Addressing adherence to guidelines on prevention of acute chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric patients

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Addressing adherence to guidelines on prevention of acute chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric patients via Pediatric Blood & Cancer Abstract Background Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a distressing adverse effect in children receiving cancer treatment. There are evidence-based pediatric clinical practice guidelines (CPG) on chemotherapy emetogenicity and acute CINV prevention, but adherence to these guidelines is low. Procedure A quality improvement-based study was conducted at McMaster Children's Hospital. The SMART aim was to increase adherence to guidelines on prevention of acute CINV in hospitalized patients receiving high (HEC) and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) from baseline 25% to more than 70% by June 2021. Barriers were identified by process mapping, and a series of interventions were implemented. Results Guideline adherence was assessed in 270 inpatient chemotherapy administrations (HEC, MEC). Data were collected on 131 charts pre interventions and 139 charts post interventions. Interventions included education, addition of guideline-recommended anti-emetics to the inpatient formulary, and implementation of a standardized CPG tool. Initial rates of total CINV guideline adherence were 25%, which improved to 72% post intervention (p < .001). In subgroup analysis, guideline adherence in the MEC group improved from 13% to 34% (p = .015), and in the HEC group from 32% to 93% (p < .001). The most common reason for nonadherence in the HEC group was failure to use aprepitant as anti-emetic, and in MEC was option for ondansetron monotherapy prophylaxis. Conclusion Using quality improvement methodology, barriers to guideline adherence were identified and interventions implemented. Guideline adherence for prevention of CINV improved, particularly in the HEC group but less for the MEC group. Future steps will include sustainability of interventions and addressing adherence in the MEC group. View on Web

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Adjunctive locally and systemically delivered antimicrobials during surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis: a systematic review

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Adjunctive locally and systemically delivered antimicrobials during surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis: a systematic review via Journal of Clinical Periodontology Abstract Aim To answer the following PICOS question: In patients with peri-implantitis, what is the efficacy of surgical therapy with adjunctive systemic or local antimicrobials, in comparison with surgical therapy alone, in terms of pocket probing depth reduction, as assessed in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with at least 6 months of follow-up? Material and methods A systematic literature search was conducted. Reduction in mean probing pocket depth was the primary outcome. Secondary clinical outcomes were changes in suppuration (%), changes in bleeding on probing (%), marginal bone level changes (mm), disease resolution (%) and implant/prosthesis loss (%). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), possible adverse effects and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) were also extracted if data was present. Results 4 RCTs assessing the use of locally (2 RCT's) and systemically (2 RCT's) administered antimicrobial adjuncts to surgical treatment of peri-implantitis, with a 6 to 36 month follow-up were included. Seeing the substantial heterogeneity of interventions between the studies, meta-analysis could not be performed. A reduction in mean probing pocket depth was observed following all the involved surgical treatments, irrespective from the addition of antimicrobials. Except for the effect of systemic antimicrobials on marginal bone level changes and local antimicrobials on BOP, the effect of systemic and local antimicrobials was equivocal for all secondary outcome measures. Conclusions Based on the limited available evidence, the adjunctive use of the currently tested systemic or local antimicrobials during surgical therapy, in comparison with surgical therapy alone in patients with peri-implantitis does not seem to improve clinical efficacy. With regard the use of systemic antimicrobials, only 50% of the cases would show disease resolution after 1 year. There is a lack of studies that consider the sole use of local antimicrobials. Therefore, their true effect remains unclear. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Periodontitis and low cognitive performance: A population‐based study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Periodontitis and low cognitive performance: A population‐based study via Journal of Clinical Periodontology Abstract Aim To study the epidemiological association between periodontitis and low cognitive performance amongst older adults, within a representative sample of the US population. Materials and methods Data from 2086 older adults (≥60 years old), representative of 77.1 million people, were retrieved from the NHANES 2011–2014 database. Periodontitis cases were identified and classified according to the AAP/CDC criteria (mild, moderate, and severe). Cognitive function was assessed through the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD), the Animal Fluency (AFT), the Digit Symbol Substitution (DSST) tests, and the global cognition score. The lowest non-survey weighted quartile for each cognitive test was defined as low cognitive performance. Simple and multiple regression analyses were performed. Results Moderate and severe periodontitis were significantly associated with a low DSST performance (OR = 1.66, and OR = 2.97, respectively). Each millimeter of increase in mean CAL was associated with a lower AFT (OR = 1.44), DSST (OR = 1.86), and global cognition (OR = 1.50) performance. Conclusions The findings of the present study suggest the presence of an independent association between periodontitis and low cognitive performance amongst older adults (≥60 years old). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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The Effect of Periodontal Phenotype Characteristics on Post‐Extraction Dimensional Changes of The Alveolar Ridge: A Prospective Case Series

