Head and Neck Diseases by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis: 03/21/17

Τρίτη 21 Μαρτίου 2017

Abdominal CT scan showed a well-delineated, low-density area that exhibited heterogeneous contrast enhancement. The area measured about 20 mm in size and was to the left of the aorta at the level of the inferior mesenteric artery. MRI showed a mass with heterogeneous hypointensity on T1-weighted images and heterogeneous hyperintensity on T2-weighted images. PET-CT scan showed slightly increased 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation within the mass. : Retroperitoneal ectopic thyroid tissue

Retroperitoneal ectopic thyroid tissue

Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182

6948891480

alsfakia@gmail.com

Case of glioblastoma patient treated with tumor treating fields therapy at recurrence degenerating to sarcoma.

Case of glioblastoma patient treated with tumor treating fields therapy at recurrence degenerating to sarcoma.

CNS Oncol. 2017 Mar 17;:

Authors: Majd P, O'Connell DE, Kim RC, Bota DA, Carrillo JA

Abstract
Optune(®) treatment is a US FDA-approved treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) that employs alternating electric fields. Tumor treating field (TTF) therapy can exert its effects on GBM via cell cycle mitosis disruption and cytokinesis. We describe a patient with recurrent GBM who had disease progression following standard surgical treatment and concomitant chemoradiotherapy, and was found to have sarcomatous transformation after initiation of TTF therapy with bevacizumab. Upon tumor progression, repeat surgical resection revealed transformation into a GFAP-negative, reticulin-positive sarcoma with rhabdomyoid features. The possibility of a causal connection between TTF therapy and sarcomatous transformation needs to be further evaluated. No such case of apparent sarcoma formation in the CNS following chemoradiotherapy and/or TTF treatment for GBM has been reported.

PMID: 28303729 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Amyloid-beta immunotherapy: the hope for Alzheimer disease?

Amyloid-beta immunotherapy: the hope for Alzheimer disease?

Colomb Med (Cali). 2016 Dec 30;47(4):203-212

Authors: Barrera-Ocampo A, Lopera F

Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia of adult-onset, characterized by progressive impairment in cognition and memory. There is no cure for the disease and the current treatments are only symptomatic. Drug discovery is an expensive and time-consuming process; in the last decade no new drugs have been found for AD despite the efforts of the scientific community and pharmaceutical companies. The Aβ immunotherapy is one of the most promising approaches to modify the course of AD. This therapeutic strategy uses synthetic peptides or monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to decrease the Aβ load in the brain and slow the progression of the disease. Therefore, this article will discuss the main aspects of AD neuropathogenesis, the classical pharmacologic treatment, as well as the active and passive immunization describing drug prototypes evaluated in different clinical trials.

PMID: 28293044 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2mrwU0w

Treatment of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders after kidney transplant with rituximab and conversion to m-TOR inhibitor.

Treatment of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders after kidney transplant with rituximab and conversion to m-TOR inhibitor.

Colomb Med (Cali). 2016 Dec 30;47(4):196-202

Authors: Nieto-Rios JF, Gómez de Los Ríos SM, Serna-Higuita LM, Ocampo-Kohn C, Aristizabal-Alzate A, Gálvez-Cárdenas KM, Zuluaga-Valencia GA

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders are serious complications of organ transplantation which treatment is not yet standardized.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical response, overall and graft survival of patients in our center with this complication after kidney transplantation, which received rituximab as part of their treatment as well as conversion to m-TOR.
METHODS: Retrospective study, which included patients, diagnosed with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders after kidney transplantation from January 2011 to July 2014.
RESULTS: Eight cases were found with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. Most had monomorphic histology, 85% were associated with Epstein-Barr virus, 25% of patients had tumor involvement of the renal graft, and 12.5% had primary central nervous system lymphoma. All patients were managed with reduction of immunosuppression, conversion to m-TOR (except one who lost the graft at diagnosis) and rituximab-based therapy. The overall response rate was 87.5% (62.5% complete response, 25% partial response). Survival was 87.5% with a median follow-up of 34 months. An additional patient lost the graft, with chronic nephropathy already known. All the remaining patients had stable renal function.
CONCLUSIONS: There are no standardized treatment regimens for lymphoproliferative disorders after kidney transplantation, but these patients can be managed successfully with reduction of immunosuppression, conversion to m-TOR and rituximab-based schemes.

PMID: 28293043 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2m3SKan

Polymorphisms of the lipoprotein lipase gene as genetic markers for stroke in colombian population: a case control study.

Polymorphisms of the lipoprotein lipase gene as genetic markers for stroke in colombian population: a case control study.

Colomb Med (Cali). 2016 Dec 30;47(4):189-195

Authors: Velásquez Pereira LC, Vargas Castellanos CI, Silva Sieger FA

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To analyze if there is an association between the presence of polymorphisms in the LPL gene (rs320, rs285 and rs328) with development of acute ischemic stroke in Colombian population.
METHODS: In a case control design, 133 acute ischemic stroke patients (clinical diagnosis and x-ray CT) and 269 subjects without stroke as controls were studied. PCR -RFLP technique was used to detect rs320, rs285 and rs328 polymorphisms in the LPL gene.
RESULTS: In the present research was not found any association between any of the LPL gene polymorphism and acute ischemic stroke in the population studied; the allele and genotypic frequencies of the studied polymorphisms were similar in cases and controls and followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The study was approved by the IRB and each subject signed the informed consent.
CONCLUSION: LPL gene polymorphisms are not genetic markers for the development of stroke in the Colombian sample used.

PMID: 28293042 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2mrpcnb

Association of socioeconomic stratification with plasmatic markers of lipoperoxidation and antioxidants in Venezuelan school-age children.

Association of socioeconomic stratification with plasmatic markers of lipoperoxidation and antioxidants in Venezuelan school-age children.

Colomb Med (Cali). 2016 Dec 30;47(4):181-188

Authors: Ruiz-Fernández N, Bosch V, Giacopini MI

Abstract
OBJETIVE: To establish association between socioeconomic status and plasmatic markers of lipoperoxidation and antioxidants in Venezuelan school-age children from the middle-class and in critical poverty.
METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 114 school-age children (aged 7-9). The socioeconomic status, dietary intake of macro and micro-nutrients, weight, height, lipid profile, indicators of lipid peroxidation and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were determined.
RESULTS: The daily average intake of energy, carbohydrates and vitamin A, and the percentage of energy obtained from carbohydrates was significantly higher in middle-class children compared to critical poverty children (p <0.05). The circulating oxidized low density lipoprotein (p <0.001) and the susceptibility of low density lipoproteins and very low density lipoproteins to oxidation in vitro (p <0.05) were significantly higher in middle-class children, while the critical poverty children showed significantly lower levels of Vitamin C and E in plasma (p <0.05). Non-enzymatic antioxidant levels were frequently deficient in both strata. The concentrations of circulating oxidized low density lipoprotein (OR: 1.09, CI 95%: 1.016-1.179; p= 0.017) and Vitamin C (OR: 3.21, CI 95%: 1.104-9.938; p= 0.032) were associated to the socioeconomic status independently of gender, family history of premature coronary artery disease, triglicerides, Vitamin C and E dietary intake and count of white blood cells.
CONCLUSION: The socioeconomic status was associated to circulating oxidized low density lipoprotein and Vitamin C in Venezuelan school-age children, The results suggested the need to improve the dietary intake of antioxidants in both studied socioeconomic groups.

PMID: 28293041 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2nlvKDb

Gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 for the treatment of lung cancer.

Gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 for the treatment of lung cancer.

Colomb Med (Cali). 2016 Dec 30;47(4):178-180

Authors: Castillo A

PMID: 28293040 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2o38fvt

Mechanical characterization of curly hair: Influence of the use of nonconventional hair straightening treatments

Background/purpose

Hair straighteners are very popular around the world, although they can cause great damage to the hair. Thus, the characterization of the mechanical properties of curly hair using advanced techniques is very important to clarify how hair straighteners act on hair fibers and to contribute to the development of effective products. On this basis, we chose two nonconventional hair straighteners (formaldehyde and glyoxylic acid) to investigate how hair straightening treatments affect the mechanical properties of curly hair.

Methods

The mechanical properties of curly hair were evaluated using a tensile test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), a torsion modulus, dynamic vapor sorption (DVS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis.

Results

The techniques used effectively helped the understanding of the influence of nonconventional hair straighteners on hair properties. For the break stress and the break extension tests, formaldehyde showed a marked decrease in these parameters, with great hair damage. Glyoxylic acid had a slight effect compared to formaldehyde treatment. Both treatments showed an increase in shear modulus, a decrease in water sorption and damage to the hair surface.

Conclusions

A combination of the techniques used in this study permitted a better understanding of nonconventional hair straightener treatments and also supported the choice of the better treatment, considering a good relationship between efficacy and safety. Thus, it is very important to determine the properties of hair for the development of cosmetics used to improve the beauty of curly hair.

http://ift.tt/2nQwk9x

Facial Analysis to Classify Difficult Intubation

Condition: Difficult Intubation
Intervention: Other: photographing head and neck
Sponsor: Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Recruiting - verified March 2017

http://ift.tt/2nQA7DP

Residual stresses induced by laser welding process in the case of a dual-phase steel DP600: Simulation and experimental approaches

Publication date: 5 June 2017
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 123
Author(s): A. Kouadri-Henni, C. Seang, B. Malard, V. Klosek
This study aimed at characterizing the residual stresses distribution of a DP600 undergoing a laser beam welding. The residual stresses in the ferritic phase have been experimentally determined by the use of the neutron diffraction technique. The results confirmed a gradient of residual stresses among different zones both on the top and below surfaces but also through the thickness of the fusion zone. Low compressive stresses were observed in the BM (Base metal) close to the HAZ zone (heat affected zone) whereas high tensile stresses were observed in the FZ (fusion zone). Two numerical modelling strategies were conducted: first with elastic plastic model (EP) and then with a visco-elastic plastic model (VEP) which takes into account the effect of phase transformation-induced volumetric strain. Both models allowed highlighting the residual stresses evolution through the different zones. Numerical results showed a difference in the residual stresses distribution depending on the model used. In the end, it appears that the high temperature, specific to the laser beam, is the main factor governing the residual stresses. When comparing simulation results with experimental data, the values converge well in some zones, in particular the FZ and the others less.

