Σφακιανάκης Αλέξανδρος
ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος
Αναπαύσεως 5 Άγιος Νικόλαος
Κρήτη 72100
00302841026182
00306932607174
alsfakia@gmail.com

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Σάββατο 23 Φεβρουαρίου 2019

Characteristic imaging findings of acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma: a case report

Abstract

Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is an uncommon, histopathologically distinct variant of squamous cell carcinoma. ASCC commonly occurs in areas of skin exposed to sunlight and has only rarely been seen on mucosal surfaces such as the oral cavity. Although the World Health Organization has defined ASCC as an original entity, the imaging findings of ASCC have not been adequately described. We herein report a case of ASCC occurring in the oral mucosa with emphasis on the findings of several imaging studies: panoramic radiography, intraoral radiography, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography.



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Editorial Board



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Photochemical removal of acetaldehyde using 172 nm vacuum ultraviolet excimer lamp in N 2 or air at atmospheric pressure

Abstract

The photochemical removal of acetaldehyde was studied in N2 or air (O2 1–20%) at atmospheric pressure using side-on and head-on types of 172 nm Xe2 excimer lamps. When CH3CHO was decomposed in N2 using the head-on lamp (HL), CH4, CO, and CO2 were observed as products in FTIR spectra. The initial removal rate of CH3CHO in N2 was ascertained as 0.37 min−1. In air (1–20% O2), HCHO, HCOOH, CO, and CO2 were observed as products in FTIR spectra. The removal rate of CH3CHO in air using the side-on lamp (SL) increased from 3.2 to 18.6 min−1 with decreasing O2 concentration from 20 to 1%. It also increased from 2.5 to 3.7 min−1 with increasing CH3CHO concentration from 150 to 1000 ppm at 20% O2. The best energy efficiency of the CH3CHO removal using the SL in a flow system was 2.8 g/kWh at 1% O2. Results show that the contribution of O(1D) and O3 is insignificant in the initial decomposition of CH3CHO. It was inferred that CH3CHO is initially decomposed by the O(3P) + CH3CHO reaction at 5–20% O2, whereas the contribution of direct vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis increases concomitantly with decreasing O2 pressure at < 5% O2. After initial decomposition of CH3CHO, it was oxidized further by reactions of O(3P), OH, and O3 with various intermediates such as HCHO, HCOOH, and CO, leading to CO2 as a final product.



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Exploring inter-species sensitivity to a model hydrocarbon, 2-Methylnaphtalene, using a process-based model

Abstract

We compared inter-species sensitivity to a model narcotic compound, 2-Methylnaphthalene, to test if taxonomical relatedness, feeding guilds, and trophic level govern species sensitivities on species distributed in different regions. We fitted a toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic model to survival patterns over time for 26 species using new and raw data from the literature. Species sensitivity distributions provided little insight into understanding patterns in inter-species sensitivity. The range of no-effect concentrations (NEC) obtained for 26 species showed little variation (mean 0.0081 mM; SD 0.009). Results suggest that the NEC alone does not explain the complexity of the species tolerances. The dominant rate constant and the derived time to observe an effect (t0), a function of concentration, might provide the means for depicting patterns in sensitivity and better ecotoxicological testing. When comparing the t0 functions, we observed that Arctic species have shorter time frames to start showing effects. Mollusks and second trophic level species took longer to build up a lethal body burden than the rest. Coupling our results with fate and transport models would allow forecasting narcotic compounds toxicity in time and thus improve risk assessment.



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Revista de Otorrinolaringología 2017



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Diseño y evaluación de las propiedades antibacterianas de un prototipo de molde de audífono que incorpora cobre en su manufactura

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Introducción: La otitis externa infecciosa es una consulta otorrinolaringológica frecuente en usuarios de audífonos. Las propiedades antibacterianas descritas del cobre, han motivado el desarrollo de aplicaciones clínicas de este metal. Objetivo: Evaluar la capacidad antibacteriana de moldes de audífonos manufacturados con polímeros sensible a luz UV, silicona y acrílico que incorporan cobre metálico, en un sistema experimental in vitro. Material y método: Se diseñaron moldes de audífonos con y sin cobre, que fueron inoculados con distintas concentraciones de microorganismos (S aureus y P aeruginosa), para luego determinar el porcentaje de adherencia bacteriana a distintos tiempos de contacto (4, 8 y12 horas). Resultados: Existió reducción significativa en la adhesión bacteriana a los moldes con cobre respecto a aquellos sin cobre, independiente del material, del tipo de microorganismo y del inóculo bacteriano. Discusión: La disminución en la adherencia bacteriana en los prototipos con cobre, puede atribuirse a su actividad inhibitoria sobre los microorganismos en función de su concentración y el tiempo de contacto, ejerciendo su efecto por difusión a través de los distintos materiales. Conclusión: Con estos resultados, se hace necesario el desarrollo de estudios clínicos enfocados en comprobar si el uso de audífonos con cobre disminuyen las otitis externas de origen infeccioso.
Introduction: External otitis of infectious etiology among hearing aid users is a common motive of otolaryngology consultation. Antibacterial properties described copper, they have motivated the development of clinical applications of this metal. Aim: Evaluate the antibacterial capacity of copper-based ear molds manufactured with different materials such UV sensitive polymers, silicone and acrylic incorporating metallic copper, in an experimental system in vitro. Material and method: Ear molds with and without copper, were inoculated with different concentrations of microorganisms (S aureus and P aeruginosa) and determine the percentage of bacterial adherence to different contact times (4-8 and 12 hours). Results: There was significant reduction in bacterial adhesion to copper molds than those without copper, independent of the material, the type of microorganism and the bacterial inoculum. Discussion: The decrease in bacterial adherence on prototypes with copper, can be attributed to inhibitory activity on microorganisms depending on their concentration and contact time, exerting its effect by diffusion through the various materials. Conclusion: With these results, is necessary the development of clinical studies focused on checking whether the use of hearing aids with copper decreases external otitis of infectious origin.

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Estudio epidemiológico descriptivo de pacientes hospitalizados en el Servicio de ORL del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile entre los años 2007 y 2014

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Introducción: Las enfermedades de origen otorrinolaringológico (ORL) tienen una elevada prevalencia en atención primaria de salud, sin embargo, la información epidemiológica en pacientes hospitalizados es bastante escasa. Objetivo: Obtener características demográficas y prevalencia de enfermedades en los pacientes hospitalizados del Servicio de ORL del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (HCUCh). Material y método: Estudio de tipo descriptivo y retrospectivo, llevado a cabo en el Servicio de ORL del HCUCh, donde se revisaron los registros electrónicos, existentes de grupos relacionados a diagnóstico (GRD) de egresos, entre los años 2007 y 2014. Resultados: Se incluyeron 7.353 egresos, con un promedio de edad de los pacientes de 28,24 años. La causa de hospitalización más frecuente fue la patología de faringe. Del total de los egresos 87,88% presentaron una intervención quirúrgica donde la amigdalectomía con adenoidectomía alcanzó el 15,7% de las cirugías realizadas. Conclusión: Este estudio nos entrega información epidemiológica sobre los pacientes hospitalizados en un servicio de ORL de un hospital de referencia a nivel nacional.
Introduction: Diseases ofotolaryngology (ENT) origin have a high prevalence in primary health care, however, the epidemiological information on hospitalized patients is almost null. Aim: To obtain demographic and disease prevalence information in hospitalized patients of the ENT Department at the Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (HCUCh). Material and method: A descriptive and retrospective study, was carried out at the ENT department of the HCUCh, reviewing existing records of diagnostic related groups (GRD) for discharges between 2007 and 2014. Results: We review a total of 7353 discharges, with an average age of patients of 28.24 years. The most frequent cause of hospitalization was pharynx pathology. An 87.88% of discharges had surgery performed, where tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy reached 15,7% of the total. Conclusion: This study provides us with epidemiological information on patients hospitalized in an ENT department in a nationwide referral hospital.

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Comparación de las amplitudes y latencias de la onda V del potencial evocado auditivo de tronco cerebral obtenidas a través de estímulos clic y CE-Chirp®

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Introducción: El potencial evocado auditivo de tronco cerebral (PEATC) se ha convertido en un procedimiento estándar dentro de la evaluación audiológica. Durante décadas, el estímulo más utilizado ha sido el clic, sin embargo, últimamente se ha propuesto la utilización de estímulos de frecuencia modulada (chirp) para obtener resultados más eficientes. Objetivo: Comparar las amplitudes y las latencias de la onda V del PEATC obtenidas a través de estímulos clic y CE-Chirp® a distintas intensidades. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal y descriptivo en 17 sujetos a los que se evaluó con un PEATC utilizando estímulos clic y CE-Chirp®. Resultados: Se obtuvieron mayores amplitudes de onda Vpara estímulos CE-Chirp® que para clic, en todas las intensidades evaluadas (80, 60, 40,30 y 20 dBnHL). Se obtuvieron menores latencias en la onda Vpara estímulos CE-Chirp® solo a 80 y 60 dBnHL, mientras que en el resto de las intensidades se obtuvo menores latencias con estímulos clic. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias significativas entre las latencias y amplitudes de la onda V obtenidas con estímulos clic y CE-Chirp®. Mientras los estímulos CE-Chirp® aportan en rapidez en el examen y en la búsqueda del umbral electrofisiológico más preciso, los estímulos clic serían los adecuados al momento de realizar un estudio de topodiagnóstico.
Introduction: The auditory brainstem response (ABR) has become a standard procedure in the audiological evaluation. For decades the most widely used stimulus was the click, but recently the use of chirp stimulus has been proposed for obtain more efficient results. Aim: To compare the amplitudes and latencies of wave V of ABR obtained through click and CE-Chirp® stimuli at different intensities. Material and method: A quantitative, not experimental, transversal and descriptive study was conducted with 17 subjects who were evaluated with ABR using click and CE-Chirp® stimuli. Results: Wave V larger amplitudes were verified for stimulus CE-Chirp®, in all the evaluated intensities (80, 60, 40, 30 and 20 dBnHL). Shorter latencies of wave V were obtained for CE-Chirp® stimuli only at 80 and 60 dBnHL, while it was found that the remaining intensities showed lower latencies with click stimuli. Conclusions: There are significant differences between latencies and amplitudes of the wave V obtained with CE-Chirp® and click stimuli. While the CE-Chirp® stimuli provides faster results for most accurate electrophysiological threshold, click stimuli would be appropriate to conduct site of the lesion testing.