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The Effect of Periodontal Phenotype Characteristics on Post‐Extraction Dimensional Changes of The Alveolar Ridge: A Prospective Case Series via Journal of Clinical Periodontology Abstract Aim This study was primarily aimed at assessing the effect that specific periodontal phenotypic characteristics have on alveolar ridge remodeling after tooth extraction. Materials and Methods Patients in need of extraction of a non-molar maxillary tooth were enrolled. Baseline phenotypic characteristics (i.e., mid-facial and mid-palatal soft tissue and bone thickness, and supracrestal soft tissue height [STH]) were recorded upon extraction. A set of clinical, digital imaging (linear and volumetric), and patient-reported outcomes were assessed over a 14-week healing period. Results A total of 78 subjects were screened. Forty-two subjects completed the study. Linear and volumetric bone changes, as well as, vertical linear soft tissue and alveolar ridge volume (soft tissue contour) variations, were indicative of a marked dimensional reduction of the alveolar ridge over time. Horizontal facial and palatal soft tissue thickness gain was observed. Thin facial bone (≤1mm) upon extraction, compared with thick facial bone (>1mm), was associated with greater linear horizontal (-4.57±2.31mm vs. -2.17±1.65mm, P=0.003), and vertical mid-facial (-0.95±0.67mm vs. -4.08±3.52mm, P<0.001) and mid-palatal (-2.03±2.08mm vs. -1.12±0.99mm, P=0.027) bone loss, as well as greater total (-34±10% vs. 15±6%, P<0.001), facial (-51±19% vs. 28±18%, P=0.040), and palatal bone volume reduction (-26±14% vs. -8±10%, P<0.001). Aside from alveolar bone thickness, it was also observed that STH is a predictor of alveolar ridge resorption since this variable was directl y correlated with bone volume reduction. Patient-reported discomfort scores progressively decreased over time and mean satisfaction upon study completion was 94.5±0.83 out of 100. Conclusions Alveolar ridge remodeling is a physiologic phenomenon that occurs after tooth extraction. Post-extraction alveolar ridge atrophy is more marked on the facio-coronal aspect. These dimensional changes are more pronounced in sites exhibiting a thin facial bone phenotype (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02668289). View on Web

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Neuroinflammation related to the blood‐brain barrier and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate in a pre‐clinical model of periodontal diseases and depression in rats.

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Neuroinflammation related to the blood‐brain barrier and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate in a pre‐clinical model of periodontal diseases and depression in rats. via Journal of Clinical Periodontology ABSTRACT Aim To explore the potential mechanisms of neuroinflammation (microglia, blood-brain barrier [BBB] permeability, and the sphingosine-1-phosphate [S1P] pathways) resulting from the association between periodontitis and depression in rats. Materials and methods This pre-clinical in vivo experimental study used Wistar rats, in which experimental periodontitis (P) was induced by using oral gavages with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Then a chronic mild stress (CMS) model was implemented to induce depressive-like behavior, resulting in four groups: P with CMS (P+CMS+), P without CMS (P+CMS-), CMS without P (P-CMS+), and controls (P-CMS-). After harvesting brain samples, Protein/mRNA expression analyses and fluorescence immunohistochemistry were performed in the frontal cortex (FC). Results were analyzed by ANOVA tests. Results CMS exposure increased the number of microglia (an indicator of neuroinflammation) in the FC. In the combined model (P+CMS+), there was a decrease in the expression of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1], occludin) and an increase in intercellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), suggesting a more severe disruption of the BBB. The enzymes and receptors of S1P were also differentially regulated. Conclusions Microglia, BBB permeability, and S1P pathways could be relevant mechanisms explaining the association between periodontitis and depression. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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MSCs-derived apoptotic extracellular vesicles promote muscle regeneration by inducing Pannexin 1 channel-dependent creatine release by myoblasts

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader MSCs-derived apoptotic extracellular vesicles promote muscle regeneration by inducing Pannexin 1 channel-dependent creatine release by myoblasts via International Journal of Oral Science - Issue International Journal of Oral Science, Published online: 16 January 2023; doi:10.1038/s41368-022-00205-0 MSCs-derived apoptotic extracellular vesicles promote muscle regeneration by inducing Pannexin 1 channel-dependent creatine release by myoblasts View on Web

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Initial supplementary dose of dolutegravir in second-line antiretroviral therapy: a non-comparative, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Initial supplementary dose of dolutegravir in second-line antiretroviral therapy: a non-comparative, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access Abstract Background Dolutegravir concentrations are reduced by efavirenz induction effect necessitating twice daily dolutegravir dosing when co-administered. Efavirenz induction persists for several weeks after stopping, which could potentially select for dolutegravir resistance if switching occurred with unsuppressed HIV-1 RNA levels and standard dolutegravir dosing. We evaluated the need for a lead-in supplementary dolutegravir dose in adults failing first-line tenofov ir-emtricitabine-efavirenz (TEE). Methods We conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial in Khayelitsha, South Africa. Eligible patients had virologic failure (two consecutive HIV-1 RNA≥1000 copies/mL) on first-line TEE. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to switch to tenofovir-lamivudine-dolutegravir (TLD) with a supplementary 50 mg dolutegravir dose or placebo taken 12 hours later for 14 days. Primary outcome was proportion with HIV-1 RNA<50 copies/mL at week 24. This study was not powered to compare arms. Results 130 participants were randomised (65 to each arm). Median baseline HIV-1 RNA was 4.0 log10 copies/mL and 76% had baseline resistance to both tenofovir and lamivudine. One participant died and two were lost to follow-up. At week 24, 55/64 (86%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 75–93%) in the supplementary dolutegravir arm and 53/65 (82%, 95% CI, 70–90%) in the placebo arm had HIV-1 RNA<50 copies/mL. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were similar in frequency between arms. None of six participants (3 in each arm) eligible for resistance testing by 24 weeks developed dolutegravir resistance. Conclusions Our findings do not support the need for initial dolutegravir dose adjustment in patients switching to TLD who failed first-line TEE. View on Web

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