Head and Neck Diseases by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis: 12/02/17

Σάββατο 2 Δεκεμβρίου 2017

Volatile fatty acid augmentation and microbial community responses in anaerobic co-fermentation process of waste-activated sludge mixed with corn stalk and livestock manure

Abstract

This study investigated the acidogenic and microbiological perspectives in the anaerobic co-fermentation of waste-activated sludge (WAS) mixed with corn stalk (CS) and pig manure (PM). The volatile fatty acids (VFAs) increased dramatically to over 5000 mg COD/L accumulation just within 4–5 days with the feedstock carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio regulation of 20/1. The CS and PM addition enhanced the compressibility of fermentation residuals by increasing the particle distribution spread index (DSI). Moreover, the external carbon addition conduced to bacterial consortia diversity rising and uneven population distribution in the co-fermentation, which contributed to VFAs accumulation potentially. The organic loading rate (OLR) correlated with bacterial community closely at the early stage (days 1–5), while the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH played more important roles on bacterial consortia at the terminal stage (days 6–10). The C/N ratio adjustment by CS and PM and proper optimizations of OLR, pH, and ORP at various running stages facilitated VFA accumulation during the co-fermentation operation.

http://ift.tt/2iGQJ3x

Temporal-spatial variations and influencing factors of nitrogen in the shallow groundwater of the nearshore vegetable field of Erhai Lake, China

Abstract

Nitrogen export from the nearshore vegetable field of Erhai Lake seriously threatens the water quality of Erhai Lake, which is the second largest highland freshwater lake in Yunnan Province, China. Among the nitrogen flows into Erhai Lake, shallow groundwater migration is a major pathway. The nitrogen variation and influencing factors in the shallow groundwater of the nearshore vegetable field of Erhai Lake are not well documented. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to determine the concentrations of nitrogen species in the shallow groundwater and their influencing factors in the nearshore vegetable field of Erhai Lake. The results showed that concentrations of TN, NO₃⁻-N, and NO₂⁻-N gradually increased with increasing elevation and distance from Erhai Lake, but the opposite was observed for NH₄⁺-N in the shallow groundwater. The concentrations of nitrogen species in the rainy season were greater than those in the dry season. NO₃⁻-N accounted for more than 79% of total nitrogen in shallow groundwater. Redundancy analysis showed that more than 70% of the temporal and spatial variations of nitrogen concentrations in the shallow groundwater were explained by shallow groundwater depth, and only approximately 10% of variation was explained by the factors of soil porosity, silt clay content of soil, and NH₄⁺-N and NO₃⁻-N concentrations of soil (p < 0.05). The shallow groundwater depth had more notable effects on nitrogen concentrations in the shallow groundwater than other factors. This result will strongly support the need for further research regarding the management practices for reducing nitrogen concentrations in shallow groundwater.

http://ift.tt/2ACXLgB

Hydraulic connection affects uranium distribution in the Gas Hure salt lake, Qaidam Basin, China

Abstract

The widespread hydraulic connection is necessary for the formation of a salt lake. However, only limited studies have ever been carried out to investigate the influence of the hydraulic connection on the distribution of elements around certain salt lake. In this study, a total of 66 water samples (including river water, stream water, spring water, brine, intercrystalline brine, well water, and drilling brine) were collected around the Gas Hure salt lake (GSKLH) to investigate the relationship between hydraulic connection and uranium (U) distribution via hydrochemistry and isotope (²³⁴U/²³⁸U, δ¹¹B) techniques. The results suggested that the GSKLH was recharged by water from the Kulamulekesay and Atetikan rivers, groundwater (borehole brine and some intercrystalline brine), and deep fluid (some intercrystalline brine), with each contributing 44.03%, 14.95%, and 41.02% of total recharge, respectively. The U-bearing rock was dominated mainly by silicates, carbonates, and evaporites in the high mountain area (region 1), overflow area (region 2), and plain area (region 3) of the GSKLH, respectively. In the GSKLH, the U distribution was strongly correlated with hydraulic connection and the U concentration was influenced by both groundwater flow system and flow velocity (represented by the γCl⁻/γCa²⁺ ratio). Thus, U was enriched under the conditions of regional groundwater flow system and slow velocity in the GSKLH.

http://ift.tt/2iH0Wg1

Flocculation performance of lignin-based flocculant during reactive blue dye removal: comparison with commercial flocculants

Abstract

A novel lignin-based flocculant (LBF) with superior flocculation performance was prepared from paper mill sludge in this work. The functional groups of LBF and alkaline lignin (AL) were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The flocculation performance of LBF integrated with polyaluminum chloride (PAC) was tested in reactive dye wastewater treatment. Floc properties and color removals in multiple flocculation systems were discussed. Results indicated that the dye removal (93%) was greatly facilitated as the LBF was integrated with PAC (PAC + LBF). In addition, floc properties and color removals were significantly improved in the presence of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. In contrary, flocculation performance was greatly restricted in the presence of SO₄²⁻. LBF was less pH sensitive and shear sensitive than polyacrylamide (PAM) due to the enhanced charge neutralization and bridging action. On the basis of that, LBF could be used as a promising flocculant in dye wastewater treatment.

http://ift.tt/2AGGpPE

Testing ZnO nanoparticle ecotoxicity: linking time variable exposure to effects on different marine model organisms

Abstract

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are increasingly used in several personal care products, with high potential to be released directly into marine environment with consequent adverse impact on marine biota. This paper aimed to compare the ecotoxicological effect of ZnO NPs (< 100 nm) towards three marine organisms widely used in toxicity assessment: an algal species (Dunaliella tertiolecta), a bioluminescent bacterium (Vibrio fischeri), and a crustacean (Artemia salina). Bulk ZnO (ZnO bulk, 200 nm) and ionic zinc were also investigated for understanding the role of size and of ionic release in the ZnO toxic action. To this aim, different ecotoxicological tests were used: the inhibition of bioluminescence with V. fischeri at three exposure times (5, 15, and 30 min); the D. tertiolecta growth inhibition at 24, 48, and 72 h; the A. salina mortality at 24–96 h, and A. salina mortality and body growth each 3 days along chronic exposure (14 days). For all selected species, ZnO NPs toxicity was strictly dependent on the exposure time and different sensitivities were recorded: ZnO NPs were more toxic towards algae (EC₅₀ 2.2 mg Zn/L) but relatively less toxic towards bacteria (EC₅₀ 17 mg Zn/L) and crustaceans (EC₅₀ 96 h 58 mg Zn/L). During the 14-day chronic exposure of A. salina, ZnO NPs had a significant inhibition of vitality and body length (EC₅₀14d 0.02 mg Zn/L), while the effect of ZnSO₄ was not statistically different from the control. ZnO NP toxicity was related to zinc ions and to interactions of particle/aggregates with target organisms and therefore to NP behavior in the testing matrix and to the different testing time exposures.

http://ift.tt/2iFtXJg

In situ reduced graphene oxide-based polyurethane sponge hollow tube for continuous oil removal from water surface

Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by using the natural graphite as raw materials via the modified Hummers' method and ultrasonic stripping method. GO was reduced online after its anchoring on the surface of polyurethane sponges by a dip-coating method, then in situ reduced graphene oxide-based polyurethane (IRGOPU) sponges were fabricated. The characterizations of IRGOPU sponges were investigated using Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and contact angle measurement. The IRGOPU sponges had an adsorption capacity for a broad range of oils up to 21.7 ~ 55 g/g. A simulation experiment of large-scale oil spill using a simple IRGOPU sponge hollow tube component was designed. The process of continuous oil removal from water surface was quick and effective, and the oil/water separation efficiency could be up to 99.6%. The results indicated that the IRGOPU sponge hollow tube may be an optimum candidate for the oil/water separation of large-scale oil spill.

http://ift.tt/2AGko3B

The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Complaints and Pain Intensity in Furniture Industry Workers in Brazil

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
Author(s): Vinicius Tieppo Francio, Luana Tasca, Chris Towery, Saeid Davani, Travis Allen

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Ed Board page

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12

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2017 ACRM Annual Conference Late-Breaking Research Abstracts

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12

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Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12

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Editors' Selections From This Issue: Volume 98 / Number 12 / December 2017

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12

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Utilization of Spinal Manipulation in a Case of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS)

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
Author(s): Vinicius Tieppo Francio, Chris Towery, Saeid Davani, Travis Allen

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Masthead

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12

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Exploring Disability Compensation Among Veterans with Spinal Cord Injury

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
Author(s): Denise Fyffe, Carol Gibson-Gill, Joyce Williams, Ashleigh Quinn

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Outcomes Among Patients with HIV/AIDS in the Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Population, Years 2011 to 2014

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
Author(s): Margaret DiVita, Sarah Beshers, Rebecca Gordon, Madison Terrillion, Jacqueline Mix

http://ift.tt/2iGVgmw

Physical Therapy Treatment of a Patient Diagnosed with Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis: A Case Study

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
Author(s): Trent Jackman, Tyler Harrigfeld

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Archives Manuscript Reviewers

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12

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Information/Education Pages (I/EPs)

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12

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RCT of Peer-Led Phone-Based Empowerment Intervention for Persons with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Improves Health Self-Management

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
Author(s): Bethlyn Houlihan, Miriam Brody, Sarah Skeels, Diana Pernigotti, Judi Zazula, Sam Burnett, Christa Green, Subramani Seetharama, Stathis Hasiotis, Timothy Belliveau, David Rosenblum, Alan Jette

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Differential Item Functioning on Physical Disability Measure Across Direct and Proxy Interview

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
Author(s): Ickpyo Hong, Mi Jung Lee, Catherine Hay, Timothy Reistetter

