Head and Neck Diseases by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis: 01/26/18

Παρασκευή 26 Ιανουαρίου 2018

“I Fear for My Safety, but Want to Show Bravery for Others”: Violence and Discrimination Concerns Among Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Individuals After the 2016 Presidential Election

Violence and Gender , Vol. 0, No. 0.

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Microbioma and probiotics: from gut to Mars

Bruno Acatauassú Paes Barreto
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018;84:1-2

Texto Completo - PDF

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IV Brazilian Consensus on Rhinitis – an update on allergic rhinitis

Eulalia Sakano, Emanuel S.C. Sarinho, Alvaro A. Cruz, Antonio C. Pastorino, Edwin Tamashiro, Fábio Kuschnir, Fábio F.M. Castro, Fabrizio R. Romano, Gustavo F. Wandalsen, Herberto J. Chong‐Neto, João F. de Mello Jr., Luciana R. Silva, Maria Cândida Rizzo, Mônica A.M. Miyake, Nelson A. Rosário Filho, Norma de Paula M. Rubini, Olavo Mion, Paulo A. Camargos, Renato Roithmann, Ricardo N. Godinho, Shirley Shizue N. Pignatari, Tania Sih, Wilma T. Anselmo‐Lima, Dirceu Solé
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018;84:3-14

Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF

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Cochlear implantation in autistic children with profound sensorineural hearing loss

Magdalena Lachowska, Agnieszka Pastuszka, Zuzanna Łukaszewicz‐Moszyńska, Lidia Mikołajewska, Kazimierz Niemczyk
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018;84:15-9

Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF

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Osteonecrosis of the jaws: a review and update in etiology and treatment

Guilherme H. Ribeiro, Emanuely S. Chrun, Kamile L. Dutra, Filipe I. Daniel, Liliane J. Grando
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018;84:102-8

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Bayesian analysis of high‐resolution ultrasonography and guided fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of palpable thyroid nodules

Niranjan Sahu, Rabindra Nath Padhy
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018;84:20-7

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Intratympanic steroid injection and hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of refractory sudden hearing loss

Filiz Gülüstan, Zahide Mine Yazıcı, Wesam M.E. Alakhras, Omer Erdur, Harun Acipayam, Levent Kufeciler, Fatma Tulin Kayhan
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018;84:28-33

Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF

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The seroprevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus in patients undergoing septoplasty

Ozlem Onerci Celebi, Ela Araz Server, Bahtiyar Hamit, Özgür Yiğit
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018;84:34-9

Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF

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Correlation between acoustic rhinometry, computed rhinomanometry and cone‐beam computed tomography in mouth breathers with transverse maxillary deficiency

Raquel Harumi Uejima Satto Sakai, Fernando Augusto Lima Marson, Emerson Taro Inoue Sakuma, José Dirceu Ribeiro, Eulália Sakano
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018;84:40-50

Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF

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Evaluation of peripheral auditory pathways and brainstem in obstructive sleep apnea

Erika Matsumura, Carla Gentile Matas, Fernanda Cristina Leite Magliaro, Raquel Meirelles Pedreño, Geraldo Lorenzi‐Filho, Seisse Gabriela Gandolfi Sanches, Renata Mota Mamede Carvallo
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018;84:51-7

Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF

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Effect of hearing aids use on speech stimulus decoding through speech‐evoked ABR

Renata Aparecida Leite, Fernanda Cristina Leite Magliaro, Jeziela Cristina Raimundo, Mara Gândara, Sergio Garbi, Ricardo Ferreira Bento, Carla Gentile Matas
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018;84:66-73

Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF

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Prognostic role of margin status in open and CO2 laser cordectomy for T1a–T1b glottic cancer

Vincenzo Landolfo, Carmine Fernando Gervasio, Giuseppe Riva, Massimiliano Garzaro, Rita Audisio, Giancarlo Pecorari, Roberto Albera
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018;84:74-81

Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF

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Preclinical evaluation of Luffa operculata Cogn. and its main active principle in the treatment of bacterial rhinosinusitis

Leonardo Silva, Henrique Olival Costa, Flávia Coelho de Souza, Elaine Monteiro Cardoso Lopes, Suely Mitoi Ykko Ueda
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018;84:82-8

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Volumetric evaluation of pharyngeal segments in obstructive sleep apnea patients

Marcos Marques Rodrigues, Valfrido Antonio Pereira Filho, Mário Francisco Real Gabrielli, Talles Fernando Medeiros de Oliveira, Júlio Américo Pereira Batatinha, Luis Augusto Passeri
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018;84:89-94

Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF

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Aggressive osteoblastoma of the temporal bone: an unusual cause of facial palsy

Rashmi Dixit, Swati Gupta, Veena Chowdhury, Nita Khurana
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018;84:119-21

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Middle turbinate angiofibroma: an unusual location for juvenile angiofibroma

Yuksel Toplu, Sermin Can, Mukadder Sanlı, Nurhan Sahin, Ahmet Kizilay
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018;84:122-5

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Iatrogenic nasal vestibular stenosis after maxillofacial reconstructive surgery

Byung‐Woo Yoon, Dong‐Won Kim, Soo‐Jong Choi, Kyu‐Sup Cho
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018;84:126-30

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Effects of exposure to 2100MHz GSM‐like radiofrequency electromagnetic field on auditory system of rats

Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi, Seyed Ali Reza Mortazavi, Maryam Paknahad
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018;84:131

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Influenza Virus: Dealing with a Drifting and Shifting Pathogen

Viral Immunology , Vol. 0, No. 0.

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Immunization with a Mixture of Nucleoprotein from Human Metapneumovirus and AbISCO-100 Adjuvant Reduces Viral Infection in Mice Model

Viral Immunology , Vol. 0, No. 0.

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Association between preoperative thyrotrophin and clinicopathological and aggressive features of papillary thyroid cancer

Abstract

Purpose

We aimed to investigate the relation between preoperative serum thyrotrophin (TSH) and clinicopathological features in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and microcarcinoma (PTMC).

Methods

Patients who underwent thyroidectomy and diagnosed to have benign nodular disease or PTC/PTMC in our clinic were evaluated retrospectively. Patients with a previous history of thyroid surgery, patients using antithyroid medications or thyroid hormone and patients with tumors known to be unresponsive to TSH were excluded.

Results

Data of 1632 patients were analyzed. Histopathological diagnosis was benign in 969 (59.4%) and malignant in 663 (40.6%) patients. Preoperative median serum TSH was significantly higher in malignant compared to benign group (1.41 IU/dL vs. 0.98 IU/dL, p < 0.001). Malignancy risk increased gradually as going from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism and hypothyroidism (20, 40.6, and 59.1%, respectively, p < 0.05). Serum TSH was lowest in benign nodular disease, higher in PTMC and highest in PTC (p < 0.001). This was also true when patients with positive antithyroid peroxidase/antithyroglobulin and with lymphocytic thyroiditis were excluded from the analysis (p < 0.001). Serum TSH was higher in patients with bilateral tumor, capsular invasion and lymph node metastasis (LNM) compared to patients with unilateral tumor, without capsule invasion and without LNM, respectively (p = 0.036, p = 0.002, and p = 0.001, respectively). Patients with aggressive variant PTC had higher serum TSH than nonaggressive ones (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Preoperative serum TSH is associated with PTMC, PTC and LNM. Serum TSH seems to be related with thyroid cancer regardless of autoimmunity. With the present study, for the first time, we showed an association between serum TSH and aggressive variants of PTC.

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Emergency percutaneous transtracheal jet ventilation in a hypoxic cardiopulmonary resuscitation setting: a life-saving rescue technique

(Un)anticipated difficult airway remains a challenge in anaesthesia. Percutaneous transtracheal jet ventilation has been shown to be an adequate technique for temporary oxygenation and ventilation and has been described as an acknowledged method in emergency settings of an unanticipated difficult airway. These emergency settings can be considered as low incidence high-risk situations. Both technical and non-technical skills should be trained regularly as education and simulation continues to play an important factor in patient safety. Furthermore, postoperative laryngeal oedema due to altered lymphatic drainage patterns must be considered as a possible mechanism of an upper airway obstruction in combination with a history of neck dissection and radiotherapy.

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Successful percutaneous drainage of pneumatoceles in an extremely low-birthweight infant

Pneumatoceles are thin-walled, air-filled cystic lesions developing within the lung parenchyma. It used to be a relatively common entity in the presurfactant era when preterm babies were ventilated at an unacceptably high positive pressure for respiratory distress syndrome. Pneumatocele formation is a very rare complication of pneumonia in neonates. We here report a case of extremely low-birthweight (ELBW) neonate who developed large bilateral pneumatoceles after staphylococcal pneumonia. Hereby, we present a case of an ELBW infant with bilateral massive pneumatoceles who underwent successful percutaneous catheter drainage to decompress these pneumatoceles.

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Cryptococcal meningitis in a daily cannabis smoker without evidence of immunodeficiency

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening condition most commonly observed in immunocompromised individuals. We describe a daily cannabis smoker without evidence of immunodeficiency presenting with confirmed Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis. An investigation of cannabis samples from the patient's preferred dispensary demonstrated contamination with several varieties of Cryptococcus, including C. neoformans, and other opportunistic fungi. These findings raise concern regarding the safety of dispensary-grade cannabis, even in immunocompetent users.

