of glutathione. The surface of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified by a drop casting using TCNQ and GO. Cyclic voltammetric measurements showed that TCNQ and GO triggered a synergistic effect and exhibited an unexpected electrocatalytic activity towards GSH oxidation, compared to GCE modified with only GO, TCNQ or TCNQ/electrochemically reduced GO. Three oxidation waves for GSH were found at −0.05, 0.1 and 0.5V, respectively. Amperometric techniques were employed to detect GSH sensitively using a GCE modified with TCNQ/GO at −0.05V. The electrochemical sensor showed a wide linear range from 0.25 to 124.3μM and 124.3μM to 1.67mM with a limit of detection of 0.15μM. The electroanalytical sensor was successfully applied towards the detection of GSH in an eye drop solution.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2qczSDA

Supported binary liposome vesicle-gold nanoparticle for enhanced label free DNA and protein sensing

Publication date: 15 September 2017
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 95
Author(s): Divya Karutha Pandian, Venkataraman Dharuman
Supported binary liposome mixture of cationic liposome N-[1-(2,3-Dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) and the zwitterionic liposome 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) were tethered on thiol monolayers in the absence and presence of gold nanoparticle to enhance sensor stability and sensitivity for label free DNA and protein sensing for the first time. Cysteamine hydrochloride (Cyst), 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), 11-Mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUDA) and 11-amino-1-undecane thiol (AUT) monolayers were used as tethers on gold surfaces. Electrochemical studies in the presence of [Fe(CN)6]^3-/4- indicate that the presence of both DOPE and AuNP decreases the electrostatic interaction between DOTAP and MPA layer during the formation of DOPE-DOTAP-AuNP (DDA) whereas they enhance the repulsive force on the Cyst and AUT monolayers. In the thiol monolayer supported DDA, the gelation of neutral lipid DOPE by the AuNP is disfavored which inturn promotes stability of vesicle structure. The membrane protein melittin's interaction with the DDA indicates the presence of intact vesicle by showing decreased charge transfer for the MUDA and AUT in the presence of [Fe(CN)6]^3-/4-. On the contrary, the presence of the bilayer and semi circled DDA on the MPA and cysteamine layers were confirmed by the increased redox reaction. Atomic Force Microscopic (AFM) and Transmission Electron Microscopic (TEM) images support the presence of an array like semi circled DDA on the MPA and well separated DDA vesicles on the MUDA with variable sizes. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) suggest effective coordination between DOPE, DOTAP and AuNP. Label free DNA hybridization sensing in presence of the negatively charged [Fe(CN)6]^3-/4- indicates the lowest DNA detection limit of 1×10⁻¹⁴M with linearity range 1×10^–13 to 1×10⁻⁹M. Similarly, streptavidin sensing shows the lowest detection of 1ngml⁻¹ with a linear range 100ng to 1µg due to the increased reactive sites and distance.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2qczSn4

Epstein-Barr virus infection and breast invasive ductal carcinoma in Egyptian women: A single center experience

Publication date: Available online 24 April 2017
Source:Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute
Author(s): Noha ED Hassab El-Naby, Hameda Hassan Mohamed, Asmaa Mohamed Goda, Ahmed El Sayed Mohamed
BackgroundA controversy of the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in breast carcinomas has been reported in the literature.ObjectivesWe carried on this research to explore possible association between EBV infection and breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in Egyptian women attending our center.Study designThis study carried out at Sohag university hospital on 84 paraffin embedded samples of breast tissue, of them 42 breast IDC as the case group and 42 breast fibroadenomas as the control group. Nested PCRand immunohistochemistry (IHC) done separately for all samples to identify the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) gene and EBV latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) respectively, in breast cancer cells and controls.ResultsSpecimen considered positive when both (EBNA-1) gene and LMP-1 were detected using PCR and IHC separately for the same sample, this was achieved by 10/42 (23.81%) of breast IDC (case group) and 6/42 (14.29%) of breast fibro-adenomas (control group) (P-value=0.4). Nodal involvement was the only parameter that demonstrated a significant statistical relationship with EBV presence in cancerous tissue with p-value=0.003.ConclusionOur research could not find a significant statistical association between EBV infection and breast IDC in Egyptian women attending our center, but, there might be an association between the existence of EBV and tumor aggressiveness.