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Toward the Evaluation of Daily Wheelchair Usage with Upper Limb Pattern Classifier: A Pilot Study

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
Author(s): Pin-Wei Chen, Kerri Morgan

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Withdrawn

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12

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The Effect of Swimming on the Rehabilitation of a Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Case Study

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
Author(s): Margaret McDowell, Chelsea Griffiths, Mariana Dawida, Tadeusz Laska

http://ift.tt/2iIeoAm

Prevalence and Patterns of Spasticity Severity and Medication Use in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
Author(s): Nicole DiPiro, Chao Li, James Krause

http://ift.tt/2AGwucS

KCC2, EPILEPTIFORM SYNCHRONIZATION, AND EPILEPTIC DISORDERS

Publication date: Available online 2 December 2017
Source:Progress in Neurobiology
Author(s): Graziella Di Cristo, Patricia N. Awad, Shabnam Hamidi, Massimo Avoli
The K⁺-Cl⁻ co-transporter KCC2 is a neuron-specific, Cl⁻ extruder that uses K⁺ gradient for maintaining low intracellular [Cl⁻]. It is indeed well established that sustaining an outwardly-directed electrochemical Cl⁻ gradient across the neuronal membrane is fundamental for a proper function of postsynaptic GABAA receptor signaling. In particular, studies in the last two decades have shown that KCC2 activity is important to maintain a hyperpolarizing GABAergic neurotransmission. Conversely, low KCC2 activity should lead to depolarizing, and under specific conditions, excitatory GABAergic transmission. Not surprisingly given the critical role of KCC2 in regulating the inhibitory drive, alterations in its expression levels and activity are linked with epilepsy. Here, we will first summarize data regarding the role of KCC2 in epileptiform synchronization. Next, we will review evidence indicating that KCC2 expression and function is altered in chronic epileptic disorders, both in the developing and adult brain. We will also go through recent findings regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the changes in KCC2 activity that occur following seizures. Finally, we will consider the modulation of KCC2 function as a potential, novel therapeutic target for the treatment of epileptic disorders.

http://ift.tt/2icAvv6

Crustacean olfactory systems: a comparative review and a crustacean perspective on insect olfactory systems

Publication date: Available online 2 December 2017
Source:Progress in Neurobiology
Author(s): S. Harzsch, J. Krieger
Malacostracan crustaceans display a large diversity of sizes, morphs and life styles. However, only a few representatives of decapod taxa have served as models for analyzing crustacean olfaction, such as crayfish and spiny lobsters. Crustaceans bear multiple parallel chemosensory pathways represented by different populations of unimodal chemosensory and bimodal chemo- and mechanosensory sensilla on the mouthparts, the walking limbs and primarily on their two pairs of antennae. Here, we focus on the olfactory pathway associated with the unimodal chemosensory sensilla on the first antennal pair, the aesthetascs. We explore the diverse arrangement of these sensilla across malacostracan taxa and point out evolutionary transformations which occurred in the central olfactory pathway. We discuss the evolution of chemoreceptor proteins, comparative aspects of active chemoreception and the temporal resolution of crustacean olfactory system. Viewing the evolution of crustacean brains in light of energetic constraints can help us understand their functional morphology and suggests that in various crustacean lineages, the brains were simplified convergently because of metabolic limitations. Comparing the wiring of afferents, interneurons and output neurons within the olfactory glomeruli suggests a deep homology of insect and crustacean olfactory systems. However, both taxa followed distinct lineages during the evolutionary elaboration of their olfactory systems. A comparison with insects suggests their olfactory systems – especially that of the vinegar fly – to be superb examples for "economy of design". Such a comparison also inspires new thoughts about olfactory coding and the functioning of malacostracan olfactory systems in general.

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Brodmann area 10: Collating, integrating and high level processing of nociception and pain

Publication date: Available online 2 December 2017
Source:Progress in Neurobiology
Author(s): Ke Peng, Sarah C. Steele, Lino Becerra, David Borsook
Multiple frontal cortical brain regions have emerged as being important in pain processing, whether it be integrative, sensory, cognitive, or emotional. One such region, Brodmann Area 10 (BA 10), is the largest frontal brain region that has been shown to be involved in a wide variety of functions including risk and decision making, odor evaluation, reward and conflict, pain, and working memory. BA 10, also known as the anterior prefrontal cortex, frontopolar prefrontal cortex or rostral prefrontal cortex, is comprised of at least two cytoarchitectonic sub-regions, medial and lateral. To date, the explicit role of BA 10 in the processing of pain hasn't been fully elucidated. In this paper, we first review the anatomical pathways and functional connectivity of BA 10. Numerous functional imaging studies of experimental or clinical pain have also reported brain activations and/or deactivations in BA 10 in response to painful events. The evidence suggests that BA 10 may play a critical role in the collation, integration and high-level processing of nociception and pain, but also reveals possible functional distinctions between the subregions of BA 10 in this process.

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Activiated Galanin receptor 2 attenuates insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of obese mice

Publication date: Available online 2 December 2017
Source:Peptides
Author(s): Penghua Fang, Lei Zhang, Mei Yu, Zhongqi Sheng, Mingyi Shi, Yan Zhu, Zhenwen Zhang, Ping Bo
The results of our and other's studies showed that activation of galanin receptor 1 could mitigate insulin resistance via promoting glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression and translocation in the skeletal muscle of rats. But no literature are available regarding the effect of galanin receptor 2 (GALR2) on insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetes. Herein, in this study we intended to survey the effect of GALR2 and its signal mechanisms in the mice with high fat diet-induced obese. The mice were intraperitoneally injected with vehicle, GALR2 agonist M1145 and antagonist M871 respectively once a day for continuous 21 days. The skeletal muscles were processed for determination of glucose uptake, and GLUT4 mRNA and protein expression levels. The PGC-1α, AKT, p38MAPK, AS160, pAKT, pP38MAPK and pAS160 expression levels were quantitatively assessed too. We found that pharmacological activation of GALR2 enhanced energy expenditure, and increased GLUT4 expression and translocation in skeletal muscle of mice during high-fat diet regimens. Activation of GALR2 alleviated insulin resistance through P38MAPK/PGC-1α/GLUT4 and AKT/AS160/GLUT4 pathway in the skeletal muscle of mice. Overall, these results identify that GALR2 is a regulator of insulin resistance and activation of GALR2 represents a promising strategy against obesity-induced insulin resistance.

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DNA damage signaling and polyploid macrophages in chronic inflammation

Veronika Horn | Antigoni Triantafyllopoulou

http://ift.tt/2iaYcUg

Food Allergy: Update on Prevention and Tolerance

Publication date: Available online 27 November 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): George Du Toit, Hugh Sampson, Marshall Plaut, Wesley Burks, Cezmi Akdis, Gideon Lack
Of the many possible hypotheses which explain the recent rise in childhood food allergy, the dual allergen exposure hypothesis has been the most extensively investigated. This chapter serves as a review and update on the prevention of food allergy, and focuses on recently published Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) exploring the efficacy of oral tolerance induction in infancy for the prevention of food allergy. As a result of these RCTs, National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommendations now actively encourage the early introduction of peanut for the prevention of peanut allergy and other countries/settings recommend the inclusion of potential common food allergens including peanut and egg in complementary feeding regimens commencing at approximately 6 months of age, but not before 4 months.^1-3 Further studies which explore the efficacy of oral tolerance induction to other common food allergens, and which focus on optimal timing, duration and adherence are required.

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Dual loss of p110δ PI3-kinase and SKAP (KNSTRN) expression leads to combined immunodeficiency and multisystem syndromic features

Publication date: Available online 26 November 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Nigel Sharfe, Ariana Karanxha, Harjit Dadi, Daniele Merico, David Chitayat, Jo-Anne Herbrick, Spencer Freeman, Sergio Grinstein, Chaim M Roifman
BackgroundWe previously reported a novel syndrome characterized by combined immunodeficiency associated with severe developmental defects - subsequently known as Roifman-Chitayat Syndrome (RCS; OMIM 613328). Linkage analysis identified two disease-associated loci.ObjectiveTo identify the genetic defect in these patients and characterize their immunological cellular abnormalities.MethodsGenetic, immunological, protein and cellular functional analyses were used to identify and characterize patient genetic deficiencies and aberrant patient cell behaviour.ResultsDeleterious variants were found at both loci identified by linkage analysis: a homozygous stop codon in PI3-kinase p110δ (PIK3CD) and a homozygous frame shift mutation in SKAP (KNSTRN), both ablating protein expression. RCS patients display aberrant B cell development, similar to p110δ deficient mice, but also aberrant T cell spreading, cell-cell interaction and migration. Patients also display significant developmental abnormalities not seen in p110δ knockouts (e.g. optic nerve atrophy, skeletal anomalies) that we ascribe to loss of SKAP. Aberrant SKAP expression can prolong anaphase and this may contribute to developmental defects. However, we also identified MAP4 microtubule-binding protein as a novel SKAP-binding partner and show it undergoes re-localization in patient T cells, with associated areas of aberrant microtubule hyper-stabilization, likely contributing not only to the altered properties of RCS lymphoid cells but also developmental defects.ConclusionsThe complex Roifman-Chitayat Syndrome presentation, with combined developmental and immunological defects, is associated with a combined deficiency of two genes products, PI3-kinase p110δ and SKAP, both of which appear to play a significant role in the disease.