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Hemiparesis in spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma: a potential stroke imitator

Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma (SSEH) is a rare condition that requires urgent surgical intervention in order to prevent permanent neurological deficit. SSEH commonly presents as a paraparesis or tetraparesis. SSEH presenting as a hemiparesis is less common and in such situations, it can be mistaken for a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Thrombolytic or anticoagulant treatment for CVA can potentially worsen the neurological deficit. We report one such case of SSEH misdiagnosed as a CVA. Treatment with tissue plasminogen activator led to worsening of his condition. On a subsequent cervical spine MRI, an epidural haematoma extending from C3 to C5 was detected and treated with laminectomy and evacuation. Surgical intervention led to significant improvement from American Spinal Injury Association Scale (ASIA) B to ASIA E. Presence of clinical features such as Horner's syndrome, Brown-Sequard syndrome and the absence of cranial nerve palsies in acute hemiparesis are indicative of SSEH rather than CVA.

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Desmoplastic fibroblastoma of the left upper arm

An elderly female patient presented to the clinic with a several-week history of a mass in her left upper arm that was tender to the touch. The mass was initially thought to be a schwannoma of the left radial nerve based on imaging and was surgically removed. The pathology report revealed an uncommon diagnosis of desmoplastic fibroblastoma.

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Delayed diagnosis of dermal leiomyosarcoma mimicking keloid scar

A 43-year-old man developed an abnormal scar 6 months following excision of a leiomyoma from his left shoulder. The scar was elevated, irregular in shape, pink-red in colour, hard in consistency and it was extending beyond the margins of the original wound. A diagnosis of a keloid scar was considered and the patient was managed as such. He underwent a planned procedure for intralesional excision of the keloid scar. The histopathological examination showed a diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. This case report presents a delayed diagnosis of dermal leiomyosarcoma mimicking a keloid scar. The patient subsequently underwent wider excision of the tumour with curative intention.

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Neurogenic pulmonary oedema secondary to vertebral artery dissection while playing tennis

We present a case of a patient who developed vertebral artery dissection (VAD) while playing tennis and presented with neurogenic pulmonary oedema. The case highlights two important points: acute pulmonary oedema as an unusual presenting feature of VAD and VAD, an important cause of stroke in young people, as being associated with playing low-impact sports such as tennis. These associations, independent of each other, are under-recognised and can lead to a delay in diagnosis.

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Dont put your foot in it: a case of talonavicular septic arthritis

We present the second documented case of primary septic arthritis of the talonavicular joint. This patient had a number of medical comorbidities, including chronic widespread pain including the ipsilateral limb, which made diagnosis an even greater challenge. Although a clinical diagnosis, joint fluid aspiration remains the gold standard. Prompt surgical drainage with adjuvant antibiotic treatment is recommended, and management requires a multidisciplinary team approach. The aim of treatment is to avoid the sequelae of joint destruction, pain and foot deformity.

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Rare occurrence of eight-and-a-half syndrome as a clinically isolated syndrome

Eight-and-a-half syndrome is a rare condition that is described as a combination of one-and-a-half syndrome and an ipsilateral facial nucleus lesion. We present a clinical case of occurrence of eight-and-a-half syndrome that was caused by a demyelinating lesion in the dorsal pontine tegmentum. A 44-year-old man presented to the hospital with a subacute onset of horizontal diplopia and left-sided facial weakness. MRI revealed a T2 hyperintense lesion in his dorsal pons, which was consistent with a demyelinating pathology. Treatment with intravenous steroids showed significant improvement in his symptoms. In our case, it occurred due to a suspected demyelinating lesion that was this patient's first and only demyelinating event, leaving him with a diagnosis of clinically isolated syndrome. His responsiveness to steroids represents the first case report of an adult patient presenting with an eight-and-a-half syndrome secondary to a suspected demyelinating pathology.

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Sepsis Secondary to Bacteroides Fragilis Tubo-Ovarian Abscess Requiring Hysterectomy and Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy

A 45-year-old, G0P0 premenopausal woman was admitted for investigation of right lower quadrant pain, fever, leucocytosis and right adnexal abscess on CT. She was started on intravenous antibiotics and underwent CT-guided percutaneous drainage from which Bacteroides fragilis was cultured. A few days later, she had an exploratory laparotomy with incision and drainage. Once stabilised, she was discharged on intravenous antibiotics. She was followed outpatient and subsequent imaging demonstrated significant improvement of the abscess. After being asymptomatic for 3 months, she again presented to the emergency department with right lower quadrant abdominal pain, fever and leucocytosis. Two days later, she underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. She made a full recovery and began treatment with a herbal oestrogen derivative to prevent early menopause.

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Perimesencephalic and sulcal subarachnoid haemorrhage: an interesting presentation of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome

Description

A 38-year-old man with hypertension presented with sudden-onset headache and vomiting. He was irritable and had a blood pressure of 180/120 mm Hg. There were no meningeal signs or focal neurological deficits. His optic fundi were normal. Initial evaluation with CT of the brain showed subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in the right parasagittal sulcal region (figure 1A) and the left perimesencephalic cistern (figure 1B). A CT angiogram (CTA) followed by a digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) ruled out aneurysms (figure 1C–F). The venous phase of DSA (figure 1G) and magnetic resonance (MR) venogram (figure 1H,I) were normal. MRI of the brain (figure 2) showed hyperintense lesions in the bilateral parieto-occipital regions and the basal ganglia suggesting posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). He was managed with antihypertensives and made a gradual and complete recovery.

Figure 1

CT...

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Fluctuating hypercalcaemia caused by cavitary Mycobacterium bovis pulmonary infection

Hypercalcaemia occurs in many granulomatous diseases. Among them, sarcoidosis and tuberculosis are the most common causes. Other causes include berylliosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, Crohn's disease, silicone-induced granulomas, cat-scratch disease, Wegener's granulomatosis and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Hypercalcaemia in granulomatous disease occurs as a consequence of dysregulated production of 1,25-(OH)2 D3 (calcitriol) by activated macrophages in granulomas. Hypercalcaemia in patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has been reported in 0%–28% of cases. Uncultured bronchoalveolar lavage cells from patients with M. tuberculosis produce greater amounts of calcitriol compared with controls. Although Nayar et al described hypercalcaemia in a case of sepsis associated with intravesical Bacille Calmette Guerin therapy, there are no published reports describing hypercalcaemia in patients with pulmonary M. bovis infection. We describe a patient with M. bovis cavitary pulmonary infection with sustained hypercalcaemia that fluctuated and recurred repeatedly over the course of therapy, ultimately culminating in normalisation of serum calcium when therapy had led to cure. Treatment consisted of antituberculous therapy, oral corticosteroids and intravenous bisphosphonates with a favourable outcome.

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Spontaneous calf haematoma in severe dengue

We report a case of spontaneous calf muscle haematoma, formed during the recovery phase of dengue haemorrhagic fever, which, to the best of our knowledge, has never been encountered before. A 45-year-old man presented with features of severe dengue and got admitted to our intensive care unit. He was treated with intravenous fluid therapy and supportive measures, and gradually improved, initially. However, during the recovery phase, he suddenly developed painful left calf, which was found tender, hot and swollen on physical examination. Colour Doppler ultrasound revealed left calf haematoma. As the patient rapidly developed local compartmental syndrome, surgical evacuation of the haematoma followed by urgent fasciotomy was performed. He recovered without further complication and was discharged home. At follow-up after 2 months, he remained well.

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Acute retinal detachment induced by the Valsalva manoeuvre in morning glory disc anomaly

We present a case in which a large, bullous, predominantly inferior, serous retinal detachment developed acutely after the Valsalva manoeuvre (from a coughing fit) in an eye with morning glory disc anomaly. We postulate that a rapid alteration in intracranial pressure was transmitted through the cavitary disc defect. This allowed a sudden influx of cerebrospinal fluid and/or liquefied vitreous into the subretinal space. This previously unreported case provides important evidence for the role of intracranial pressure fluctuations in the pathogenesis of macular schisis and neurosensory detachment secondary to optic disc cavitations.

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Oculocutaneous albinism with iridofundal coloboma

Description

A 20-year-old woman presented to the retina clinic with complaints of diminution of vision, photophobia and involuntary movement of both eyes since birth. The patient had light-coloured skin complexion along with golden hair. Best corrected visual acuity was 1/60 and 4/60 in the right and left eyes, respectively. Ocular examination revealed manifest nystagmus, but there was no evidence of squint or head posture. The anterior segment had clear cornea and lens, with colobomatous light-coloured iris. Fundus examination in the right eye showed diffusely hypopigmented fundus with a large, well-defined excavated area along the inferior and nasal quadrant, extending well above the optic disc and the macula, suggestive of type I iridofundal coloboma (figure 1). Similarly, in the left eye, there was diffuse hypopigmentation except at the macula. Retinal and choroidal vessels were well appreciated along with their drainage into the vortex veins (figure 2)....

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Secondary Omental Infarction in a Patient with a Hypercoagulable State

Omental infarction is a rare cause of acute and non-specific abdominal pain. We report a case of a 46-year-old man who presented to the emergency room with right upper quadrant cramping pain that was of sudden onset. The patient's presentation was later diagnosed as an omental infarction, by an abdominal CT. After extensive work-up, it was revealed that the cause of the patient's omental infarction was secondary to a hypercoagulable state caused by antiphospholipid syndrome, based on his thrombophilia work-up. The patient was successfully managed conservatively and was started on lifelong anticoagulation. The patient was followed up with an abdominal CT after 2 months into therapy, which showed a decrease in the size of the omental infarction and a significant improvement in his state.