http://ift.tt/2pgF6yK

Breaking the ritual metabolic cycle in order to save acetyl CoA: A potential role for mitochondrial humanin in T2 bladder cancer aggressiveness

Publication date: Available online 24 April 2017
Source:Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute
Author(s): Nesreen Nabil Omar, Reham Fathy Tash, Youssef Shoukry, Karim Omar ElSaeed
Introduction: Cancer cells may exhibit outsourcing of their high energy need in order to avoid the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis. Reduced mitochondrial respiration and accumulation of mitochondrial genome mutations are among metabolic transformations in this regard. Mitochondrial humanin (MT-RNR2) is a small peptide with anti-apoptotic activities attributed to binding some pro-apoptotic proteins. Aim of the work: The current study aims at investigating the expression of mitochondrial humanin in bladder tumor cells and the possible casting of humanin anti-apoptotic action through orchestrating some of the mitochondrial metabolic enzymes. Material and methods: Here messenger RNA of humanin, succinate dehydrogenase, glutaminase, isocitrate dehydrogenase were compared in tissues from patients with T2 bladder carcinoma in comparison to tumor associated normal tissues from the same patients. Levels of lactate and mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC1) mRNA were determined to scrutinize the prevalence of aerobic glycolysis. Results: The present study found that tumor cells had suppressed aerobic glycolysis, augmented mitochondrial respiration and interrupted tricarboxylic acid cycle, all of which were suggested to serve tumor aggressiveness. MT-RNR2 was found closely related to the alterations in mitochondrial activity. Conclusion: MT-RNR2 plays its anti-apoptotic role partly by avoiding deploying energy from complete oxidation of organic compounds to inorganic wastes. Thus MT-RNR2 can potentially serve as a new biomarker in the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma especially that it is present in blood circulation.



http://ift.tt/2q53iqQ

Outcome of resectable pediatric Ewing sarcoma of the ribs

Publication date: Available online 24 April 2017
Source:Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute
Author(s): Gehad Ahmed, Manal Zamzam, Mohamed S. Zaghloul, Ahmed Kamel, Ranin Soliman, Iman Zaky, Asmaa Salama, Nehal Kamal, Maged ElShafiey
PurposeWas to evaluate the outcome of multimodality treatment in resectable primary Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor ES/PNET of the ribs and role of thoracoscopy in facilitating resection of these tumors.Patients and methodsThis was a retrospective study including 22 patients with primary ES/PNET of the ribs surgically treated at Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE) between January 2008 until the end of December 2014.ResultsMedian age was 8.5years (range 5months to 16years.). All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Thoracoscopic exploration was performed in 15 (68%) patients. Resection included 1,2,3 and 4 ribs in (7,4,8 and 3 patients) respectively, parts of the diaphragm (3 patients), wedge resection of the lung (10 patients) and pleural nodules (2 patients). Primary closure was feasible in 11 patients and rib transposition was done in one patient. Reconstruction by proline mesh covered by muscle flap was done in 10 patients. Margins were microscopically positive in 3 patients and close in 2 patients. Postoperative radiotherapy was given in 8 patients. With a median follow-up of 38.5months, the 3-year event -free survival (EFS) and overall survival(OS) rates were 31.6% and 55.6%, respectively.ConclusionMultimodality treatment is essential in the management of ES-PNET of the ribs. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy facilitates adequate resection. The role of thoracoscopy and the indications of postoperative radiotherapy need further evaluation.



http://ift.tt/2pgwubp

The profile of extremity and trunk soft tissue sarcoma in a tertiary referral center