Teaser

Patients with Roifman-Chitayat syndrome suffer repeated infections due to combined immunodeficiency and display a wide array of syndromic features encompassing developmental delay, optic nerve atrophy and skeletal anomalies. We show here for the first time that complete SKAP and PI3K p110δ deficiencies lead to this complex syndrome.

http://ift.tt/2zYxhXi

Self-reported adverse food reactions and anaphylaxis in the SchoolNuts study: A population-based study of adolescents

Publication date: Available online 23 November 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Vicki L. McWilliam, Jennifer J. Koplin, Michael J. Field, Mari Sasaki, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Mimi L.K. Tang, Susan M. Sawyer, Rachel L. Peters, Katrina J. Allen
BackgroundAdolescents are at the highest risk of death from anaphylaxis, yet few population-based studies have described the frequencies and risk factors for allergic reactions caused by accidental allergen ingestion in this group.MethodsWe describe the prevalence, frequency, and associated risk factors for recent adverse food reactions in 10- to 14-year-olds in Melbourne, Australia, recruited from a stratified, random, population-based sample of schools (SchoolNuts, n = 9663; 48% response rate). Self-reported food allergy and adverse reaction details, including anaphylaxis, were identified by using a student questionnaire over the past year.ResultsOf 547 students with possible IgE-mediated food allergy, 243 (44.4%; 95% CI, 40.3% to 48.7%) reported a reaction to a food. Fifty-three (9.7%; 95% CI, 7.2% to 12.2%) students reported 93 anaphylaxis episodes. Peanut and tree nuts were the most common food triggers. Among students with current IgE-mediated food allergy, those with resolved or current asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.9 [95% CI, 1.1-1.3] and 1.7 [95% CI, 1.1-2.6]) and those with more than 2 food allergies (aOR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.1-3.1]) were at greatest risk of any adverse food reaction, and those with nut allergy were most at risk of severe reactions (aOR, 2.9 [95% CI, 1.1-4.4]). Resolved or current asthma was not associated with increased risk of severe reactions (aOR, 0.8 [95% CI, 0.3-2.2] and 1.6 [95% CI, 0.7-3.7]).ConclusionsAdolescents with food allergy are frequently exposed to food allergens. Those with asthma and more than 2 food allergies were at the greatest risk for adverse food reactions. Those with nut allergies were most at risk of severe reactions.

http://ift.tt/2A04MID

Food Allergy in the developing world

Publication date: Available online 22 November 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Agnes SY. Leung, Gary WK. Wong, Mimi LK. Tang

http://ift.tt/2ASu0so

Food Allergy: A review and update on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and management

Publication date: Available online 21 November 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Scott H. Sicherer, Hugh A. Sampson
This review provides general information to serve as a primer for those embarking on understanding food allergy and also details advances and updates in epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment that have occurred over the four years since our last comprehensive review. Although firm prevalence data are lacking, there is a strong impression that food allergy has increased, and rates as high as ∼10% have been documented. Genetic, epigenetic and environmental risk factors are being increasingly elucidated, opening the potential for improved prevention and treatment strategies targeted to those at risk. Insights on pathophysiology are revealing a complex interplay of epithelial barrier, mucosal and systemic immune response, route of exposure and microbiome among other influences resulting in allergy or tolerance. The diagnosis of food allergy is largely reliant on the medical history, tests for sensitization, and oral food challenges, but emerging use of component resolved diagnostics are improving diagnostic accuracy. Additional novel diagnostics such as basophil activation tests, determination of epitope binding, DNA methylation signatures and bioinformatics approaches will further change the landscape. A number of prevention strategies are under investigation, but early introduction of peanut has been advised as a public health measure based on existing data. Management remains largely based on allergen avoidance, but a panoply of promising treatment strategies are in phase 2 and 3 studies, giving immense hope that better treatment will be imminently and widely available, while numerous additional promising treatments are in the preclinical and clinical pipeline.

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Bedroom allergen exposures in US households

Publication date: Available online 30 November 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Päivi M. Salo, Jesse Wilkerson, Kathryn M. Rose, Richard D. Cohn, Agustin Calatroni, Herman E. Mitchell, Michelle L. Sever, Peter J. Gergen, Peter S. Thorne, Darryl C. Zeldin
BackgroundBedroom allergen exposures contribute to allergic disease morbidity because people spend considerable time in bedrooms, where they come into close contact with allergen reservoirs.ObjectiveWe investigated participant and housing characteristics, including sociodemographic, regional, and climatic factors, associated with bedroom allergen exposures in a nationally representative sample of the US population.MethodsData were obtained from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006. Information on participant and housing characteristics was collected by using questionnaires and environmental assessments. Concentrations of 8 indoor allergens (Alt a 1, Bla g 1, Can f 1, Fel d 1, Der f 1, Der p 1, Mus m 1, and Rat n 1) in dust vacuumed from nearly 7000 bedrooms were measured by using immunoassays. Exposure levels were classified as increased based on percentile (75th/90th) cutoffs. We estimated the burden of exposure to multiple allergens and used multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors for each allergen and household allergen burden.ResultsAlmost all participants (>99%) had at least 1 and 74.2% had 3 to 6 allergens detected. More than two thirds of participants (72.9%) had at least 1 allergen and 18.2% had 3 or more allergens exceeding increased levels. Although exposure variability showed significant racial/ethnic and regional differences, high exposure burden to multiple allergens was most consistently associated with the presence of pets and pests, living in mobile homes/trailers and older and rental homes, and living in nonmetropolitan areas.ConclusionsExposure to multiple allergens is common. Despite highly variable exposures, bedroom allergen burden is strongly associated with the presence of pets and pests.

Graphical abstract

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Obesity, asthma, and vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy: Cause or consequence?

Publication date: Available online 21 November 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Marcos Pereira-Santos, Lucas Luê Bispo Pereira, Denise Santana de Oliveira

http://ift.tt/2AStWc8

Reply

Publication date: Available online 21 November 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Hooman Mirzakhani, Scott T. Weiss, Augusto A. Litonjua

http://ift.tt/2zXbijw

Endolysosomal protease susceptibility of Amb a 1 as a determinant of allergenicity

Publication date: Available online 20 November 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Martin Wolf, Lorenz Aglas, Teresa E. Twaroch, Markus Steiner, Sara Huber, Michael Hauser, Maria A. Parigiani, Heidi Hofer, Christof Ebner, Barbara Bohle, Peter Briza, Angela Neubauer, Frank Stolz, Michael Wallner, Fatima Ferreira
In the absence of extrinsic adjuvants, purified Amb a 1 induced a strong Th2-polarized immune response in mice. This high allergenic activity seems to be linked to the allergen's susceptibility to endolysosomal proteolysis.

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Enhancement of cutaneous immunity during ageing by blocking p38 MAPkinase induced inflammation

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Milica Vukmanovic-Stejic, Emma S. Chambers, Mayte Suarez- Farinas, Daisy Sandhu, Judilyn Fuentes-Duculan, Neil Patel, Elaine Agius, Katie E. Lacy, Carolin T. Turner, Anis Larbi, Veronique Birault, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Neil A. Mabbott, Malcolm H.A. Rustin, James Krueger, Arne N. Akbar
BackgroundImmunity declines with age that leads to re-activation of varicella zoster virus (VZV). In humans, age associated immune changes are usually measured in blood leukocytes however this may not reflect alterations in tissue-specific immunity.ObjectivesWe used a VZV antigen challenge system in the skin to investigate changes in tissue specific mechanisms involved in the decreased response to this virus during ageing.MethodsWe assessed cutaneous immunity by the extent of erythema and induration after intradermal VZV antigen injection. We also performed immune histology and transcriptomic analyses on skin biopsies taken from the site of challenge in young (<40 yrs) and old (>65 yrs) subjects.ResultsOld humans exhibited decreased erythema and induration, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell infiltration and attenuated global gene activation at the site of cutaneous VZV antigen challenge compared to young subjects. This was associated with elevated sterile inflammation in the skin in the same subjects, related to p38 MAPK-related pro-inflammatory cytokine production (p <0.0007). We inhibited systemic inflammation in old subjects by pre-treatment with an oral small molecule p38 MAP kinase inhibitor (Losmapimod), which reduced both serum C reactive protein (CRP) and peripheral blood monocyte secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α. In contrast, cutaneous responses to VZV antigen challenge was significantly increased in the same individuals (p <0.0006).ConclusionExcessive inflammation in the skin early after antigen challenge retards antigen-specific immunity. However this can be reversed by inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production that may be utilized to promote vaccine efficacy and the treatment of infections and malignancy during ageing.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Capsule summary: Elevated cutaneous inflammation retards VZV-specific immunity. Inhibiting inflammatory cytokine production with p38 MAPkinase inhibitors enhances VZV-specific cutaneous immunity. Targeting inflammation may be used to promote vaccine efficacy and the treatment of malignancy during ageing.