Graphical abstract

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A method to control delaminations in composites for adjusted energy dissipation characteristics

Publication date: 5 June 2017
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 123
Author(s): M. Kuhtz, A. Hornig, M. Gude, H. Jäger
Concepts to adjust the delamination behaviour of textile reinforced composites are investigated. The composite interfaces are modified by adjusting the interlaminar contact area using perforated PTFE-foils. According mode I and mode II energy release rates are determined and a progressive correlation between the interlaminar contact area and energy release rates is identified. The results are exploited within three point bending experiments to adapt the structural delamination and subsequent energy dissipation behaviour with the proposed interface modification concept. Two structural designs concepts are evaluated numerically: adjusting structural energy dissipation capacity and adjusting the peak levels as well as the characteristic trends of the structural reactive forces. It is demonstrated, that the mechanical response of composite structures can be tailored by controlling their delamination behaviour.

Graphical abstract

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Viscous flow and viscosity measurement of low-temperature imprintable AuCuSi thin film metallic glasses investigated by nanoindentation creep

Publication date: 5 June 2017
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 123
Author(s): Cheng Wang, Yi-Chia Liao, Jinn P. Chu, Chun-Hway Hsueh
The viscous flow typically plays an important role for the deformation of metallic glasses in the supercooled liquid region. This deformation behavior has been widely investigated for bulk metallic glasses. However, studies on the viscous flow and viscosity measurement of thin film metallic glasses (TFMGs) were sparse. In this work, we synthesized four compositions of fully amorphous AuCuSi TFMGs by magnetron sputtering. The glass transition temperature, which is also the temperature of the critical transition point from elastic/plastic deformation to time-dependent viscous flow, was determined using nanoindentation. The nanoindentation creep tests performed with hemispherical and Berkovich indenter tips in the temperature range of 50 to 170°C were proven to be suitable for the viscosity measurements of AuCuSi TFMGs. The activation energy of the flow process was also evaluated from the indentation results and good agreement was obtained between the results evaluated from hemispherical and Berkovich tips. Finally, a nano-scaled imprinted AuCuSi TFMG showed great topological resolution.

Graphical abstract

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Deposition of nanodiopside coatings on metallic biomaterials to stimulate apatite-forming ability

Publication date: 5 June 2017
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 123
Author(s): Erfan Salahinejad, Reza Vahedifard
One of the drawbacks of metals and alloys in biomedical applications is their inefficient fixation to adjacent tissues which can be fairly addressed by applying bioactive ceramic coatings. In this work, colloidal suspensions based on coprecipitation-derived nanoparticulate diopside (CaMgSi2O6) were deposited on stainless steel 316L by dip-coating and subsequent low-temperature sintering. Afterwards, the structure, bioactivity and biodegradation of the samples were in vitro evaluated by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The apatite-forming ability of the surface was found to be improved by using the nanodiopside coating, while controlled by a typical ion-exchange reaction mechanism originating from the film's degradability. In this regard, after soaking the coated samples in a simulated body fluid, an integrated leaf-like precipitation of apatite at early stages and a following non-uniform rose-like growth of apatite with an increased level of the carbonate substitution for hydroxyl were detected. It is eventually concluded that nanodiopside coatings deserve further consideration and development in the biomedical field, where a bioactive fixation is needed along the implant/tissue interface.

Graphical abstract

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Hierarchical porous Bi24O31Br10 microarchitectures assembled by ultrathin nanosheets with strong adsorption and excellent photocatalytic performances

Publication date: 5 June 2017
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 123
Author(s): Jian Song, Lei Zhang, Jian Yang, Xin-Hua Huang, Jin-Song Hu
Construction of hierarchical structure assembled by ultrathin nanosheet is one of the important challenges in material chemistry and photocatalytic field, because this kind of material can combine the advantages of hierarchical structure and ultrathin material. Herein, we propose an ion-exchange approach to the fabrication of novel hierarchical porous Bi24O31Br10 microstructures assembled by ultrathin nanosheets with thicknesses of 3–5nm through a facile reflux process, employing previously-prepared Bi25VO40 micro-cubes as precursors of Bi³⁺ ions. Experiments revealed that the Bi24O31Br10 hierarchical structures possessed a high surface area (~67.16m²/g) and abundant mesopores, leading to the strong adsorption capacity for rhodamine B (RhB) with high concentration. The maximal adsorption quantity of the product was calculated to be 24.4mg/g. Photocatalytic results demonstrated that the as-prepared Bi24O31Br10 sample exhibited a significant structure-induced enhancement of photocatalytic performance. After 12min of UV–visible-light irradiation, 96% of RhB solution (40mg/L) could be completely decomposed. In addition, the trapping experiments confirmed that photo-generated hole was believed as the chief active specie in the degradation process of RhB molecule.Novelty statementConstruction of hierarchical structure assembled by ultrathin nanosheet is one of the important challenges in material chemistry, because this kind material can combine the advantages of hierarchical structure and ultrathin material. Unfortunately, controllable fabrication about hierarchical porous Bi24O31Br10 microstructures is still a huge challenge until today. Therefore, we afford a facile ion-exchange approach to the fabrication of novel hierarchical porous Bi24O31Br10 microstructures built up by ultrathin nanosheets. Moreover, benefiting from the unique hierarchical and ultrathin structural features, the as-obtained Bi24O31Br10 hierarchical structures exhibited strong adsorption abilities towards RhB with high concentration, as well as superior photocatalytic performance.

Graphical abstract

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Facial Analysis to Classify Difficult Intubation

Combined photographic and ultrasonographic measurement of the ANB angle: a pilot study

Abstract

Objective

This study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of noninvasive measurement of the ANB angle using photographic and ultrasonographic methods.

Methods

Twenty consecutive orthodontic patients were evaluated. The ANB angle and soft tissue thickness covering the N, A, and B cephalometric points were measured by lateral teleradiography; these measurements were made by two expert operators. The soft tissue thickness covering the N, A, and B cephalometric points was measured by ultrasonography; these measurements were also made by two expert operators. On a 1:1 photographic profile print on which the ultrasonographic points were marked, the ANB ultrasonographic angle was measured. The following comparisons were considered: averaged and single measurements of N, A, and B points by first versus second ultrasonographer; averaged and single ultrasonographic versus radiographic soft tissue thickness covering the N, A, B points; and averaged and single ultrasonographic versus radiographic measurements of ANB angle.

Results

High correlation and concordance of the averaged and single measurements, but no significant difference, was found between the two ultrasonographers. No statistically significant difference was found between the two methods for measuring averaged soft tissue thickness, but a 20% difference was found for the single measurements. High correlation and concordance between the ultrasonographic and radiographic measurements, but no significant difference, was found between the single and averaged ANB angle measurements.

Conclusion

Ultrasonography seems to be a noninvasive and reliable technique for measurement of the ANB angle and may replace radiographic measurement in some cases.

http://ift.tt/2nzTLHf

Mammalian Diaphanous 1 Mediates a Pathway for E-cadherin to Stabilize Epithelial Barriers through Junctional Contractility

Publication date: 21 March 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 18, Issue 12
Author(s): Bipul R. Acharya, Selwin K. Wu, Zi Zhao Lieu, Robert G. Parton, Stephan W. Grill, Alexander D. Bershadsky, Guillermo A. Gomez, Alpha S. Yap
Formins are a diverse class of actin regulators that influence filament dynamics and organization. Several formins have been identified at epithelial adherens junctions, but their functional impact remains incompletely understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that formins might affect epithelial interactions through junctional contractility. We focused on mDia1, which was recruited to the zonula adherens (ZA) of established Caco-2 monolayers in response to E-cadherin and RhoA. mDia1 was necessary for contractility at the ZA, measured by assays that include a FRET-based sensor that reports molecular-level tension across αE-catenin. This reflected a role in reorganizing F-actin networks to form stable bundles that resisted myosin-induced stress. Finally, we found that the impact of mDia1 ramified beyond adherens junctions to stabilize tight junctions and maintain the epithelial permeability barrier. Therefore, control of tissue barrier function constitutes a pathway for cadherin-based contractility to contribute to the physiology of established epithelia.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Adherens junctions are contractile structures. Acharya et al. find that the formin mDia1 regulates F-actin organization for effective contractility. mDia1-dependent junctional tension also stabilized components of the tight junction to regulate transepithelial permeability, suggesting that junctional contractility is an element that supports the essential barrier function of post-morphogenetic epithelia.

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Trimethylation and Acetylation of β-Catenin at Lysine 49 Represent Key Elements in ESC Pluripotency

Publication date: 21 March 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 18, Issue 12
Author(s): Katrin Hoffmeyer, Dirk Junghans, Benoit Kanzler, Rolf Kemler
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is required for embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency by inducing mesodermal differentiation and inhibiting neuronal differentiation; however, how β-catenin counter-regulates these differentiation pathways is unknown. Here, we show that lysine 49 (K49) of β-catenin is trimethylated (β-catMe3) by Ezh2 or acetylated (β-catAc) by Cbp. Significantly, β-catMe3 acts as a transcriptional co-repressor of the neuronal differentiation genes sox1 and sox3, whereas β-catAc acts as a transcriptional co-activator of the key mesodermal differentiation gene t-brachyury (t-bra). Furthermore, β-catMe3 and β-catAc are alternatively enriched on repressed or activated genes, respectively, during ESC and adult stem cell differentiation into neuronal or mesodermal progenitor cell lineages. Importantly, expression of a β-catenin K49A mutant results in major defects in ESC differentiation. We conclude that β-catenin K49 trimethylation and acetylation are key elements in regulating ESC pluripotency and differentiation potential.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

In ESCs, Wnt/β-catenin signaling induces mesodermal and inhibits neuronal differentiation. Hoffmeyer et al. show that β-catenin is trimethylated by Ezh2 at K49 and associated with gene repression. K49 is also acetylated by Cbp, resulting in the activation of genes. Thus, post-translational modifications of K49 represent a molecular switch for β-catenin function.

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Lineage-Biased Stem Cells Maintain Estrogen-Receptor-Positive and -Negative Mouse Mammary Luminal Lineages

Publication date: 21 March 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 18, Issue 12
Author(s): Chunhui Wang, John R. Christin, Maja H. Oktay, Wenjun Guo
Delineating the mammary differentiation hierarchy is important for the study of mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. Mammary luminal cells are considered a major origin of human breast cancers. However, how estrogen-receptor-positive (ER⁺) and ER⁻ luminal cells are developed and maintained remains poorly understood. The prevailing model suggests that a common stem/progenitor cell generates both cell types. Through genetic lineage tracing in mice, we find that SOX9-expressing cells specifically contribute to the development and maintenance of ER⁻ luminal cells and, to a lesser degree, basal cells. In parallel, PROM1-expressing cells give rise only to ER⁺ luminal cells. Both SOX9⁺ and PROM1⁺ cells specifically sustain their respective lineages even after pregnancy-caused tissue remodeling or serial transplantation, demonstrating characteristic properties of long-term repopulating stem cells. Thus, our data reveal that mouse mammary ER⁺ and ER⁻ luminal cells are two independent lineages that are maintained by distinct stem cells, providing a revised mammary epithelial cell hierarchy.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Wang et al. discovered two distinct lineage-biased stem cells in the mouse mammary gland: one contributes to the development of estrogen-receptor-negative luminal cells, and the other maintains the development of estrogen-receptor-positive luminal cells. These findings provide a new framework for studying mammary differentiation and breast cancer etiology.

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PHD2 Targeting Overcomes Breast Cancer Cell Death upon Glucose Starvation in a PP2A/B55α-Mediated Manner

Publication date: 21 March 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 18, Issue 12
Author(s): Giusy Di Conza, Sarah Trusso Cafarello, Xingnan Zheng, Qing Zhang, Massimiliano Mazzone
B55α is a regulatory subunit of the PP2A phosphatase. We have recently found that B55α-associated PP2A promotes partial deactivation of the HIF-prolyl-hydroxylase enzyme PHD2. Here, we show that, in turn, PHD2 triggers degradation of B55α by hydroxylating it at proline 319. In the context of glucose starvation, PHD2 reduces B55α protein levels, which correlates with MDA-MB231 and MCF7 breast cancer cell death. Under these conditions, PHD2 silencing rescues B55α degradation, overcoming apoptosis, whereas in SKBR3 breast cancer cells showing resistance to glucose starvation, B55α knockdown restores cell death and prevents neoplastic growth in vitro. Treatment of MDA-MB231-derived xenografts with the glucose competitor 2-deoxy-glucose leads to tumor regression in the presence of PHD2. Knockdown of PHD2 induces B55α accumulation and treatment resistance by preventing cell apoptosis. Overall, our data unravel B55α as a PHD2 substrate and highlight a role for PHD2-B55α in the response to nutrient deprivation.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Di Conza et al. show that, following glucose starvation, a high αKG-to-fumarate ratio favors PHD2 activation that promotes apoptosis by degrading B55α. In breast cancer cells, PHD2 knockdown prevents B55α degradation and overcomes apoptosis in response to glucose starvation. PHD2-silenced MDA-MB231 xenografts show accumulation of B55α and resistance to 2DG treatment.

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Human RAD52 Captures and Holds DNA Strands, Increases DNA Flexibility, and Prevents Melting of Duplex DNA: Implications for DNA Recombination

Publication date: 21 March 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 18, Issue 12
Author(s): Ineke Brouwer, Hongshan Zhang, Andrea Candelli, Davide Normanno, Erwin J.G. Peterman, Gijs J.L. Wuite, Mauro Modesti
Human RAD52 promotes annealing of complementary single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). In-depth knowledge of RAD52-DNA interaction is required to understand how its activity is integrated in DNA repair processes. Here, we visualize individual fluorescent RAD52 complexes interacting with single DNA molecules. The interaction with ssDNA is rapid, static, and tight, where ssDNA appears to wrap around RAD52 complexes that promote intra-molecular bridging. With double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), interaction is slower, weaker, and often diffusive. Interestingly, force spectroscopy experiments show that RAD52 alters the mechanics dsDNA by enhancing DNA flexibility and increasing DNA contour length, suggesting intercalation. RAD52 binding changes the nature of the overstretching transition of dsDNA and prevents DNA melting, which is advantageous for strand clamping during or after annealing. DNA-bound RAD52 is efficient at capturing ssDNA in trans. Together, these effects may help key steps in DNA repair, such as second-end capture during homologous recombination or strand annealing during RAD51-independent recombination reactions.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Brouwer et al. show that human RAD52 swiftly and tightly wraps ssDNA around itself. With dsDNA, interactions are weaker and diffusive but drastically change DNA mechanics, suggesting double helix intercalation. DNA-bound RAD52 efficiently captures ssDNA in trans. These features seem favorable for strand annealing, clamping, and second-end capture.

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β-Arrestin2 Couples Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 to Neuronal Protein Synthesis and Is a Potential Target to Treat Fragile X

Publication date: 21 March 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 18, Issue 12
Author(s): Laura J. Stoppel, Benjamin D. Auerbach, Rebecca K. Senter, Anthony R. Preza, Robert J. Lefkowitz, Mark F. Bear
Synaptic protein synthesis is essential for modification of the brain by experience and is aberrant in several genetically defined disorders, notably fragile X (FX), a heritable cause of autism and intellectual disability. Neural activity directs local protein synthesis via activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5), yet how mGlu5 couples to the intracellular signaling pathways that regulate mRNA translation is poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that β-arrestin2 mediates mGlu5-stimulated protein synthesis in the hippocampus and show that genetic reduction of β-arrestin2 corrects aberrant synaptic plasticity and cognition in the Fmr1^−/y mouse model of FX. Importantly, reducing β-arrestin2 does not induce psychotomimetic activity associated with full mGlu5 inhibitors and does not affect Gq signaling. Thus, in addition to identifying a key requirement for mGlu5-stimulated protein synthesis, these data suggest that β-arrestin2-biased negative modulators of mGlu5 offer significant advantages over first-generation inhibitors for the treatment of FX and related disorders.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Stoppel et al. find that β-arrestin2 is a critical link between mGlu5 and activity-dependent neuronal protein synthesis. Reducing β-arrestin2 levels corrects many synaptic and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of fragile X.

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Major Roles for Pyrimidine Dimers, Nucleotide Excision Repair, and ATR in the Alternative Splicing Response to UV Irradiation

Publication date: 21 March 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 18, Issue 12
Author(s): Manuel J. Muñoz, Nicolás Nieto Moreno, Luciana E. Giono, Adrián E. Cambindo Botto, Gwendal Dujardin, Giulia Bastianello, Stefania Lavore, Antonio Torres-Méndez, Carlos F.M. Menck, Benjamin J. Blencowe, Manuel Irimia, Marco Foiani, Alberto R. Kornblihtt
We have previously found that UV irradiation promotes RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) hyperphosphorylation and subsequent changes in alternative splicing (AS). We show now that UV-induced DNA damage is not only necessary but sufficient to trigger the AS response and that photolyase-mediated removal of the most abundant class of pyrimidine dimers (PDs) abrogates the global response to UV. We demonstrate that, in keratinocytes, RNAPII is the target, but not a sensor, of the signaling cascade initiated by PDs. The UV effect is enhanced by inhibition of gap-filling DNA synthesis, the last step in the nucleotide excision repair pathway (NER), and reduced by the absence of XPE, the main NER sensor of PDs. The mechanism involves activation of the protein kinase ATR that mediates the UV-induced RNAPII hyperphosphorylation. Our results define the sequence UV-PDs-NER-ATR-RNAPII-AS as a pathway linking DNA damage repair to the control of both RNAPII phosphorylation and AS regulation.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Muñoz et al. find that UV-induced DNA damage is the main determinant affecting gene expression in response to UV in skin cells. DNA repair and the subsequent activation of ATR modulate RNAPII phosphorylation and alternative splicing patterns specifically in keratinocytes.

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Sirt6 Promotes DNA End Joining in iPSCs Derived from Old Mice

Publication date: 21 March 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 18, Issue 12
Author(s): Wen Chen, Nana Liu, Hongxia Zhang, Haiping Zhang, Jing Qiao, Wenwen Jia, Songcheng Zhu, Zhiyong Mao, Jiuhong Kang
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have great potential for treating age-related diseases, but the genome integrity of iPSCs is critically important. Here, we demonstrate that non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), rather than homologous recombination (HR), is less efficient in iPSCs from old mice than young mice. We further find that Sirt6 is downregulated in iPSCs from old mice. Sirt6 directly binds to Ku80 and facilitates the Ku80/DNA-PKcs interaction, thus promoting DNA-PKcs phosphorylation at residue S2056, leading to efficient NHEJ. Rescue experiments show that introducing a combination of Sirt6 and the Yamanaka factors during reprogramming significantly promotes DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by activating NHEJ in iPSCs derived from old mice. Thus, our study suggests a strategy to improve the quality of iPSCs derived from old donors by activating NHEJ and stabilizing the genome.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Chen et al. find that iPSCs from old mice show lower genomic stability and less efficient NHEJ repair than iPSCs from young mice. This decrease is rescued by overexpression of Sirt6 during reprogramming. Sirt6 binds to Ku80 and facilitates the Ku80/DNA-PKcs interaction, thus leading to efficient NHEJ.

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The SWI/SNF Protein PBRM1 Restrains VHL-Loss-Driven Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Publication date: 21 March 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 18, Issue 12
Author(s): Amrita M. Nargund, Can G. Pham, Yiyu Dong, Patricia I. Wang, Hatice U. Osmangeyoglu, Yuchen Xie, Omer Aras, Song Han, Toshinao Oyama, Shugaku Takeda, Chelsea E. Ray, Zhenghong Dong, Mathieu Berge, A. Ari Hakimi, Sebastien Monette, Carl L. Lekaye, Jason A. Koutcher, Christina S. Leslie, Chad J. Creighton, Nils Weinhold, William Lee, Satish K. Tickoo, Zhong Wang, Emily H. Cheng, James J. Hsieh
PBRM1 is the second most commonly mutated gene after VHL in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the biological consequences of PBRM1 mutations for kidney tumorigenesis are unknown. Here, we find that kidney-specific deletion of Vhl and Pbrm1, but not either gene alone, results in bilateral, multifocal, transplantable clear cell kidney cancers. PBRM1 loss amplified the transcriptional outputs of HIF1 and STAT3 incurred by Vhl deficiency. Analysis of mouse and human ccRCC revealed convergence on mTOR activation, representing the third driver event after genetic inactivation of VHL and PBRM1. Our study reports a physiological preclinical ccRCC mouse model that recapitulates somatic mutations in human ccRCC and provides mechanistic and therapeutic insights into PBRM1 mutated subtypes of human ccRCC.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Nargund et al. present a three-step process in the pathogenesis of mouse and human clear cell kidney cancer. After the loss of VHL, the loss of SWI/SNF tumor suppressor protein PBRM1/BAF180 further activates HIF1/STAT3 signaling in mouse kidney and positions mTORC1 activation as the preferred third driver event.