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Chronic reactive arthritis associated with prostatitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis

Description

A 29-year-old man presented with a 10-year history of pain in his right ankle. The ankle was tender and swollen, and there was Achilles tendinitis. He had no complaints of buttock pain, abdominal pain, dysuria or a feeling of incomplete voiding. Skin examination was normal. Laboratory investigations revealed a leucocyte count of 6.0x10⁹/L and a serum C reactive protein level of 5.21 mg/dL. Liver and renal function tests were normal. Rheumatoid factor, anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and antinuclear antibody were negative. Urinalysis was positive for occult blood, but there was no leucocyturia. Locus B human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was positive for B27. Plain radiography of the right ankle joint showed narrowing of the subtalar joint space and heel spurs on the plantar aspect of the calcaneus (figure 1). Contrast-enhanced CT scans demonstrated enhanced lesions in the peripheral zone of the prostate (figure 2). Culture...

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Strangulated Spiegels hernia mimicking ischaemic colitis: endoscopic diagnosis of a rare surgical emergency

Description

An 84-year-old man was referred to the emergency department with a 2-day history of colicky abdominal pain in the left lower quadrant, bloody diarrhoea and abdominal distension. Nausea and two episodes of watery vomiting were reported as well. Past medical history was remarkable for arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia and ischaemic stroke, for which he was taking lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide, simvastatin and acetylsalicylic acid. Surgical background included laparotomy for appendectomy and appendicular abscess drainage 8 years before.

Physical examination showed stable vital signs and a distended abdomen, with tenderness in the left lower abdominal quadrant, but no signs of peritoneal irritation. An obvious, but reducible, abdominal wall hernia was palpable in the same location. The remaining exam was unremarkable.

Laboratory results revealed mild anaemia (haemoglobin—12.7 g/dL) and leukocytosis (white cell count—11.7x10⁹/L), acute kidney injury (creatinine—2.1 mg/dL) and elevated C reactive protein (298 mg/L). Liver function tests, electrolyte panel, amylase and lactate dehydrogenase were within...

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Multicenter validation of cancer gene panel-based next-generation sequencing for translational research and molecular diagnostics

Abstract

The simultaneous detection of multiple somatic mutations in the context of molecular diagnostics of cancer is frequently performed by means of amplicon-based targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, only few studies are available comparing multicenter testing of different NGS platforms and gene panels. Therefore, seven partner sites of the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) performed a multicenter interlaboratory trial for targeted NGS using the same formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimen of molecularly pre-characterized tumors (n = 15; each n = 5 cases of Breast, Lung, and Colon carcinoma) and a colorectal cancer cell line DNA dilution series. Detailed information regarding pre-characterized mutations was not disclosed to the partners. Commercially available and custom-designed cancer gene panels were used for library preparation and subsequent sequencing on several devices of two NGS different platforms. For every case, centrally extracted DNA and FFPE tissue sections for local processing were delivered to each partner site to be sequenced with the commercial gene panel and local bioinformatics. For cancer-specific panel-based sequencing, only centrally extracted DNA was analyzed at seven sequencing sites. Subsequently, local data were compiled and bioinformatics was performed centrally. We were able to demonstrate that all pre-characterized mutations were re-identified correctly, irrespective of NGS platform or gene panel used. However, locally processed FFPE tissue sections disclosed that the DNA extraction method can affect the detection of mutations with a trend in favor of magnetic bead-based DNA extraction methods. In conclusion, targeted NGS is a very robust method for simultaneous detection of various mutations in FFPE tissue specimens if certain pre-analytical conditions are carefully considered.

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Association between preoperative thyrotrophin and clinicopathological and aggressive features of papillary thyroid cancer

Abstract

Purpose

We aimed to investigate the relation between preoperative serum thyrotrophin (TSH) and clinicopathological features in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and microcarcinoma (PTMC).

Methods

Results

Conclusion

http://ift.tt/2nhs9nV

Combined miglustat and enzyme replacement therapy in two patients with type 1 Gaucher disease: two case reports

Intravenous enzyme replacement therapy is a first-line therapy for Gaucher disease type 1, and substrate reduction therapy represents an oral treatment alternative. Both enzyme replacement therapy and substrat...

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Reversal of end-stage heart failure in juvenile hemochromatosis with iron chelation therapy: a case report

Juvenile hemochromatosis is the most severe form of iron overloading phenotype. Although rare, it should be suspected in patients who present with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, diabetes mellitus, or cardiomyo...

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Effectiveness of laser adjunctive therapy for surgical treatment of gingival recession with flap graft techniques: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Various flap graft techniques in the treatment of gingival recession have already been reported in the literatures for root coverage. Laser therapy has effects of ablative, hemostatic, and decontamination. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the efficacy of flap surgery combined with laser with surgery alone for treating gingival recession. The studies were searched from PubMed, Embase, Web of science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials by two reviewers up to August 2017. The quality of RCTs was assessed by Cochrane Handbook. Data were extracted from studies and analyzed by Review Manager 5.3. 95% confidence interval (CI) and risk ratio (RR) were calculated for dichotomous data. Seven RCTs with 173 patients and 296 teeth were included in the meta-analysis. We found no statistically significant differences between two groups in GRD (gingival recession depth) (P = 0.21), GRW (gingival recession width) (P = 0.92), RES (root esthetic score) (P = 0.21), and CRC (complete root coverage) (P = 0.09). Statistically significant differences were found between two groups in the WKT (width of keratinized tissue) (P < 0.0001) and 1-year follow-up of PD (probing depth) (P = 0.03) and CAL (clinical attachment level) (P < 0.00001). The meta-analysis found that surgery with laser therapy provided clinical advantages in terms of WKT and 1-year follow-up of PD and CAL. However, flap graft associated with laser did not offer additional benefit to root coverage and esthetics in treating gingival recession. More long-term studies are required to assess these parameters.

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Epidermotropic Presentation by Splenic B-cell Lymphoma: The Importance of Clinical-Pathologic Correlation

Abstract

There are exceedingly rare reports of patients with epidermotropic B-cell lymphomas. A subset presented with intermittent, variably pruritic papular eruptions and involvement of their spleens, peripheral blood, and bone marrow at the time of diagnosis. Furthermore, some experienced an indolent course despite dissemination of their lymphomas. We report a 66-year-old woman with a 12-year history of intermittent eruptions of nonpruritic salmon-colored papules on her torso and proximal extremities that occurred in winter and resolved with outdoor activity in spring. Skin biopsy revealed an epidermotropic B-cell lymphoma with a non-specific B-cell phenotype and heavy chain class switching with IgG expression. On workup, our patient exhibited mild splenomegaly and low-level involvement of her peripheral blood and bone marrow by a kappa-restricted B-cell population. A splenic B-cell lymphoma was diagnosed. Considering her longstanding history and absences of cytopenias, our patient has been followed without splenectomy or systemic therapy. Furthermore, the papules have responded dramatically to narrowband UVB. Our case and a review of similar rare reports aim to raise awareness among dermatopathologists and dermatologists of a clinically distinct and indolent subset of epidermotropic splenic lymphomas with characteristic clinical and histologic findings.

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A quantitative comparison between SOX10 and MART-1 immunostaining to detect melanocytic hyperplasia in chronically sun-damaged skin

Abstract

Histologic differentiation of melanoma in situ (MIS) from solar keratosis on chronically sun-damaged skin is challenging. The first-line immunostain is usually MART-1/Melan-A, which can exaggerate the epidermal melanocytes, causing a diagnostic pitfall for MIS. By comparing MART-1 and SOX10 immunostaining, we scored the percentage of epidermal melanocytes per 2-mm diameter fields in pigmented actinic keratosis (n=16), lichenoid keratosis (n=7), junctional melanocytic nevus (n=6), keratosis with atypical melanocytic proliferation (AMP, n=17) and MIS (n=10). These cases represented an older population (68 years median age) and the head and neck (50%) was the most common anatomic site. MART-1 score was significantly higher than SOX10 (P value < 0.05) in solar keratoses, but showed no difference in detecting melanocytic proliferations, demonstrating their equal detection rate of melanocytes. The sensitivity of both MART-1 and SOX10 was 100% while their specificities were 17% and 96%, respectively. These results show SOX10 is more specific than MART-1 in distinguishing epidermal melanocytes on sun-damaged skin by avoiding over diagnosis of melanoma.

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Periodontal Treatment in Cancer Patients: an Interdisciplinary Approach

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Dental care is an essential component in the comprehensive treatment for a cancer patient. As such, a review of the literature was completed to determine the relationships between periodontal and dental care in the cancer patient and provide strategic suggestions.

Recent Findings

Periodontal treatment must be personalized depending on the patient's current oral health status, systemic status, and progress in treatment. Oral mucositis, periodontal status, and osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) remain periodontal concerns in providing dental care to the cancer patient. Risk factors for development of ONJ include root amputation (OR = 6.64), extraction of a single tooth (OR = 3.7), severe tooth mobility (OR = 3.60), and unclosed wound (OR = 2.51).

Summary

Preventive maintenance, oral hygiene instruction, use of fluoride and chlorhexidine are all important therapeutic strategies. If extractions are required in patients who have received bone-modifying drug infusions, flap management and primary wound closure are needed to reduce the risk of complications.

http://ift.tt/2rIXchW

Possible effect of SNAIL family transcriptional repressor 1 polymorphisms in non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate

Abstract

Objective

Orofacial development is a complex process subjected to failure impairing. Indeed, the cleft of the lip and/or of the palate is among the most frequent inborn malformations. The JARID2 gene has been suggested to be involved in non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) etiology. JARID2 interacts with the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) in regulating the expression patterns of developmental genes by modifying the chromatin state.