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Vascular endothelial specific IL-4Rα–ABL1 kinase signaling axis regulates severity of IgE-mediated anaphylactic reactions

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Amnah Yamani, David Wu, Lisa Waggoner, Taeko Noah, Anthony J. Koleske, Fred Finkelman, Simon P. Hogan
BackgroundSevere IgE-mediated, food-induced anaphylactic reactions are characterized by pulmonary venous vasodilatation and fluid extravasation, which is thought to lead to the life-threatening anaphylactic phenotype. The underlying immunological and cellular processes involved in driving fluid extravasation and the severe anaphylactic phenotype are not fully elucidated.ObjectiveTo define the interaction and requirement of IL-4 and vascular endothelial (VE) IL-4Rα chain signaling in histamine-ABL1–mediated VE dysfunction and fluid extravasation in the severity of IgE-mediated anaphylactic reactions in mice.MethodsMice deficient in VE IL-4Rα and models of passive and active oral antigen– and IgE-induced anaphylaxis were employed to define the requirements of VE IL-4Rα and ABL1 pathway in severe anaphylactic reactions. Human VE cell line (EA.hy926 cells) and pharmacologic (imatinib) and genetic approaches (shRNA knockdown of IL4RA and ABL1) were used to define the requirement of this pathway in VE barrier dysfunction.ResultsIL-4 exacerbation of histamine-induced hypovolemic shock in mice was dependent on VE expression of the IL-4Rα. IL-4 and histamine induced ABL1 activation in human VE cells and VE barrier dysfunction was ABL1 dependent. Development of severe IgE-mediated hypovolemia and shock required VE-restricted ABL1 expression. Treatment of mice with a history of food-induced anaphylaxis with the ABL kinase inhibitor imatinib protected the mice from developing severe IgE-mediated anaphylaxis.ConclusionIL-4 amplifies IgE- and histamine-induced VE dysfunction, fluid extravasation, and severity of anaphylaxis via a VE IL-4Rα-ABL1–dependent mechanism. These studies implicate an important contribution by the VE compartment in the severity of anaphylaxis and identify a new

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Capsule Summary: IL-4-Histamine induced vascular endothelial cell ABL1 kinase signaling controls severity of IgE-mediated anaphylactic reactions.

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Drug hypersensitivity: we need to do more

Publication date: Available online 16 November 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Werner J. Pichler, Daniel Yerly

http://ift.tt/2zXb3oC

Mycology of chronic suppurative otitis media-cholesteatoma disease: An evaluative study

Publication date: Available online 2 December 2017
Source:American Journal of Otolaryngology
Author(s): Gautam Bir Singh, Medozhanuo Solo, Ravinder Kaur, Rubeena Arora, Sunil Kumar
Aims & objectivesTo detect the prevalence of fungus in chronic suppurative otitis media-cholesteatoma disease and to evaluate its clinical significance.Study designProspective observational study conducted in a sample size of 46 patients at a tertiary care university teaching hospital.Materials & methodsForty six patients suffering from chronic suppurative otitis media-cholesteatoma disease were recruited in this prospective study. Data was duly recorded. Cholesteatoma sample was procured at the time of mastoid surgery and microbiologically analysed for fungal infestation. Clinical correlation to fungus infestation of cholesteatoma was statistically analysed.ResultsOut of the recruited 46 patients, post-operatively cholesteatoma was seen in 40 cases only. Seventeen i.e. 42.5% of these cases had fungal colonization of cholesteatoma. Further a statistically significant correlation between persistent otorrhoea and fungal infestation of cholesteatoma was observed. Three cases of fungal otomastoiditis were also recorded in this study, but a statistically significant correlation between complications and fungus infestation of cholesteatoma could not be clearly established.ConclusionsThere is fungal colonization of cholesteatoma which is pathogenic and can cause persistent otorrhoea.

http://ift.tt/2BuAVnV

Commentary to letter to the editor to manuscript “Effects of surgical treatment of hypertrophic turbinates on the nasal obstruction and the quality of life”

Publication date: Available online 2 December 2017
Source:American Journal of Otolaryngology
Author(s): Katharina Stölzel

http://ift.tt/2jbgYMj

Primary cutaneous histiocytic sarcoma: A report of five cases with primary cutaneous involvement and review of the literature

Publication date: Available online 2 December 2017
Source:Annals of Diagnostic Pathology
Author(s): Cynthia M. Magro, Najiyah Kazi, Aimee E. Sisinger
IntroductionHistiocytic sarcoma is an extremely rare hematologic malignancy of histiocytic origin. Five cases of primary cutaneous histiocytic sarcoma are presented.Materials and methodsCases of primary cutaneous histiocytic sarcoma were identified using a natural language search from the dermatopathology data base of Cornell University.ResultsThere was a male predominance (4 males and 1 female) ranging in age from 33years to 92years (mean age of 73years); all presented with a solitary nodule which involved the head and neck area in four and thigh in one. The 73-year-old male had chronic myeloproliferative disorder. Biopsies showed a nonepitheliotropic dermal-based atypical large cell histiocytoid appearing infiltrate dermis showing positivity for common leukocyte antigen, CD4, CD14, CD68, CD163, CD2, CD11c, and lysozyme. Markers of terminal histiocytic differentiation such as S100, langerin, MXA, and CD83 were not seen. In two of the cases there was evidence of extracutaneous dissemination. The treatment in three of the cases was wide excision; there was no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease. One case was given palliative radiation; the patient died. The other patient with underlying myelodysplastic syndrome died within a few weeks of initial cutaneous presentation.ConclusionHS must be differentiated from other malignant histiocytoid lesions. Staining for common leukocyte antigen and CD163 are the most reliable markers allowing this distinction. Patients who present with primary involvement of the skin may have a variable favorable outcome but only if treated relatively early in the course of the disease with complete excision.

http://ift.tt/2jGEOPF

Evolution of natural sea surface films: a new quantification formalism based on multidimensional space vector

Abstract

Spatial and temporal variability of natural surfactant sea surface film structural parameters were evaluated from force-area isotherms, film pressure-temperature isochors, dynamic surface tension-time relations performed on samples collected in Baltic Sea shallow coastal waters. The film structure state was postulated as a 10-D dimensionless vector created from the normalized thermodynamic, adsorptive, and viscoelastic film parameters. The normalization procedure is based on the concept of self-corresponding states known in thermodynamics. The values taken by all the reduced parameters indicated a significant deviation from the reference ideal-2D gas behavior. The exhibited deviations of the surface parameters from the background values of the same thermodynamic state of each film were independent on the film-collecting procedure, sample solvent treatment, and temperature. The structural similarity was expressed quantitatively as a (Cartesian, street, and Czebyszew) distance between two vectors of the analyzed film and the standard one from the database, and appeared to be related to environmental conditions, surface-active organic matter production, and migration in the studied coastal sea region. The most distinctive parameters differing the films were y, M _w and E _isoth, as established from Czebyszew function application. The proposed formalism is of universal concern and could be applied to any natural water surfactant system (seawater, inland water, rain water, and snowmelt water).

http://ift.tt/2jaLl5r

Metatranscriptomics analysis of cyanobacterial aggregates during cyanobacterial bloom period in Lake Taihu, China

Abstract

Molecular mechanism of interaction between the bloom-forming cyanobacterial species and attached microbios within cyanobacterial aggregates has not been elucidated yet and understanding of which would help to unravel the cyanobacteria bloom-forming mechanism. In this study, we profiled the metabolically active community by high-throughput metatranscriptome sequencing from cyanobacterial aggregates during cyanobacterial bloom period in Lake Taihu, China. A total of 308 million sequences were obtained using the HiSeq 2500 sequencing platform, which provided a great sequence coverage to carry out the in-depth taxonomic classification, functional classification, and metabolic pathway analysis of the cyanobacterial aggregates. The results show that bacteria dominated in cyanobacterial aggregates, accounting for more than 96.66% of total sequences. Microcystis was the most abundant genus, accounted for 26.80% of total assigned sequences at the genus level in cyanobacterial aggregates community; however, Proteobacteria (46.20%) was found to be as the most abundant active bacterial populations at the phylum level. More importantly, nitrogen, phosphonate, and phosphinate metabolism which associated with eutrophication were found in this study. Especially, the enzymes and organisms relating to denitrification and anammox of nitrogen metabolism, which reduced nitrogen concentration by reducing nitrate to nitrogen to inhibit the eutrophication, were first discovered in Lake Taihu during cyanobacterial bloom period. The present study provides a snapshot of metatranscriptome for cyanobacterial aggregates in Lake Taihu and demonstrates that cyanobacterial aggregates could play a key role in the nitrogen cycle in eutrophic water.

http://ift.tt/2BvQEmR

One-Year Follow-up Study Detects Myocardial Changes with Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Tagging in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis

Publication date: Available online 1 December 2017
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Lauri Lehmonen, Aino-Maija Vuorinen, Riitta Koivuniemi, Marjatta Leirisalo-Repo, Miia Holmström, Sari Kivistö, Touko Kaasalainen
Rationale and ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of 1 year of medical treatment on myocardial function in active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Materials and MethodsThirty-nine female patients with RA without any known cardiovascular disease underwent a cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) examination before and after 1 year of antirheumatic treatment. The population comprised untreated active early RA (ERA) and chronic RA patients, who were grouped accordingly. The CMR protocol included volumetric determinations, late gadolinium enhancement imaging, myocardial tagging, and native T1 mapping. DAS28-CRP disease activity scores were calculated before and after the treatment.ResultsResults are reported as median (quartile 1–quartile 3). Time to peak diastolic filling rate improved in ERA (495 [443–561] ms vs 441 [340–518] ms, P = .018). Peak diastolic mean mid short-axis circumferential strain rate of all six segments was improved (82 [74–91] %/s vs 91 [77–100] %/s, P = .05), particularly in the anterior segment (82 [63–98] %/s vs 86 [77–109] %/s, P = .013). DAS28-CRP decreased in ERA (3.8 [3.2–4.1] vs 1.6 [1.4–2.2], P < .001). In chronic RA, no statistically significant improvement was detected.ConclusionsEarly treatment of active RA is important, as myocardial function detected with CMR tagging improved in ERA in parallel with decreasing inflammatory activity.