http://ift.tt/2n5VRvr

Inactivation of Ezh2 Upregulates Gfi1 and Drives Aggressive Myc-Driven Group 3 Medulloblastoma

Publication date: 21 March 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 18, Issue 12
Author(s): BaoHan T. Vo, Chunliang Li, Marc A. Morgan, Ilan Theurillat, David Finkelstein, Shaela Wright, Judith Hyle, Stephanie M.C. Smith, Yiping Fan, Yong-Dong Wang, Gang Wu, Brent A. Orr, Paul A. Northcott, Ali Shilatifard, Charles J. Sherr, Martine F. Roussel
The most aggressive of four medulloblastoma (MB) subgroups are cMyc-driven group 3 (G3) tumors, some of which overexpress EZH2, the histone H3K27 mono-, di-, and trimethylase of polycomb-repressive complex 2. Ezh2 has a context-dependent role in different cancers as an oncogene or tumor suppressor and retards tumor progression in a mouse model of G3 MB. Engineered deletions of Ezh2 in G3 MBs by gene editing nucleases accelerated tumorigenesis, whereas Ezh2 re-expression reversed attendant histone modifications and slowed tumor progression. Candidate oncogenic drivers suppressed by Ezh2 included Gfi1, a proto-oncogene frequently activated in human G3 MBs. Gfi1 disruption antagonized the tumor-promoting effects of Ezh2 loss; conversely, Gfi1 overexpression collaborated with Myc to bypass effects of Trp53 inactivation in driving MB progression in primary cerebellar neuronal progenitors. Although negative regulation of Gfi1 by Ezh2 may restrain MB development, Gfi1 activation can bypass these effects.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Vo et al. show that inactivation of Ezh2 by gene editing accelerated tumor initiation and progression in a mouse model of cMyc-driven group 3 medulloblastoma. Loss of Ezh2 derepressed expression of Gfi1, an oncogenic driver that cooperates with Myc to promote medulloblastoma development.

http://ift.tt/2n63lP9

cis-Regulatory Circuits Regulating NEK6 Kinase Overexpression in Transformed B Cells Are Super-Enhancer Independent

Publication date: 21 March 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 18, Issue 12
Author(s): Yue Huang, Olivia I. Koues, Jiang-yang Zhao, Regina Liu, Sarah C. Pyfrom, Jacqueline E. Payton, Eugene M. Oltz
Alterations in distal regulatory elements that control gene expression underlie many diseases, including cancer. Epigenomic analyses of normal and diseased cells have produced correlative predictions for connections between dysregulated enhancers and target genes involved in pathogenesis. However, with few exceptions, these predicted cis-regulatory circuits remain untested. Here, we dissect cis-regulatory circuits that lead to overexpression of NEK6, a mitosis-associated kinase, in human B cell lymphoma. We find that only a minor subset of predicted enhancers is required for NEK6 expression. Indeed, an annotated super-enhancer is dispensable for NEK6 overexpression and for maintaining the architecture of a B cell-specific regulatory hub. A CTCF cluster serves as a chromatin and architectural boundary to block communication of the NEK6 regulatory hub with neighboring genes. Our findings emphasize that validation of predicted cis-regulatory circuits and super-enhancers is needed to prioritize transcriptional control elements as therapeutic targets.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Huang et al. functionally dissect cis-regulatory circuits associated with NEK6, a mitotic kinase overexpressed in B cell lymphoma. Only a subset of predicted enhancers and CTCF sites cooperatively constructs the regulatory hub of NEK6. A super-enhancer is completely dispensable for maintaining NEK6 expression and architecture in transformed B cells.

http://ift.tt/2n5T2KQ

Critical Role for GAB2 in Neuroblastoma Pathogenesis through the Promotion of SHP2/MYCN Cooperation

Publication date: 21 March 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 18, Issue 12
Author(s): Xiaoling Zhang, Zhiwei Dong, Cheng Zhang, Choong Yong Ung, Shuning He, Ting Tao, Andre M. Oliveira, Alexander Meves, Baoan Ji, A. Thomas Look, Hu Li, Benjamin G. Neel, Shizhen Zhu
Growing evidence suggests a major role for Src-homology-2-domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2/PTPN11) in MYCN-driven high-risk neuroblastoma, although biologic confirmation and a plausible mechanism for this contribution are lacking. Using a zebrafish model of MYCN-overexpressing neuroblastoma, we demonstrate that mutant ptpn11 expression in the adrenal gland analog of MYCN transgenic fish promotes the proliferation of hyperplastic neuroblasts, accelerates neuroblastomagenesis, and increases tumor penetrance. We identify a similar mechanism in tumors with wild-type ptpn11 and dysregulated Gab2, which encodes a Shp2 activator that is overexpressed in human neuroblastomas. In MYCN transgenic fish, Gab2 overexpression activated the Shp2-Ras-Erk pathway, enhanced neuroblastoma induction, and increased tumor penetrance. We conclude that MYCN cooperates with either GAB2-activated or mutant SHP2 in human neuroblastomagenesis. Our findings further suggest that combined inhibition of MYCN and the SHP2-RAS-ERK pathway could provide effective targeted therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma patients with MYCN amplification and aberrant SHP2 activation.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Sequencing studies have identified few recurrent mutations in neuroblastomas. Zhang et al. uncover a non-mutational mechanism that enhances high-risk neuroblastomagenesis: aberrant SHP2 activation through overexpression of its upstream regulator, GAB2. Combined inhibition of MYCN and the GAB2-Shp2-Mek pathway may provide an avenue for improved targeted therapy of neuroblastoma.

http://ift.tt/2n5NCjh

Demethylated HSATII DNA and HSATII RNA Foci Sequester PRC1 and MeCP2 into Cancer-Specific Nuclear Bodies

Publication date: 21 March 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 18, Issue 12
Author(s): Lisa L. Hall, Meg Byron, Dawn M. Carone, Troy W. Whitfield, Gayle P. Pouliot, Andrew Fischer, Peter Jones, Jeanne B. Lawrence
This study reveals that high-copy satellite II (HSATII) sequences in the human genome can bind and impact distribution of chromatin regulatory proteins and that this goes awry in cancer. In many cancers, master regulatory proteins form two types of cancer-specific nuclear bodies, caused by locus-specific deregulation of HSATII. DNA demethylation at the 1q12 mega-satellite, common in cancer, causes PRC1 aggregation into prominent Cancer-Associated Polycomb (CAP) bodies. These loci remain silent, whereas HSATII loci with reduced PRC1 become derepressed, reflecting imbalanced distribution of UbH2A on these and other PcG-regulated loci. Large nuclear foci of HSATII RNA form and sequester copious MeCP2 into Cancer-Associated Satellite Transcript (CAST) bodies. Hence, HSATII DNA and RNA have an exceptional capacity to act as molecular sponges and sequester chromatin regulatory proteins into abnormal nuclear bodies in cancer. The compartmentalization of regulatory proteins within nuclear structure, triggered by demethylation of "junk" repeats, raises the possibility that this contributes to further compromise of the epigenome and neoplastic progression.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Satellite II is a prominent but poorly studied feature of human genomes. Hall et al. show that HSATII DNA and RNA can sequester PRC1 and MeCP2. In cancer, PRC1 bodies form on the demethylated 1q12 mega-satellite, while MeCP2 bodies form on HSATII RNA, potentially leading to further changes in the epigenome.

http://ift.tt/2n5HWWl

Impact of Dietary Interventions on Noncoding RNA Networks and mRNAs Encoding Chromatin-Related Factors

Publication date: 21 March 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 18, Issue 12
Author(s): Christopher D. Green, Yi Huang, Xiaoyang Dou, Liu Yang, Yong Liu, Jing-Dong J. Han
Dietary interventions dramatically affect metabolic disease and lifespan in various aging models. Here, we profiled liver microRNA (miRNA), coding, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression by high-throughput deep sequencing in mice across multiple energy intake and expenditure interventions. Strikingly, three dietary intervention network design patterns were uncovered: (1) lifespan-extending interventions largely repressed the expression of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and transposable elements; (2) protein-coding mRNAs with expression positively correlated with long lifespan are highly targeted by miRNAs; and (3) miRNA-targeting interactions mainly target chromatin-related functions. We experimentally validated miR-34a, miR-107, and miR-212-3p targeting of the chromatin remodeler Chd1 and further demonstrate that Chd1 knockdown mimics high-fat diet and aging-induced gene expression changes and activation of transposons. Our findings demonstrate lifespan-extending diets repress miRNA-chromatin remodeler interactions and safeguard against deregulated transcription induced by aging and lifespan shortening diets, events linked by microRNA, chromatin, and ncRNA crosstalk.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Through liver RNA sequencing and microRNA sequencing in mice across multiple energy intake and expenditure interventions, Green et al. found lifespan-extending interventions largely repressed the expression of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and transposable elements; miRNAs preferentially target mRNAs whose expression positively correlated with lifespan and modulate expression by targeting genes with chromatin-related functions.

http://ift.tt/2n5NBMf

Early Developmental Exposure to dsRNA Is Critical for Initiating Efficient Nuclear RNAi in C. elegans

Publication date: 21 March 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 18, Issue 12
Author(s): Philip K. Shiu, Craig P. Hunter
RNAi has enabled researchers to study the function of many genes. However, it is not understood why some RNAi experiments succeed while others do not. Here, we show in C. elegans that pharyngeal muscle is resistant to RNAi when initially exposed to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) by feeding but sensitive to RNAi in the next generation. Investigating this observation, we find that pharyngeal muscle cells as well as vulval muscle cells require nuclear rather than cytoplasmic RNAi. Further, we find in these cell types that nuclear RNAi silencing is most efficiently triggered during early development, defining a critical period for initiating nuclear RNAi. Finally, using heat-shock-induced dsRNA expression, we show that synMuv B class mutants act in part to extend this critical window. The synMuv-B-dependent early-development-associated critical period for initiating nuclear RNAi suggests that mechanisms that restrict developmental plasticity may also restrict the initiation of nuclear RNAi.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

C. elegans investigators have found that the progeny of worms fed double-stranded RNA often have stronger RNAi phenotypes than the parental generation. Shiu and Hunter show that this is explained, for some tissues, by a necessity for nuclear RNAi, which requires dsRNA exposure during an early critical period.

http://ift.tt/2n5HHe8

The Human CCHC-type Zinc Finger Nucleic Acid-Binding Protein Binds G-Rich Elements in Target mRNA Coding Sequences and Promotes Translation