Publication date: Available online 24 April 2017
Source:Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute
Author(s): Ahmed Mostafa Ahmed Mahmoud, Mohammed Mahmoud, Ahmed Charaf, Manar Mohamed Moneer
BackgroundProper surgery with adequate safety margin and adjuvant radiotherapy is the main line of treatment of extremity and trunk soft tissue sarcoma (STS). In spite of improved management, the long term follow up is still not satisfactory.ObjectiveTo evaluate long term outcome of STS of extremities and trunk regarding adequacy of resection, recurrence and survival.Patients and methodsThis prospective study included 25 patients with STS involving extremity and trunk. All patients were treated with wide radical excision and had adjuvant irradiation and followed up for a median of 26months.ResultsThe mean age was 40.0±15.3years. They were 16 males and 9 females. Eight patients (32%) had positive or close surgical margins. The median overall survival (OS) was 26.5months. In univariate analysis, lower limb tumors, stage III and grade 3 were significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) (p=0.007, 0.02, and 0.020, respectively) and disease free survival (DFS) (p=0.005, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). On multivariate analysis the only independent factor that affects the OS and DFS was the stage (p value=0.029, Hazard ratio: 3.64, 95% confidence interval: 1.14–11.61 and p value=0.003, Hazard ratio: 5.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.82–18.18 respectively).ConclusionDespite adequate surgery and adjuvant irradiation, 5years follow up results of treatment of extremity and trunk soft tissue sarcoma is still poor. This highlights the importance of early detection of small STS in extremity and trunk.



http://ift.tt/2q54zOv

Editor’s perspective: How rare is rare?

Publication date: Available online 25 April 2017
Source:Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute
Author(s): Emad Shash




http://ift.tt/2pgwqZd

Phenyl butyrate inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 and contributes to its anti-cancer effect

Publication date: Available online 25 April 2017
Source:European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Author(s): Wen Zhang, Shao-Lin Zhang, Xiaohui Hu, Kin Yip Tam
Phenyl butyrate (PB) has been proved to decrease pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) phosphorylation level and increase PDH activity by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) in fibroblast cells, PDH deficiency zebrafish and wild type mice. PB has also shown efficacy in many cancers and so far, all of its anti-tumor activity has been attributed to the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition. As PDK1/PDH controls the critical switch between oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in cancer cells, PDK1 is a key target in tumor metabolism for anti-cancer treatment. We hypothesize that the therapeutic effects of PB in cancers might also depend on suppressing PDK1 and promoting PDH activity, in addition to its proposed role as HDAC inhibitor. We showed that PB directly inhibited the kinase activity of PDK1 and increased the activity of PDH in an enzyme assay. In several different cancer cell lines, PB reduced the phosphorylation level of PDH, increased the mitochondrial respiration, decreased glycolysis in cytoplasm, reversed mitochondrial hyperpolarization, activated several proteins in apoptotic signaling pathway and then induced the apoptosis of cells. In summary, this is the first study indicated that PB could exert its anti-cancer effects through inhibiting PDK1, altering the mitochondrial bioenergetics and inducing apoptosis.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2pgCjpu

Development of organoids from mouse and human endometrium showing endometrial epithelium physiology and long-term expandability [HUMAN DEVELOPMENT]

Matteo Boretto, Benoit Cox, Manuel Noben, Nikolai Hendriks, Amelie Fassbender, Heleen Roose, Frederic Amant, Dirk Timmerman, Carla Tomassetti, Arne Vanhie, Christel Meuleman, Marc Ferrante, and Hugo Vankelecom

The endometrium, which is of crucial importance for reproduction, undergoes dynamic cyclic tissue remodeling. Knowledge of its molecular and cellular regulation is poor, primarily owing to a lack of study models. Here, we have established a novel and promising organoid model from both mouse and human endometrium. Dissociated endometrial tissue, embedded in Matrigel under WNT-activating conditions, swiftly formed organoid structures that showed long-term expansion capacity, and reproduced the molecular and histological phenotype of the tissue's epithelium. The supplemented WNT level determined the type of mouse endometrial organoids obtained: high WNT yielded cystic organoids displaying a more differentiated phenotype than the dense organoids obtained in low WNT. The organoids phenocopied physiological responses of endometrial epithelium to hormones, including increased cell proliferation under estrogen and maturation upon progesterone. Moreover, the human endometrial organoids replicated the menstrual cycle under hormonal treatment at both the morpho-histological and molecular levels. Together, we established an organoid culture system for endometrium, reproducing tissue epithelium physiology and allowing long-term expansion. This novel model provides a powerful tool for studying mechanisms underlying the biology as well as the pathology of this key reproductive organ.

http://ift.tt/2pgtdJ9

Obituary for Professor Renato Fior

Professor Renato Fior.

http://ift.tt/2oJYBi4

Editorial Board

http://ift.tt/2otXt6p

Pediatric sinonasal malignancies: A population-based analysis

Pediatric Sinonasal Malignancies (PedsSNM) are rare and usually associated with a poor prognosis. We aim to investigate the epidemiology, tumor characteristics, and survival of PedsSNM using a population-based database to augment the scant literature on this topic.

http://ift.tt/2oK073O

Genetic Polymorphisms of Antioxidant and Antiglycation Enzymes and Diabetic Complications. How Much Can we Learn from the Genes?

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-106442

There is growing evidence that reactive metabolites, such as reactive oxygen species and dicarbonyls contribute to diabetic complications. Formation, accumulation, and detoxification of these metabolites are controlled by several enzymes, some of which have genetically determined levels of expression or function. This review not only gives an overview of the different SNPs studied in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2, but in addition attempts to bridge the gap between a genetic study and clinical use. Therefore, not only the results of the studies are reviewed, but also their use in identification of subgroups where an increased or decreased risk for a diabetic complication is described, as well as their use in developing novel therapeutic options based on understanding the contribution of an enzyme to a given complication.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2oJV7Mw

Transcriptional Coactivator p300 and Silent Information Regulator 1 (SIRT1) Gene Polymorphism Associated with Diabetic Kidney Disease in a Chinese Cohort

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-103966

One of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus, which could lead to end-stage renal disease across all demographics, is 'diabetic kidney disease'. However, how diabetic kidney disease develops remains unclear. Studies conducted thus far suggest that a major factor in the origination and development of the disease occurs through histone acetylation modifications. This study aims to examine the probable relationship in Chinese patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. A case–control study was conducted in the Chongqing region of China on the Chinese Han population. Patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected between March 2014 and Dec 2014 from the Department of Endocrinology, which is the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. TaqMan probes were employed to perform an allelic discrimination assay for genotyping p300 and the SIRT1 (Silent Information Regulator 1) polymorphism. The risk factors diabetic kidney disease were determined by statistical analysis. The dispersion of the p300 genotype frequencies and SIRT1 gene polymorphism adheres to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The DKD group had a greater allele G frequency distribution, and allele G patients have a higher probability of diabetic kidney disease. Female patients, patients younger than 65 years of age, and those with the AG or GG genotype are more likely to develop diabetic kidney disease than patients with the AA phenotype. Patients with the AG or GG genotype are more likely to suffer from a severe diabetic kidney disease than patients with the AA genotype, particularly if the patients are older than 65 years of age. The SIRT1 rs4746720 allele C is a risk factor for urinary Alb/Cr. Allele G and the TC genotype patients are more likely to develop diabetic kidney disease, while allele G and TT genotype patients are more likely develop a severe diabetic kidney disease. Transcriptional coactivator p300 gene polymorphism correlates with the development and advancement of diabetic kidney disease. Additionally, the SIRT1 gene collaborates with the p300 gene and participates in promoting albuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2q4JC6p

Effects of Cycling and Exergaming on Neurotrophic Factors in Elderly Type 2 Diabetic Men – A Preliminary Investigation

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-103967

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. There is growing evidence that repeated exercise-induced transient increases in neurotrophic factors can augment neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. This pilot study compares the effects of 30-min submaximal cycling with those of exergaming (combining exercise and video gaming) at the same duration and same rating of perceived exertion (BORG RPE: 14-15) on serum neurotrophic factors in 8 elderly non-insulin-dependent T2DM patients (71±4 years) (2×2 crossover design). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Heart rates were almost equal during cycling and exergaming, while lactate values were significantly higher during cycling (cycling versus exergaming: 3.7±1.1 versus 2.5±1.2 mmol/l, p<0.05). BDNF and VEGF levels were increased significantly post-cycling (+20%,+14%, p<0.05). No other significant pre-post changes were evident. This study demonstrates that acute exercise can increase neurotrophic factors (BDNF, VEGF) in elderly T2DM patients, depending on exercise mode.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2oJSoD6

Early Mitochondrial Adaptations in Skeletal Muscle to Obesity and Obesity Resistance Differentially Regulated by High-Fat Diet

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-104634

The mechanism for different susceptibilities to obesity after short-term high-fat diet (HFD) feeding is largely unknown. Given the close association between obesity occurrence and mitochondrial dysfunction, the early events in skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations between HFD-induced obesity (DIO) and HFD-induced obesity resistant (DIO-R) lean phenotype under excess nutritional environment were explored.ICR/JCL male mice were randomly divided into 2 groups, as follows: low-fat diet (LFD) and HFD groups. After 6 weeks on HFD, HFD-fed mice were classified as DIO or DIO-R according to their body weight gain. Serum parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers, the activation of AMPK/ACC axis, and the expression profiles of mitochondrial biogenesis were measured by using corresponding methods among the LFD control, DIO, and DIO-R groups. Serum glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein levels were significantly increased in DIO and DIO-R mice compared with LFD controls. However, DIO-R mice had significantly higher MDA levels and exhibited a significantly higher level of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inactivation than DIO mice. Furthermore, the transcript and protein levels of transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and estrogen-related receptor-α (ERRα) in DIO-R mice were significantly up-regulated compared with the DIO mice. Although the body weight gain differed, the DIO and DIO-R mice had similar metabolic disturbance of glucose and lipids after short-term HFD consumption. The diverse alterations on fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis pathway induced by AMPK activation might be involved in different susceptibilities to obesity when consuming HFD.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2q4M1y1

Influence of the SLCO1B3 Gene on Sulfonylurea Failure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in China

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-103968

Sulfonylureas are widely used class of drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Recent research has demonstrated that SLCO1B3 functions as a determinant of the insulinotropic effect of glibenclamide at the tissue level. However, whether this gene can influence the efficacy of glibenclamide in type 2 diabetic patients is not currently well-understood. All of our study subjects were enrolled from the Xiaoke Pills Clinical Trial. The subjects were treated with glibenclamide, and followed for 48 weeks. The rs4149117 genotype (T334G) in the SLCO1B3 gene was identified by direct sequencing. Relationships between genotype and efficacy and safety outcomes were evaluated by logistic or linear regression models as appropriate. A total of 374 subjects were enrolled in this study. The average age was 54.4±8.9 years, the percentage of males was 52.9%, and 91% of participants finished the genotype analysis successfully. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that there was no significant difference between genotype and treatment failure of glibenclamide under an additive genetic model after adjusting for age, sex, renal function and diabetes duration (OR=1.009, 95% CI 0.692–1.473, P=0.961). The linear regression model demonstrated that the rs4149117 mutation in SLCO1B3 was significantly associated with a reduction in FPG after 48 weeks of treatment, independent of age, sex, renal function and diabetes duration (P=0.017, beta=0.130). In safety outcome analysis, we observed that rs4149117 had no association with hypoglycaemia. The rs4149117 mutation in the SLCO1B3 gene is not associated with sulfonylurea efficacy.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2oJQcLN

Endocrine Complications of Surgical Treatment of Thyroid Cancer: An Update

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-106441

Postoperative hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) and hypothyroidism (HypoT) are the main endocrine complications after the surgical treatment for thyroid cancer. Postsurgical HypoPT can be transient, protracted or permanent. Its frequency varies according to the underlying cervical pathology, surgical technique, and mainly the experience of the surgeon. Risk factors for HypoPT include aggressiveness of the tumor, extent of surgery, the presence of parathyroid gland in the pathologic specimen, and surgeon experience. Clinical manifestations of postsurgical HypoPT can be acute or chronic. An adequate surgical technique that minimizes trauma and preserve the vascularization of the parathyroid glands is the better procedure to reduce the risk of postoperative HypoPT. Acute hypocalcemia may be managed with intravenous or oral calcium supplements, according to the level of serum calcium and the presence of signs and symptoms. Patients with permanent HypoPT require lifelong calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Calcitriol is the vitamin D metabolite of preference because of its high activity and short half-life. Both PTH (1–34) and intact PTH (1–84) have demonstrated to be attractive options in hypoparathyroid patients who cannot maintain stable serum and urinary calcium levels with calcium and vitamin D supplementation. However, the long-term safety of these preparations has not been established. Postsurgical HypoT is an unavoidable consequence of total or near-total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer. Replacement and suppressive therapy are necessary in these patients. Thyroid hormone suppression therapy has shown to be accompanied by a decreased risk of disease progression and recurrence; however, it may also be associated with increased risk of dysrhythmia and loss of bone mass. Therefore, the intensity of TSH suppression must be established in a personalized way after balancing risk and benefits, according to the severity of the thyroid cancer, the response to therapy, and the individual risk factors for adverse events.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2q4RRzw

Markers of Bone and Cartilage Turnover

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-106438

Over the past few decades, scientists have been trying to identify tissue-specific markers that would help to better understand the pathogenesis of bone and cartilage diseases and could be used clinically for the screening, diagnosis and follow-up of bone or joint diseases. Historically, only a few components known to be involved in bone, mineral or cartilage turnover were available for this purpose (e. g., urine hydroxyproline, serum and urine calcium and phosphate levels). However, since most if not all of these substances have wider biological functions beyond bone, mineral and cartilage metabolism, their clinical value as tissue-specific markers was limited. Hence, there was a need to identify more specific indices of bone and cartilage metabolism. Since the 1980s, a number of collagenous and non-collagenous breakdown products as well as cell-specific enzymes have been discovered and developed into markers of musculoskeletal tissue metabolism. This review describes their chemical and biological function, available analytical methods and possible clinical applications.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2oJKV6J

The “Crumple Zone” Hypothesis: Association of Frontal Sinus Volume and Cerebral Injury after Craniofacial Trauma

Purpose: The paranasal sinuses are complex anatomical structures of unknown significance. One hypothesis theorizes that the sinuses, in the event of a traumatic injury, function as a crumple zone to distribute and absorb energy to protect the brain and other critical structures. The current study investigates the association between frontal sinus (FS) volume and the severity of cerebral insults following craniofacial trauma.Methods: All patients with FS fracture admitted to a level 1 trauma center from 2011 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed.

http://ift.tt/2qccTbZ

Clinical Experience With n-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate in Performing Lateral Neck Dissection for Metastatic Thyroid Cancer.

Related Articles

Clinical Experience With n-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate in Performing Lateral Neck Dissection for Metastatic Thyroid Cancer.

Surg Innov. 2016 Oct;23(5):481-5

Authors: Kim HK, Kim SM, Chang H, Kim BW, Lee YS, Lim CY, Chang HS, Park CS

Abstract
Background Chyle leakage following lateral neck dissection (LND) is rare, but can induce metabolic disturbances, delay wound healing, and prolong hospitalization. n-Butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) has been used to achieve hemostasis and seal tissues in several surgical settings. We here assessed whether application of NBCA to the thoracic duct area is effective in sealing chyle leakage. Methods The medical records of 163 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with unilateral LND between March 2011 and September 2012 were reviewed. NBCA was applied to 84 patients and not applied to 79. Drainage volume, duration of hospital stay, and incidence of complications were compared between the 2 groups. Results The 2 groups were not different with regard to age, body weight, gender, primary tumor histology, and number of lateral neck nodes harvested. Mean hospital stay was significantly shorter (4.3 ± 1.8 vs 5.7 ± 3.0 days, P < .001), median total drainage volume was significantly smaller (270 mL; range: 97-931 mL vs 328 mL; range: 113-2636 mL; P < .001), and rate of chyle leakage was significantly lower (0% vs 6.3%, P = .025) in the NBCA than in the non-NBCA group. Conclusion NBCA application to the dissected area of the thoracic duct posterior to its angle of junction with the internal jugular and subclavian veins could be safe and effective in reducing surgical complications related to chyle leakage after LND.

PMID: 26864068 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

http://ift.tt/2oG7SHr

Skull base osteomyelitis secondary to malignant otitis externa mimicking advanced nasopharyngeal cancer: MR imaging features at initial presentation

Skull base osteomyelitis (SBOM) is an inflammatory process which often arises from malignant otitis externa (MOE); the diffuse skull base and adjacent soft tissue involvement may be mistaken at initial imaging for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), especially if there is no prior knowledge of MOE, direct spread from the sphenoid sinus or in atypical presentations of MOE. This study aims to evaluate imaging features on MR that may differentiate SBOM from NPC.

http://ift.tt/2p2fhnC

Teaching and practice patterns of lateral osteotomies for rhinoplasty

Lateral osteotomies are important during rhinoplasty and represent a challenging technique that otolaryngology and plastic surgery trainees must learn. The approaches for osteotomies are difficult to teach as they are accomplished through tactile feedback. Trends in teaching and practice patterns of lateral osteotomies are poorly described in the literature, and this study aims to fill this knowledge gap.

http://ift.tt/2oJyoR7

Skull base osteomyelitis secondary to malignant otitis externa mimicking advanced nasopharyngeal cancer: MR imaging features at initial presentation

Skull base osteomyelitis (SBOM) is an inflammatory process which often arises from malignant otitis externa (MOE); the diffuse skull base and adjacent soft tissue involvement may be mistaken at initial imaging for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), especially if there is no prior knowledge of MOE, direct spread from the sphenoid sinus or in atypical presentations of MOE. This study aims to evaluate imaging features on MR that may differentiate SBOM from NPC.

http://ift.tt/2p2fhnC

Teaching and practice patterns of lateral osteotomies for rhinoplasty

Lateral osteotomies are important during rhinoplasty and represent a challenging technique that otolaryngology and plastic surgery trainees must learn. The approaches for osteotomies are difficult to teach as they are accomplished through tactile feedback. Trends in teaching and practice patterns of lateral osteotomies are poorly described in the literature, and this study aims to fill this knowledge gap.

http://ift.tt/2oJyoR7

Flexible feeding obturator for early intervention in infants with Pierre Robin sequence

Publication date: Available online 25 April 2017
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Ruta Jadhav, Santosh Nelogi, Sounyala Rayannavar, Raghunath Patil
Pierre Robin sequence presents with distinct features of retrognathia and glossoptosis with or without cleft palate, which results in potentially serious, life-threatening respiratory obstruction and feeding complications. A multidisciplinary approach is required to manage such complex features. This article describes a novel technique for managing Pierre Robin sequence using a flexible feeding obturator. This custom-made intraoral appliance overcomes numerous problems associated with the available feeding obturators and helps infants and parents cope with a variety of difficulties.



http://ift.tt/2q33Cng