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Bone Marrow Involvement in Malignant Lymphoma

Publication date: Available online 1 December 2017
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Ulrika Asenbaum, Richard Nolz, Georgios Karanikas, Julia Furtner, Ramona Woitek, Ingrid Simonitsch-Klupp, Markus Raderer, Marius E. Mayerhoefer
Rationale and ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the diagnostic utility of standardized uptake values (SUV) and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) for assessment of focal and diffuse bone marrow involvement in patients with malignant lymphoma.Materials and MethodsSixty treatment-naive patients (28 males; mean age 51.2 ± 16.7 years) with histologically proven lymphoma, who underwent fludeoxyglucose (¹⁸F) positron emission tomography-computed tomography ([F18]-FDG-PET/CT) and whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (WB-DWI) within 7 days, and also routine bone marrow biopsy, were included in this institutional review board-approved, retrospective study. The maximum SUV (SUVmax) on [F18]-FDG-PET/CT, and the mean ADC (ADCmean, ×10⁻³ mm²/s) on whole-body-DWI, were extracted from focal lesions, or, in their absence, from the thoracic (Th8) and lumbar vertebral bodies (L4), the sacral bone (S1), and the iliac crest. Lesion-to-liver-ratios (SUVmax-ratio) were calculated. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess the correlation between SUVmax-ratios and ADCmean values.ResultsBone marrow involvement was observed in 16 of 60 patients (8 of 16 with diffuse infiltration). The SUVmax-ratio cutoff value was 95.25% for focal and 70.2% for diffuse bone marrow involvement (sensitivity/specificity of 87.5%/86.4% and 100%/43.2%, respectively). The ADCmean cutoff value was 0.498 for focal and 0.401 for diffuse bone marrow involvement (sensitivity/specificity of 100%/90.9% and 87.5%/56.8%, respectively). No significant correlations were found between SUVmax-ratios and ADCmean values in the different groups.ConclusionWith the liver as reference tissue, quantitative [F18]-FDG-PET/CT may be useful to differentiate bone marrow involvement from normal bone marrow in patients with lymphoma, even though the specificity for diffuse marrow involvement is rather low. Quantitative DWI can be used only to distinguish focal bone marrow lesions from normal bone marrow.

http://ift.tt/2zY5KoO

Screening Mammography Utilization and Medicare Beneficiaries' Perceptions of Their Primary Care Physicians

Publication date: Available online 1 December 2017
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Andrew B. Rosenkrantz, Margaret M. Fleming, Linda Moy, James S. Babb, Richard Duszak
Rationale and ObjectivesTo assess associations between screening mammography utilization and Medicare beneficiaries' relationships with, and impressions of, their primary care physicians.Materials and MethodsUsing the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey Access to Care Public Use File, we retrospectively studied responses from a national random cross section of Medicare beneficiaries surveyed in 2013 regarding perceptions of their primary care physicians and their screening mammography utilization. Statistical analysis accounted for subject weighting factors to estimate national screening utilization.ResultsAmong 7492 female Medicare beneficiaries, 62.0% (95% confidence interval 59.8%–64.2%) underwent screening mammography. Utilization was higher for beneficiaries having (vs. not) a regular medical practice or clinic (63.2% vs. 34.6%) and a usual physician (63.8% vs. 50.3%). Utilization was higher for beneficiaries very satisfied (vs. very dissatisfied) with the overall quality of care they received (66.0% vs. 35.8%), their ease of getting to a doctor (67.7% vs. 43.2%), and their physician's concerns for their health (65.7% vs. 53.4%), as well as for beneficiaries strongly agreeing (vs. strongly disagreeing) that their physician is competent (66.0% vs. 54.1%), understands what is wrong (66.3% vs. 47.1%), answers all questions (67.0% vs. 46.7%), and fosters confidence (66.0% vs. 50.6%). Independent predictors of screening mammography utilization (P < .05) were satisfaction with quality of care, having a regular practice or clinic, and satisfaction with ease of getting to their physician.ConclusionsScreening mammography utilization is higher among Medicare beneficiaries with established primary physician relationships, particularly when those relationships are favorable. To optimize screening mammography utilization, breast imagers are encouraged to support initiatives to enhance high-quality primary care relationships.

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Epidemiology of Hepatic Steatosis at a Tertiary Care Center

Publication date: Available online 2 December 2017
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Tyler J. Fraum, Daniel R. Ludwig, Scott Kilian, William A. Curtis, Thomas K. Pilgram, Claude B. Sirlin, Kathryn J. Fowler
Rationale and ObjectivesLittle is known about the frequency and risk factors of hepatic steatosis in the tertiary care setting. Such knowledge is essential to clinicians making decisions about testing for this condition. Thus, our aim was to describe the epidemiology of hepatic steatosis, as captured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), at a tertiary care center.Materials and MethodsA near-consecutive cohort of 1006 adult patients underwent standard-of-care liver MRIs. Images were retrospectively processed to derive proton density fat fraction (PDFF) maps. Data from three spatially distinct regions of interest (ROIs) were aggregated to derive overall hepatic PDFF values. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory variables were included in a multivariate analysis to determine predictors of hepatic steatosis grades (based on established PDFF cutoffs). Hepatic steatosis grades derived from single vs aggregated ROIs were compared.ResultsHepatic steatosis was observed in 25% of patients (19% grade 1; 3% grade 2; 3% grade 3). Controlling for all other variables, the odds of hepatic steatosis increased by 7%–9% (P < .001) for each whole point increase in body mass index (BMI), whereas elevated serum bilirubin was associated with lower odds of hepatic steatosis (P = .002). Race, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome were not independently predictive of hepatic steatosis when controlling for other variables (eg, BMI). Employing single ROIs (rather than three aggregated ROIs) resulted in incorrect steatosis grading in up to 8.0% of patients.ConclusionMany adult patients undergoing liver MRI at a tertiary care center have hepatic steatosis, with larger BMIs as the only independent predictor of higher grades. This information can be used by clinicians at such centers to make evidence-based decisions about when to test for hepatic steatosis in their patients.

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Allergic and non-allergic skin reactions associated with growth hormone therapy: elucidation of causative agents

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print

http://ift.tt/2khxe1G

Quantitative and time-resolved detection of lithium plating on graphite anodes in lithium ion batteries

Publication date: Available online 1 December 2017
Source:Materials Today
Author(s): Johannes Wandt, Peter Jakes, Josef Granwehr, Rüdiger-A. Eichel, Hubert A. Gasteiger
The ability of fast and safe charging is critical for the further success of lithium ion batteries in automotive applications. In state-of-the-art lithium ion batteries, the charging rate is limited by the onset of lithium plating on the graphite anode. Despite its high importance, so far no analytical technique has been available for directly measuring lithium plating during battery charge. Herein, we introduce operando electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy as the first technique capable of time-resolved and quantitative detection of lithium metal plating in lithium ion batteries. In an exemplary study, the C-rate dependence of lithium metal plating during low-temperature charging at −20 °C is investigated. It is possible to quantify the amount of 'dead lithium' and observe the chemical reintercalation of plated lithium metal. In this way, it is possible to deconvolute the coulombic inefficiency of the lithium plating/stripping process and quantify the contributions of both dead lithium and active lithium loss due to solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation. The time-resolved and quantitative information accessible with operando EPR spectroscopy will be very useful for the optimization of fast charging procedures, testing of electrolyte additives, and model validation.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2AkSxFI

A new therapeutic proposal for inoperable osteosarcoma: Photodynamic therapy

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Volume 21
Author(s): Guilherme Chohfi de Miguel, Ana Margarida Abrantes, Mafalda Laranjo, Ana Yoshie Kitagawa Grizotto, Bruno Camporeze, José Aires Pereira, Gonçalo Brites, Arménio Serra, Marta Pineiro, António Rocha-Gonsalves, Maria Filomena Botelho, Denise Gonçalves Priolli
BackgroundOsteosarcoma, a malignant tumor characterized by bone or osteoid formation, is the second most common primary bone neoplasm. Clinical symptoms include local and surrounding pain, unrelieved by rest or anesthesia. Osteosarcoma has a poor chemotherapeutic response with prognosis dependent on complete tumor excision. Therefore, for inoperable osteosarcoma new therapeutic strategies are needed. The present study aimed to develop murine models of cranial and vertebral osteosarcoma that facilitate simple clinical monitoring and real-time imaging to evaluate the outcome of photodynamic therapy based on a previously developed photosensitizer.MethodsBalb/c nude mice were divided into two groups: the cranial and vertebral osteosarcoma groups. Each group was further subdivided into the photodynamic therapy-treated and untreated groups. Images were obtained by scintigraphy with ^99mTc-MIBI and radiography. Tumor growth, necrotic area, osteoid matrix area, and inflammatory infiltration were analyzed.ResultsCranial and vertebral tumors could be macroscopically observed and measured. Radiographic and scintigraphic images showed tumor cells present at the inoculation sites. After photodynamic therapy, scintigraphy showed lower tumoral radiopharmaceutical uptake, which correlated histologically with increased necrosis. Osteoid matrix volume increased, and tumor size decreased in all photodynamic therapy-treated animals.ConclusionCranial and vertebral osteosarcoma models in athymic mice are feasible and facilitate in vivo monitoring for the development of new therapies. Photodynamic therapy is a potential antitumoral treatment for surgically inoperable osteosarcoma.