Publication date: 21 March 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 18, Issue 12
Author(s): Daniel Benhalevy, Sanjay K. Gupta, Charles H. Danan, Suman Ghosal, Hong-Wei Sun, Hinke G. Kazemier, Katrin Paeschke, Markus Hafner, Stefan A. Juranek
The CCHC-type zinc finger nucleic acid-binding protein (CNBP/ZNF9) is conserved in eukaryotes and is essential for embryonic development in mammals. It has been implicated in transcriptional, as well as post-transcriptional, gene regulation; however, its nucleic acid ligands and molecular function remain elusive. Here, we use multiple systems-wide approaches to identify CNBP targets and function. We used photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) to identify 8,420 CNBP binding sites on 4,178 mRNAs. CNBP preferentially bound G-rich elements in the target mRNA coding sequences, most of which were previously found to form G-quadruplex and other stable structures in vitro. Functional analyses, including RNA sequencing, ribosome profiling, and quantitative mass spectrometry, revealed that CNBP binding did not influence target mRNA abundance but rather increased their translational efficiency. Considering that CNBP binding prevented G-quadruplex structure formation in vitro, we hypothesize that CNBP is supporting translation by resolving stable structures on mRNAs.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Benhalevy et al. characterize the RNA-binding protein CNBP/ZNF9 using systems-wide approaches. They find that CNBP preferentially binds at mRNA regions previously found to form G-quadruplex and other structures in vitro. Ribosome profiling revealed that CNBP enhances translation across these sites, which potentially form roadblocks for the ribosome.

http://ift.tt/2n60Cp8

Tissue Myeloid Progenitors Differentiate into Pericytes through TGF-β Signaling in Developing Skin Vasculature

Publication date: 21 March 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 18, Issue 12
Author(s): Tomoko Yamazaki, Ani Nalbandian, Yutaka Uchida, Wenling Li, Thomas D. Arnold, Yoshiaki Kubota, Seiji Yamamoto, Masatsugu Ema, Yoh-suke Mukouyama
Mural cells (pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells) are essential for the regulation of vascular networks and maintenance of vascular integrity, but their origins are diverse in different tissues and not known in the organs that arise from the ectoderm, such as skin. Here, we show that tissue-localized myeloid progenitors contribute to pericyte development in embryonic skin vasculature. A series of in vivo fate-mapping experiments indicates that tissue myeloid progenitors differentiate into pericytes. Furthermore, depletion of tissue myeloid cells and their progenitors in PU.1 (also known as Spi1) mutants results in defective pericyte development. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-isolated myeloid cells and their progenitors from embryonic skin differentiate into pericytes in culture. At the molecular level, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces pericyte differentiation in culture. Furthermore, type 2 TGF-β receptor (Tgfbr2) mutants exhibit deficient pericyte development in skin vasculature. Combined, these data suggest that pericytes differentiate from tissue myeloid progenitors in the skin vasculature through TGF-β signaling.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Yamazaki et al. describe an unanticipated role of tissue-localized myeloid progenitors in pericyte development in the ectoderm-derived skin. The developmental sources of dermal pericytes are heterogeneous, and a portion of dermal pericytes has a hematopoietic/myeloid origin. Moreover, pericytes differentiate from tissue-localized myeloid progenitors through TGF-β signaling.

http://ift.tt/2n5T1GQ

Clinicians' Views on Management and Terminology for Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: A Qualitative Study

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.

http://ift.tt/2nbRalJ

Myocardial Infarction Primes Autoreactive T Cells through Activation of Dendritic Cells

Publication date: 21 March 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 18, Issue 12
Author(s): Katrien Van der Borght, Charlotte L. Scott, Veronika Nindl, Ann Bouché, Liesbet Martens, Dorine Sichien, Justine Van Moorleghem, Manon Vanheerswynghels, Sofie De Prijck, Yvan Saeys, Burkhard Ludewig, Thierry Gillebert, Martin Guilliams, Peter Carmeliet, Bart N. Lambrecht
Peripheral tolerance is crucial for avoiding activation of self-reactive T cells to tissue-restricted antigens. Sterile tissue injury can break peripheral tolerance, but it is unclear how autoreactive T cells get activated in response to self. An example of a sterile injury is myocardial infarction (MI). We hypothesized that tissue necrosis is an activator of dendritic cells (DCs), which control tolerance to self-antigens. DC subsets of a murine healthy heart consisted of IRF8-dependent conventional (c)DC1, IRF4-dependent cDC2, and monocyte-derived DCs. In steady state, cardiac self-antigen α-myosin was presented in the heart-draining mediastinal lymph node (mLN) by cDC1s, driving the proliferation of antigen-specific CD4⁺ TCR-M T cells and their differentiation into regulatory cells (Tregs). Following MI, all DC subsets infiltrated the heart, whereas only cDCs migrated to the mLN. Here, cDC2s induced TCR-M proliferation and differentiation into interleukin-(IL)-17/interferon-(IFN)γ-producing effector cells. Thus, cardiac-specific autoreactive T cells get activated by mature DCs following myocardial infarction.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Van der Borght et al. demonstrate that myocardial infarction induces the priming of autoreactive CD4⁺ T cells specific for cardiac self-antigen α-myosin in the heart-draining lymph node through the maturation and migration of conventional dendritic cells. Using ex vivo co-culture systems, cDC2s are shown to be superior in presenting α-myosin.

http://ift.tt/2n5VMb7

Organization of Functional Long-Range Circuits Controlling the Activity of Serotonergic Neurons in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus

Publication date: 21 March 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 18, Issue 12
Author(s): Li Zhou, Ming-Zhe Liu, Qing Li, Juan Deng, Di Mu, Yan-Gang Sun
Serotonergic neurons play key roles in various biological processes. However, circuit mechanisms underlying tight control of serotonergic neurons remain largely unknown. Here, we systematically investigated the organization of long-range synaptic inputs to serotonergic neurons and GABAergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) of mice with a combination of viral tracing, slice electrophysiological, and optogenetic techniques. We found that DRN serotonergic neurons and GABAergic neurons receive largely comparable synaptic inputs from six major upstream brain areas. Upon further analysis of the fine functional circuit structures, we found both bilateral and ipsilateral patterns of topographic connectivity in the DRN for the axons from different inputs. Moreover, the upstream brain areas were found to bidirectionally control the activity of DRN serotonergic neurons by recruiting feedforward inhibition or via a push-pull mechanism. Our study provides a framework for further deciphering the functional roles of long-range circuits controlling the activity of serotonergic neurons in the DRN.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Zhou et al. used slice physiological recording combined with optogenetics to systematically study the long-range functional input from six key upstream brain areas to both serotonergic and GABAergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus. The results reveal the fine circuit mechanisms that functionally balance the activity of serotonergic neurons.

http://ift.tt/2n63jqv

Clinicians' Views on Management and Terminology for Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: A Qualitative Study

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.

http://ift.tt/2nbRalJ

Bond Strength of Abraded and Non-Abraded Bleached Enamel to Resin After Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery , Vol. 0, No. 0.

http://ift.tt/2nI8osj

Structural effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on peroxidase-like activity for cancer therapy

Publication date: Available online 18 March 2017
Source:Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces
Author(s): Shiyan Fu, Shu Wang, Xiaodi Zhang, Anhui Qi, Zhirong Liu, Xin Yu, Chuanfang Chen, Linlin Li
Ferromagnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) have been proven to have the intrinsic peroxidase-like activity. This property has been used for analyte detection, tumor tissue visualization, and cancer therapy, etc. However, the effect of particle structure and morphology on its peroxidase-like activity has been rarely reported. In this work, we fabricated Fe3O4 nanoparticles with different structures (nanoclusters, nanoflowers, and nanodiamonds) by facilely tuning the pH values in the hydrothermal reaction. Their in vitro peroxidase-like activity was evaluated via chromogenic reaction of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by the reduction of H2O2 to H2O. It was found the nanostructures had a great influence on their peroxidase-like activity, following the order of nanoclusters > nanoflowers > nanodiamonds. With this activity, the peroxidase-like activity of Fe3O4 NPs was used for cancer therapy with the addition of low-concentration H2O2. The cancer cell-killing activity was due to the intracellular generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) after endocytosis of Fe3O4 NPs into the Hela cells. It was interesting that the cell killing ability of these three kinds of Fe3O4 NPs was not consistent with the in vitro enzyme-like activity. It was deduced that the cell endocytosis of the nanoparticles along with their enzyme-like activity co-determined their cancer cell-killing performance.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2mrmPkc

Index

Publication date: 2017
Source:Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics, Volume 199

http://ift.tt/2mrcg0M

Labile Iron Potentiates Ascorbate-Dependent Reduction and Mobilization of Ferritin iron

Publication date: Available online 21 March 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Author(s): Charles Badu-Boateng, Sofia Pardalaki, Claude Wolf, Sonia Lajnef, Fabienne Peyrot, Richard J. Naftalin
Ascorbate mobilizes iron from equine spleen ferritin by two separate processes. Ascorbate alone mobilizes ferritin iron with an apparent Km (ascorbate) ≈ 1.5mM. Labile iron > 2μM, complexed with citrate (10mM), synergises ascorbate-dependent iron mobilization by decreasing the apparent Km (ascorbate) to ≈ 270μM and raising maximal mobilization rate by ≈ 5-fold. Catalase reduces the apparent Km(ascorbate) for both ascorbate and ascorbate + iron dependent mobilization by ≈ 80%. Iron mobilization by ascorbate alone has a higher activation energy (Ea = 45.0 ± 5.5kJ/mole) than when mediated by ascorbate with labile iron (10μM) (Ea = 13.7 ± 2.2kJ/mole); also mobilization by iron-ascorbate has a three-fold higher pH sensitivity (pH range 6.0–8.0) than with ascorbate alone. Hydrogen peroxide inhibits ascorbate's iron mobilizing action.EPR and autochemiluminescence studies show that ascorbate and labile iron within ferritin enhances radical formation, whereas ascorbate alone produces negligible radicals. These findings suggest that iron catalysed single electron transfer reactions from ascorbate, involving ascorbate or superoxide and possibly ferroxidase tyrosine radicals, accelerate iron mobilization from the ferroxidase centre more than EPR silent, bi-dentate two-electron transfers. These differing modes of electron transference from ascorbate mirror the known mono and bidentate oxidation reactions of dioxygen and hydrogen peroxide with di-ferrous iron at the ferroxidase centre. This study implies that labile iron, at physiological pH, complexed with citrate, synergises iron mobilization from ferritin by ascorbate (50–4000μM). This autocatalytic process can exacerbate oxidative stress in ferritin-containing inflamed tissue.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2nzGAWI

Organizers and activators: Cytosolic Nox proteins impacting on vascular function

Publication date: Available online 21 March 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Author(s): Katrin Schröder, Norbert Weissmann, Ralf P. Brandes
NADPH oxidases of the Nox family are important enzymatic sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cardiovascular system. Of the 7 members of the Nox family, at least three depend for their activation on specific cytosolic proteins. These are p47phox and its homologue NoxO1 and p67phox and its homologue NoxA1. Also the Rho-GTPase Rac is important but as this protein has many additional functions, it will not be covered here. The Nox1 enzyme is preferentially activated by the combination of NoxO1 with NoxA1, whereas Nox2 gains highest activity with p47phox together with p67phox. As p47phox, different to NoxO1 contains an auto inhibitory region it has to be phosphorylated prior to complex formation. In the cardio-vascular system, all cytosolic Nox proteins are expressed but the evidence for their contribution to ROS production is not well established. Most data have been collected for p47phox, whereas NoxA1 has basically not yet been studied. In this article the specific aspects of cytosolic Nox proteins in the cardiovascular system with respect to Nox activation, their expression and their importance will be reviewed. Finally, it will be discussed whether cytosolic Nox proteins are suitable pharmacological targets to tamper with vascular ROS production.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2nzSoIp

Data on the effects of low iron diet on serum lipid profile in HCV transgenic mouse model

Publication date: June 2017
Source:Data in Brief, Volume 12
Author(s): Alice Conigliaro, Viviana Costa, Rosario Amato, Carmine Mancone
Here, we presented new original data on the effects of iron depletion on the circulating lipid profile in B6HCV mice, a murine model of HCV-related dyslipidemia. Male adult B6HCV mice were subjected to non-invasive iron depletion by low iron diet. Serum iron concentration was assessed for evaluating the effects of the dietary iron depletion. Concentrations of circulating triglycerides, total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoproteins (LDLs), High Density Lipoproteins (HDLs) were analyzed and reported by using stacked line charts. The present data indicated that low serum iron concentration is associated to i) lower serum triglycerides concentrations and ii) increased circulating LDLs. The presented original data have not been published elsewhere.

http://ift.tt/2nzAlCk

Cost and performance data for residential buildings fitted with GSHP systems in Melbourne Australia

Publication date: June 2017
Source:Data in Brief, Volume 12
Author(s): Qi Lu, Guillermo A. Narsilio, Gregorius Riyan Aditya, Ian W. Johnston
The data reported in this article presents actual installation costs and performance data for a selection of residential Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems in Melbourne, Australia. The installation cost data includes five main cost components: ground loop installation, head pipe installation, heat pump, mechanical room installation, and fittings. The performance data presented here includes timestamp, air temperature and thermal loading. A more comprehensive analysis of this data may be obtained from the article entitled "Economic analysis of vertical ground source heat pump systems in Melbourne" (Q. Lu, G.A. Narsilio, G.R. Aditya, I.W. Johnston, 2017) [1].

http://ift.tt/2mOnrvw

Changes in cellular signaling proteins in extracts from A549, H460, and U2OS cells treated with cisplatin or docetaxel

Publication date: June 2017
Source:Data in Brief, Volume 12
Author(s): Voin Petrovic, Camilla Olaisen, Animesh Sharma, Anala Nepal, Steffen Bugge, Eirik Sundby, Bård Helge Hoff, Geir Slupphaug, Marit Otterlei
Cell extracts from A549, H460, and U2OS human cancer cell lines treated with cisplatin and docetaxel were analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS) proteomic analysis. The extracts were enriched for cellular signaling proteins using a mix of three different immobilized kinase inhibitors (Purvalanol B, Bisindolylmaleimide X, and (R)-3-(4-((1-Phenylethyl)amino)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)benzoic acid (SB6-060-05)) on sepharose bead columns. Raw data is deposited in the PRIDE database [1], project number PXD005286. Data presented (Table 1) shows changes relative to untreated control for each biological replicate for the three cell lines.

http://ift.tt/2nzZ6hs

Genotoxicity kinetics in murine normoblasts as an approach for the in vivo action of difluorodeoxycytidine

Abstract

Purpose

This study analyzed the kinetics of in vivo micronucleus induction in normoblasts by determining the kinetics of difluorodeoxycytidine (dFdC)-induced micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCEs) in the peripheral blood of mice. The kinetic indexes of MN-PCE induction of dFdC were correlated with the previously reported mechanisms DNA damage induction by this compound. In general, this study aimed to establish an in vivo approach for discerning the processes underlying micronucleus induction by antineoplastic agents or mutagens in general.

Methods

The frequencies of PCEs and MN-PCEs in the peripheral blood of mice were determined prior to treatment and after treatment using dFdC at doses of 95, 190, or 380 µmol/kg at 8 h intervals throughout a 72 h post-treatment.

Results

The area beneath the curve (ABC) for MN-PCE induction as a function of time, which is an index of the total effect, indicated that the dose response was directly proportional and that the effect of dFdC on micronucleus induction was reduced compared with that of aneuploidogens and monofunctional and bifunctional alkylating agents but increased compared with that of promutagens, which is consistent with our previous results. The ABC showed a single peak with a small broadness index, which indicates that dFdC has a single mechanism or concomitant mechanisms for inducing DNA breaks. The time of the relative maximal induction (T _rmi) indicated that dFdC requires more time to achieve MN-PCE induction compared with aneugens and monofunctional and bifunctional alkylating agents, although it requires a similar time to achieve MN-PCE induction as azacytidine, which is consistent with evidence showing that both agents must be incorporated into DNA for their action to be realized. The timing of maximal cytotoxicity observed with the lowest dFdC dose was correlated with the timing of the main genotoxic effect. However, early and late cytotoxic effects were detected, and these effects were independent of the genotoxic response.

Conclusions

A correlation analysis indicated that dFdC appears to induce MN-PCEs through only one mechanism or mechanisms that occur concomitantly, which could be explained by the previously reported concurrent inhibitory effects of dFdC on DNA polymerase alpha, polymerase epsilon, and/or topoisomerase. The timing of maximal cytotoxicity was correlated with the timing of maximal genotoxicity; however, an early cytotoxic effect that appeared to occur prior to the incorporation of dFdC into DNA was likely related to a previously reported inhibitory effect of dFdC on thymidylate synthase and/or ribonucleotide reductase.

http://ift.tt/2nzKnTM

Rapid on-chip apoptosis assay on human carcinoma cells based on annexin-V/quantum dot probes

Publication date: 15 August 2017
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 94
Author(s): Helena Montón, Mariana Medina-Sánchez, Joan Antoni Soler, Andrzej Chałupniak, Carme Nogués, Arben Merkoçi
Despite all the efforts made over years to study the cancer expression and the metastasis event, there is not a clear understanding of its origins and effective treatment. Therefore, more specialized and rapid techniques are required for studying cell behaviour under different drug-based treatments. Here we present a quantum dot signalling-based cell assay carried out in a segmental microfluidic device that allows studying the effect of anti-cancer drugs in cultured cell lines by monitoring phosphatidylserine translocation that occurs in early apoptosis. The developed platform combines the automatic generation of a drug gradient concentration, allowing exposure of cancer cells to different doses, and the immunolabeling of the apoptotic cells using quantum dot reporters. Thereby a complete cell-based assay for efficient drug screening is performed showing a clear correlation between drug dose and amount of cells undergoing apoptosis.

http://ift.tt/2nI9LYb

A review on various electrochemical techniques for heavy metal ions detection with different sensing platforms

Publication date: 15 August 2017
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 94
Author(s): BabanKumar Bansod, Tejinder Kumar, Ritula Thakur, Shakshi Rana, Inderbir Singh
Heavy metal ions are non-biodegradable and contaminate most of the natural resources occurring in the environment including water. Some of the heavy metals including Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) are considered to be highly toxic and hazardous to human health even at trace levels. This leads to the requirement of fast, accurate and reliable techniques for the detection of heavy metal ions. This review presents various electrochemical detection techniques for heavy metal ions those are user friendly, low cost, provides on-site and real time monitoring as compared to other spectroscopic and optical techniques. The categorization of different electrochemical techniques is done on the basis of different types of detection signals generated due to presence of heavy metal ions in the solution matrix like current, potential, conductivity, electrochemical impedance, and electrochemiluminescence. Also, the recent trends in electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions with various types of sensing platforms including metals, metal films, metal oxides, nanomaterials, carbon nano tubes, polymers, microspheres and biomaterials have been evoked.

http://ift.tt/2nQritR

Magnetic microspheres-based cytometric bead array assay for highly sensitive detection of ochratoxin A

Publication date: 15 August 2017
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 94
Author(s): Weijun Kong, Changbin Xiao, Guangyao Ying, Xiaofei Liu, Xiaohong Zhao, Ruilin Wang, Li Wan, Meihua Yang
Accurate and sensitive quantification of a specific class of mycotoxins at trace levels in complex matrices with greener approaches is of significant importance. In this study, a green and economical protocol of magnetic microspheres-based cytometric bead array (CBA) assay on indirect competitive principle was developed for sensitive and rapid detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) in malts with a small number of standard and sample solutions. The protocol included the competition of OTA in malt samples and that covalently coupled on the surface of microspheres with its monoclonal antibodies, the separation and aggregation of the magnetic microspheres, and the fluorescence detection of fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G probes. The magnetic microspheres-based CBA assay allowed for ultralow limit of detection (0.025μgkg⁻¹) for OTA and showed higher sensitivity compared with the common polystyrene beads-based CBA method. This is the first report on the magnetic microspheres-based CBA assay by using a simple and easy-to-operate magnetic separator for highly sensitive and rapid detection of OTA in complex malt samples. By consuming less solvent, time and cost, as well as fewer standard and samples, the developed green protocol expressed high potential for one-site real-time detection of trace components in complex matrices.

http://ift.tt/2nI1SBE

Simultaneous monitoring of glucose and uric acid on a single test strip with dual channels

Publication date: 15 August 2017
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 94
Author(s): Jinhong Guo, Xing Ma
The conventional test strip has usually only one electrochemical reaction channel, which requires two times figure punctures for the self-management of patients suffering from both diabetes and gout. Considering the large number of such patients and for the sake of reducing their pains, we report an enzymatic test strip which can simultaneously monitor glucose and uric acid (UA) with only one fingertip blood droplet. The proposed test strip is composed of dual channels. The glucose in blood is detected in the 1st channel above on the substrate and the UA is characterized in the 2nd channel located at the bottom of the substrate. The proposed design intensively matches the requirement of those patients simultaneously suffering from diabetes and gout. We carried out comparative investigations on the proposed test strip and clinical biochemical analyser, which indicates a good agreement and proved the reliability and accuracy of the proposed test strip, as promising solution for the fast growth of family health management market.

http://ift.tt/2mHTq0s

A novel versatile microbiosensor for local hydrogen detection by means of scanning photoelectrochemical microscopy

Publication date: 15 August 2017
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 94
Author(s): Fangyuan Zhao, Felipe Conzuelo, Volker Hartmann, Huaiguang Li, Stefanie Stapf, Marc M. Nowaczyk, Matthias Rögner, Nicolas Plumeré, Wolfgang Lubitz, Wolfgang Schuhmann
The development of a versatile microbiosensor for hydrogen detection is reported. Carbon-based microelectrodes were modified with a [NiFe]-hydrogenase embedded in a viologen-modified redox hydrogel for the fabrication of a sensitive hydrogen biosensor By integrating the microbiosensor in a scanning photoelectrochemical microscope, it was capable of serving simultaneously as local light source to initiate photo(bio)electrochemical reactions while acting as sensitive biosensor for the detection of hydrogen. A hydrogen evolution biocatalyst based on photosystem 1-platinum nanoparticle biocomplexes embedded into a specifically designed redox polymer was used as a model for proving the capability of the developed hydrogen biosensor for the detection of hydrogen upon localized illumination. The versatility and sensitivity of the proposed microbiosensor as probe tip allows simplification of the set-up used for the evaluation of complex electrochemical processes and the rapid investigation of local photoelectrocatalytic activity of biocatalysts towards light-induced hydrogen evolution.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2nQtfXh

Effect of gentamicin and levels of ambient sound on hearing screening outcomes in the neonatal intensive care unit: A pilot study

Hearing loss rates in infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICU) run at 2-15%, compared to 0.3% in full-term births. The etiology of this difference remains poorly understood. We examined whether the level of ambient sound and/or cumulative gentamicin (an aminoglycoside) exposure affect NICU hearing screening results, as either exposure can cause acquired, permanent hearing loss. We hypothesized that higher levels of ambient sound in the NICU, and/or gentamicin dosing, increase the risk of referral on the distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) assessments and/or automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) screens.

http://ift.tt/2nbIBqN

Bone formation of demineralized human dentin block graft with different demineralization time: in vitro and in vivo study

To evaluate structural and physicochemical characteristics of demineralized human dentin block with increasing demineralization time and to assess new bone formation when onlay grafted at different demineralization times in rat calvaria.

http://ift.tt/2mr5DeR

Maxillofacial growth and speech outcome after one-stage or two-stage palatoplasty in unilateral cleft lip and palate. A systematic review

The number of surgical procedures to repair a cleft palate may play a role in the outcome for maxillofacial growth and speech. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the relationship between the number of surgical procedures performed to repair the cleft palate and maxillofacial growth, speech and fistula formation in non-syndromic patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.

http://ift.tt/2mSVa7V

[The quality of dental care: characteristics and criteria].

[The quality of dental care: characteristics and criteria].

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2017;96(1):23-24

Authors: Vagner VD, Bulycheva EA

Abstract
The paper discusses features and criteria of dental care according to legislative acts in Russian Federation. The study contains detailed assessment of safety, cost/effectiveness ratio and adequate timing as features and adhesion to standards, absence of complications and patients satisfaction as criteria for dental care quality.

PMID: 28317824 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2mNLL0J

[Variations of oral fluid microbiota in healthy children and adolescents].

[Variations of oral fluid microbiota in healthy children and adolescents].

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2017;96(1):56-59

Authors: Davydov BN, Samoukina AM, Mikhailova ES, Gavrilova OA, Alekseeva YA

Abstract
The aim of the study was to establish the bacterial and viral associations of saliva and the immune resistance in 127 healthy people of different ages. The analysis sorted out three variants of oral fluid microbiota differing by certain combination of indigenous and facultative microflora. It was found that with age there is a significant increase in the number of adolescents with the third variant of the microbiota, characterized by a decrease in the number of indigenous microflora and increase in opportunistic microorganisms and viruses. With an increase in microecological shifts a tendency to decrease the level of lysozyme, an increase in the number of secretory IgA, accompanied by a decrease in antibody was revealed. It has been shown that bacterial and viral component of the microbiota of the oral fluid are in a dynamic relationship with each other, as well as immune resistance and can serve as an indicator of the health level and the selection criteria at the stages of clinical examination of children and adolescents, with the risk of dental disease.

PMID: 28317832 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2mNLCKK

[Conceptual approach to classification of implant supported prosthesis for edentulous patients].

[Conceptual approach to classification of implant supported prosthesis for edentulous patients].

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2017;96(1):51-55

Authors: Trezubov VN, Rozov RA, Azarin GS

Abstract
The aim of this study was the creation of a conceptual model of the standard implant prosthetics for edentulous patients using the data of comprehensive examination and implantation prosthetics in 372 patients aged 38 to 80 years (201 women, 171 men) with 582 implant supported prosthesis of various types, supporting on implants «Nobel Replace Select/Groove» and «Nobel Speedy Groove» (3675 implants). Clinical classification of implant-supported prosthesis for edentulous patients included 5 classes: class 1 (1-2 implants) included 6.2% of implant supported prosthesis, class 2 (3-4 implant) - 19.2% of prostheses, class 3 (5-6 implants) - 30.2% of replacement structures; IV (7-10 implants) - 44%, and V - 0,3%. Restoration class was age-dependent.

PMID: 28317831 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2mNUEHv

[Experience of organ spare sialolitiasis treatment using sialoendoscopy].

[Experience of organ spare sialolitiasis treatment using sialoendoscopy].

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2017;96(1):46-50

Authors: Balin VN, Zolotukhin SY

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of organ spare sialolitiasis treatment by sialoscopy-guided techniques. The study included 317 patients with parotid and submandibular sialolitiasis. In 22 patients conventional surgical approach was used because of distal location and larger size of concrements, while in 295 miniinvasive sialoscopy-guided procedures were performed. The use of sialoscopy-guided approach drastically diminished the rate of submandibular glands extirpations (performed in 5% of patients), as well as early and long-term surgical complications.

PMID: 28317830 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2mNW2da

[Modern approaches to dental implants placement in deficient alveolar bone].

[Modern approaches to dental implants placement in deficient alveolar bone].

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2017;96(1):43-45

Authors: Kulakov AA, Gvetadze RS, Brailovskaya TV, Khar'kova AA, Dzikovitskaya LS

Abstract
The paper presents statistical data on implant placement procedures in Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery (Moscow, Russia) in 2010-2015. In 64% of cases inadequate bone volume was attributed to alveolar bone atrophy. Bone deficiency was equally often in upper and lower jaws (in 49.3 and 50.7%, correspondently) but varied in forms with complex configurations to be more specific for maxilla. The study also includes a series of clinical cases illustrating implant placement procedures in anatomically unfavorable settings.

PMID: 28317829 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2mNUEqZ

[Magnetic therapy for complex treatment of chronic periodontal disease].

[Magnetic therapy for complex treatment of chronic periodontal disease].

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2017;96(1):40-42

Authors: P'yanzina AV

Abstract
The aim of the study was to elaborate the methodology of magnetic therapy for complex treatment of chronic periodontal disease (CPD). The study included 60 patients aged 35 to 65 years with moderate CPD divided in 2 groups. Patients in group 1 (controls) received impulse carbonate irrigation for 12 min №10, group 2 additionally received magnetic therapy for 5 min №10 in maxillary and mandibular areas.
CLINICAL RESULTS: periodontal and rheological indices proved magnetic therapy to be useful tool for eradication of inflammation, periodontal tissue functional recovery and stabilization.

PMID: 28317828 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2mO1iO1

[Direct restoration of the tooth crown using various core build-up materials].

[Direct restoration of the tooth crown using various core build-up materials].

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2017;96(1):33-39

Authors: Maksimovskaya LN, Krutov VA, Kuprin PV, Kuprina MA

Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess direct restorations mechanical properties (both in vitro and in vivo) to improve dental restorations quality after root canal treatment. Laboratory tests showed that using nanocomposite materials of dual curing with the fiberglass reinforced posts improves restoration strength in endodontically treated teeth: by 3.9±5.8% in class II Peroz restorations, 12.6±5.9 and 24.2±4.2% in class III and IV, correspondently. Using fiberglass reinforced posts (LuxaPost) for the restoration of the tooth crown after endodontic treatment significantly decreases the number of complications associated with marginal leakage of the restoration during first 2 years after treatment (p<005).

PMID: 28317827 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2mO4rx9

[Modern approaches to periodontal microcirculatory parameters assessment].

[Modern approaches to periodontal microcirculatory parameters assessment].

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2017;96(1):28-32

Authors: Krechina EK, Smirnova TN

Abstract
The article presents comprehensive functional study of periodontal tissues in 62 patients aged 20-45 with periodontal disease by laser Doppler flowmetry, Doppler ultrasound and computer capillaroscopy. All patients were divided into 5 groups depending on the severity of inflammation in the periodontium (chronic gingivitis, light, moderate and severe chronic periodontal disease). The relationship between microcirculatory indexes was evaluated by Pearson Product Moment Correlation or PPMC. The study shows high correlation between blood flow velocity measurement, diameter of microvessels and oxygen saturation in periodontal tissues that establish a direct relationship between studied parameters.

PMID: 28317826 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2mO4Xey

[Factors aggravating symptoms of xerostomia].

[Factors aggravating symptoms of xerostomia].

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2017;96(1):25-27

Authors: Makeeva IM, Volkov AG, Arakelyan MG, Makarenko NV

PMID: 28317825 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2mO4Jo3

[Functional cardiovascular assessment in dentists performing local anesthesia in out-patient settings].

[Functional cardiovascular assessment in dentists performing local anesthesia in out-patient settings].

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2017;96(1):20-22

Authors: Rabinovich SA, Razumova SN, Vasil'ev YL

Abstract
The article presents the results of the cardiovascular changes assessment using electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring during local anesthesia in GP dentists. Selective ECG monitoring was carried out in 60 dentists aged 25-55 years (1 group - 25-34 y.o.; 2 group - 35-44 y.o.; 3 group - 45-55 y.o.) by means of portable «Valens» system. The study of stress index or the index of regulatory systems tension (IT) was conducted for 6 hours in the first day half within 1 working day. IT from 50 to 150 relative units was considered normal. In the first group IT peak was observed at the time of expectation of clinically relevant anesthesia in upper and lower jaw, while in the second and third groups it was associated with pain reaction in the course of treatment despite of clinical signs of anesthesia in the maxilla (IT=20±5.3 and 231±1.4, correspondingly) and mandible (IT=213±2.7 and 223±2.6, correspondingly). In all groups greater IT correlated more with mandible anesthesia events.

PMID: 28317823 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2mO1jkU

[Implementation of electronic registry in orthodontic clinic].

[Implementation of electronic registry in orthodontic clinic].

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2017;96(1):16-19

Authors: Persin LS, Merzhvinskaya EI

Abstract
The paper describes technical and methodological features of electronic registry in orthodontic clinic. The authors elaborated custom made software according to Russian Ministry of Health requirements for medical local nets and databases. The registry allows processing of medical statistics and forming of reports, as well as analyzing medical staff effectiveness and seasonal dynamics of clinical work.

PMID: 28317822 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2mO4pW3

[Long-term results of dental health examinations of employees of industrial enterprises with hazardous working conditions].

[Long-term results of dental health examinations of employees of industrial enterprises with hazardous working conditions].

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2017;96(1):12-15

Authors: Olesova VN, Uiba VV, Novozemtseva TN, Remizova AA, Olesov EE

Abstract
The article analyzes the results of dental examination of employees with hazardous and normal working conditions in Atomenergomash enterprise with various dental care organization regimens and provides clear evidence of the effectiveness of serial attendances care in enterprise dental offices in terms of reduction in the dental treatment needs. Additional funding for departmental dental services was calculated by comparing the real cost of dental treatment and MHI tariffs allowing implementation of proposed dental care program.

PMID: 28317821 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2mNUCzn

[Formation of bone in critical calvarias defects in rats under the influence of bisphosphonate alendronate Na complex].

[Formation of bone in critical calvarias defects in rats under the influence of bisphosphonate alendronate Na complex].

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2017;96(1):8-11

Authors: Grigor'yan AS, Brailovskaya TV, Varda NS, Gurin AN

Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate dynamic of tissue structures in critical defects of calvaria of rats after inoculation of bisphosphonate (BF) alendronate Na complex into bone defects. Animal model included 24 Wistar rats divided in 3 groups: spontaneous healing under blot clot (1), inoculation of carbonate hydroxide apatite β-tricalcium phosphate blocks (2) and BF alendronate Na complex (3) on 15, 30, 60 and 90 experiment day. New bone formation was observed in group 3 as opposed to groups 1 and 2.

PMID: 28317820 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2mO12P9

[Correlation of chronic periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease].

[Correlation of chronic periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease].

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2017;96(1):4-7

Authors: Grudyanov AI, Tkacheva ON, Avraamova TV

Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess correlative risk of progression of inflammatory periodontal lesions, the development of a systemic inflammatory reaction and cardiovascular diseases. The study involved 89 patients with chronic periodontal disease (CPD) of varying degrees. High cardiovascular disease risk was revealed in 8.8% of patients with moderate and 13.3% of patients with severe periodontal disease. It is proved that an additional factor contributing to the pathogenic relationship between periodontal inflammatory changes and the development of cardiovascular disease is systemic inflammatory response with increased hrC-reactive protein >3.4 mg/l and interleukin-6 to11.0±3.4 mg/l. Changes of blood lipid spectrum with a reduction in apolipoprotein A1 were associated with progression and development of the CPD. Correlations of somatic and dental pathology requires dentists and cardiologists joint efforts to modify common risk factors.

PMID: 28317819 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2mO7SE7

"Hell J Nucl Med"[jour]; +18 new citations

18 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"Hell J Nucl Med"[jour]

These pubmed results were generated on 2017/03/21

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

http://ift.tt/2mNZSTQ

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anaesthesia; 2nd edition.

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2o2TXuO

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anaesthesia; 2nd edition.

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2o2TXuO

"Hell J Nucl Med"[jour]; +18 new citations

18 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"Hell J Nucl Med"[jour]

These pubmed results were generated on 2017/03/21

http://ift.tt/2mNZSTQ

Asking Better Questions: How Presentation Formats Influence Information Search.

Author: Wu, Charley M.; Meder, Bjorn; Filimon, Flavia; Nelson, Jonathan D.

DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000374

Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 20 March 2017

http://ift.tt/2mSK6rv

Reading Through the Life Span: Individual Differences in Psycholinguistic Effects.

Author: Davies, Rob A. I.; Arnell, Ruth; Birchenough, Julia M. H.; Grimmond, Debbie; Houlson, Sam

DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000366

Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 20 March 2017

http://ift.tt/2mSxVuW

Current thinking about the management of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint: a review

Increasingly the management of TMJ pathology is becoming a subspecialist interest. The number of patients having TMJ joint replacement had steadily increased over the last decade and there is now NICE guidance on this matter. Whilst the evidence of the management of TMJ disease is limited and there are few randomised controlled trials, the incidence of TMJ pathology has not changed and there is a requirement for guidance on the management. Whilst previously patients with TMJ pain were managed surgically, this is changing, and the vast bulk of initial management is non-surgical/medical.

http://ift.tt/2o2yYIO

"Anticancer Res"[jour]; +104 new citations

104 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"Anticancer Res"[jour]

These pubmed results were generated on 2017/03/21

http://ift.tt/2nbrh5i

Botulinum neurotoxin type A for the treatment of pain: not just in migraine and trigeminal neuralgia

Despite their huge epidemiological impact, primary headaches, trigeminal neuralgia and other chronic pain conditions still receive suboptimal medical approach, even in developed countries. The limited efficacy...

http://ift.tt/2nkM9rl

Anxiety and depression symptoms and migraine: a symptom-based approach research

Anxiety and mood disorders have been shown to be the most relevant psychiatric comorbidities associated with migraine, influencing its clinical course, treatment response, and clinical outcomes. Limited inform...

http://ift.tt/2o2NX5g

Voice Quality Following Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis: A Randomized Comparison of Therapeutic Modalities

In this work, a study on the efficacy of different therapeutic modalities in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) was carried out. The study included 20 patients with UVFP, divided into two groups. The objective of this work is to evaluate the voice quality in these patients and to compare the voice following surgery and voice therapy. Group I received voice therapy and group II underwent thyroplasty type I and type IV. The voice was assessed pretreatment and 1 and 3 months posttreatment.

http://ift.tt/2mSkz1P

Corrigendum to “malignant transformation of keratocystic odontogenic tumor: Two case reports” [American journal of otolaryngology 34 (2013) 357–361]

The author Sok Yan Tay was incorrectly listed as Tay Sok Yan in the original publication of the article. The correct name is Sok Yan Tay as reproduced above.

http://ift.tt/2nzrHUh

Corrigendum to “malignant transformation of keratocystic odontogenic tumor: Two case reports” [American journal of otolaryngology 34 (2013) 357–361]

The author Sok Yan Tay was incorrectly listed as Tay Sok Yan in the original publication of the article. The correct name is Sok Yan Tay as reproduced above.

http://ift.tt/2nzrHUh

Successful Treatment of Postoperative Pain After Mohs Micrographic Surgery With Onabotulinum Toxin A.

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2nyt1H4

Optimizing Smartphones for Clinical Photography.

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2mNd1MZ

Clinical Features and Treatment of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans Affecting the Vulva: A Literature Review.

BACKGROUND: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a low-to-intermediate grade cutaneous neoplasm with a low propensity for metastasis and a high rate of local recurrence. It typically presents as a dermal plaque or nodule on the trunk, limbs, or head and neck region. Vulvar DFSP has also been described, although it is less common. OBJECTIVE: To review the available literature and discuss the clinical course of DFSP affecting the vulva. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the existing English-language literature on DFSP of the vulva with respect to clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. RESULTS: Thirty three case reports and series were included (n = 54 patients). Vulvar DFSP most commonly presents as a slowly enlarging tender or asymptomatic mass on the labia majora, with histological findings of classic DFSP. Most patients were treated with wide local excision. Three patients were treated with Mohs micrographic surgery, which may decrease local recurrence and seems well suited for use in vulvar DFSP. CONCLUSION: This literature review comprehensively reviews and describes the clinical presentation of vulvar DFSP and the treatment options for this rare vulvar neoplasm. (C) 2017 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2nyoaWa

Intraoral Laser Hair Removal of a Palate Free Flap: Tips and Technique.

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2mNa0vX

Herpes Zoster at the Site of Mohs Micrographic Surgery in an Immunocompromised Individual.

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2nygUJL

Repair of a Full-Thickness Defect Involving Multiple Cosmetic Subunits of the Central Face.

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2mN8OZi

An 18-Month Follow-up of Digital Myxoid Cysts After Therapy With Percutaneous Sclerotherapy With Polidocanol.

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2nyx1XK

Tumor Margin Assessment With Loupe Magnification Enables Greater Histological Clearance of Facial Basal Cell Carcinomas Compared With Clinical Examination Alone.

BACKGROUND: Surgical excision of facial basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) is a balance between oncological clearance and conservation of cosmetic and functionally sensitive tissues. OBJECTIVE: To assess if loupe magnification (LM) can enhance the visual assessment of BCC tumor margins resulting in a greater histological clearance. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This prospective study randomized patients with primary facial BCCs into preoperative tumor margin assessment with LM (study group) or clinical examination alone (control group). Basal cell carcinomas were excised with a predetermined surgical margin of either 2, 3,, or 4 mm. Mean histological margin, incomplete excision rate, and method of closure were recorded and compared between LM and control groups, across a range of surgical margins. RESULTS: Ninety-four BCCs were excised from 93 patients, 47 BCCs in each group. The mean histological margin was larger in the study versus control group for each group (2-mm margin, 1.8 vs 1.4, 3-mm margin, 2.4 vs 2.3, 4-mm margin, and 3.1 vs 2.7), but only statistically significant in the 4-mm group (p = .032). There was no difference in method of closure between LM and control groups. CONCLUSION: Loupe magnification improved tumor margin assessment for facial BCC enabling a greater diameter of histological clearance. The use of LM should become a standard practice for facial BCC excision. (C) 2017 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2nylPdP

Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

! # Ola via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader

Η λίστα ιστολογίων μου

Τρίτη 21 Μαρτίου 2017

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