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Experiencia clínica en tiroidectomía total del Servicio de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente

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Introducción: La tiroidectomía es una de las cirugías más frecuentes realizadas en cabeza y cuello. Existen escasos reportes de experiencia en tiroidectomías en servicios de otorrinolaringología en Chile. Objetivo: Analizar la experiencia clínica con las tiroidectomías totales realizadas en el Servicio de ORL y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello de nuestro hospital. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Revisión de fichas clínicas de pacientes sometidos a tiroidectomías totales (TT) entre los años 2010 y 2014 en nuestro servicio. Resultados: Se realizaron 271 tiroidectomías totales. La indicación más frecuente fue por tamaño (51%). Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron carcinomas papilares (46%) e hiperplasia folicularcoloidea (37%). Se presentaron lesiones transitorias del nervio laríngeo recurrente en 2,9%, y lesiones persistentes en 2,5%. Hipocalcemia transitoria se presentó en el 25% de los pacientes. Discusión: Nuestra serie presenta resultados concordantes con la literatura, presenta una baja tasa de complicaciones, las cuales se observan principalmente en pacientes con vaciamiento cervical y/o en que se observaron 2 o menos paratiroides. Conclusiones: La tiroidectomía total es una técnica quirúrgica segura y nuestra experiencia presenta resultados concordantes a los publicados en la literatura internacional.
Introduction: Thyroidectomy is one of the most common surgeries performed in head and neck. There are few reports of experience in thyroidectomy in otolaryngology services in Chile. Aim: To analyze the clinical experience with total thyroidectomy performed in the service of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery of our hospital. Material and method: Retrospective descriptive study. Review of medical records of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy (TT) between 2010 and 2014 in our service records. Results: A total of 271 thyroidectomy were performed. The most frequent indication was size (51%). The most frequent diagnoses were papillary carcinomas (46%) and follicular colloid hyperplasia (37%). We found 2.5% of transient recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and 2.9% had persistent lesions. Transient hypocalcemia occurred in 25% of patients. Discussion: Our series shows good agreement with literature, it has a low rate of complications, which are mainly seen in patients with neck dissection and/or observed 2 or less parathyroid during surgery. Conclusions: Total thyroidectomy is a safe surgical technique, and our experience shows consistent results to those reported in international literature.

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Prácticas audiológicas en Chile: encuesta online para tecnólogos médicos mención otorrinolaringología

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Introducción: A nivel internacional existen diversas instituciones que sugieren los estándares mínimos para la realización de los procedimientos audiológicos. Esto tiene como objetivo asegurar la calidad de las evaluaciones auditivas. Esto resulta de importancia en Chile debido a la implementación de programas de salud auditiva en el marco de las garantías explicitas de salud (GES). Objetivo: Documentar las prácticas comunes dentro de Tecnólogo Médico c/m Otorrinolaringología con la finalidad de obtener información para la creación y desarrollo de protocolos estandarizados para la evaluación audiológica. Material y método: Se aplicó un cuestionario de 38 preguntas distribuido a partir de una plataforma online a través de redes sociales y por correo electrónico a los socios de la Sociedad Chilena de Audiología y Otoneurología. Resultados: Se analizaron 121 encuestas finalizadas. Sobre el 70% de los encuestados que ejerce en la zona central. Procedimientos como audiometría de tonos puros, impedanciometría y logoaudiometría son frecuentemente realizados dentro de los encuestados. Estos procedimientos son realizados de acuerdo a lo sugerido dentro de estos profesionales. Conclusión: Existe una alta adherencia de las conductas sugeridas por instituciones internacionales para la realización de los procedimientos más comunes realizados en clínica por parte de los Tecnólogos Médicos c/m Otorrinolaringología.
Introduction: Internationally several institutions suggest minimum standards for the conduct of audiological procedures. This aims to ensure the quality of auditory assessments. This is of importance in Chile due to the implementation of hearing programs under the Explicit Health Guarantees (EHG). Aim: To document common audiological practices of Medical Technologist in order to development standardized protocols for audiological assessment. Material and method: An online-based questionnaire with 38 questions was provided through social networks and by email to members of the Chilean Society of Audiology and Otoneurology. Results: One hundred and twenty one completed surveys were analysed. About 70% of respondents work in the central region of Chile. Procedures such as pure audiometry, tympanometry and speech audiometry were frequently performed by respondents. Respondents followed international guidelines. Conclusion: There is a high adherence to international recommendations when conducting the most common procedures performed in audiology clinics in Chile by the Medical Technologists who responded to the survey.

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Tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo de cavidad nasal

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Los tumores neuroectodérmicos primitivos son tumores muy infrecuentes. Derivan de células embrionarias de la cresta neural, y comparten características con los sarcoma de Ewing extraóseos. Se presentan habitualmente en niños y adultos jóvenes, su ubicación más frecuente es en la región toracopulmonar, abdomen y extremidades. Son tumores que presentan una agresividad importante, lo que condiciona un pronóstico sombrío. La ubicación en fosas nasales-cavidades perinasales es anecdótica, existiendo el reporte de tan sólo un caso en la literatura mundial de ubicación en cavidad nasal.
Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are rare malignancies arising from embryonic neural crest cells. They share characteristics with extraosseous Ewing sarcoma. They usually occur in children and young adults and the most common location is the thoracopulmonary region, abdomen and extremities. These tumors have significant aggressiveness, which determines their poor prognosis. The location in nasal fossa-paranasal cavities is anecdotal. Until now only one previous case has been reported in the located in the nasal fossa.

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Glomangiopericitoma: Reporte de un caso

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El glomangiopericitoma es un tumor nasosinusal extremadamente raro, más frecuente en pacientes de edad avanzada y en mujeres. Si bien su etiopatogenia es desconocida, se reconocen ciertos factores predisponentes tales como hipertensión arterial, embarazo, trauma y uso de corticoides. Para su diagnóstico, resulta necesario recurrir tanto a estudio por imágenes como a la histología y técnicas de inmunohistoquímica. Microscópicamente se caracteriza por un prominente crecimiento perivascular de células uniformes ovales o fusiformes, dispuestas en fascículos cortos intercalados con capilares de diámetros variables ramificados en "asta de ciervo" y presenta inmuno-rreactividad positiva para actina, factor XIII-A y vimentina principalmente. Clínicamente este tumor presenta un comportamiento generalmente benigno, pero con una elevada tasa de recurrencia. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 71 años, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, que acudió a nuestro centro por rinorrea purulenta y epistaxis unilateral derecha de 5 años de evolución. Al examen se observa masa polipoidea en fosa nasal derecha con abundante vascularización, sin otros hallazgos al examen físico. La lesión es resecada en su totalidad mediante cirugía endoscópica. El estudio histológico e inmunohistoquímico son compatibles con glomangiopericitoma. La paciente evoluciona con remisión de su sintomatología y a los dos meses desde la resección no ha presentado evidencias de recurrencia.
Glomangiopericytoma is an extremely rare sinonasal tumor, more common among elderly and women. Although its etiology and pathogeny are unknown, there are certain predisposing factors, such as arterial hypertension, pregnancy, trauma and corticosteroids. To diagnose this tumor, it is necessary imaging, histopathologic and inmunohistochemical studies. At the microscopic study, it is characterized by a prominent perivascular growth of oval-shaped or fusiform cells, arranged in short fascicles separated by capillary vessels of variable diameters, with staghorn-like ramifications, and lmmunohistochemistry positive mainly for actin, XIII-A factor and vimentin. Clinically, this tumor has a generally benign behavior, but with high recurrence percentage. We present the case of a 71 years old woman, with history of hypertension, who present in our center with a 5 years history of purulent rhinorrhea and right unilateral epistaxis, at the physical exam there is a polypoid mass in the right nasal fossa with rich vascularization, with no other findings. This tumor was resected entirely with endoscopic surgery. Histology and immunohistochemistry were compatible witch gomangiopericytoma. The patient evolve with remission of her symptoms and with no signs of recurrence at two-month follow-up.

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Plasmocitoma extramedular del tabique nasal: Reporte de un caso y revisión bibliográfica

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Los plasmocitomas son tumores malignos caracterizados por proliferación anormal de células plasmáticas monoclonales. Éstos pueden originarse tanto en hueso como en tejidos blandos, denominados plasmocitomas óseos solitarios y plasmocitomas extra-medulares (PEM), respectivamente. Estos últimos representan menos del 1% de toda la patología maligna de cabeza y cuello, sin embargo, el reporte de estos casos resulta provechoso frente a la poca casuística al respecto. Presentamos el caso de plasmocitoma extramedular del septo nasal en un varón de 74 años con dificultad respiratoria nasal progresiva y frecuente epistaxis del lado izquierdo. A la especuloscopía nasal se observó en el vestíbulo una elevación tumoral de superficie lisa, grisácea, sésil. La biopsia mostró que era un plasmocitoma. Estudios posteriores descartaron la presencia de mieloma múltiple. Esto confirmó el diagnóstico de PEM. La masa fue completamente disecada, se indicó radioterapia y el paciente no tuvo adherencia al tratamiento. Sobre el mismo lecho al año siguiente reaparece lesión de similares características. Conclusión: Plasmocitoma extramedular del tabique nasal es una entidad rara, de una larga historia natural y que representa un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico. Dependiendo de la resecabilidad de la lesión, la terapia combinada mediante cirugía y radioterapia es el tratamiento de elección.
Plasmacytomas are malignant tumors characterized by abnormal proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells. They may originate in bone and soft tissue , called solitary bone plasmacytoma and extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) respectively. The latter represents less than 1% of all malignant disease of the head and neck, however, the report of these cases it is useful to cope with the shallow casuistics thereon. We report a case of EMP of the nasal septum in a man of 74 years with progressive nasal breathing difficulties and frequent epistaxis on the left side. A nasal speculoscopy was observed in tumor lift lobby smooth, gray, sessile surface. The biopsy showed it was a plasmacytoma. Subsequent studies reject the presence of multiple myeloma. This confirmed the diagnosis of EMP. The mass was completely dissected, radiation therapy is indicated and the patient had no adherence. Upon the same place a similar injury returns. Conclusion: Septum extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare entity of a long natural history and represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Depending on the resectability of the lesion, combination therapy with surgery and radiation therapy is the treatment of choice.