Graphical abstract

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The effect of photodynamic therapy with talaporfin sodium, a second-generation photosensitizer, on oral squamous cell carcinoma: A series of eight cases

Publication date: Available online 2 December 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Author(s): Hisazumi Ikeda, Seigo Ohba, Kazuhiro Egashira, Izumi Asahina
Objective: To assess the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with talaporfin sodium, a second-generation photosensitizer, on oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsEight patients who were diagnosed with oral SCC without any metastasis and underwent talaporfin sodium-mediated PDT (t-PDT) were included in this study. Biopsies were performed 4 to 6 weeks after t-PDT. The clinical response was evaluated using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.ResultsComplete response (CR) was achieved in six of eight cases, and two cases showed partial response (PR) as a clinical outcome of t-PDT. Recurrence occurred in one of the CR cases 9 months after irradiation. The patient underwent tumor resection and no recurrence was found after surgery. The two cases with PR died from the cancer despite additional PDT.Conclusiont-PDT is an effective treatment strategy for oral SCC. Talaporfin sodium has an advantage with regard to early elimination from the body compared with porfimer sodium.

http://ift.tt/2AFTyIY

SYNTHESIS OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE NANOSTRUCTURES BY COMBUSTION IN SOLUTION AS A POTENTIAL ENCAPSULANT SYSTEM OF DRUGS WITH PHOTODYNAMIC PROPERTIES FOR THE TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS

Publication date: Available online 2 December 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Author(s): A.A Lopera, A. Montoya, I.D. Vélez, S.M. Robledo, C.P. Garcia
The traditional drugs used in the treatment of cutaneous leishmanisis (CL) have multiple disadvantages, such as high toxicity, high costs, and more recently the appearance of parasites resistant to those drugs. For this reason, some research has focused on the development of new drugs or treatment therapies. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) that involves the use of a photosensitive or photosensitizing compound capable of producing reactive oxygen species to which Leishmania parasites are sensitive, has emerged as an alternative for the treatment of CL. However, some of these sensitizing compounds exhibit some toxicity (cytotoxicity, allergic reaction, etc), low selectivity, and some of them are insoluble in aqueous media limiting their use. Therefore, the PDT can be improved using encapsulation systems which protect drugs, prevent their degradation, help them overcome physical barriers and increase their selectivity. In this study, we propose the use of calcium phosphate as a potential encapsulant or photodynamic support for photoactive drugs, using hypericin (HY) as a photosensitizer agent. The self-combustion route was used to synthesize the CP nanostructures. The structure and morphology of CP nanoparticles were evaluated via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Phases rich in hydroxyapatite and CP β phase, with granular morphology and an average grain size of 42.9nm were obtained. The encapsulation uptake and the interactions between HY and the encapsulated system were evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. Approximately 13% of HY was enapsulated per 1μg of nanoparticles of calcium phosphate. Composites were submitted to in vitro assays of cytotoxicity and anti-leishmanial activity. The CP nanoparticles did not affect the photodynamic activity of HY. On the contrary they showed antileishmanial response.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2iFYjeC

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy mediated by Photodithazine® in the treatment of denture stomatitis: a case report

Publication date: Available online 2 December 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Author(s): Fernanda Alves, Gabriela Caroline Alonso, Juliana Cabrini Carmello, Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima, Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato, Ana Cláudia Pavarina
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) mediated by Photodithazine^® (PDZ) has shown efficacy in the inactivation of Candida spp. in in vitro and in vivo studies. This preliminary study reports five clinical cases of patients with denture stomatitis (DS) treated with PDZ-mediated aPDT. Five individuals diagnosed with DS were selected and submitted to aPDT 3 times a week for 15days (6 sessions). In each session, 200mg/L of PDZ gel was applied on the upper prostheses and on the palate of the patients for 20minutes, then, illuminated by a light emitting diode at 660nm (50J/cm²). Microbiological samples from prostheses and palates were also performed and cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and Blood Agar. The values of colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) were determined. Standardized photographs of the palates were taken prior the treatment (initial), at the end (final) and until 45days after the completion of treatments. The results demonstrated that the aPDT treatment reduced Candida spp. and the total microbiota viability at the end of the treatment. For most patients, the CFU/mL values obtained in the last microbiological collection (day 45) were lower than those found before the treatment (initial). Three patients presented clinical resolution of DS (no DS signal) after aPDT treatment. One individual demonstrated reduction in palatal inflammation and another one did not show improvement in the oral lesion. Recurrence of DS was observed in all individuals in the follow-up period. PDZ-mediated aPDT may be a promising treatment for DS.

http://ift.tt/2iFYbf8

Fascial well-being: Mechanotransduction and manual and movement therapies

Publication date: Available online 1 December 2017
Source:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Author(s): Leon Chaitow

http://ift.tt/2iBZyLP

Adsorptive performance of coal-based magnetic activated carbon for cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes from landfill leachate

Abstract

Bituminous coal-based magnetic activated carbon (MAC) was prepared, characterized, and used successfully for removal of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) from treated landfill leachate. Batch adsorption studies were performed at different adsorption dosages and contact times. With adsorptive dosage of 0.75 g/L and contact time of 60 min, the removal efficiencies achieved by MAC for octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D₄), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D₅), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D₆) are 100, 82.8, and 71.4%, respectively. The specific magnetization coefficients of MAC before and after adsorption are 4.6 × 10⁻⁷ and 5.2 × 10⁻⁷ m³/kg, between 1.26 × 10⁻⁷ and 3.8 × 10⁻⁵ m³/kg, which suggests that MAC can be recycled by the high-intensity magnetic separators.

http://ift.tt/2BvuuAX

High temperature and pH favor Microcystis aeruginosa to outcompete Scenedesmus obliquus

Abstract

Competition between cyanobacteria and green algae affects phytoplankton succession and the well-known cyanobacteria blooms. Climate warming and water acidification are two concerned environmental issues changing the freshwater ecosystems. To investigate the competitive responses of phytoplankton to warming and acidification, we co-cultured Microcystis aeruginosa and Scenedesmus obliquus at a temperature range of 15–35 °C and a pH range of 5–9. Results showed that S. obliquus was superior competitor at 15 °C. At 20–30 °C, the populations of both Scenedesmus and Microcystis were inhibited by the presence of each other. S. obliquus was in competitive domination at the initial phase of cultivation, but was finally replaced by M. aeruginosa. Microcystis kept competition advantage at 35 °C, whereas Scenedesmus outcompeted Microcystis at acidic conditions (pH ≤ 6). Neutral and weakly alkaline conditions (pH 7–9) supported the replacement of competition domination from Scenedesmus to Microcystis. The present study revealed that climate warming may accelerate the phytoplankton succession from green algae to cyanobacteria, with the predicted promoted cyanobacteria blooms. Nonetheless, water acidification causes Microcystis to be a weak competitor with green algae, suggesting that the advantageous effect of Microcystis toward green algae at high temperatures was controlled by other variables like the water pH.

http://ift.tt/2ja8cya

Symptomatic unilateral vocal fold paralysis following cardiothoracic surgery

Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) is a complication associated with cardiothoracic procedures that presents clinically as dysphonia and/or dysphagia with or without aspiration. The literature lacks both data on recovery of mobility and consensus on best management. Herein, our goals are to 1) Identify cardiothoracic procedures associated with symptomatic UVFP at our institution; 2) Review timing and nature of laryngology diagnosis and management; 3) Report spontaneous recovery rate of vocal fold mobility.

http://ift.tt/2j9Qs5M

Intestinal permeability and Ménière's disease

Ménière disease (MD) is a multifactorial chronic disabling condition characterized by episodic vertigo, ear fullness, and hearing loss. MD patients often complain of aspecific gastrointestinal symptoms associated with autonomic dysregulation, frequently outweighed by the otological manifestations. Dietary modifications have been reported to improve the typical MD symptoms in some cases. Our purpose was to test the urinary levels of lactulose and mannitol (double sugar test) and the fecal calprotectin, both markers of altered intestinal permeability, in subjects with definite MD in an active and inactive stage.

http://ift.tt/2BtQxbm

Symptomatic unilateral vocal fold paralysis following cardiothoracic surgery

Intestinal permeability and Ménière's disease

Botulinum toxin A for patients with orofacial dystonia: prospective, observational, single-centre study

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of intramuscular botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) as a method of controlling the symptoms of focal facial dystonia. A prospective, longitudinal, observational, pre–post (case-series) single-centre study was conducted over a period of 3 months, involving 30 patients with focal dystonia. The patients were enrolled on a first-come, first-served basis. For all patients, the abnormal movements were evaluated using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS).

http://ift.tt/2BCHaXE

Stress response pathways, appetite regulation, and drug addiction

Publication date: Available online 2 December 2017
Source:Biological Psychology
Author(s): Mustafa al'Absi

http://ift.tt/2jEejtY

Factors influencing recurrent emergency department visits for epistaxis in the elderly

Our objective is to determine the risk factors associated with recurrent epistaxis requiring emergency department (ED) visits in the elderly.

http://ift.tt/2BEl7jl

Factors influencing recurrent emergency department visits for epistaxis in the elderly

Our objective is to determine the risk factors associated with recurrent epistaxis requiring emergency department (ED) visits in the elderly.

http://ift.tt/2BEl7jl

Adipose-derived stem cells for treatment of chronic cutaneous ulcers in patients with critical limb ischemia: a pilot study

Abstract

Background

Therapeutic approaches based on stem cells have recently been introduced to treat chronic ulcers, with good results. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the topical application of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the treatment of ischemic cutaneous ulcers modified the skin perfusion of the treated areas.

Methods

Perilesional laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and transcutaneous oximetry (tcpO₂) values were recorded for a 3-month period in seven arteriopathic and diabetic patients with ischemic ulcers of the lower limb candidates to amputation, who had been previously treated with single co-administered perilesional and intralesional injections of ASCs+PRP.

Results

Significant differences were found between pretreatment (T0) and 3 month post-treatment (T3) values regarding both LDF values (basal mean values: T0 30.7; T3 50.4; declivous mean values: T0 23; T3 38.9;) and tcpO₂ levels (basal mean values: T0 6.7; T3 45.9; declivous mean values: T0 17.6; T3 47.3).