Materials and methods

Genes coding for the PRC2 components, as well as other genes active in cell differentiation and embryonic development, were selected for a family-based association study to verify their involvement in nsCL/P. A total of 632 families from Italy and Asia participated to the study.

Results

Evidence of allelic association was found with polymorphisms of SNAI1; in particular, the rs16995010-G allele was undertransmitted to the nsCL/P cases [P = 0.004, odds ratio = 0.69 (95% C.I. 0.54–0.89)]. However, the adjusted significance value corrected for all the performed tests was P = 0.051.

Conclusions

The findings emerging by the present study suggest for the first time an involvement of SNAI1 in the nsCL/P onset.

Clinical relevance

Interestingly, SNAI1 is known to promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition by repressing E-cadherin expression, but it needs an intact PRC2 to act this function. Alterations of this process could contribute to the complex etiology of nsCL/P.

http://ift.tt/2Gl0BGU

Cooking oil fume-derived PM 2.5 induces apoptosis in A549 cells and MAPK/NF-кB/STAT1 pathway activation

Abstract

Cooking oil fumes (COFs) are the major sources of indoor air pollution in Asia. It is well known that alveolar cells are key participants in the development of respiratory system; however, it still remains unknown whether alveolar cells are affected by COFs. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of COFs on alveolar cells (A549 cells) and illuminated its apoptotic mechanism in response to COF-PM_2.5 exposure. When A549 cells were exposed to COF-PM_2.5, cell viability was substantially decreased, while the generation of ROS increased, and LDH levels and CCK-8 levels gradually changed within a dose-dependent manner. The nitrite concentration in the supernatants was augmented, while the SOD activity and GSH recycling were decreased upon COF-PM_2.5. Moreover, COF-PM_2.5 treatment increased mRNA levels of COX-2, inducible NO synthase, and TNF-α, and Elisa assay suggested that secretory proteins IL-6 and TNF-α were also increased. Furthermore, the Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio was increased, and cleaved caspase-3 protein was activated in the A549 cells. Strikingly, COF-PM_2.5 induced the phosphorylation of STAT1 at Tyr701/Ser727 and activation of NF-кB and ERK1/2, p38, and JNK of the MAPK pathway. In short, our study suggested that COF-PM_2.5 resulted in inflammation, apoptosis, and cell damage in A549 cells, which might be modulated via the activation of MAPK/NF-кB/STAT1 pathway.

http://ift.tt/2Bwnnbn

Authors' Response to Critical Commentaries: Reliability and Validity of the DC/TMD Axis I.

Authors' Response to Critical Commentaries: Reliability and Validity of the DC/TMD Axis I.

J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2018 Winter;32(1):27-28

Authors: Steenks MH, Türp JC, de Wijer A

Abstract
No abstract available.

PMID: 29370325 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2DHrIOC

Critical Commentary 3: Reliability and Validity of the DC/TMD Axis I.

Critical Commentary 3: Reliability and Validity of the DC/TMD Axis I.

J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2018 Winter;32(1):25-26

Authors: Svensson P, Bendixen K

Abstract
No abstract available.

PMID: 29370324 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2nfECIJ

Critical Commentary 2: Reliability and Validity of the DC/TMD Axis I.

Critical Commentary 2: Reliability and Validity of the DC/TMD Axis I.

J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2018 Winter;32(1):22-24

Authors: Schiffman E, Ohrbach R

Abstract
No abstract available.

PMID: 29370323 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2DFRN0v

Critical Commentary 1: Reliability and Validity of the DC/TMD Axis I.

Critical Commentary 1: Reliability and Validity of the DC/TMD Axis I.

J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2018 Winter;32(1):19-21

Authors: Okeson JP

Abstract
No abstract available.

PMID: 29370322 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2nf4m82

Reliability and Validity of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Axis I in Clinical and Research Settings: A Critical Appraisal.

Reliability and Validity of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Axis I in Clinical and Research Settings: A Critical Appraisal.

J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2018 Winter;32(1):7-18

Authors: Steenks MH, Türp JC, de Wijer A

Abstract
The recently published Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) Axis I, which is recommended for use in clinical and research settings, has provided an update of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). The authors of the DC/TMD based their publication on the results of a Validation Project (2001-2008) and consecutive workgroup sessions held between 2008 and 2013. The DC/TMD represents a major change in both content and procedures; nonetheless, earlier concerns and new insights have only partly been followed up when drafting the new recommendations. Moreover, the emphasis on immediate implementation in clinical and research settings is not in line with the provided external evidence on which the DC/TMD is based. This Focus Article describes these concerns with regard to several aspects of the DC/TMD: the additional classification categories; the high dependency on pressure-pain results from use of the recommended palpation technique; the TMD pain screening instrument; the test population characteristics; the utility of additional subgroups; the use of a reference standard; the dichotomy between pain and dysfunction; and the DC/TMD algorithms. Thus, although the DC/TMD represents an improvement over the RDC/TMD, its immediate implementation in research and clinical care does not yet appear to be adequately substantiated.

PMID: 29370321 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2DGI9uH

Protective effect of melatonin on cadmium-induced changes in some maturation and reproductive parameters of female Prussian carp ( Carassius gibelio B.)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine whether melatonin (Mel), which is a known antioxidant and free radical scavenger, could perform the role of a preventive agent against the toxic effects of cadmium (Cd²⁺) on mortality, fish growth, gonadosomatic index (GSI), luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, the response to hormonal stimulation of spawning, and also tissue accumulation of Cd in Prussian carp females. These females received melatonin implants and were exposed to 0.4 or 4.0 mg/L of Cd (as CdCl₂·2.5H₂O) over either a 5- or 3-month period, followed by further 2 months of purification in clear water. Negative changes caused by exposure to cadmium in the water were as follows: higher fish mortality, lower body weight, increased accumulation of cadmium in the brain and ovary, lowered GSI, impaired spontaneous LH secretion during exposure, and impaired LH secretion during stimulation of spawning. All of these effects were observed in the group of fish exposed to 0.4 and/or 4.0 mg Cd/L but did not occur or were less pronounced in the groups exposed to cadmium in the presence of melatonin released from the implants. During depuration, in the group of fish which had been exposed to the highest Cd concentration, we observed a significant improvement in fish survival rate, body growth, inhibition of further cadmium accumulation in tissues, and gradual return of spontaneous LH secretion as well as normalization of the GSI value to the control group levels. In conclusion, these findings indicate that melatonin can be a preventive agent for some toxic effects on fish reproduction induced by environmental cadmium contamination.

http://ift.tt/2rJCMFl

Effects of dissolved organic matter leaching from macrophyte litter on black water events in shallow lakes

Abstract

In recent years, the black water phenomenon has become an environmental event in eutrophic shallow lakes in China, leading to deterioration of lake ecosystems and potable water crises. Decomposition of macrophyte debris has been verified as a key inducement for black water events. In this study, the effects of the decomposition of dissolved organic matter (Kottelat et al., WASP 187:343–351, 2008) derived from macrophyte leachate on the occurrence of black water events are investigated to clarify the detailed mechanisms involved. Results show that dissolved organic matter (DOM) is composed of a trace of chromophoric DOM and mostly non-chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). DOM decomposition is accompanied by varied concentration of CDOM components, generation of organic particles, and increased microbial concentrations. These processes increase water chroma only during initial 48 h, so the intensified water color cannot be maintained by DOM decomposition alone. During DOM decomposition, microorganisms first consume non-CDOM, increasing the relative CDOM concentration and turning the water color to black (or brown). Simultaneously, tryptophan and aromatic proteins, which are major ingredients of CDOM, enhance UV light absorption, further aggravating the macroscopic phenomenon of black color. Our results show that DOM leached from decayed macrophytes promotes or even triggers the occurrence of black water events and should be taken more seriously in the future.

http://ift.tt/2GlByn2

Tranexamic acid as a local hemostasis method after dental extraction in patients on warfarin: a randomized controlled clinical study

Abstract

Objectives

The present work is a controlled, blinded, and randomized clinical trial comparing hemostatic measures for the control of post-tooth extraction hemorrhage in patients on anticoagulation therapy with warfarin.

Materials and methods

The sample consisted of 37 patients (37.8% male and 62.2% female) with a mean age of 45.5 years. After randomization, 20 patients were allocated to the control group (conventional hemostasis measures) and 17 to the study group (addition of local tranexamic acid). All variables that could influence the outcome were similar between the groups and no significant difference was seen (p > 0.05).

Results

In the assessment of immediate hemostasis, for the control group, the time to achieve cessation of bleeding was 9.1 (± 3.6) minutes. For the study group this was much lower, and this difference (6.018 / confidence interval of 95%, 4.677 to 7.359) was statistically significant (p < 0.001). In evaluating the control of intermediate hemorrhage, the use of tranexamic acid was more significantly associated with the absence of bleeding, especially in the first 24 h.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Thus, this measure of local hemostasis in topical form with gauze compression and irrigation was shown to be more effective in reducing the time to attain immediate hemostasis, and in preventing intermediate hemorrhage.

http://ift.tt/2DBWKUg

Whole blood viscosity and cerebral blood flow velocities in obese hypertensive or obese normotensive adolescents

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print

http://ift.tt/2ng7Gjq

The utility of body mass index as an indicator for lipid abnormalities in non-fasted children

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print

http://ift.tt/2DKdAEg

Hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia and supraventricular tachycardia in a patient with subcutaneous fat necrosis

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print

http://ift.tt/2ng7EYQ

Clinical follow-up data and the rate of development of precocious and rapidly progressive puberty in patients with premature thelarche

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print

http://ift.tt/2DJbHI3

Brain gray matter volume differences in obese youth with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print

http://ift.tt/2neSiUd

Is it safe to get Botox while breast-feeding?

A look at Botox and breast-feeding safety. Included is detail on how Botox affects the body and other side effects that are important for mothers to know.

http://ift.tt/2neZCiU

Is it safe to get Botox while breast-feeding?

A look at Botox and breast-feeding safety. Included is detail on how Botox affects the body and other side effects that are important for mothers to know.

http://ift.tt/2neZCiU

Inhibition of Methyltransferase Setd7 Allows the In Vitro Expansion of Myogenic Stem Cells with Improved Therapeutic Potential

Publication date: Available online 25 January 2018
Source:Cell Stem Cell
Author(s): Robert N. Judson, Marco Quarta, Menno J. Oudhoff, Hesham Soliman, Lin Yi, Chih Kai Chang, Gloria Loi, Ryan Vander Werff, Alissa Cait, Mark Hamer, Justin Blonigan, Patrick Paine, Linda T.N. Doan, Elena Groppa, WenJun He, Le Su, Regan H. Zhang, Peter Xu, Christine Eisner, Marcela Low, Ingrid Barta, Coral-Ann B. Lewis, Colby Zaph, Mohammad M. Karimi, Thomas A. Rando, Fabio M. Rossi
The development of cell therapy for repairing damaged or diseased skeletal muscle has been hindered by the inability to significantly expand immature, transplantable myogenic stem cells (MuSCs) in culture. To overcome this limitation, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms regulating the transition between activated, proliferating MuSCs and differentiation-primed, poorly engrafting progenitors is needed. Here, we show that methyltransferase Setd7 facilitates such transition by regulating the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in proliferating MuSCs. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of Setd7 promotes in vitro expansion of MuSCs and increases the yield of primary myogenic cell cultures. Upon transplantation, both mouse and human MuSCs expanded with a Setd7 small-molecule inhibitor are better able to repopulate the satellite cell niche, and treated mouse MuSCs show enhanced therapeutic potential in preclinical models of muscular dystrophy. Thus, Setd7 inhibition may help bypass a key obstacle in the translation of cell therapy for muscle disease.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Judson et al. show that lysine-methyltransferase Setd7 acts cytoplasmically to regulate the differentiation of skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) by priming β-catenin for nuclear import. Pharmacological inhibition of Setd7 can provide a strategy to enhance the in vitro expansion and transplantation potential of murine and human MuSCs.

http://ift.tt/2naWBkw

Use of ENABL® adjuvant to increase the potency of an adenovirus-vectored foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A subunit vaccine

Publication date: Available online 20 January 2018
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): José Barrera, Christopher Schutta, Melia Pisano, Marvin J. Grubman, David A. Brake, Timothy Miller, Barbara J. Kamicker, Femi Olutunmbi, Damodar Ettyreddy, Douglas E. Brough, Bryan T. Butman, John G. Neilan
A foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) recombinant subunit vaccine formulated with a lipid/polymer adjuvant was evaluated in two vaccine efficacy challenge studies in steers. The vaccine active ingredient is a replication-deficient human adenovirus serotype 5 vector encoding the FMD virus (FMDV) A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55 capsid (AdtA24). In the first study, AdtA24 formulated in ENABL® adjuvant was compared to a fourfold higher dose of AdtA24 without adjuvant. Steers vaccinated with AdtA24 + ENABL® adjuvant developed a significantly higher virus neutralizing test (VNT) antibody titer and an improved clinical response following FMDV A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55 intradermal lingual challenge at 14 days post-vaccination (dpv) than steers vaccinated with the active ingredient alone. In the second study, vaccination with AdtA24 formulated in ENABL® at the same dose used in the first study, followed by FMDV A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55 challenge on 7 or 14 dpv, prevented clinical FMD in all steers and conferred 90% protection against viremia. In addition, post-challenge FMDV titers in nasal samples from vaccinated steers compared to unvaccinated steers were significantly reduced. In both studies, none of the AdtA24 vaccinated steers developed antibodies to the FMDV non-structural proteins prior to challenge with FMDV, indicative of the capacity to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). These results demonstrate that administration of AdtA24 formulated in ENABL® adjuvant lowered the protective dose and prevented clinical FMD following exposure of vaccinated steers to virulent FMDV at 7 or 14 dpv.

http://ift.tt/2Edvo7R

Durvalumab verbessert die Prognose beim lokal fortgeschrittenen nicht-kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinom nach definitiver Radiochemotherapie

http://ift.tt/2DFHzNR

Thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity with exclusive gastrointestinal tract involvement: case report and review of the literature

Abstract

Thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity (TAMA) is a recently delineated and rare paraneoplastic syndrome reported in patients with thymoma. The disorder is characterized by graft-versus-host disease-like pathology affecting the skin, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and liver, and is usually associated with a poor outcome. We document a case of TAMA with exclusive GIT involvement which included the stomach, small and large bowel, presenting in a 66-year-old male patient 5 years after complete resection of a type B2 thymoma. A brief review is provided of this scarce syndrome, the GIT pathology described in the 21 TAMA cases reported to date, and the unique characteristics of patients with exclusive GIT involvement by this acquired autoimmune disorder.

http://ift.tt/2rEYpa1

Toxicity of aqueous mixture of phenol and chlorophenols upon photosensitized oxidation initiated by sunlight or vis-lamp

Abstract

It is well established that aquatic wildlife in marine and freshwater of the European Union is exposed to natural and synthetic endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) which are able to interfere with the hormonal system causing adverse effects on the intact physiology of organisms. The traditional wastewater treatment processes are inefficient on the removal of EDCs in low concentration. Moreover, not only the efficiency of treatment must be considered but also toxicological aspects. Taking into account all these aspects, the main goal of the study was to investigate the photochemical decomposition of hazardous phenolic compounds under simulated as well as natural sunlight from the toxicity point of view. The studies were focused on photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol as well as mixture of phenol, 2-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol. Photosensitized oxidation process was carried out in homogeneous and heterogeneous system. V. fischeri luminescence inhibition was used to determine the changes of toxicity in mixture during simulated and natural irradiation. The photodegradation was carried out in three kinds of water matrix; moreover, the influence of presence of inorganic matter on the treatment process was investigated. The experiments with natural sunlight proved applicability of photosensitive chitosan for visible-light water pollutant degradation. The results of toxicity investigation show that using photosensitive chitosan for visible-light, the toxicity of reaction mixture towards V. fischeri has significantly decreased. The EC₅₀ was found to increase over the irradiation time; this increase was not proportional to the transformation of the parent compounds.

http://ift.tt/2DDzN37

Identifying the Predictive Factors of Response to PD-1 or PD-L1 Antagonists

Conditions: Melanoma; Non Small Cell Lung Cancer; Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Intervention: Procedure: Biopsy
Sponsors: UNICANCER; Fondation ARC
Not yet recruiting

http://ift.tt/2DH3hB9

Hippocampus Avoidance During Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy for T4 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients

Condition: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Intervention:
Sponsor: Zhejiang Cancer Hospital
Recruiting

http://ift.tt/2nb1s4e

Study on the Application of Convenient Foot-control Exhaust Method in Endoscopic Thyroidectomy

Conditions: Thyroid Cancer; Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma; Thyroidectomy; Endoscopy
Interventions: Device: used of the Pressure adjustable foot-control method; Device: direct exhaust
Sponsor: wangbo
Recruiting

http://ift.tt/2DERkeZ

Peptide Vaccine in Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma or Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Conditions: Pancreatic Cancer; Colorectal Cancer
Interventions: Biological: Peptide Vaccine; Behavioral: Phone Call; Drug: Pembrolizumab
Sponsor: M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Recruiting

http://ift.tt/2niFJYn

Identifying the Predictive Factors of Response to PD-1 or PD-L1 Antagonists

Hippocampus Avoidance During Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy for T4 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients

Condition: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Intervention:
Sponsor: Zhejiang Cancer Hospital
Recruiting

http://ift.tt/2nb1s4e

Study on the Application of Convenient Foot-control Exhaust Method in Endoscopic Thyroidectomy

Peptide Vaccine in Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma or Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

A novel glycocluster molecule prevents timothy induced allergic airway inflammation in mice

Abstract

Background

Allergen specific immunotherapy (SIT) effectively alleviates type I allergic diseases characterized by T helper (Th) 2-type immunity. Our recent studies have shown that a synthetic trivalent glycocluster, triacedimannose (TADM), suppresses the Th2-type allergic inflammation. The aim of this study was to compare TADM with two well-known adjuvants, unmethylated cytocine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG) and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) in a grass allergen induced chronic allergic inflammation model in mice.

Methods

Female BALB/c mice were intranasally sensitized with 50 μl of timothy grass pollen extract (TE) twice a week for a period of 15 weeks. Therapeutic intranasal treatments were then performed once a week after the tenth intranasal TE instillation using TADM (10 or 25μg/50 μl), CpG-ODN (20μg/50 μl) or MPLA (2μg/50μl). Groups of 9-10 animals per treatment were sacrificed 24 h after the last timothy dosage. Blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and lung biopsies were taken for subsequent analysis.

Results

When mice were repeatedly exposed to TE for 15 weeks, the number of eosinophils and lymphocytes increased in the BAL fluids. The eosinophil and lymphocyte counts decreased dose-dependently, and were practically abolished in the mice treated with TADM. Treatments with MPLA or CpG significantly increased the numbers of neutrophils, while CpG nonsignificantly decreased eosinophilia compared to timothy exposure.

Conclusions

A novel synthetic glycocluster molecule inhibited the development of grass induced eosinophilic pulmonary inflammation in mice when administrated in the airways. This compound could be a candidate to be used either as an adjuvant in SIT or as a topical anti-inflammatory treatment.

http://ift.tt/2ncShkG

Benefits and Harms of Cannabis in Chronic Pain or Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review [Internet].

Eight states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis use for recreational purposes, and 28 states plus the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis for medical purposes. Recent studies suggest that 45-80% of individuals who seek cannabis for medical purposes do so for pain management, and an estimated 6%-39% of patients prescribed opioid medication for pain are also utilizing cannabis. Over one-third of patients seeking cannabis for medical purposes list post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as the primary reason for the request. Approximately 15% of Veterans who are treated in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) outpatient PTSD clinics report recent (past 6 months) cannabis use.

http://ift.tt/2DQFxJU

Treatment Options of Arm Fractures in the Elderly – A Systematic Review and Assessment of the Medical, Economic, Social and Ethical Aspects [Internet].

The Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU) has evaluated the effects, complications, health economic aspects and ethical considerations of arm fractures treatment in the elderly with a mean age above 60 years. The project originates from a proposal from the Swedish Orthopaedic Association. The systematic review also includes studies on how patients with osteoporosis experience participation in their care and their encounters with health care professionals.

http://ift.tt/2FhEIqw

Comparative Clinical and Economic Effectiveness of Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents [Internet].

Visual impairment is a common problem among Veterans and results in significant reduction in quality of life. Diseases commonly responsible for substantial losses in visual acuity include neovascular ("wet") age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), and central or branch retinal vein occlusion (CRVO or BRVO). While the etiologies of these diseases are complex, all are driven at least in part by vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). This has led to the development of several drugs called anti-VEGF agents designed to block these factors and thus limit their damage to the eye. The most commonly used anti-VEGF agents—aflibercept, bevacizumab, and ranibizumab—have been shown to slow and even reverse the vision loss typically seen in patients with AMD, DME, BRVO, and CRVO. The comparative effectiveness, harms, and costs of these drugs are unclear.

http://ift.tt/2DRrynk

Interventions to Improve Foster Children's Mental and Physical Health: A Systematic Review and Assessment of the Economic, Social and Ethical Aspects [Internet].

Many maltreated or troubled children and youth are placed in foster family care for shorter or longer periods. Those children have substantially increased risks of mental and health problems compared to other children, at time of care entry, while in care and in adulthood. It is therefore important to know if interventions for children residing in foster care are effective.

http://ift.tt/2FjHsEb

Factors Affecting the Result of Intralesional Corticosteroid Injection in Patients With Oral Lichen Planus.

Factors Affecting the Result of Intralesional Corticosteroid Injection in Patients With Oral Lichen Planus.

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2018 Jan 26;:

Authors: Lee YC, Lee JS, Jung AR, Park JM, Eun YG

Abstract
Objectives: To examine the factors which affect the improvement or the recurrence of disease after intralesional steroid injection in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP).
Methods: Sixty-two patients diagnosed as OLP were treated with intralesion corticosteroid injection. To evaluate the objective severity of OLP, total severity score of OLP was assessed. To examine the factors affecting the therapeutic effect of intralesional steroid injection, factors were compared between the symptom-improved group and symptom-not-improved group. To assess the symptom of patients, patients filled in 10-cm visual analogue scale, along with an Oral Health Impact Profile-14.
Results: Symptoms improved in 50 patients (80.6%, symptom-improved group), but not in 12 patients (symptom-not-improved group). In a comparison between both group, OLP with lip involvement was the only variable which showed significant difference (P=0.008). Twenty-nine of 50 patients had recurrence of OLP (58%, recurrence group) and 21 of 50 patients did not have recurrence (42%, no-recurrence group). Statistically significant differences were not found between both groups.
Conclusion: This study suggested that patients suffering from OLP with lesion on the lip might not be effective in treating with intralesional corticosteroid injection.

PMID: 29366304 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2rBTgiM

Forestier syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea: Surgical treatment.

Forestier syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea: Surgical treatment.

Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2018 Jan 20;:

Authors: Ribeiro DK, Pinto JA, Freitas GS

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We report a case of obstructive sleep apnea that occurred as a result of Forestier disease and describe the surgical treatment that was performed.
SUMMARY: The patient is a 56-year-old man who presented dysphagia for solids and liquids, snoring (score 10) and excessive daytime sleepiness for 5 years. On fiber optic laryngoscopy examination, there was interarytenoid edema and protrusion of the posterior wall of the larynx. The cervical X-Ray showed protrusion of intervertebral disc between C3-C5 (skeletal hyperostosis) and the polysomnography revealed apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 56 events/h. Surgery was performed by the otorhinolaryngology and orthopedic teams. The patient evolved with complete symptom resolution and an AHI of 3,9 events/h on the control polysomnography.
DISCUSSIONS: This is the first reported case of Forestier Syndrome (FS) associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) that was proposed surgical treatment and the patient evolved with complete symptom improvement.

PMID: 29366867 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2GjaxRm

A comparison of symptoms and quality of life before and after nasal septoplasty and radiofrequency therapy of the inferior turbinate

Abstract

Background

The primary goal of this study is to compare pre- and postoperative symptoms and health related quality of life (HQOL) in 57 patients who underwent septoplasty (group-1), 56 patients who underwent septoplasty combined with radiofrequency therapy of inferior turbinates (RFIT) (group-2) and 58 patients who underwent RFIT alone (group-3). The secondary goal is to investigate if the change in symptoms and HQOL differed between these three patient groups after surgery.

Methods

All patients reported symptoms on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and HQOL on Sino-Nasal-Outcome-Test-20 (SNOT-20) and Short-Form-Health-Survey-36 (SF-36) before and 6 months after surgery. The pre- and postoperative scores and improvement were compared within and between the three patient groups.

Results

Preoperatively the three patient groups had a fairly similar symptom burden and HQOL, except for group-1 which reported more symptoms of oral breathing than group-3 (p < 0.01) and group-3 which reported more problems in the ear/facial--subset of SNOT-20 and in the general-mental-health-domain of SF-36 than group-1 (p < 0.01).

Postoperatively all patient groups reported improved symptom scores of nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, snoring, oral breathing and reduced general health (p < 0.01), and better HQOL (p < 0.05). Patients in group-2 had less symptoms of nasal obstruction than group-3 (p < 0.05). Postoperative symptom score for nasal obstruction was 29.1 (SD67.6) in group-1, 27.5 (SD22.5) in group-2 and 37.2 (SD24.8) in group-3. Revision cases reported more nasal obstruction postoperatively; 41.3 (SD27) than non revision cases; 28.6 (SD24) (p < 0.01).

The HQOL after surgery was about the same in all three patient groups, but we found that patients with comorbidities as sleep apnea and asthma reported worse HQOL than other patients (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Surgical treatment of nasal obstruction led to less symptoms and better HQOL for all three patient groups. Comparing the postoperative scores between the patient groups we find that all groups reached the same level of HQOL. Regarding symptoms, the patients who underwent septoplasty combined with RFIT reported postoperatively less nasal obstruction than patients who underwent RFIT alone which may indicate that a combined procedure of septoplasty and RFIT is better than RFIT alone to treat nasal obstruction. Furthermore, revision cases, patients with sleep apnea and asthma patients seem to have poorer outcome after surgery than other patients. Both disease specific and general QOL instruments add valuable information for identifying factors influencing outcome.

http://ift.tt/2Gl4xY3

Development and validation of a standardized double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge matrix for raw hazelnuts

Double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) is considered the gold standard for food allergy diagnosis. However, this test is rarely performed routinely in clinical practice because of various pra...

http://ift.tt/2DFYik5

Theoretical Effect of DBS on Axonal Fibers of Passage: Firing Rates, Entropy, and Information Content

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has effects on axons that originate and terminate outside the DBS target area. Objective: We hypothesized that DBS generates action potentials (APs) in both directions in "axons of passage," altering their information content and that of all downstream cells and circuits, and sought to quantify the change in fiber information content. Methods: We incorporated DBS parameters (fiber firing frequency and refractory time, and AP initiation location along the fiber and propagation velocity) in a filtering function determining the AP frequency reaching the postsynaptic cell. Using neural circuitry simulation software, we investigated the ability of the filtering function to predict the firing frequency of APs reaching neurons targeted by axons of passage. We calculated their entropy with and without DBS, and with the electrode applied at various distances from the cell body. Results: The predictability of the filtering function exceeded 98%. Entropy calculations showed that the entropy ratio "without DBS" to "with DBS" was always >1.0, thus DBS reduces fiber entropy. Conclusions: (1) The results imply that DBS effects are due to entropy reduction within fibers, i.e., a reduction in their information. (2) Where fibers of passage do not terminate in target regions, DBS may have side effects on nontargeted circuitry.
Stereotact Funct Neurosurg

http://ift.tt/2rJGG0W

New insights on Ethambutol targets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

New insights on Ethambutol targets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2018 Jan 24;:

Authors: Ghiraldi-Lopes LD, Campanerut-Sa PAZ, Evaristo GPC, Meneguello JE, Fiorini A, Baldin VP, de Souza EM, de Lima Scodro RB, Siqueira VLD, Cardoso RF

Abstract
BACKGROUND: In recent years, very few effective drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) have emerged which motivates the research with drugs already used in the treatment of tuberculosis. EMB is a bacteriostatic drug that affects cell wall integrity, but the effects of this drug on bacilli are not fully exploited.
OBJECTIVE: Based on the need to better investigate the complex mechanism of action of EMB, our study presented the proteome profile of M. tb after different times of EMB exposure, aiming to comprehend the dynamics of bacilli response to its effects.
METHOD: M. tb was exposed to subinhibitory concentration of EMB for 24 h and 48 h. The proteins were identified by MALDI- TOF/TOF.
RESULTS: The main protein changes occurred in metabolic proteins as dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase [LpdC] (Rv0462), glutamine synthetase1 [GlnA1] (Rv2220), electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta [ETF-β] (Rv3029c) and adenosylhomocysteinase [SahH] (Rv3248c).
CONCLUSION: Considering the functions of these proteins our results support that the intermediary metabolism and respiration were affected by EMB and this disturbance provided proteins that could be explored as additional targets for this drug.

PMID: 29366429 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2FiDqvE

[Europe and Japan alliance for clinical research in oncology].

[Europe and Japan alliance for clinical research in oncology].

Bull Cancer. 2018 Jan 20;:

Authors: Evrard S

PMID: 29366499 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2EaEL8o

Forestier syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea: Surgical treatment.

Forestier syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea: Surgical treatment.

Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2018 Jan 20;:

Authors: Ribeiro DK, Pinto JA, Freitas GS

PMID: 29366867 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2GjaxRm

Human iPS cell-derived dopaminergic neurons function in a primate Parkinson's disease model.

http:--www.nature.com-images-lo_nature.g

Human iPS cell-derived dopaminergic neurons function in a primate Parkinson's disease model.

Nature. 2017 08 30;548(7669):592-596

Authors: Kikuchi T, Morizane A, Doi D, Magotani H, Onoe H, Hayashi T, Mizuma H, Takara S, Takahashi R, Inoue H, Morita S, Yamamoto M, Okita K, Nakagawa M, Parmar M, Takahashi J

Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are a promising source for a cell-based therapy to treat Parkinson's disease (PD), in which midbrain dopaminergic neurons progressively degenerate. However, long-term analysis of human iPS cell-derived dopaminergic neurons in primate PD models has never been performed to our knowledge. Here we show that human iPS cell-derived dopaminergic progenitor cells survived and functioned as midbrain dopaminergic neurons in a primate model of PD (Macaca fascicularis) treated with the neurotoxin MPTP. Score-based and video-recording analyses revealed an increase in spontaneous movement of the monkeys after transplantation. Histological studies showed that the mature dopaminergic neurons extended dense neurites into the host striatum; this effect was consistent regardless of whether the cells were derived from patients with PD or from healthy individuals. Cells sorted by the floor plate marker CORIN did not form any tumours in the brains for at least two years. Finally, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography were used to monitor the survival, expansion and function of the grafted cells as well as the immune response in the host brain. Thus, this preclinical study using a primate model indicates that human iPS cell-derived dopaminergic progenitors are clinically applicable for the treatment of patients with PD.

PMID: 28858313 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

http://ift.tt/2woeXn2

"Ann Plast Surg"[jour]; +26 new citations

26 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"Ann Plast Surg"[jour]

These pubmed results were generated on 2018/01/26

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

http://ift.tt/2rK9h6o

"Int J Surg"[jour]; +18 new citations

18 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"Int J Surg"[jour]

These pubmed results were generated on 2018/01/26

http://ift.tt/2GjcxZD

Rhizospheric effects on the microbial community of e-waste-contaminated soils using phospholipid fatty acid and isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether analyses

Abstract

We performed the study of rhizospheric effects on soil microbial community structure, including bacteria, fungi, actinomycete, and archaea, at an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling site by analyzing the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) contents. By comparing PLFA and isoprenoid GDGT profiles of rhizospheric and surrounding bulk soils of 11 crop species, we observed distinct microbial community structures. The total PLFA concentration was significantly higher in rhizospheric soils than in non-rhizospheric soils, whereas no obvious difference was found in the total isoprenoid GDGT concentrations. The microbial community structure was also different, with higher ratios of fungal-to-bacterial PLFAs (F/B) and lower relative abundance of Gram-positive bacteria in rhizospheric soils. The extent of rhizospheric effects varied among plant species, and Colocasia esculenta L. had the greatest positive effects on the total microbial biomass. Dissolved organic carbon and pH were the main environmental factors affecting the microbial community represented by PLFAs, while the archaeal community was influenced by copper and zinc in all soils. These results offer a comprehensive view of rhizospheric effects on microbes in heavy metal and persistent organic pollutant co-contaminated soil, and provide fundamental knowledge regarding microbial ecology in e-waste-contaminated soils.

http://ift.tt/2Bv8oyp

Two novel microRNA biomarkers related to β-cell damage and their potential values for early diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.

Two novel microRNA biomarkers related to β-cell damage and their potential values for early diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Jan 23;:

Authors: Liu L, Yan J, Xu H, Zhu Y, Liang H, Pan W, Yao B, Han X, Ye J, Weng J

Abstract
Context: New strategies and biomarkers are needed in the early detection of β-cell damage in the progress of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
Objective: To explore whether serum microRNAs should be served as biomarkers for T1DM.
Design, Settings and Patients: The serum microRNA profile was established with microRNA microarray in discovery phase (6 T1DM, 6 controls). A microRNA-based model for T1DM diagnosis was developed using logistic regression analysis in the training dataset (40 T1DM, 56 controls) and then validated with leave-one-out cross validation and another independent validation dataset (33 T1DM, 29 controls).
Main Outcome Measure(s): Quantitative RT-PCR was applied to confirm the differences of candidate microRNAs between T1DM and controls. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy. INS-1 cells, streptozocin-treated mice (n=4) and NOD mice (n=12) were used to evaluate the association of microRNAs with β-cell damage.
Results: A microRNA-based model was established in the training dataset with high diagnostic accuracy for T1DM (AUC=0.817) based on six candidate differential expressed microRNAs identified in discovery phase. The validation dataset showed the model's satisfactory diagnostic performance (AUC=0.804). Secretions of miR-1225-5p and miR-320c were significantly increased in streptozocin-treated mice and INS-1 cells. Noteworthy, the elevation of these two microRNAs was observed before glucose elevation in the progress of diabetes in NOD mice.
Conclusions: Two microRNA biomarkers (miR-1225-5p and miR-320c) related to β-cell damage were identified in recent-onset T1DM patients. The microRNA-based model established in this study exhibited a good performance in diagnosis of T1DM.

PMID: 29370422 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2FizXx2

Gut Microbial Diversity in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Correlates with Hyperandrogenism.

Gut Microbial Diversity in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Correlates with Hyperandrogenism.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Jan 23;:

Authors: Torres PJ, Siakowska M, Banaszewska B, Pawelczyk L, Duleba AJ, Kelley ST, Thackray VG

Abstract
Context: A majority of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have metabolic abnormalities that result in an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Correlative studies have shown an association between changes in the gut microbiome and metabolic disorders. Two recent studies reported a decrease in alpha diversity of the gut microbiome in women with PCOS compared with healthy women.
Objective: We investigated whether changes in the gut microbiome correlated with specific clinical parameters in women with PCOS compared to healthy women. We also investigated whether there were changes in the gut microbiome in women with polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) that lacked the other diagnostic criteria of PCOS.
Participants: Subjects were recruited at the Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Fecal microbial diversity profiles of healthy women (n=48), women with PCOM (n=42), and women diagnosed with PCOS using the Rotterdam criteria (n=73) were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
Results: Lower alpha diversity was observed in women with PCOS compared with healthy women. Women with PCOM had a change in alpha diversity that was intermediate between the other two groups. Regression analyses showed that hyperandrogenism, total testosterone and hirsutism were negatively correlated with alpha diversity. PERMANOVA of UniFrac distances showed that hyperandrogenism was also correlated with beta diversity. Random Forest identified bacteria that discriminated between healthy women and women with PCOS.
Conclusions: These results suggest that hyperandrogenism may play a critical role in altering the gut microbiome in women with PCOS.

PMID: 29370410 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2DL0CFR

Access to Safe, Timely, and Affordable Surgical Care in Uganda: A Stratified Randomized Evaluation of Nationwide Public Sector Surgical Capacity and Core Surgical Indicators.

Access to Safe, Timely, and Affordable Surgical Care in Uganda: A Stratified Randomized Evaluation of Nationwide Public Sector Surgical Capacity and Core Surgical Indicators.

World J Surg. 2018 Jan 24;:

Authors: Albutt K, Punchak M, Kayima P, Namanya DB, Anderson GA, Shrime MG

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Access to safe surgery is critical to health, welfare, and economic development. In 2015, the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery recommended that all countries collect surgical indicators to lend insight into improving surgical care. No nationwide high-quality data exist for these metrics in Uganda.
METHODS: A standardized quantitative hospital assessment and a semi-structured interview were administered to key stakeholders at 17 randomly selected public hospitals. Hospital walk-throughs and retrospective reviews of operative logbooks were completed.
RESULTS: This study captured information for public hospitals serving 64.0% of Uganda's population. On average, <25% of the population had 2 h access to a surgically capable facility. Hospitals averaged 257 beds/facilities and there were 0.2 operating rooms per 100,000 people. Annual surgical volume was 144.5 cases per 100,000 people per year. Surgical, anesthetic, and obstetrician physician workforce density was 0.3 per 100,000 people. Most hospitals reported having electricity, oxygen, and blood available more than half the time and running water available at least three quarters of the time. In total, 93.8% of facilities never had access to a CT scan. Sterile gloves, nasogastric tubes, and Foley catheters were frequently unavailable. Uniform outcome reporting does not exist, and the WHO safe surgery checklist is not utilized.
CONCLUSION: The Ugandan public hospital system does not meet LCoGS targets for surgical access, workforce, or surgical volume. Critical policy and programmatic developments are essential to build surgical capacity and facilitate provision of safe, timely, and affordable surgical care. Surgery must become a public health priority in Uganda and other low resource settings.

PMID: 29368021 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2DOXpVr

upper respiratory tract infection; +19 new citations

19 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

upper respiratory tract infection

These pubmed results were generated on 2018/01/26

http://ift.tt/2BtB0YS

EphB4: A promising target for upper Aerodigestive malignancies.

EphB4: A promising target for upper Aerodigestive malignancies.

Biochim Biophys Acta. 2018 Jan 21;:

Authors: Salgia R, Kulkarni P, Gill PS

Abstract
The erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma (Eph) receptors are the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that include two major subclasses, EphA and EphB. They form an important cell communication system with critical and diverse roles in a variety of biological processes during embryonic development. However, dysregulation of the Eph/ephrin interactions is implicated in cancer contributing to tumour growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Here, we focus on EphB4 and review recent developments in elucidating its role in upper aerodigestive malignancies to include lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and mesothelioma. In particular, we summarize information regarding EphB4 structure/function and role in disease pathobiology. We also review the data supporting EphB4 as a potential pharmacological and immunotherapy target and finally, progress in the development of new therapeutic strategies including small molecule inhibitors of its activity is discussed. The emerging picture suggests that EphB4 is a valuable and attractive therapeutic target for upper aerodigestive malignancies.

PMID: 29369779 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2Bw8HJ6

PIK3R3 promotes chemotherapeutic sensitivity of colorectal cancer through PIK3R3/NF-kB/TP pathway.

PIK3R3 promotes chemotherapeutic sensitivity of colorectal cancer through PIK3R3/NF-kB/TP pathway.

Cancer Biol Ther. 2018 Jan 25;:1-8

Authors: Ibrahim S, Li G, Hu F, Hou Z, Chen Q, Li G, Luo X, Hu J, Feng Y

Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3(PIK3R3) is overexpressed in different types of human cancer. We previously reported the important role of PIK3R3 in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the prognosis effect of PIK3R3 in CRC is still remaining unclear. In this study, we explored online clinical databases to analyze the prognosis differences between higher and lower expression of PIK3R3 in CRC patients. Interestingly, we found that better disease-free survival (DFS) were occurred in patients with higher expression of PIK3R3, but there is no significant difference in overall survival (OS). For further, we showed that PIK3R3 could enhance 5-FU induced apoptosis by regulating the expression of thymmidine phosphorylase (TP). In conclusion, PIK3R3 could be considered as a predictor of 5-FU sensitivity for personalized treatment, and a therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.

PMID: 29370570 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2FiB1AX

Pim-3 enhances melanoma cell migration and invasion by promoting STAT3 phosphorylation.

Pim-3 enhances melanoma cell migration and invasion by promoting STAT3 phosphorylation.

Cancer Biol Ther. 2018 Jan 25;:1-9

Authors: Liu J, Qu X, Shao L, Hu Y, Yu X, Lan P, Guo Q, Han Q, Zhang J, Zhang C

Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of commonly encountered skin cancer, and has fast propagating and highly invasive characteristics. Pim-3, a highly expressed oncogene in melanoma, is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase with various biological activities, such as proliferation-accelerating and anti-apoptosis effects on cancer progression. However, whether Pim-3 regulates melanoma metastasis has not been determined. Here, we constructed a Pim-3-silencing short hairpin RNA (sh-Pim-3), a TLR7-stimulating ssRNA and a dual-function vector containing a sh-Pim-3 and a ssRNA, and transfected them into the B16F10 melanoma cell line to investigate the effects of Pim-3 on migration and invasion in melanoma. We found that sh-Pim-3 inhibited B16F10 cell migration and invasion in vitro. In a tumor-bearing mouse model, sh-Pim-3 significantly downregulated pulmonary metastasis of B16F10 melanoma cell in vivo. Mechanistically, sh-Pim-3 inhibited metastasis by regulating the expression of genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Further study revealed that by promoting the phosphorylation of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), Pim-3 induced the expression of Slug, Snail, and ZEB1, which enhanced EMT-related changes and induced melanoma migration and invasion. Our study suggests that Pim-3 is a potential effective target for melanoma therapy.

PMID: 29370558 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2DQuMYg

BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 7 is inversely associated with fibronectin expression in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.

BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 7 is inversely associated with fibronectin expression in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2017 Dec 28;:

Authors: Liu Y, Song J, Zhang J, Yang L, Liu Z, Wang X

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 7 (BTBD7) and fibronectin (FN) expression in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) and the function of BTBD7 in proliferation, migration, and invasion of SACC cells.
STUDY DESIGN: The BTBD7 and FN expression in SACC and nontumor salivary tissues as well as SACC cells were characterized by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effect of BTBD7 silencing on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SACC-LM cells were determined by wound healing and transwell invasion assays.
RESULTS: The percentages of SACC with positive BTBD7 expression were significantly higher than those of SACC with FN expression. BTBD7 silencing significantly increased the relative levels of FN expression and inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SACC-LM cells.
CONCLUSIONS: The study data indicated that BTBD7 was inversely associated with FN expression in SACC. BTBD7 may inhibit FN expression, but it promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SACC-LM cells. Hence, BTBD7 may be associated with metastasis and a new therapeutic target for intervention of SACC.

PMID: 29366608 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2neE3Pw

Development of novel biofunctionalized chitosan decorated nanocochleates as a cancer targeted drug delivery platform.

Development of novel biofunctionalized chitosan decorated nanocochleates as a cancer targeted drug delivery platform.

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018 Jan 25;:1-15

Authors: Bothiraja C, Rajput N, Poudel I, Rajalakshmi S, Panda B, Pawar A

Abstract
A new family of biofunctionalized chitosan decorated nanocochleates-mediated drug delivery system was developed that involves uniquely combining nanocochleates with anticancer drug for controlled drug release, targeted delivery, improved bioavailability with reduced toxicity. This system was developed by loading of doxorubicin (DOX) to nanocochleates (DOX-NC) through conversion of negatively charged dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) phospholipid and cholesterol-bearing vesicles on addition of calcium ions, followed by encapsulation DOX-NC with folic acid conjugated chitosan (FA-CHI-DOX-NC). The release of DOX indicated strong pH dependence and implies hydrogen-bonding interaction between nanocochleates and DOX. Formulated FA-CHI-DOX-NC demonstrated higher in-vitro anticancer activity in folate overexpressed human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The targeting effect for the FA-CHI-DOX-NC was also demonstrated. The concentration of the drug needed for growth inhibition of 50% of cells in a designed time period (GI50) was 9.1 µg/ml for DOX while it was decreased by 31.68% for the DOX-NC (6.2 µg/ml). Furthermore, the GI50 value of FA-CHI-DOX-NC was 4.4 µg/ml, i.e. a 51.64% decrease was observed as compared to DOX solution. Moreover, bioavailability of DOX from FA-CHI-DOX-NC increased by 4-fold with long circulation time, slower plasma elimination and no sign of tissue toxicity as compared to DOX solution. The proposed strategy is advantageous in terms of targeted drug delivery and has high potential to address the current challenges in drug delivery. Thus, the prepared new carrier offers a novel formulation that combines the unique properties of a biodegradable material, chitosan and nanocochleates for biomedical applications.

PMID: 29368543 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2FkGk2N

Forestier syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea: Surgical treatment.

Forestier syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea: Surgical treatment.

Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2018 Jan 20;:

Authors: Ribeiro DK, Pinto JA, Freitas GS

PMID: 29366867 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2GjaxRm

Surgical treatment of enterovirus D68 brainstem encephalitis-induced dysphagia.

Surgical treatment of enterovirus D68 brainstem encephalitis-induced dysphagia.

Auris Nasus Larynx. 2018 Jan 20;:

Authors: Togashi T, Baba H, Kitazawa M, Takahashi N, Samejima Y, Yumoto E, Horii A

Abstract
Cluster of acute flaccid paralysis and cranial nerve dysfunction was associated with a 2014 outbreak of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) respiratory illness in US. We describe a 33 year-old male patient of refractory dysphagia due to EV-D68-induced brainstem encephalitis successfully treated by surgery. Following acute upper respiratory tract infection, he developed dysphagia and bilateral facial paralysis. A coughing reflex was readily produced when the laryngopharyngeal fiberscope touched the epiglottis, however, water infusion induced only very weak and slow swallowing reflex, suggesting that only motor component was impaired but sensory function was preserved during swallowing. Despite eight months-conservative rehabilitations, Food Intake Level Scale (FILS) remained level 4. Therefore, corrective surgeries including cricopharyngeal myotomy, laryngeal suspension, and pharyngeal flap were performed. Thirty-six days after surgery, FILS rapidly and dramatically improved to level 8. This is the first report describing a successful surgical intervention for EV-D68-induced refractory dysphagia. Surgical treatment was suitable for EV-D68-induced dysphagia, perhaps because sensory function was preserved and only motor disturbance was present during the pharyngeal stage of swallowing.

PMID: 29366609 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2rI1MwL

Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

! # Ola via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader

Η λίστα ιστολογίων μου

Παρασκευή 26 Ιανουαρίου 2018

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