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Presencia de la celdilla supra-órbito-etmoidal: Revisión de la literatura a partir de un caso

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La celdilla supra-órbito-etmoidal es una variación anatómica que se presenta con diferente frecuencia para las distintas poblaciones. Representa un desafío al realizar cirugía endoscópica funcional del seno frontal debido a que su presencia dificulta el drenaje adecuado del receso del frontal mismo y puede ser confundida con el seno. La celdilla supra-órbito-etmoidal presenta relaciones espaciales constantes con la arteria etmoidal anterior, sirviendo como marcador anatómico confiable para el abordaje quirúrgico. Se destaca la importancia de considerar la presencia de tabiques óseos en el seno frontal en el estudio imagenológico que puedan sugerir la presencia de la celdilla supra-órbito-etmoidal. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente que consulta por proptosis del ojo derecho debido a un proceso expansivo por mucocele localizado en dicha variante anatómica.
The supraorbital ethmoid cell its an anatomical variation with different frecuency for diverse populations. It represents a challenge for the endoscopical functional :surgery of the frontal sinus. The supraorbital ethmoid cell presents an estable anatomical relationship with the anterior ethmoidal artery, serving as a dependable anatomical marker for the surgical approach. We stand out the importance to consider the presence of bony septations in the frontal sinus that might suggest the presence of the supraorbital ethmoid cell. We introduce a clinical case from a patient who had an expansive process from a mucocele in the supraorbital ethmoid cell.

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Rinosporidiosis nasal: Reporte de un nuevo caso y revisión de la literatura

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La rinosporidiosis es una enfermedad granulomatosa rara producida por el microorganismo Rhinosporidium seeberi. A pesar de ser considerada una infección endémica en algunas zonas de Asia, en nuestro país es una enfermedad extremadamente rara. Se presenta el caso clínico de un escolar de 10 años que consulta por aumento de volumen en fosa nasal izquierda de 1 mes de evolución, de crecimiento progresivo, con epistaxis autolimitada, presentando al examen físico una lesión polipoídea, en la cual, no existiendo sospecha previa, se determinó mediante histopatología la presencia de rinosporidio-sis. Se discute la epidemiología de la enfermedad, sus mecanismos de diseminación, alternativas de tratamiento y principales complicaciones.
Rhinosporidiosis is a rare granulomatous disease produced by the microorganism Rhinosporidium seeberi. Despite being considered an endemic infection in some areas of Asia, in our country it is an extremely rare disease. We present the case of a 10 year-old boy who consult for increased volumen in the left nostril of 1 month evolution, with progressive growth, self-limited epistaxis, and a physical examination with a polypoid lesion, in which there were no prior suspicion, histopathology determined the presence of rhinosporidiosis. Epidemiology of the disease, its dissemination mechanisms, treatment options and major complications are discussed.

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Tumor fibroso solitario de la glándula tiroides con extensión intratorácica

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El tumor fibroso solitario (TFS) es una neoplasia mesenquimal de células fusiformes infrecuente descrita inicialmente en la pleura pero con localización reconocida en otros sitios. El TFS de la glándula tiroides (TFST) es aun más raro. Se describe el caso de una mujer de 65 años de edad, con masa cervical de crecimiento progresivo, a tal punto que ya la masa se hacía notable en parte inferior de su cuello, siendo este el único síntoma narrado. La paciente presentaba una gran masa tiroidea en el lóbulo derecho con extensión intratorácica. Se practicó hemitiroidectomia derecha (paciente tenia historia previa de resección del lóbulo tiroideo izquierdo por lesión benigna) Total, además de toracotomía endoscópica por la extensión de la masa la cual en la tomografía contrastada, se originaba en el lóbulo tiroideo derecho y descendía paralelo a la columna dorsal desplazando a la tráquea y el esófago. La patología reportó un tumor de 15 centímetros, con células fusiformes y patrón de crecimiento hemangiopericítico sin pleomorfismo, atipia, mitosis o necrosis. Luego de practicar diferentes estudios y marcadores tumorales, de todos estudios fueron positivos CD34, Bcl2, CD99 y vimentina. Se diagnosticó tumor fibroso solitario de glándula tiroides. El nervio vago derecho fue lesionado en la cirugía, actualmente está en terapia de voz. Al momento actual casi seis meses luego de su cirugía, no se documenta recidiva tumoral.
Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm initially described as spindle cells in the pleura but recognized location elsewhere. The TFS thyroid gland (TFST) even infrequent. A case of a 65 years old woman with progressive growth of a right cervical mass without associated symptoms described other than cosmesis is described . The patient had a thyroid mass in the right lobe with intrathoracic extension. A right Hemi thyroidectomy and thoracotomy for the extent of the mass was performed. Pathology reported a 15 cm tumor with spindle cell and growth pattern hemangiopericitic without pleomorphism, atypia, mitosis or necrosis. Immunohistochemistry was positive for CD34, Bcl-2, CD99 and vimentin, making the diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor of thyroid gland. The patient's right Vagus nerve was injured intraoperatively and she is currently under voice therapy. Currently now, almost six months after her surgery she is free of disease.

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Traqueostoma persistente: Cierre con colgajo invertido. Reporte de tres casos clínicos y revisión de la literatura

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El traqueostoma persistente es la complicación tardía más frecuente asociada al uso de traqueostomía. Se reportan tres casos de pacientes que se les realizó un cierre exitoso del traqueostoma persistente mediante técnica de cierre primario por planos con colgajo invertido. Las ventajas del método utilizado son que representa una alternativa simple, susceptible de realizar con anestesia local y de manera ambulatoria, con excelentes resultados estéticos, mejorando significativamente la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.
Persistent tracheostoma is the most common late complication associated with the use of tracheostomy. We report three cases in which patients underwent a successful closure of persistent tracheostoma using primary closure in layers with inverted flap technique. The advantages of this method are that it represents a simple alternative and is able to be performed under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis, with excellent aesthetic results, significantly improving the quality of life of these patients.

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Anatomía, fisiología y rol clínico de la corteza vestibular

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El sistema vestibular, mediante sus órganos periféricos, nos permite procesar correctamente los cambios de aceleración angular de la cabeza y lineal del cuerpo y así permitirnos una correcta orientación en el espacio. Esta información sensorial es dirigida hacia los núcleos vestibulares y desde aquí se comunica con los núcleos óculo-motores y estructuras del tálamo a través de tractos ascendentes del tronco encefálico. Posteriormente la información se dirige hacia centros subcorticales y corticales de naturaleza eminentemente multisensorial. La naturaleza y función de estas estructuras es controversial. En esta revisión se abordan los principales conceptos y descubrimientos a nivel de investigación básica y clínica del procesamiento cortical generado por estimulación de tipo vestibular.
The vestibular system, thanks to its peripheral organs, allows us to properly process the angular head movements and linear acceleration in order to give us a proper orientation in space. The information from these sensory inputs is routed to the vestibular nuclei and thence ascending tracts of the brainstem, which communicate with the oculomotor nuclei of the thalamus and structures. Then the information goes to subcortical and cortical centers, which are eminently multisensory nature. The nature and function of these structures are controversial. In this review the main concepts and discoveries at the level of basic and clinical research generated cortical processing of vestibular stimulation are addressed.

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Carcinoma basocelular metastásico

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El carcinoma basocelular es la neoplasia con mayor incidencia a nivel mundial. Es de crecimiento lento y localmente agresiva pero posee un potencial metastásico extremadamente bajo, que se estima entre 0,0028% y 0,5%. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la experiencia de una institución con el manejo de esta enfermedad metastásica. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los pacientes con carcinoma basocelular metastásico tratados en el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, entre julio 2004 y julio 2015. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura. Se evidenciaron 3 casos con esta enfermedad poco habitual en un plazo de 11 años. Un paciente falleció a los 42 meses de seguimiento. Hay 2 pacientes aún en control, uno de ellos lleva 29 meses de seguimiento y actualmente tiene enfermedad metastásica pulmonar, y el último paciente lleva 92 meses de seguimiento libre de enfermedad. El carcinoma basocelular metastásico, es una entidad poco frecuente por lo que todos los que nos vemos involucrado en su manejo debemos mantenernos alerta para una pesquisa oportuna. La cirugía asociada a la radioterapia siguen siendo los pilares del tratamiento. Esta patología debiera manejarse en centros de referencia a nivel nacional.
Basal cell carcinoma is the most frequent neoplasm worldwide. It's a slow growing and locally aggressive tumor, but it has a metastatic potential estimated between 0,0028 and 0,5%. The purpose of this study is to show the experience of a center in the management of this metastatic disease. Descriptive retrospective study of patients with metastatic basal cell carcinoma treated at the Instituto nacional del cancer from July2004 to July 2015. A revision of the literature was also made. 3 cases with this unusual disease during an 11 years period. The first one died at 42 months of follow up. There are 2 patients on follow up, 1 of them has lung metastatic disease after 29 months of follow up, and the last one is free of disease with 92 months of follow up. Metastatic basal cell carcinoma is an unusual entity, thus everyone that is involved in it's treatment, must be aware of this in order to do an early diagnosis. Surgery associated to radiotherapy are the mainstays of treatment. This disease should be managed on national referral centers.

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Enmascaramiento clínico: Una revisión de la literatura

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Son diversos los métodos planteados para aplicar enmascaramiento, de esta forma es necesario revisar la literatura en búsqueda de consenso. Se revisaron críticamente los métodos utilizados y recomendados por la literatura y sociedades internacionales, en torno a la aplicación de enmascaramiento. Se consultó entre agosto y noviembre de 2015 en PUBMED, SciELO y Google Scholar por estudios acerca de métodos de enmascaramiento utilizados en audiometría. También se revisaron las guías de organizaciones internacionales y lo publicado en libros relacionados con el área de audiología. El método de "La Meseta" es el más referenciado, siendo modificado posteriormente. Existen variaciones en criterios de atenuación interaural, necesidad de enmascaramiento, enmascaramiento inicial, incrementos para obtener la meseta y niveles del efecto de oclusión. Se concluye que la literatura muestra diferencias al momento de decidir cuándo enmascarar y cómo hacerlo. No obstante, se puede establecer criterios comunes en relación a los niveles de atenuación interaural, cuándo enmascarar, valores de efecto de oclusión y metodología. El método de "La Meseta" sigue siendo el más recomendado. La modificación realizada por Yacullo es la más referenciada y recomendada en la literatura actual.
Adequate use of masking is key in the correct diagnosis of hearing loss. Various methods are suggested regarding the application of clinical masking, hence the need to review literature in order to reach a consensus. To critically review the specialized literature and international societies' recommendations regarding clinical masking. From August to November 2015, PUBMED, SciELO and Google Scholar articles on clinical masking methods used in tonal audiometries were consulted, as well as international organization guidelines, and literature in the area of Audiology. Hood's plateau method, later revised, received the most references. The modified versions consider the number of increments needed to determine the true threshold, and the occlusion effect. Optimized methods show the variations regarding interaural attenuation, need for masking, initial masking level, increments to reach "The Plateau", and the occlusion effect. Literature shows differences regarding when and how to use masking; however, common criteria can be established with reference to the levels of interaural attenuation, when to use masking, occlusion effect values and methodology. The plateau method proposed by Hood is still the most recommended. Yacullo's optimization is currently the one with the most references and recommendations in specialized literature.

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MYT1L mutation in a patient causes intellectual disability and early onset of obesity: a case report and review of the literature

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print


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The effect of therapy on plasma ghrelin and leptin levels, and appetite in children with iron deficiency anemia

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print


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A mnemonic to assist patients with topical steroid application



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Corrigendum to Objective volumetric grading of postacne scarring J Am Acad Dermatol Volume 75 (2016) 229–231



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Sonolocation during submandibular sialolithotomy

Objectives/Hypothesis

Ultrasound is a proven tool for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes for treatment of salivary gland pathology. It is also useful for localization of calculi during submandibular gland transoral sialolithotomy when calculi cannot easily be palpated. Our objective was to determine the efficacy of sialolith localization using ultrasound during submandibular gland sialolithotomy.

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Methods

A study performed utilizing data compiled from 2009 through 2016 in a tertiary academic center. Treatment was completed in 164 patients with sialadenitis and sialolithiasis by submandibular gland transoral sialolithotomy in either the office (81%) or the operating room (19%). Ultrasound was used for localization of sialoliths during submandibular gland sialolithotomy. Main treatment outcomes studied were success of the procedure, complications, and follow‐up.

Results

Successful sialolithotomy was performed in (147 patients) 90% of cases. Complications were minimal and included stricture formation, which occurred in 3% (five patients) of cases, followed by ranula formation in 1.8% (three patients) of cases. There were no incidences of lingual nerve injury.

Conclusions

Ultrasound can be used effectively for precise sialolith localization intraoperatively.

Level of Evidence

4

Laryngoscope, 2019



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Prognostic indicators of survival in sinonasal extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma

Objectives

Extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a highly aggressive tumor of the sinonasal tract associated with poor overall survival (OS). This study expands upon epidemiologic, prognostic, and treatment factors for OS and disease‐specific survival (DSS), incorporating newly accessible chemotherapy data.

Methods

Retrospective population‐based cohort study performed on cases of sinonasal ENKTL identified through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Univariate Kaplan‐Meier analysis and subsequent multivariate Cox‐regression analysis were performed to evaluate prognostic and treatment variables for OS and DSS.

Results

Four hundred and sixty cases of sinonasal ENKTL were identified. Five‐year OS and DSS were 46% and 56%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, higher Ann Arbor stage was associated with worse OS (P < 0.001) and DSS (P < 0.001), whereas administration of radiotherapy was associated with improved OS (P < 0.001) and DSS (P = 0.001). Additionally, a higher age at diagnosis was associated with reduced OS (P = 0.024). Chemotherapy was associated with improved OS (P < .01) and DSS (P = .04) for Ann Arbor stage I disease. Surgery was not associated with improved survival.

Conclusion

This represents the first study to investigate the use of chemotherapy for the treatment of sinonasal ENKTL using population‐based analysis. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy significantly improve survival in all Ann Arbor stage patients and early‐stage patients, respectively. Early‐stage disease is significantly associated with improved survival. With no established treatment regimen for sinonasal ENKTL, these findings suggest combination chemoradiation is an effective therapy for prolonged survival, especially in early stages of disease.

Level of Evidence

3.

Laryngoscope, 2019



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Rapid Onset of Effect of Benralizumab on Morning Peak Expiratory Flow in Severe, Uncontrolled Asthma

Benralizumab (Fasenra™) is an interleukin (IL)-5 receptor alpha–directed cytolytic monoclonal antibody that induces direct, rapid, and nearly complete depletion of eosinophils in the circulation.1 Benralizumab is approved for use in Canada, Europe, Japan, and the United States.2–5 In the United States, it is indicated for the add-on maintenance treatment of patients with severe asthma aged 12 years and older with an eosinophilic phenotype.2 In the SIROCCO (NCT01928771) and CALIMA (NCT01914757) Phase III clinical trials, benralizumab treatment significantly reduced asthma exacerbations, increased lung function, and improved asthma symptoms in patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma and baseline blood eosinophil counts ≥300 cells/μL.

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Speech intelligibility in patients with oral cancer: An objective baseline evaluation of pretreatment function and impairment

Abstract

Background

This study seeks to identify those factors that influence the pre‐therapeutic speech intelligibility in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Method

A group of 172 patients (125 males, 47 females, mean age = 61 ± 11 a) with different OSCC stages ranging from T1 to T4 and N0 to N2 was examined for their speech intelligibility using a computerized measuring tool, and compared to a healthy reference group (30 males, 10 females, mean age = 59 ± 12 a).

Results

It was found that the pre‐therapeutic speech intelligibility in patients with OSCC is decreased when compared to a healthy collective. Two demographic factors that influence speech intelligibility could be identified: sex and age. It was determined that the only disease‐related factor that influences speech intelligibility before therapy is the location of the tumor.

Conclusion

The results of this study reveal that a preoperative speech intelligibility impairment in patients suffering from OSCC occurs independent of tumor stage, size of the tumor and infiltration status.



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Adding clarity to the historical evolution of the selective neck dissection



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Monitoring of respiratory resistance in the diagnosis of mild‐intermittent asthma

Abstract

The evidence of significant variability in lung function is required to confirm the clinical diagnosis of asthma [1]. This is commonly obtained in laboratory settings by bronchoreversibility or bronchoprovocation testing. Because the hallmark of asthma is the variability of symptoms, a more clinically relevant method to confirm the diagnosis should be by revealing an increase of spontaneous variability in lung function [1].

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The complex role of mast cells in fungal infections

Abstract

In addition to their critical role in allergic disorders, mast cells (MCs) are well recognized for their protective effector functions during bacteria and parasite infections. This review describes recent advancements of our understanding of the complex role of MCs in fungal infections. Specifically, we outline key features of the contribution of MCs to infections with six fungal pathogens, namelySporothrix, Paracoccidioides, Aspergillus, Malassezia,Candida andDermatophytes. Evidence from studies of these pathogens suggests that MCs can function as positive regulators that detect and contain fungi at the site of infection. However, it appears that the inflammation induced by MCs following fungal infections may not always and only be beneficial to the host. MC responses during fungal infections may primarily benefit the pathogen by facilitating its spreading and contributing to a greater severity of fungal infections.This review also highlights key drivers of MCs activation and effector mechanisms that have been identified for the multidimensional function of MCs in fungal diseases and in allergic diseases combined with fungal infection.

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Differential expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated melanocytes from lightly and darkly pigmented skin

Abstract

Increasing evidence suggests that human epidermal melanocytes play an important role in the skin immune system, however, a role of their pigmentation in immune and inflammatory responses is poorly examined. In the study expression of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by cultured normal melanocytes derived from lightly and darkly pigmented skin was investigated after cell stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The basal TLR4 mRNA level in heavily pigmented cells was higher as compared to their lightly pigmented counterparts. Melanocyte exposure to LPS upregulated the expression of TLR4 mRNA and enhanced the DNA‐binding activity of NF‐κB p50 and p65. We found substantial differences in the LPS‐stimulated expression of numerous genes encoding inflammatory cytokines and chemokines between the cells with various melanin contents. In lightly pigmented melanocytes the most significantly upregulated genes were nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT/visfatin), the chemokines CCL2 and CCL20, and IL6, while the genes for CXCL12, IL‐16 and the chemokine receptor CCR4 were the most significantly upregulated in heavily pigmented cells. Moreover, the lightly pigmented melanocytes secreted much more NAMPT, CCL2 and IL‐6. The results of our study suggest modulatory effect of melanogenesis on the immune properties of normal epidermal melanocytes.

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A multiscale hybrid mathematical model of epidermal‐dermal interactions during skin wound healing

Abstract

Following injury, skin activates a complex wound healing program. While cellular and signaling mechanisms of wound repair have been extensively studied, the principles of epidermal‐dermal interactions and their effects on wound healing outcomes are only partially understood. To gain new insight into the effects of epidermal‐dermal interactions, we developed a multiscale, hybrid mathematical model of skin wound healing. The model takes into consideration interactions between epidermis and dermis across the basement membrane via diffusible signals, defined as activator and inhibitor. Simulations revealed that epidermal‐dermal interactions are critical for proper extracellular matrix deposition in the dermis, suggesting these signals may influence how wound scars form. Our model makes several theoretical predictions. First, basal levels of epidermal activator and inhibitor help to maintain dermis in a steady‐state, whereas their absence results in a raised, scar‐like dermal phenotype. Second, wound‐triggered increase in activator and inhibitor production by basal epidermal cells, coupled with fast re‐epithelialization kinetics reduce dermal scar size. Third, high density fibrin clot leads to a raised, hypertrophic scar phenotype, whereas low density fibrin clot leads to a hypotrophic phenotype. Fourth, shallow wounds, compared to deep wounds, result in overall reduced scarring. Taken together, our model predicts the important role of signaling across dermal‐epidermal interface and the effect of fibrin clot density and wound geometry on scar formation. This hybrid modeling approach may be also applicable to other complex tissue systems, enabling the simulation of dynamic processes, otherwise computationally prohibitive with fully discrete models due to a large number of variables.

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Primary prevention of keratinocyte carcinoma among outdoor workers, the general population and medical professionals: a systematic review updated for 2019

Abstract

Worldwide 2 to 3 million cases of keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) are diagnosed annually. Sun‐related knowledge is essential for adequate protection against solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), the main risk factor for KC. The goal was (i) to provide an updated overview of primary prevention against KC including skin cancer‐related knowledge, attitudes and sun protection behaviour (SPB) of outdoor workers, the general population and medical professionals as well as (ii) to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of sun‐protection programmes. We conducted a systematic review of articles indexed for MEDLINE on PubMed using selected MeSH terms and keywords related to the studied topic as well as an extensive hand search of publications between January 1st, 2012 and December 31st, 2018. We identified 51 relevant cross‐sectional studies and 22 interventional studies. Sun‐related knowledge and attitude showed substantial differences with some alarming results, including people who had not even heard about skin cancer before. Reported SPB varied enormously between the included studies, with none of the studies providing an overall sufficient SPB in their examined sun protection measures. However, sun‐protection programmes using new technologies seem to have great potential to increase sun‐related knowledge and SPB. In countries worldwide, particularly in those where KC is not yet a public health issue, UVR protection should be promoted by health care institutions and authorities, politicians, cancer foundations and dermatologists to increase awareness as well as SPB and to decrease the worldwide burden of KC.

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Skin cancer prevention: a review of current topical options complementary to sunscreens

Abstract

The incidence of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is dramatically increasing worldwide, despite the increased use of improved sunscreens. In 2014, the Surgeon General estimated that 2.2 to 5.0 million people were treated annually for NMSC. As the number of newly diagnosed skin cancers continues to rise, there is a need for additional preventative measures beyond sunscreens. Several newer topical products that focus on boosting DNA repair, modulating DNA transcription, decreasing inflammation, and selectively targeting precancerous cells may play an important role in future skin cancer prevention.

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Zinc and atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Zinc plays a central role in skin integrity via barrier and immune mechanisms and may also be relevant in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, little is known about the relationship between zinc and AD. We performed a systematic review to determine 1) the association between zinc levels or zinc deficiency and AD and 2) the efficacy of oral zinc supplementation in the treatment of AD. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and article references for observational studies on zinc levels or zinc deficiency in participants with AD versus controls and for RCTs on zinc supplementation in AD. For observational studies, we calculated pooled standardised mean differences (SMDs) or odds ratios (ORs) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random effects model. We included 14 observational studies and 2 RCTs. The pooled SMD demonstrated significantly lower serum (SMD 0.66, 95% CI 0.21‐1.10, p=0.004), hair (SMD 0.95, 95% CI 0.38‐1.52, p=0.001) and erythrocyte (SMD 0.95, 95% CI 0.38‐1.52, p=0.001) zinc levels in participants with AD compared to controls. Pooled unadjusted data from 3 studies showed a non‐significant increased odds of AD in those with zinc deficiency compared with those without zinc deficiency (OR=1.50, 95% CI 0.71‐3.16, p=0.28). One RCT of oral zinc supplementation among AD patients with zinc deficiency showed improvement in extent and severity of AD, while another RCT among all AD patients showed no significant improvement. All the studies were of low or moderate quality. We conclude that low serum, hair, and erythrocyte zinc levels are associated with AD. However, the poor quality of included studies make interpretation of these results problematic. High quality observational studies are needed to confirm the association between low zinc levels and AD, and RCTs are required to evaluate the merit of zinc supplementation for the treatment or prevention of AD.

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Virulent Staphylococcus lugdunensis with limited genetic diversity in hidradenitis suppurativa lesions

Abstract

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurring painful, deep‐seated inflammatory nodules, abscesses, sinus tracts, and scarring in the intertriginous areas. Bacteria may be involved in the pathogenesis of HS via follicular dysbiosis in the initial stages, and via biofilm in chronic sinus tracts. Staphylococcus lugdunensis, a coagulase‐negative staphylococcus (CNS), has been cultured from hidradenitis suppurativa nodules and abscesses. This points towards a role of S. lugdunensis in the aggravation and secondary colonization of HS lesions.

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Ingenol mebutate‐mediated reduction of p53‐positive keratinocytes in skin cancerization field directly correlates with clinical response in patients with multiple actinic keratoses

Abstract

Background

UV radiation represents the main risk factor for Non Melanoma Skin Cancers (NMSC). Chronic UV exposure induces "p53 patches", i.e. clonal outgrowths of keratinocytes with high nuclear expression of mutated p53, which might progress to actinic keratosis (AK) and ultimately squamous cell carcinomas (SCC).

Aims

Analysis of Ingenol mebutate gel (150 and 500 mcg/g) effects in the reduction of "p53 patches" inside skin cancerization field (CF) in patients with multiple AKs of face/scalp or trunk/extremities, in order to investigate if the expected reduction of p53+ keratinocytes might have a direct role in the long‐term AK reduction in treated areas.

Results

We enrolled n=10 patients, treated with Ingenol mebutate and evaluated at 2 and 6 months after treatment. We observed clinical responses in the majority of patients (n=7), with AK reduction or complete clearance (n=6 and n=1, respectively). Notably, two patients did not respond to the treatment and in one patient, after initial partial response, new lesion were recorded. In untreated skin CF samples (n=3), we observed numerous p53+ keratinocytes, similar to those observed in invasive SCC samples (53.56±8.79 and 74.34±22.05, respectively; p=0.2). After treatment, we observed a variable p53+ keratinocytes reduction in CF samples at 2 months (24.67±31.19; p=0.19). Importantly, the amount of p53+ keratinocytes strongly and directly correlated with AK number (R2 =0.81).

Conclusion

Untreated skin CF expresses high level of p53+ keratinocytes as invasive SCC. Ingenol mebutate is able to reduce p53+ keratinocytes with variable efficacy, this reduction degree directly correlating with clinical efficacy.

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Epidemiology and prognostic factors for mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome in a multi‐ethnic Asian cohort: A 12‐year review

Summary

Background

Limited information exists regarding survival of Asian patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS).

Objective

To evaluate the epidemiology, outcome and prognostic factors of these patients.

Methods

A retrospective review of MF/SS cases diagnosed from 2000 to 2011 at a tertiary referral dermatology centre in Singapore was performed.

Results

Of 246 patients, 63% were male and the median age at diagnosis was 49 years. 73.2% were Chinese, 12.6% Indian, 6.9% Malay and 7.3% Caucasian. 239 patients (97.2%) had MF and 7 had SS. Median follow‐up duration was 6.3 years and median duration of symptoms at diagnosis was 13 months. For patients with MF, the majority had early disease (92.8% stage IA‐IIA). 3.8% were stage IIB, 1.7% stage III and 1.7% stage IV. Complete response to treatment occurred in 78.2%, partial response in 9.6%, persistent but non‐progressive disease in 10.0% and disease progression in 4.1% of patients. Large cell transformation occurred in 4.1% of patients. Mean overall survival during this study was 12.7 years, with death occurring in 2.5% of patients (all ≥ stage IIB at diagnosis). For patients with SS, 71.4% presented with stage IVA disease, 28.6% stage IVB. Complete response to treatment occurred in 14.2%, persistent but non‐progressive disease in 28.6% and disease progression in 57.2% of patients. Mean overall survival was 3.3 years within this study, with death occurring in 42.9% of SS patients. Prognostic factors associated with favourable recurrence‐free survival were male gender (p = 0.008), early disease stage (T1) at diagnosis (p < 0.001) and absence of maintenance treatment after remission (p = 0.01).

Conclusion

Compared to Caucasian and East Asian cohorts, MF in Southeast Asians was diagnosed at a younger age and associated with lower mortality, largely due to greater prevalence of hypopigmented MF.

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In this issue



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Generation of biodiesel from industrial wastewater using oleaginous yeast: performance and emission characteristics of microbial biodiesel and its blends on a compression injection diesel engine

Abstract

Microbial-derived biodiesel was tested on a lab scale CI diesel engine for carrying out exhaust emission and performance characteristics. The performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder four stroke fixed compression ratio engine when fueled with microbial bio-diesel and its 10–30% blends with diesel (on a volume basis) were investigated and compared with conventional diesel. The bio-diesel was obtained from microbes which were grown by combining distillery spent wash with lignocellulosic hydrolysate at nutrient deprived conditions. The microbes consumed the wastes and converted the high strength waste water into lipids, which were trans-esterified to form bio-diesel. Testing of microbial bio-diesel blends with ordinary diesel at different loading pressures and the emission characteristics were compared. Results indicate that with increasing of the blends, reduction of HC and CO emissions were observed, whilst brake thermal efficiency maxed out at 20% blending. Further increase of blends showed a tendency of increasing of both emissions in the exhaust stream. The Brake Specific Fuel consumption was observed to decline with blending until 20% and then increased. The nitrogen oxide emissions, however, were found to increase with increasing blend ratios and reached a maximum at 20% blend. The escalation of HC, CO, CO2, and NOx emissions was also observed at higher blending ratios and higher engine loads. The performance studies were able to show that out of the three blends of biodiesel, 20% biodiesel blend was able to deliver the best of reduced hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions, whilst also delivering the highest Brake thermal efficiency and the lowest Brake Specific Fuel consumption.



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Lifestyle and pregnancy complications in polycystic ovary syndrome: The SCOPE Cohort Study

Summary

Objectives

To investigate the risk of pregnancy complications in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome after consideration of lifestyle factors.

Design

Prospective cohort.

Patients and measurements

Participants (n=5628) were apparently healthy nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies from the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints study in New Zealand, Australia, United Kingdom and Ireland. Multivariable regression models were performed assessing the association of self‐reported polycystic ovary syndrome status with pregnancy complications with consideration of lifestyle factors at the 15th week of gestation.

Results

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (n=354) were older, had a higher socioeconomic index and body mass index and were less likely to consume alcohol and smoke but more likely to do vigorous exercise and take multivitamins. In univariable analysis polycystic ovary syndrome was associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes [OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2,

4.0]. In multivariable models, polycystic ovary syndrome was only significantly associated with decreased risk of large for gestational age [OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.98] with a population attributable risk of 0.22%. None of the other outcomes were attributable to polycystic ovary syndrome status.

Conclusions

Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with a lower risk of large for gestational age infants. In this low risk population, the risk of pregnancy complications was not increased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome who were following a healthy lifestyle. Further studies are warranted assessing the contribution of lifestyle factors to the risk of pregnancy complications in higher risk groups of women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome.

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Anti‐Müllerian hormone variability and its implications for the number of oocytes retrieved following individualized dosing with follitropin delta

summary

Objective

The stability of anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) across and between menstrual cycles has been the subject of debate. The objective of this analysis was to study the inter‐ and intra‐cycle variability in repeated measurements and assess the impact on an individualized gonadotropin dosing algorithm and predicted oocyte yield.

Design

Retrospective analysis of repeat AMH measures from a randomized controlled trial.

Patients

1326 women aged 18‐40 years.

Measurements

Serum AMH levels at screening and at cycle day 2‐3 in up to three ovarian stimulation cycles. AMH variability and its impact on gonadotropin dose and the predicted number of oocytes.

Results

Repeat serum AMH measurements were strongly correlated within individual women (correlation coefficient 0.92). AMH exhibited limited within‐subject variation (coefficient of variation 23%), a small time‐related decline (mean 6% decrease/year), but no systematic variation across the menstrual cycle. Irrespective of whether the AMH screening value or the AMH at the initiation of ovarian stimulation was used, for women with an AMH level <15 pmol/L, 93% would receive the same gonadotropin dose and attain an identical number of oocytes in 97% of cases. For women with an AMH level ≥15 pmol/L, 80% would receive an individualized dose within ±1.5 μg and 90% would attain ±1 oocyte.

Conclusion

AMH variability had limited impact on individualized gonadotropin dosing, with 95% of women predicted to obtain an oocyte yield that does not vary beyond 1 oocyte count, irrespective of whether a random or early follicular AMH measurement was used to determine the individualized gonadotropin dose.

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Management of laryngeal papillomatosis using coblation: another option of surgical intervention

Abstract

Purpose

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a disease caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). HPV is frequently localised in the larynx. The disease tends to recur and frequent intervention is usually required. Management modules include surgical intervention using microdebriders or laser ablation as well as adjuvant treatments which aim mainly at maintaining an adequate airway and secondly to manage dysphonia caused by the growth on the vocal folds. In this pilot study, another surgical modality is trialled using plasma-mediated radio-frequency ablation (coblation).

Methods

Retrospective study examining management of 15 adult patients diagnosed with recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis and surgically treated using coblation. One patient required multiple procedures. Pre-operative assessment in voice clinic evaluating voice quality and its impact on patients' life-quality using voice parameters and self-assessment questionnaires. Follow-up post-operatively using the same parameters from 4 to 6 weeks after surgery until up to 2 years later to check recurrence rate. No other adjuvant treatment was used and all patients received post-operative voice therapy.

Results

78.6% of patients did not show evidence of recurrence during the study period. Improvement in voice handicap following first intervention is reported and recurrence rate in the rest of the sample reported.

Conclusions

The results of this small sample seem to support the previous small studies' findings that coblation is a good excisional technique to use for removal of laryngeal papillomatosis. Recurrence rates seem to be slightly lower than rates reported in the literature for the other surgical modalities.

Level of evidence

IV.



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Snapshot of environmental condition in different tropical estuarine systems by using S. cucullata (an edible oyster) as bio-indicator

Abstract

Accumulation of toxic metals and indigenous bacteria in oyster, (Saccostrea cucullata) and their impact on antioxidant enzyme activities in the biological system was studied and used to provide snapshot of environmental condition in different tropical estuarine systems. The sedimentary Cd, Pb, and Hg concentration varied from 0.1 to 1.8, 22.0 to 98.0, and 0.03 to 0.11 mg kg−1 (dry wt.) respectively. The bioaccumulated Cd, Pb, and Hg concentration in the oysters ranged from 3.6 to 9.0, 0.03 to 8.0, and 0.06 to 0.1 mg kg−1 (dry wt.) respectively. In the oyster, the Cd concentration was well above the safe limit whereas the Pb and Hg concentrations were below the safe limit recommended by the European Commission (EC No. 1881/2006) for human consumption. The MPN value in the raw oyster for fecal coliforms (33–110 × 103/100 g) exceeded the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) approved limits. Increase in antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-s-transferase, and metallothionein) activities with increasing pollutants loading was observed. The activities of antioxidant enzymes in the oyster were found to be very useful tool for evaluating environmental condition in any tropical estuarine systems.



https://ift.tt/2H3pMRj

Combined effects of NaCl and fluoxetine on the freshwater planarian, Schmidtea mediterranea (Platyhelminthes: Dugesiidae)

Abstract

Increasing salinity levels in freshwaters due to natural and anthropogenic sources pose risk to exposed aquatic organisms. However, there is a paucity of information on how salinity may influence the effects of other chemical stressors especially psychiatric pharmaceuticals. Freshwater planarians which have been suggested as bioindicator species in aquatic habitats were used in this study to evaluate toxic effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) used here as a surrogate for increasing salinity, and its influence on the effects of the antidepressant, fluoxetine. Effects of NaCl on Schmidtea mediterranea were evaluated using survival, regeneration, locomotion, feeding, and reproduction as endpoints. Subsequently, combined effects of NaCl and fluoxetine on planarians' locomotion and reproduction were also evaluated. Result showed that exposure to increased NaCl concentrations is toxic to planarians with 48 and 96 h LC50 of 9.15 and 7.55 g NaCl L−1 respectively and exposure to sub-lethal concentrations led to reductions in feeding (LOEC of 0.75 g NaCl L−1 or 1906 μS cm−1 at 20 °C) and reproduction (LOEC 3.0 g NaCl L−1 or 5530 μS cm−1 at 20 °C), delayed head regeneration (LOEC of 1.5 g NaCl L−1 or 3210 μS cm−1 at 20 °C), and also slight decreases in locomotor activity. Moreover, some developmental malformations were observed in regenerating planarians, as well as delayed or inhibition of wound healing and degeneration after fissioning and during head regeneration. A significant interaction between fluoxetine and NaCl was observed for locomotor activity and unlike planarians exposed to fluoxetine alone, fissioned planarians and their pieces from the combined exposure treatments were also unable to regenerate missing portions. Results show that S. mediterranea can be highly sensitive to low NaCl concentrations and that this stressor can alter the effects of fluoxetine. The implication of these effects for planarian populations in the natural habitat is discussed as well as the need for more research on the effects of neuroactive pharmaceuticals under relevant exposure scenarios.



https://ift.tt/2tvXRBs

Safety and efficacy of multisession gamma knife radiosurgery for residual or recurrent pituitary adenomas

Abstract

Purpose

To define the efficacy and complications of multisession Gamma Knife radiosurgery (MGKRS) delivered in three consecutive sessions for the treatment of residual or recurrent pituitary adenomas (PAs).

Methods

This was a retrospective study of data from the Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Department at San Raffaele Hospital between May 2008 and September 2017. We recruited 47 consecutive patients undergoing MGKRS in three consecutive fractions for residual or recurrent PA with a distance from the anterior optic pathway inferior to 2–3 mm.

Results

Thirty-eight (80.8%) patients had a nonfunctioning-PA (NFPA) while 9 (19.2%) had a hormone-secreting PA (HSPA). Tumor control was achieved in 100% of patients. Tumor shrinkage was seen in 33 out of 44 (75.0%) patients with a radiological follow-up. Mean tumor volume before MGKRS was 3.93 cm3. The mean tumor volume at last follow-up was 2.11 cm3, with a mean tumor shrinkage of 50.2%, as compared with baseline. One case of suspected radiation-induced optic neuropathy (RION) was documented while new-onset hypopituitarism for any axis occurred in 12 of the 31 (38.7%) patients at risk. The mean follow-up was 44.6 ± 4.0 months (range, 6–111 months).

Conclusions

MGKRS is a valid alternative to external fractionated radiotherapy and other types of stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of PAs, achieving a high tumor control rate with a low risk of visual deterioration. Moreover, the majority of patients showed a significant reduction of tumor size in the long term.



https://ift.tt/2GYIBF5

Safety and efficacy of multisession gamma knife radiosurgery for residual or recurrent pituitary adenomas

Abstract

Purpose

To define the efficacy and complications of multisession Gamma Knife radiosurgery (MGKRS) delivered in three consecutive sessions for the treatment of residual or recurrent pituitary adenomas (PAs).

Methods

This was a retrospective study of data from the Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Department at San Raffaele Hospital between May 2008 and September 2017. We recruited 47 consecutive patients undergoing MGKRS in three consecutive fractions for residual or recurrent PA with a distance from the anterior optic pathway inferior to 2–3 mm.

Results

Thirty-eight (80.8%) patients had a nonfunctioning-PA (NFPA) while 9 (19.2%) had a hormone-secreting PA (HSPA). Tumor control was achieved in 100% of patients. Tumor shrinkage was seen in 33 out of 44 (75.0%) patients with a radiological follow-up. Mean tumor volume before MGKRS was 3.93 cm3. The mean tumor volume at last follow-up was 2.11 cm3, with a mean tumor shrinkage of 50.2%, as compared with baseline. One case of suspected radiation-induced optic neuropathy (RION) was documented while new-onset hypopituitarism for any axis occurred in 12 of the 31 (38.7%) patients at risk. The mean follow-up was 44.6 ± 4.0 months (range, 6–111 months).

Conclusions

MGKRS is a valid alternative to external fractionated radiotherapy and other types of stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of PAs, achieving a high tumor control rate with a low risk of visual deterioration. Moreover, the majority of patients showed a significant reduction of tumor size in the long term.



https://ift.tt/2GYIBF5

Utilization of high-fidelity simulation for medical student and resident education of allergic-immunologic emergencies

Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019

Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Author(s): Stephanie L. Mawhirt, Luz Fonacier, Marcella Aquino



https://ift.tt/2NmvbDW

Cockroach, Dust Mite, and Shrimp Sensitization Correlations in The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019

Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Author(s): Emily C. McGowan, Roger Peng, Päivi M. Salo, Darryl C. Zeldin, Corinne A. Keet



https://ift.tt/2NpqOrY

Retrospective Review of Insurance Coverage for Patch Testing

Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019

Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Author(s): Azam A. Qureshi, Olabola Awosika, Kamaria Nelson, Spencer Brodsky, Haijun Wang, Alison Ehrlich



https://ift.tt/2GFRjJ2

Perspective Pro Debate: To introduce solids early or not to introduce, this is the question.

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Author(s): Helen R. Fisher, Gideon Lack, George Du Toit



https://ift.tt/2GGEnT4

Refining Techniques in Eyebrow Transplantation

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Author(s): Chi-Feng Yen, Mei-Ching Lee, Yau-Li Huang



https://ift.tt/2Ep9y2T

Basal Cell Carcinoma: Additional Subtypes and Therapeutic Advances

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Author(s): Philip R. Cohen



https://ift.tt/2V9hY4a

Randomized Phase 3 Evaluation of Trifarotene 50 μG/G Cream Treatment Of Moderate Facial And Truncal ACNE

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Author(s): Jerry Tan, Diane Thiboutot, Georg Popp, Melinda Gooderham, Charles Lynde, James Del Rosso, Jonathan Weiss, Ulrike Blume-Peytavi, Jolanta Weglovska, Sandra Johnson, Lawrence Parish, Dagmara Witkowska, Nestor Sanchez Colon, Alessandra Alió Saenz, Faiz Ahmad, Michael Graeber, Linda Stein Gold

Abstract
Background

Acne vulgaris often affects the face, shoulders, chest, and back but treatment of non-facial acne has not been rigorously studied.

Objectives

Assess the safety/efficacy of trifarotene 50 μg/g cream, a novel topical retinoid, in moderate facial and truncal acne.

Methods

Two phase III double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled, 12-week studies of once-daily trifarotene cream vs vehicle in subjects aged ≥9 years. Primary endpoints were success rate on face Investigator Global Assessment (IGA, clear/almost clear and ≥2 grade improvement) and absolute change from baseline in inflammatory/non-inflammatory counts from baseline to week 12. Secondary endpoints were success rate on trunk (clear/almost clear and ≥2 grade improvement) and absolute change in truncal inflammatory/non-inflammatory counts from baseline to week 12. Safety was assessed through adverse events, local tolerability, vital signs, and routine laboratory testing.

Results

In both studies, at Week 12, facial (IGA) and truncal (PGA) success rates and change in inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesion counts (both absolute and %) were all highly significant (p<0.001) in favor of trifarotene compared to the vehicle.

Limitations

Adjunctive topical or systemic treatments were not studied.

Conclusion

These studies demonstrate that trifarotene appears to be safe, efficacious and well-tolerated in treatment of both facial and truncal acne.



https://ift.tt/2GGCTbK

Management of Acute Radiation Dermatitis: A Review of the Literature and Proposal for Treatment Algorithm

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Author(s): Amanda Rosenthal, Rachel Israilevich, Ronald Moy

Abstract

Radiation dermatitis is a common sequela of radiation therapy; up to 95% of patients will develop moderate-to-severe skin reactions. No gold-standard currently exists for the treatment of acute radiation-induced skin toxicity. It is, therefore, imperative to develop a greater understanding of management options available to allow clinicians to make informed decisions when managing radiation oncology patients. This literature review discusses the topical agents studied for the treatment of acute radiation dermatitis, reviews their mechanisms of action, and presents a treatment algorithm for clinicians managing patients suffering from radiation dermatitis.



https://ift.tt/2EqOCJ5

Anatomical and frequencies-specific hearing results of retrograde mastoidectomy

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology

Author(s): Emine Demir, Gorkem Atsal, Oben Yildirim, Filiz Gulustan, Abdullah Dalgic, Tolgahan Catli, Levent Olgun



https://ift.tt/2EqSqdj

Anesthesia and ventilation options for flex robotic assisted laryngopharyngeal surgery

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology

Author(s): Yosef Krespi, Victor Kizhner, Robert Koorn, Anthony Giordano

Abstract
Background

Transoral treatment of benign and malignant lesions of laryngopharynx has limitations in exposure and access, partially due to the endotracheal tube (ETT). With a proper airway control to tailor ventilation and maximize exposure, transoral Flex robotic surgery (FLEX), using its 3D camera and instruments, can expand its ability. Choosing the right ETT, including a novel concept of using jet ventilation (JV) in FLEX, and placement technique can allow augmentation of the advantages that robotic surgery offers.

Methods

Chart review of FLEX assisted procedures was performed. Attention was given to demographics, all events of airway manipulation and ventilation type, procedures performed and outcomes including adverse effects.

Results

Fifty-two patients underwent eighty procedures. The airway was manipulated sixty-four times to include 8 JV. All possible FLEX instruments including CO2 laser were used. Three novel possible indications for trans-oral robotic surgery including the feasibility of JV in FLEX procedures were shown.

Conclusions

Lesions of the tongue base, hypopharynx, larynx and trachea have the possibility to be managed with adequate exposure with minimal obstruction from ETT. Robotic HD camera permits both the surgeon and anesthesiologist to observe surgery and safely monitor the airway. An algorithm was developed for selecting ideal ventilation method for different procedures. The FLEX and the utilization of JV allows flexibility of two instruments without obstruction.



https://ift.tt/2VeRIVT

The language profile of progressive supranuclear palsy

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Cortex

Author(s): E. Catricalà, V. Boschi, S. Cuoco, F. Galiano, M. Picillo, E. Gobbi, A. Miozzo, C. Chesi, V. Esposito, G. Santangelo, M.T. Pellecchia, V.M. Borsa, P. Barone, P. Garrard, S. Iannaccone, S.F. Cappa

Abstract

A progressive speech/language disorder, such as the non fluent/agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia and progressive apraxia of speech, can be due to neuropathologically verified Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP). The prevalence of linguistic deficits and the linguistic profile in PSP patients who present primarily with a movement disorder is unknown. In the present study, we investigated speech and language performance in a sample of clinically diagnosed PSP patients using a comprehensive language battery, including, besides traditional language tests, a detailed analysis of connected speech (picture description task assessing 26 linguistic features). The aim was to identify the most affected linguistic levels in seventeen PSP with a movement disorder presentation, compared to 21 patients with Parkinson's disease and 27 healthy controls. Machine learning methods were used to detect the most relevant language tests and linguistic features characterizing the language profile of PSP patients. Our results indicate that even non-clinically aphasic PSP patients have subtle language deficits, in particular involving the lexical-semantic and discourse levels. Patients with the Richardson's syndrome showed a lower performance in the word comprehension task with respect to the other PSP phenotypes with predominant frontal presentation, parkinsonism and progressive gait freezing. The present findings support the usefulness of a detailed language assessment in all patients in the PSP spectrum.



https://ift.tt/2SV9uAR

Recent electrochemical methods in electrochemical degradation of halogenated organics: a review

Abstract

Halogenated organics are widely used in modern industry, agriculture, and medicine, and their large-scale emissions have led to soil and water pollution. Electrochemical methods are attractive and promising techniques for wastewater treatment and have been developed for degradation of halogenated organic pollutants under mild conditions. Electrochemical techniques are classified according to main reaction pathways: (i) electrochemical reduction, in which cleavage of C-X (X = F, Cl, Br, I) bonds to release halide ions and produce non-halogenated and non-toxic organics and (ii) electrochemical oxidation, in which halogenated organics are degraded by electrogenerated oxidants. The electrode material is crucial to the degradation efficiency of an electrochemical process. Much research has therefore been devoted to developing appropriate electrode materials for practical applications. This paper reviews recent developments in electrode materials for electrochemical degradation of halogenated organics. And at the end of this paper, the characteristics of new combination methods, such as photocatalysis, nanofiltration, and the use of biochemical method, are discussed.



https://ift.tt/2NnIvYR

Acromegaly can be cured by first-line pasireotide treatment?



https://ift.tt/2GH0VmC

Normalization of breathing with adenotonsillectomy in Japanese pediatric OSA

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Auris Nasus Larynx

Author(s): Sachie Arima, Shigefumi Koike, Maki Fujinaga, Takenao Mihara, Shintaro Sato, Motohiko Suzuki, Shingo Murakami, Meiho Nakayama

Abstract
Objective

Since reports on surgical results for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in Japan are insufficient for debate, this study aimed to evaluate the feature of Japanese OSA children and surgical result and document whether is obesity and affecting factor similar to non-Asian countries.

Methods

This is a retrospective study. A total of 242 children with OSA at the Department of Otolaryngology and the Good Sleep Center, Nagoya City University Hospital and the Toyohashi Mates Sleep Disorders Center were included in the study. All children underwent pre- and postsurgical polysomnography. OSA was defined as an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) 5 or greater. Pre- and postsurgical respiratory parameters were compared using paired T test.

Results

Normalization of breathing after surgery for OSA children was 40% with AHI < 2 and 85% with AHI < 5. Japanese OSA children are not as obese as OSA children in many non-Asian countries. However, the normalization of breathing as a result of surgery in Japanese OSA children does not differ much from non-Asian countries.

Conclusion

Japanese pediatric OSA that is not normalized by surgery may be affected by factors other than obesity.



https://ift.tt/2Ve8xjR

Acromegaly can be cured by first-line pasireotide treatment?



https://ift.tt/2GH0VmC

A rare hereditary and metastatic paraganglioma involved in both spermatic cord and testis



https://ift.tt/2Ta1Yl4

Sublingual administration of liposomes enclosing alpha-galactosylceramide as an effective adjuvant of allergen immunotherapy in a murine model of allergic rhinitis

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Allergology International

Author(s): Satoshi Suzuki, Daiju Sakurai, Toshioki Sakurai, Syuji Yonekura, Tomohisa Iinuma, Yusuke Okuma, Fumie Ihara, Tomoyuki Arai, Toyoyuki Hanazawa, Emi Fukuda-Kawaguchi, Yasuyuki Ishii, Yoshitaka Okamoto

Abstract
Background

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is an established efficacious approach for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). However, SLIT requires a long administration period to establish stable and adequate responses. This study investigated the efficacy of the sublingual administration of an allergen with liposomes enclosing α-GalCer (α-GC-liposome) as a potential adjuvant in mice with AR.

Methods

Mice with AR induced by OVA received the sublingual administration of OVA, α-GC-liposomes, or OVA plus α-GC-liposomes for 7 days. After nasal re-challenge with OVA, nasal symptoms were evaluated. The serum levels of OVA-specific Ig, the cytokine production of CD4+ T cells in the cultures of cervical lymph node (CLN) cells, and the gene expression of CLNs were analyzed.

Results

Although IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 production from CD4+ T cells in CLN cells was significantly inhibited by the sublingual administration of OVA alone in mice with AR induced by OVA, their nasal symptoms were not significantly diminished. However, the combined sublingual administration of α-GC-liposomes and OVA completely suppressed nasal symptoms, downregulated Th2 and Th17 type cytokine production in CD4+ T cells as well as Th2 and Th17 gene expressions, and upregulated Th1 type cytokine production as well as Th1 gene expressions in CLN cells. Additionally, the serum levels of specific IgG2a were promoted, and specific IgE and IgG1 were inhibited.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the sublingual administration of an allergen with α-GC-liposomes as an adjuvant might increase the therapeutic efficacy and effectiveness of this treatment method.



https://ift.tt/2U0dlZP

Differentiation between control subjects and patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria based on the ability of anti-IgE autoantibodies (AAbs) to induce FcεRI crosslinking, as compared to anti-FcεRIα AAbs

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Allergology International

Author(s): Satoshi Izaki, Shota Toyoshima, Takahiro Endo, Kazuko Kanegae, Satoshi Nunomura, Jun-ichi Kashiwakura, Tomomi Sasaki-Sakamoto, Ryosuke Nakamura, Haruyo Akiyama, Chisei Ra, Koremasa Hayama, Tadashi Terui, Yoshimichi Okayama

Abstract
Background

The reported prevalences of IgG autoantibodies (AAbs) to FcεRIα and IgE in sera from patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) have varied, and these AAbs are also often observed in healthy control subjects. Regarding the histamine release activity of purified IgG from patients with CSU, the number of examined patients has been small. Thus, we sought to determine the prevalence and FcεRI crosslinking ability of these AAbs in a large number of patients with CSU and non-atopic control (NC) subjects.

Methods

We compared the concentrations of anti-IgE and anti-FcεRIα AAbs and the abilities of these AAbs to cause FcεRI aggregation in patients with CSU (n = 134) and NC subjects (n = 55) using ELISA and an in vitro elicitation test, respectively.

Results

The concentration of anti-IgE AAbs was significantly different between the NC subjects and the CSU patients (P < 0.0001, cutoff value: 0.558 μg/mL), whereas the concentration of anti-FcεRIα AAbs was not. A significant difference in the duration of illness was noted between patients with lower and those with higher concentrations of anti-IgE AAbs relative to the cutoff value. The abilities of anti-IgE AAbs, but not anti-FcεRIα AAbs, to induce FcεRI crosslinking were significantly higher in CSU patients than in NC subjects (P = 0.0106).

Conclusions

In the Japanese population of CSU patients studied, the ability of the anti-IgE AAbs to induce FcεRI crosslinking differed significantly between NC subjects and CSU patients, suggesting the involvement of anti-IgE AAbs in the pathogenesis of CSU in the Japanese population.



https://ift.tt/2BKzvYX

Total IgE and atopic status in patients with severe chronic spontaneous urticaria unresponsive to omalizumab treatment



https://ift.tt/2XjJNsw

Tonsillar Hyperplasia and Recurrent Acute Tonsillitis in children: immunohistochemical evaluation of the lymphatic tissue

Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): João Henrique do Amaral e Silva, Élia Cláudia de Souza Almeida, Júlio Cláudio Sousa, Luciana Guedes Vilela Reis, Jacqueline Batista Sousa, Renata Margarida Etchebehere



https://ift.tt/2GUYgoZ

Pituitary macroadenoma presenting as severe hyponatremia: a case report

Hyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium level of less than 135 mEq/L in a patient. Although hyponatremia is not an uncommon laboratory finding, especially in the elderly, hunting for the etiology is a challe...

https://ift.tt/2T8Q1MC

Effect of labelling plane angulation and position on labelling efficiency and cerebral blood flow quantification in pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): Magdalena Sokolska, Alan Bainbridge, Alvaro R. Villabona, Xavier Golay, David Thomas

Abstract

Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling (pCASL) is the MRI method of choice for non-invasive perfusion measurement in research and clinical practice. Knowledge of the labelling efficiency, α, is essential for accurate quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Typically, a theoretical α value is used, based on an idealistic model and an assumption of spins flowing perpendicularly to the labelling plane. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of violating this assumption, and to characterize the influence of labelling plane angulation with respect to the vessel direction on labelling efficiency and measured CBF.

The effect of labelling plane angulation on labelling efficiency was demonstrated using a numerical simulation of spins at different velocities. Acquisitions from healthy volunteers were used to test the effect of a range of angulation offsets. Additional sub-optimal positions of the labelling plane with respect to the vertebral arteries, at locations where the direction of flow changes significantly from the head-foot direction, were also considered.

No significant change in the measured CBF was seen when the labelling plane was angled up to 60° to the labelled vessel or when it was placed in sub-optimal positions. This study shows that in adult subjects, the efficiency of pCASL is robust to the angulation and positioning of the labelling plane beyond the range of potential operator error.



https://ift.tt/2SW3VC8

Centrofacial Rejuventation (Volume III).

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2IyUG6c

Review: Reconstructive Surgery of the Hand and Upper Extremity

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2T4vMzF

Venous Thromboembolism After Abdominal Wall Reconstruction: A Prospective Analysis and Review of the Literature

Introduction: Ventral hernias are a common problem after exploratory laparotomy, and plastic surgeons often become involved for hernia repair in complex situations. Plastic surgeons can achieve fascial closure through primary repair, an external oblique aponeurosis release, or a transversus abdominis release. Currently, there is scant literature evaluating venous thromboembolism (VTE) rates after these procedures. We sought to evaluate our own experience with complex abdominal wall reconstruction and VTE events. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our prospectively collected database of all patients who have undergone complex abdominal wall reconstruction by a single surgeon at our institution from September 2013 to February 2018. Demographic data, anticoagulant use, Caprini score, operative time, and post-operative VTE events were recorded. A literature search was also performed, identifying all published articles evaluating VTE events after abdominal wall reconstruction Results: We identified 175 patients for analysis. Four patients were found to have post-operative VTE events, for a total VTE rate of 2.3%. The average Caprini score for these patients was 8.5, compared to 5.26 for those without a VTE event, and no deaths were reported from these complications. On literature review, three papers were identified in the literature discussing VTE after abdominal wall reconstruction, all based on the ACS-NSQIP database. Conclusion: Patients undergoing complex abdominal wall reconstruction are at high risk for VTE events. There is scant literature published on this topic, but surgeons should be aware of the risk for VTE after complex abdominal wall reconstruction and work to minimize this risk as much as able. Financial Disclosure Statement: Dr. Janis has served as a prior consultant for LifeCell, Bard, Pacira, and Allergan greater than 12 months ago, but has no current active affiliations. He receives royalties from Thieme Publishing. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. No funding was received for this research. Corresponding author: Jeffrey E. Janis, MD, FACS, Professor of Plastic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Neurology, and Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 915 Olentangy River Road, Suite 2100, Columbus, OH 43212, USA. Phone: (614) 293-8566, Fax: (614) 293-9024, E-mail: Jeffrey.Janis@osumc.edu ©2019American Society of Plastic Surgeons

https://ift.tt/2IyUBzq

Letter to Editor Regarding: “Location of the Internal Mammary Vessels for Microvascular Autologous Breast Reconstruction: The ‘1–2–3 Rule”

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2T7qzaf

Reply to Letter to Editor Regarding: “Location of the Internal Mammary Vessels for Microvascular Autologous Breast Reconstruction: The ‘1–2–3 Rule”

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2IyUtzW

Transaxillary nipple-sparing mastectomy, lymphadenectomy and direct-to-implant submuscular breast reconstruction using endoscopic technique: a step toward the “aesthetic mastectomy”.

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2T6XGLn

Patients satisfaction following cosmetic procedures: the role of App-Pain

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2IyUiog

Performance on the Plastic Surgery In-Service Exam Can Predict Success on the American Board of Plastic Surgery Written Exam

Background: Originally developed for resident self-assessment, the Plastic Surgery In-Service Exam has been administered for over 45 years. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires at least 70% of graduates pass the American Board of Plastic Surgery Written Exam. This study evaluates the role of In-Service Exam scores in predicting Written Exam success. Methods: In-Service Exam scores from 2009-2015 were collected from the National Board of Medical Examiners. Data included residency training track, training year, and exam year. Written Exam data were gathered from the American Board of Plastic Surgery. Multivariate analysis was done and receiver operating characteristics curves were used to identify optimal In-Service Exam score cutpoints for Written Exam success. Results: Data from 1,364 residents were included. Residents that failed the Written Exam had significantly lower In-Service scores than those that passed (p

https://ift.tt/2TdlTj8

Reshaping the oversized waist through Oblique flankplasty with Lipoabdominoplasty (OFLA)

Introduction: Designed in response circumferential lower body lifts (LBL) failure to deepen waists, oblique flankplasty with lipoabdominoplasty (OFLA) not only aesthetically reshapes the waist, but also the hips, buttocks, and upper lateral thighs with minimal morbidity. Methods: OFLA technique was standardized with 3 of 53 cases presented. Clinical records of operations on the lower torso from March 2000 to January 2018 yielded 30 initial OFLA cases, and hundreds of LBLs. A subset of randomly selected LBL and flank liposuction operations yielded 91 cases. Through SurveyMonkey©, authors and 16 unbiased observers graded flank and global deformity using the Pittsburgh and novel posterior trunk aesthetics scales. Results: OFLA deepened and smoothly transitioned waists. Medial rotation of the lateral buttocks over posterior iliac spine retained lateral fullness and establish hip prominence. Central buttock laxity was corrected without intergluteal cleft lengthening. The immediate result persisted, satisfying high patient expectations. There were three minor complications and three non-excisional revisions with no unscheduled hospital admissions. All cases mean flank deformity of 1.93 was by chi-square analysis significantly more than 0.88 post-operative deformity (p

https://ift.tt/2IyUcNq

“Effect of Mature Adipocyte-Derived Dedifferentiated Fat (DFAT) Cells on Formation of Basement Membrane after Cultured Epithelial Autograft on Artificial Dermis”

Background: Artificial dermis (AD) is an important option for preparing full-thickness wounds for cultured epithelial autograft (CEA). Long-term fragility after CEA remains a problem, probably due to lack of basement membrane (BM) proteins. We hypothesized that treating AD with mesenchymal stem cells would promote BM protein production. We tested this using dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells in a porcine experimental model. Methods: This study employed four male LWD swine. Cultured epithelium (CE) and DFAT cells were prepared from skin and subcutaneous fat tissue harvested from the cervical region. Full-thickness open dorsal wounds were created and treated with AD (Pelnac®, GUNZE, Japan) to prepare a graft bed for CEA. Two groups were established. Control group: AD treated with 0.5 mL normal saline solution was applied to the wounds. DFAT group: AD treated with DFAT cells (0.5 X 105 cells) suspended in 0.5 mL of normal saline solution was sprayed to the wounds. On the 10th postoperative day, the prepared CE was grafted onto the generated dermis-like tissue. Fourteen days later, tissue specimens were harvested and histologically evaluated. Results: Light microscopy of H&E sections revealed beginning of rete ridge formation in the DFAT group. Synthesis of both Collagen IV and Laminin-5 was significantly enhanced in the DFAT group. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a nearly mature BM including anchoring fibrils in the DFAT group. Conclusion: Combined use of AD and DFAT cells promotes post-CEA production and deposition of basement membrane proteins at the dermal-epidermal junction and BM development including anchoring fibrils. Financial Disclosure Statement: This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 15K10954. The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 15K10954. Disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. Corresponding author: Kazutaka Soejima, MD, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Nihon University, 30-1 Kamicho, Oyaguchi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan. soejima.kazutaka@nihon-u.ac.jp ©2019American Society of Plastic Surgeons

https://ift.tt/2TdlKMC

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