Conclusions

According to the values of LDF and TcpO₂, the multidisciplinary treatment of severe ulcers with ACSs+PRP associated or not with revascularization therapy allowed a perilesional improvement of oxygenation and perfusion such to avoid limb amputation, with complete wound healing. Early treatment with ASCs associated or not with reperfusion therapy is an effective treatment even in severe ulcers in advanced stage once treated with amputation of limb.

Level of evidence: Level V, therapeutic study

http://ift.tt/2ibfZuA

Sex Differences in Sleep-Disordered Breathing After Stroke: Results from the BASIC Project

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), an independent risk factor for stroke, is associated with worse post-stroke outcomes. Differences in the relationship between SDB and stroke may exist for women versus men. In this population-based study, we compared the prevalence of both pre- and post-stroke SDB by sex. We also explored whether menopausal status is related to post-stroke SDB.

http://ift.tt/2jELD4d

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin does not activate human basophils

http://ift.tt/2j8iqz0

IL-24 is a common and specific autoantigen of IgE in chronic spontaneous urticaria

The efficacy of omalizumab (anti-IgE) and elevated IgE levels in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) suggest autoallergic mechanisms.

http://ift.tt/2Bv1Sbo

Generation of adult human T cell progenitors for immunotherapeutic applications

http://ift.tt/2ja9RUp

Multiple Digit Melanonychia: Examine the Scalp

http://ift.tt/2i9sAhV

The distribution of tritium in aquatic environments, Lithuania

Publication date: Available online 1 December 2017
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
Author(s): Olga Jefanova, Jonas Mažeika, Rimantas Petrošius, Žana Skuratovič
The aim of this study is to investigate mobile radionuclide tritium (³H or T) activity dynamics in aquatic environments related to Ignalina NPP (INPP) site and water bodies located in remote areas unaffected by the INPP. The ³H excess in the INPP environment was analyzed and compared to the variable ³H background level over the period of operation of the INPP (end of 1983 – end of 2009) and during the initial stage of decommissioning (2010–2017). ³H in the INPP vicinity has been studied in the water of artificial channels related to operation of the INPP and site drainage, in natural surface water bodies and, at a smaller scale, in unconfined groundwater. This study presents an extensive ³H data set extending back to 1980, i.e. before INPP operation started. To assess the contribution of global sources to ³H dynamics, monthly precipitation was also studied, along with water from the Baltic Sea, Curonian Lagoon and Nemunas River were studied as well, all three of these located in the Lithuanian maritime zone. The ³H activity concentration in water was measured using liquid scintillation counting (LSC) techniques (direct counting and counting after enrichment). During the period of INPP operation, ³H from liquid effluent could be clearly observed in discharge channels, occurring in rather low diluted conditions, as well as in Lake Druksiai, the cooling basin, at an even more diluted level. The highest ³H activity concentration in Lake Druksiai was observed in 2003 and reached 201.3 ± 1.3 TU at a time when ³H activity concentrations in background water bodies was 9.2 ± 3.5 TU. After the closure of the INPP, the ³H liquid effluent rate reduced by approximately two orders of magnitude (from 10¹² Bq in 1991 to 10¹⁰ Bq in 2016) and when decommissioning activity commenced then the ³H activity concentration fell to that approaching the background level (19–27 TU) that can still be observed in industrial discharge and rainwater drainage channels. ³H as a result of leakage from the INPP can be observed in groundwater only in direct proximity to the INPP site near the radioactive waste storage zone.

http://ift.tt/2iC5GDB

Identifying radon priority areas and dwellings with radon exceedances in Bulgaria using stored CD/DVDs

Publication date: Available online 1 December 2017
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
Author(s): D. Pressyanov, I. Dimitrova, K. Mitev, S. Georgiev, D. Dimitrov
The implementation of the 2013/59/EURATOM directive in the part related to radon exposure imposes challenges for radon measurement methodology and radon survey design. Among them is the need to have estimates (preferably direct) of the annual average radon concentrations, which can be directly compared to the recommended reference levels. On this basis, the surveys should make possible the identification of dwellings with indoor radon above the reference levels and "radon priority areas" where significant proportion of the dwellings falls in this category. The performance of the CD/DVD method for radon measurements as a tool to address these issues is presented. A recent large scale field study based on the CD/DVD method that was carried out in the suburb area of Sofia, Bulgaria is described. Part of the studied area was affected in the past by the uranium mining and milling industry. In total 462 disks (CDs and DVDs) taken from 335 private dwellings from 10 districts in the region were analyzed. The results revealed the large heterogeneity in radon distribution in the area, with the percentage of dwellings with a ²²²Rn level above 300 Bq m⁻³ ranking from about 7% to 74%. The district of Yana, for which this percent was 74, was identified as the area of highest radon priority in the region. The paper also discusses how prompt identification of dwellings with radon above the reference level by CD/DVDs can be incorporated within an integrated approach to the radon problem. Within this approach the radon hazard is identified shortly after the stakeholder's decision to test, which allows fast solution of the problem without waiting the long (and usually demotivating) one-year period needed for direct results by the commonly used prospective methods.

http://ift.tt/2APrH9I

Accuracy of computer-assisted orthognathic surgery

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the difference between the planned and the actual movements of the jaws, using three-dimensional (3D) software for PC-assisted orthognathic surgery, to establish the accuracy of the procedure.

http://ift.tt/2iFE40m

Adverse bioeffect of perfluorooctanoic acid on liver metabolic function in mice

Abstract

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a kind of manufactured material, is widely accumulated around environmental system and into wildlife, including human beings. Toxicologically, PFOA induces hepatomegaly (liver enlargement) in the dose- and time-dependent manners. However, biological mechanism of hepatotoxicity warrants to be further investigated. In the present study, mature male mice were exposed to dosed PFOA for 21 days before conducting biochemical tests and immunoassays. As results, decreased fast blood glucose and elevated insulin contents were observed in PFOA-dosed mice. In addition, PFOA-dosed mice resulted in increased liver functional enzymes (GPT, GOT) in serum. And lipid contents (TG, lipoproteins) in serum and liver were changed abnormally. As shown in immunohistochemistry, increased insulin- and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-positive cells were showed in PFOA-exposed pancreatic tissues. Moreover, CD36-positive cells were increased in PFOA-exposed livers, while ApoB-labeled cells were reduced. Further, immunoblot data showed that hepatocellular fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in PFOA-exposed liver was down-regulated dose-dependently. Taken together, our preliminary findings demonstrated that PFOA-induced hepatocellular lipotoxicity may be linked to impairing lipid-regulated proteins, as well as inducing insulin expression from pancreatic tissue.

http://ift.tt/2BtPFUb

Selective Laser Melted Digital Hydraulic Valve System

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing , Vol. 0, No. 0.

http://ift.tt/2iyUWGq

Clinically Relevant Bioprinting Workflow and Imaging Process for Tissue Construct Design and Validation

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing , Vol. 0, No. 0.

http://ift.tt/2AA1hYV

3D Printed Hierarchical Gyroid Structure with Embedded Photocatalyst TiO2 Nanoparticles

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing , Vol. 0, No. 0.

http://ift.tt/2iyUJmC

Prevention of Mucositis in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Treated With Radiotherapy

Conditions: Radiation- Induced Mucositis; Adverse Effect of Radiation Therapy; Head and Neck Cancer
Interventions: Other: Normal saline with salt/Soda; Other: Clinacanthus nutans; Other: Boesenbergia rotunda
Sponsor: Chulabhorn Hospital
Recruiting

http://ift.tt/2Buprki

Prevention of Mucositis in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Treated With Radiotherapy

Encephalitis and Thalamic Injury From Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus in Children on Treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Publication date: Available online 2 December 2017
Source:Pediatric Neurology
Author(s): Lauge Farnaes, Deborah Schiff, Anita K. McElroy, Nicole G. Coufal, John R. Crawford, Christopher Cannavino

http://ift.tt/2nk7bbc

New-Onset Status Epilepticus in Pediatric Patients: Causes, Characteristics, and Outcomes

Publication date: Available online 1 December 2017
Source:Pediatric Neurology
Author(s): Saba Jafarpour, Ryan M. Hodgeman, Carolina De Marchi Capeletto, Mateus Torres Avelar de Lima, Kush Kapur, Robert C. Tasker, Tobias Loddenkemper
Background: Many pediatric patients presenting with status epilepticus do not have any history of seizures. Methods: We retrospectively studied clinical characteristics in patients aged 1 month to 21 years who presented during 6 consecutive years with convulsive status epilepticus and without a prior history of seizures. New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE) was defined as status epilepticus refractory to two lines of treatment, without an identified cause in the first 48 hours. Results: Of 460 patients with status epilepticus, 79 (17.2%) presented with new-onset status epilepticus, including 4 (0.9%) with NORSE. Of those, 54.4% were female, and the median age was 3.5 years (IQR: 1.08-6.75). Median seizure duration was 20 minutes (IQR: 10-40). Etiology was unknown in 36.7%, symptomatic in 30.3%, provoked in 16.5%, and provoked with an existing symptomatic etiology in 16.5%. EEG was abnormal in 70.9% of the patients, while MRI was abnormal in 54.7%. Patients were followed for a median duration of 63 months (IQR: 21-97). The mortality rate was 3.8%. Of 55 patients who were developmentally normal at baseline, 29.1% had a significant cognitive impairment at last follow-up, and 20% had academic difficulties or behavioral problems. Patients with symptomatic etiology had greater odds of having cognitive and behavioral problems compared to the unknown etiology (OR=3.83, p=0.012), while there was no difference between the provoked and the unknown groups (OR=0.62, p=0.50). Conclusion: New-onset status epilepticus patients are at risk of recurrent seizures, recurrent status epilepticus, death, and subsequent cognitive/behavioral impairment. Specific monitoring and care interventions might be required in this high-risk population.

http://ift.tt/2zJr11g

Post Varicella Arterial Ischaemic Stroke in Denmark 2010-2016

Publication date: Available online 1 December 2017
Source:Pediatric Neurology
Author(s): Ida Glode Helmuth, Kåre Mølbak, Peter Vilhelm Uldall, Anja Poulsen
Background: Varicella, most often a benign disease of childhood, is associated with an increased risk of arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS) in children. The aim of the present study was to estimate the incidence of post varicella AIS in the Danish child population and describe clinical characteristics of children admitted with post varicella AIS. Methods: In the Danish National Patient Register, we identified inpatients 28 days-16 years of age with a discharge diagnosis of stroke and/or cerebrovascular disease from 2010-2016. Medical files were reviewed and children with AIS and varicella infection <12 months before onset of symptoms included. Results: We identified 15 children with AIS and varicella <12 months before. In nine children, the diagnosis was confirmed by detection of VZV DNA or VZV IgG in cerebrospinal fluid. All children were previously healthy, the mean age was 4 years and 67% were male. The median time from varicella rash to AIS was 4.6 months. The most common location of AIS was the basal ganglia and affected vessels were most often in the anterior circulation. Fifty-three percent experienced neurologic sequelae of varying degree. Conclusions: In Denmark, where varicella vaccination is not part of the childhood vaccination programme the estimated risk of post varicella AIS was 1 case (including possible cases) out of 26, 000 children with varicella.

http://ift.tt/2nmDXIF

Independent and interactive associations of negative affect, restraint, and impulsivity in relation to binge eating among women

Publication date: 1 February 2018
Source:Appetite, Volume 121
Author(s): Tyler B. Mason, Kathryn E. Smith, Jason M. Lavender, Robin J. Lewis
There is growing recognition that impulsivity may serve as an underlying risk factor for binge eating. In addition, the association of impulsivity with binge eating may be moderated by other affective and cognitive risk factors. This study examined independent and interactive associations of negative affect, dietary restraint, and facets of impulsivity with binge eating. A diverse sample of 566 undergraduate women completed online questionnaires of study variables. Results revealed a three-way interaction of negative affect, dietary restraint, and attentional impulsivity in relation to binge eating. Women who were high on each of these three variables reported the greatest levels of binge eating. In addition, a two-way interaction was found for negative affect and nonplanning impulsivity in relation to binge eating, such that nonplanning impulsivity strengthened the association between negative affect and binge eating. Attentional and nonplanning facets of impulsivity may function as an underlying trait-level risk factor interacts with affective and/or cognitive risk (e.g., negative affect, dietary restraint) factors to predict elevated binge eating.

http://ift.tt/2zJfzTt

Choriocapillaris flow deficit in Bietti crystalline dystrophy detected using optical coherence tomography angiography

Background/Aims

This study aimed to evaluate blood flow in the choriocapillaris in patients with Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD) with CYP4V2 mutations using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and to explore the parameters associated with visual function.

Methods

This prospective case-series study included 13 eyes of 13 consecutive patients with BCD with CYP4V2 mutations and 20 healthy eyes. Using OCTA, we obtained en face images of blood flow in the choriocapillaris. The residual choriocapillaris area on en face images in a 10°x10° macular cube was manually measured and graded according to whether the choriocapillaris remained at the subfovea. We also investigated factors associated with visual acuity (VA) and the mean deviation (MD) value using a Humphrey field analyser with a 10–2 Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm standard program among OCTA-derived parameters.

Results

Choriocapillaris blood flow deficit was observed in 12 eyes (92%), whereas this was observed in none of healthy eyes. The adjusted residual choriocapillaris area was 2.47±1.79 mm². The presence of the choriocapillaris at the subfovea was significantly correlated with VA and the MD value (P=0.006, r=0.71; P=0.04, r=–0.59, respectively).

Conclusions

Using OCTA, choriocapillaris blood flow deficit could be observed in most patients with BCD with CYP4V2 mutations. The presence of the choriocapillaris at the subfovea was significantly correlated with visual function in these patients. Analysis of choriocapillaris blood flow using OCTA allows non-invasive assessment of the patient's state.

http://ift.tt/2nnThF6

Salvage surgery for recurrence of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective study from 2005 to 2013

Publication date: Available online 2 December 2017
Source:European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
Author(s): K. Pujo, P. Philouze, A. Scalabre, P. Céruse, M. Poupart, G. Buiret
ObjectivesSalvage surgery is the gold-standard treatment for locoregional recurrence of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer following radiation therapy. Imperfect oncologic and functional results, however, require patient selection. The main objective of the present study was to determine preoperative factors for survival. Secondary objectives were to study 5-year overall and disease-free survival, general and locoregional complications, and functional results in terms of feeding and tracheotomy closure.Patients and methodA retrospective multicenter study included 52 patients treated by salvage surgery for recurrence of laryngeal or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma after radiation therapy between 2005 and 2013.ResultsFactors associated with improved 3-year overall survival on univariate analysis comprised laryngeal primary (P=0.001), laryngeal recurrence (P=0.026), rT1, rT2 or rT3 rather than rT4 tumor (P=0.007), previous chemotherapy (P=0.036), and neck dissection during salvage surgery (P=0.005), the last of these being confirmed on multivariate analysis. Five-year overall survival was 36.0% (range, 27.6–44.4%), for a median 23.04 months (95% CI, 19.44–26.64). Five-year disease-free survival was 23.5% (range, 16.0–31.0%), for a median 8.04 months (95% CI, 2.04–14.04).ConclusionSalvage surgery for laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer is difficult, and survival is not good. Laryngeal primary and recurrence location, moderate tumor volume and extension (<T4), prior chemotherapy and neck dissection during salvage surgery were associated with better overall and disease-free survival, which should enable better patient selection.

http://ift.tt/2BE0UdI

Let's not twist and spin-doctor our articles

Publication date: Available online 1 December 2017
Source:European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
Author(s): O. Laccourreye, H. Maisonneuve

http://ift.tt/2khUMn5

Isotopic source signatures: Impact of regional variability on the δ13CH4 trend and spatial distribution

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 174
Author(s): Aryeh I. Feinberg, Ancelin Coulon, Andrea Stenke, Stefan Schwietzke, Thomas Peter
The atmospheric methane growth rate has fluctuated over the past three decades, signifying variations in methane sources and sinks. Methane isotopic ratios (δ13CH4) differ between emission categories, and can therefore be used to distinguish which methane sources have changed. However, isotopic modelling studies have mainly focused on uncertainties in methane emissions rather than uncertainties in isotopic source signatures. We simulated atmospheric δ13CH4 for the period 1990–2010 using the global chemistry-climate model SOCOL. Empirically-derived regional variability in the isotopic signatures was introduced in a suite of sensitivity simulations. These simulations were compared to a baseline simulation with commonly used global mean isotopic signatures. We investigated coal, natural gas/oil, wetland, livestock, and biomass burning source signatures to determine whether regional variations impact the observed isotopic trend and spatial distribution. Based on recently published source signature datasets, our calculated global mean isotopic signatures are in general lighter than the commonly used values. Trends in several isotopic signatures were also apparent during the period 1990–2010. Tropical livestock emissions grew during the 2000s, introducing isotopically heavier livestock emissions since tropical livestock consume more C4 vegetation than midlatitude livestock. Chinese coal emissions, which are isotopically heavy compared to other coals, increase during the 2000s leading to higher global values of δ13CH4 for coal emissions. EDGAR v4.2 emissions disagree with the observed atmospheric isotopic trend for almost all simulations, confirming past doubts about this emissions inventory. The agreement between the modelled and observed δ13CH4 interhemispheric differences improves when regional source signatures are used. Even though the simulated results are highly dependent on the choice of methane emission inventories, they emphasize that the commonly used global mean signatures are inadequate. Regional isotopic signatures should be employed in modelling studies that try to constrain methane emission inventories.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2iFxqr4

An assessment of the real-world driving gaseous emissions from a Euro 6 light-duty diesel vehicle using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS)

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 174
Author(s): José M. Luján, Vicente Bermúdez, Vicente Dolz, Javier Monsalve-Serrano
Recent investigations demonstrated that real-world emissions usually exceed the levels achieved in the laboratory based type approval processes. By means of on-board emissions measurements, it has been shown that nitrogen oxides emitted by diesel engines substantially exceed the limit imposed by the Euro 6 regulation. Thus, with the aim of complementing the worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle, the real driving emissions cycle will be introduced after 1 September 2017 to regulate the vehicle emissions in real-world driving situations.This paper presents on-board gaseous emissions measurements from a Euro 6 light-duty diesel vehicle in a real-world driving route using a portable emissions measurement system. The test route characteristics follow the requirements imposed by the RDE regulation. The analysis of the raw emissions results suggests that the greatest amount of nitrogen oxides and nitrogen dioxide are emitted during the urban section of the test route, confirming that lower speeds with more accelerations and decelerations lead to higher nitrogen oxides emissions levels than constant high speeds. Moreover, the comparison of the two calculation methods proposed by the real driving emissions regulation has revealed emissions rates differences ranging from 10% to 45% depending on the pollutant emission and the trip section considered (urban or total). Thus, the nitrogen oxides emissions conformity factor slightly varies from one method to the other.

http://ift.tt/2iFxcjI

Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

! # Ola via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader

Η λίστα ιστολογίων μου

Σάββατο 2 Δεκεμβρίου 2017

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Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου