Παρασκευή 10 Ιουνίου 2016

Species-dependent role of crossmodal connectivity among the primary sensory cortices

Publication date: Available online 9 June 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): M. Alex Meredith, Stephen G. Lomber
When a major sense is lost, crossmodal plasticity substitutes functional processing from the remaining, intact senses. Recent studies of deafness-induced crossmodal plasticity in different subregions of auditory cortex indicate that the phenomenon is largely based on the "unmasking" of existing inputs. However, there is not yet a consensus on the sources or effects of crossmodal inputs to primary sensory cortical areas. In the present review, a rigorous re-examination of the experimental literature indicates that connections between different primary sensory cortices consistently occur in rodents, while primary-to-primary projections are absent/inconsistent in non-rodents such as cats and monkeys. These observations suggest that crossmodal plasticity that involves primary sensory areas are likely to exhibit species-specific distinctions.

Graphical abstract

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Neural correlates of auditory scale illusion

Publication date: Available online 9 June 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Shinya Kuriki, Ryousuke Numao, Iku Nemoto
The auditory illusory perception "scale illusion" occurs when ascending and descending musical scale tones are delivered in a dichotic manner, such that the higher or lower tone at each instant is presented alternately to the right and left ears. Resulting tone sequences have a zigzag pitch in one ear and the reversed (zagzig) pitch in the other ear. Most listeners hear illusory smooth pitch sequences of up-down and down-up streams in the two ears separated in higher and lower halves of the scale. Although many behavioral studies have been conducted, how and where in the brain the illusory percept is formed have not been elucidated. In this study, we conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging using sequential tones that induced scale illusion (ILL) and those that mimicked the percept of scale illusion (PCP), and we compared the activation responses evoked by those stimuli by region-of-interest analysis. We examined the effects of adaptation, i.e., the attenuation of response that occurs when close-frequency sounds are repeated, which might interfere with the changes in activation by the illusion process. Results of the activation difference of the two stimuli, measured at varied tempi of tone presentation, in the superior temporal auditory cortex were not explained by adaptation. Instead, excess activation of the ILL stimulus from the PCP stimulus at moderate tempi (83 and 126 bpm) was significant in the posterior auditory cortex with rightward superiority, while significant prefrontal activation was dominant at the highest tempo (245 bpm). We suggest that the area of the planum temporale posterior to the primary auditory cortex is mainly involved in the illusion formation, and that the illusion-related process is strongly dependent on the rate of tone presentation.

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Species-dependent role of crossmodal connectivity among the primary sensory cortices

Graphical abstract

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A case report of anorectal malignant melanoma with mucosal skipped lesion.

A case report of anorectal malignant melanoma with mucosal skipped lesion.

Int J Surg Case Rep. 2016 Apr 30;24:206-210

Authors: Arakawa K, Kiyomatsu T, Ishihara S, Ikemura M, Hojo D, Takiyama H, Murono K, Otani K, Yasuda K, Nishikawa T, Tanaka T, Kawai K, Hata K, Nozawa H, Yamaguchi H, Watanabe T

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We report our experience involving a case of relatively rare anorectal malignant melanoma with skipped lesion.
PRESENTATION OF CASE: The patient was a 72-year-old man who had visited a local clinic complaining of a mass in the anal region, whereupon he was referred to our hospital on suspicion of a malignant melanoma. Close examination revealed a 25-mm black type 1 tumor one-third the size of the circumference of the anal canal and located externally to it. We performed transanal resection of the tumor and confirmed a diagnosis of malignant melanoma. Notably, multiple macular black lesions spaced away from the main lesion were observed during surgery in half of the circumference of the anal canal, from the tumor to the pectinate line. A biopsy of the area also revealed malignant melanoma; therefore, we performed abdominoperineal resection. Pathological diagnosis indicated a submucosal depth; the patient was thus diagnosed with T4 N2c M0 stage IIIb malignant melanoma and was followed on an outpatient basis.
DISCUSSION: Patients with anorectal malignant melanoma have very poor prognoses owing to early lymph node metastasis and hematogenous metastasis. Our case illustrates that small anorectal malignant melanoma lesions can spread from the main lesion and invade the mucosa; examinations may sometimes miss such skipped lesions.
CONCLUSION: Skipped lesions can occur in anorectal melanomas; thus, careful scrutiny of such lesions is required. Moreover, lesion resection is critical for anorectal malignant melanomas.

PMID: 27281362 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Primary pulmonary melanoma: a report of two cases.

Primary pulmonary melanoma: a report of two cases.

World J Surg Oncol. 2015;13:274

Authors: Watanabe M, Yamamoto H, Hashida S, Soh J, Sugimoto S, Toyooka S, Miyoshi S

Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a refractory malignancy with a dismal prognosis. It generally arises from the skin in most cases, and cases of primary pulmonary malignant melanoma are rare and often behave aggressively. We have treated two cases of localized primary pulmonary malignant melanoma using surgical resection. Pulmonary malignant melanomas often metastasize to the brain and liver; one of our cases exhibited metastasis to the cecum at about 8 months after surgery. Because cutaneous melanomas often carry activating mutations in the BRAF gene (V600E), we performed a BRAF mutational analysis using direct sequencing for both of these tumors arising from the lung. However, no BRAF mutations were detected. We detected a p53 mutation, which was thought to be a potential somatic mutation, in one of the two cases using a sequencing panel targeting 20 lung cancer-related genes. Although we also checked the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on the surface of the tumor cells by immunohistochemical testing, neither of our two cases expressed PD-L1. Further molecular analyses may uncover the characteristics of primary pulmonary malignant melanomas.

PMID: 26376781 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Curcumin: A new candidate for melanoma therapy?

Curcumin: A new candidate for melanoma therapy?

Int J Cancer. 2016 Jun 9;

Authors: Mirzaei H, Naseri G, Rezaee R, Mohammadi M, Banikazemi Z, Reza Mirzaei H, Salehi H, Peyvandi M, Pawelek JM, Sahebkar A

Abstract
Melanoma remains among the most lethal cancers and, in spite of great attempts that have been made to increase the life span of patients with metastatic disease, durable and complete remissions are rare. Plants and plant extracts have long been used to treat a variety of human conditions; however, in many cases, effective doses of herbal remedies are associated with serious adverse effects. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol that shows a variety of pharmacological activities including anti-cancer effects, and only minimal adverse effects have been reported for this phytochemical. The anti-cancer effects of curcumin are the result of its anti-angiogenic, pro-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory properties. At the molecular and cellular level, curcumin can blunt epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and affect many targets that are involved in melanoma initiation and progression (e.g. BCl2, MAPKS, p21 and some microRNAs). However, curcumin has a low oral bioavailability that may limit its maximal benefits. The emergence of tailored formulations of curcumin and new delivery systems such as nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles and phospholipid complexes has led to the enhancement of curcumin bioavailability. Although in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that curcumin and its analogues can be used as novel therapeutic agents in melanoma, curcumin has not yet been tested against melanoma in clinical practice. In this review, we summarized reported anti-melanoma effects of curcumin as well as studies on new curcumin formulations and delivery systems that show increased bioavailability. Such tailored delivery systems could pave the way for enhancement of the anti-melanoma effects of curcumin. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 27280688 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Ortner's Syndrome-A Rare Cause of Hoarseness: Its Importance to an Otorhinolaryngologist.

Ortner's Syndrome-A Rare Cause of Hoarseness: Its Importance to an Otorhinolaryngologist.

Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Mar;28(85):163-7

Authors: Sarin V, Bhardwaj B

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovocal hoarseness (Ortner's syndrome) is hoarseness of voice due to recurrent laryngeal nerve involvement secondary to cardiovascular disease. Recurrent laryngeal nerve in its course (especially the left side) follows a path that brings it in close proximity to numerous structures. These structures interfere with its function by pressure or by disruption of the nerve caused by disease invading the nerve. However painless asymptomatic intramural hematoma of the aortic arch, causing hoarseness as the only symptom, is a rare presentation as in this case.
CASE REPORT: We report a case of silent aortic intramural hematoma which manifested as hoarseness as the only presenting symptom. A detailed history and thorough clinical examination could not reveal the pathology of hoarseness. The cause of hoarseness was diagnosed as aortic intramural hematoma on contrast computed tomography. Thus the patient was diagnosed as case of cardiovocal hoarseness (Ortner's syndrome) secondary to aortic intramural hematoma.
CONCLUSION: A silent aortic intramural hematoma with hoarseness as the only presenting symptom is very rare. This particular case report holds lot of significance to an otolaryngologist as he should be aware of this entity and should always consider it in the differential diagnosis of hoarseness.

PMID: 27280105 [PubMed]

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Cabozantinib versus everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma (METEOR): final results from a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Cabozantinib versus everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma (METEOR): final results from a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Lancet Oncol. 2016 Jun 3;

Authors: Choueiri TK, Escudier B, Powles T, Tannir NM, Mainwaring PN, Rini BI, Hammers HJ, Donskov F, Roth BJ, Peltola K, Lee JL, Heng DY, Schmidinger M, Agarwal N, Sternberg CN, McDermott DF, Aftab DT, Hessel C, Scheffold C, Schwab G, Hutson TE, Pal S, Motzer RJ, METEOR investigators

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cabozantinib is an oral inhibitor of tyrosine kinases including MET, VEGFR, and AXL. The randomised phase 3 METEOR trial compared the efficacy and safety of cabozantinib versus the mTOR inhibitor everolimus in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who progressed after previous VEGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitor treatment. Here, we report the final overall survival results from this study based on an unplanned second interim analysis.
METHODS: In this open-label, randomised phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 18 years and older with advanced or metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma, measurable disease, and previous treatment with one or more VEGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors to receive 60 mg cabozantinib once a day or 10 mg everolimus once a day. Randomisation was done with an interactive voice and web response system. Stratification factors were Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center risk group and the number of previous treatments with VEGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival as assessed by an independent radiology review committee in the first 375 randomly assigned patients and has been previously reported. Secondary endpoints were overall survival and objective response in all randomly assigned patients assessed by intention-to-treat. Safety was assessed per protocol in all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. The study is closed for enrolment but treatment and follow-up of patients is ongoing for long-term safety evaluation. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01865747.
FINDINGS: Between Aug 8, 2013, and Nov 24, 2014, 658 patients were randomly assigned to receive cabozantinib (n=330) or everolimus (n=328). The median duration of follow-up for overall survival and safety was 18·7 months (IQR 16·1-21·1) in the cabozantinib group and 18·8 months (16·0-21·2) in the everolimus group. Median overall survival was 21·4 months (95% CI 18·7-not estimable) with cabozantinib and 16·5 months (14·7-18·8) with everolimus (hazard ratio [HR] 0·66 [95% CI 0·53-0·83]; p=0·00026). Cabozantinib treatment also resulted in improved progression-free survival (HR 0·51 [95% CI 0·41-0·62]; p<0·0001) and objective response (17% [13-22] with cabozantinib vs 3% [2-6] with everolimus; p<0·0001) per independent radiology review among all randomised patients. The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events were hypertension (49 [15%] in the cabozantinib group vs 12 [4%] in the everolimus group), diarrhoea (43 [13%] vs 7 [2%]), fatigue (36 [11%] vs 24 [7%]), palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome (27 [8%] vs 3 [1%]), anaemia (19 [6%] vs 53 [17%]), hyperglycaemia (3 [1%] vs 16 [5%]), and hypomagnesaemia (16 [5%] vs none). Serious adverse events grade 3 or worse occurred in 130 (39%) patients in the cabozantinib group and in 129 (40%) in the everolimus group. One treatment-related death occurred in the cabozantinib group (death; not otherwise specified) and two occurred in the everolimus group (one aspergillus infection and one pneumonia aspiration).
INTERPRETATION: Treatment with cabozantinib increased overall survival, delayed disease progression, and improved the objective response compared with everolimus. Based on these results, cabozantinib should be considered as a new standard-of-care treatment option for previously treated patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Patients should be monitored for adverse events that might require dose modifications.
FUNDING: Exelixis Inc.

PMID: 27279544 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Reflux and Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Reflux and Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 Jun 9;

Authors: Bock JM, Poetker DM

PMID: 27280868 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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An unusual etiology of posttraumatic Collet-Sicard Syndrome: a case report.

An unusual etiology of posttraumatic Collet-Sicard Syndrome: a case report.

Pan Afr Med J. 2016;23:143

Authors: Mnari W, Kilani M, Harrathi K, Maatouk M, Koubaa J, Golli M

Abstract
Posttraumatic Unilateral paralysis of the last four cranial nerves (IX-XI), known as collet-Sicard syndrome, is rare following closed head injury. A 21-year-old man presented with slurred speech, hoarseness voice and difficulty swallowing his saliva following closed head trauma. The cranial nerve examination revealed left sided severe dysfunction of cranial nerves VII, IX, X, XI, and XII. A CT-Scan of the neck was performed demonstrating a fracture of the left styloid process at the base of the skull. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed unusually well seen lower cranial nerves due to nerve edema. The patient was managed conservatively with steroids and regular sessions of neuromuscular and orthophonic rehabilitation. The nutrition had to be administered by gastrostomy since he was unable to swallow. Six months after the injury a total neurological recovery was noted. We present the exceptional case of Collet-Sicard Syndrome caused by styloid process fracture.

PMID: 27279968 [PubMed - in process]

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Forecast Modelling via Variations in Binary Image-Encoded Information Exploited by Deep Learning Neural Networks.

Forecast Modelling via Variations in Binary Image-Encoded Information Exploited by Deep Learning Neural Networks.

PLoS One. 2016;11(6):e0157028

Authors: Liu D, Xu M, Niu D, Wang S, Liang S

Abstract
Traditional forecasting models fit a function approximation from dependent invariables to independent variables. However, they usually get into trouble when date are presented in various formats, such as text, voice and image. This study proposes a novel image-encoded forecasting method that input and output binary digital two-dimensional (2D) images are transformed from decimal data. Omitting any data analysis or cleansing steps for simplicity, all raw variables were selected and converted to binary digital images as the input of a deep learning model, convolutional neural network (CNN). Using shared weights, pooling and multiple-layer back-propagation techniques, the CNN was adopted to locate the nexus among variations in local binary digital images. Due to the computing capability that was originally developed for binary digital bitmap manipulation, this model has significant potential for forecasting with vast volume of data. The model was validated by a power loads predicting dataset from the Global Energy Forecasting Competition 2012.

PMID: 27281032 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Feasibility of thoracoscopic approach for retrosternal goitre (posterior mediastinal goitre): Personal experiences of 11 cases.

Feasibility of thoracoscopic approach for retrosternal goitre (posterior mediastinal goitre): Personal experiences of 11 cases.

J Minim Access Surg. 2016 Jul-Sep;12(3):240-4

Authors: Bhargav PR, Amar V, Mahilvayganan S, Nanganandadevi V

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Posterior mediastinal goitres constitute of a unique surgical thyroid disorder that requires expert management. Occasionally, they require thoracic approach for the completion of thyroidectomy. In this paper, we describe the feasibility and utility of a novel thoracoscopic approach for such goitres.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care endocrine surgery department in South India over a period of 5 years from January 2010 to December 2014. We developed a novel thoracoscopic technique for posterior mediastinal goitres instead of a more morbid thoracotomy or sternotomy. All the clinical, investigative, operative, pathological and follow-up data were collected from our prospectively filled database. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 15.0 version. Descriptive analysis was done. Operative Technique of Thoracoscopic Thyroidectomy: Single lumen endotracheal tube (SLETT) was used of anaesthetic intubation and general inhalational anaesthesia. Operative decubitus was supine with extension and abduction of the ipsilateral arm. Access to mediastinum was obtained by two working ports in the third and fifth intercostal spaces. Mediastinal extension was dissected thoracoscopically and delivered cervically.
RESULTS: Out of 1,446 surgical goitres operated during the study period, 72 (5%) had retrosternal goitre. Also, 27/72 (37.5%) cases had posterior mediastinal extension (PME), out of which 11 cases required thoracic approach. We utilised thoracoscopic technique for these 11 cases. The post-operative course was uneventful with no major morbidity. There was one case of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury and hoarseness of voice in the third case. Histopathologies in 10 cases were benign, out of which two had subclinical hyperthyroidism. One case had multifocal papillary microcarcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS: We opine that novel thoracoscopic technique is a feasibly optimal approach for posterior mediastinal goitre, especially for benign and non-invasive malignant goitres.

PMID: 27279395 [PubMed]

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'Just wait then and see what he does': a speech act analysis of healthcare professionals' interaction coaching with parents of children with autism spectrum disorders.

'Just wait then and see what he does': a speech act analysis of healthcare professionals' interaction coaching with parents of children with autism spectrum disorders.

Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2016 Jun 9;

Authors: McKnight LM, O'Malley-Keighran MP, Carroll C

Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is evidence indicating that parent training programmes including interaction coaching of parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can increase parental responsiveness, promote language development and social interaction skills in children with ASD. However, there is a lack of research exploring precisely how healthcare professionals use language in interaction coaching.
AIMS: To identify the speech acts of healthcare professionals during individual video-recorded interaction coaching sessions of a Hanen-influenced parent training programme with parents of children with ASD.
METHODS & PROCEDURES: This retrospective study used speech act analysis. Healthcare professional participants included two speech-language therapists and one occupational therapist. Sixteen videos were transcribed and a speech act analysis was conducted to identify the form and functions of the language used by the healthcare professionals. Descriptive statistics provided frequencies and percentages for the different speech acts used across the 16 videos.
OUTCOMES & RESULTS: Six types of speech acts used by the healthcare professionals during coaching sessions were identified. These speech acts were, in order of frequency: Instructing, Modelling, Suggesting, Commanding, Commending and Affirming. The healthcare professionals were found to tailor their interaction coaching to the learning needs of the parents. A pattern was observed in which more direct speech acts were used in instances where indirect speech acts did not achieve the intended response.
CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: The study provides an insight into the nature of interaction coaching provided by healthcare professionals during a parent training programme. It identifies the types of language used during interaction coaching. It also highlights additional important aspects of interaction coaching such as the ability of healthcare professionals to adjust the directness of the coaching in order to achieve the intended parental response to the child's interaction. The findings may be used to increase the awareness of healthcare professionals about the types of speech acts used during interaction coaching as well as the manner in which coaching sessions are conducted.

PMID: 27277838 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology

Volume 9(2); 2016 Jun

Review Article

The Efficacy of Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Peritonsillar Abscess: A Meta-Analysis

Yeon Ji Lee, Yeon Min Jeong, Ho Seok Lee, Se Hwan Hwang

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun; 9(2): 89–97. Published online 2016 Apr 19. doi: 10.21053/ceo.2014.01851

PMCID: PMC4881317

Article PubReader PDF–1.0M Citation

Original Articles

Methodology for Intraoperative Laser Doppler Vibrometry Measurements of Ossicular Chain Reconstruction

Jacek Sokołowski, Magdalena Lachowska, Robert Bartoszewicz, Kazimierz Niemczyk

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun; 9(2): 98–103. Published online 2016 Apr 19. doi: 10.21053/ceo.2015.00542

PMCID: PMC4881316

Article PubReader PDF–961K Citation

Evaluation of the Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist and Immunoregulatory Interleukin-10 in the Middle Ear in Chronic Otitis Media With Effusion in Children With and Without Atopy

Beata Zielnik-Jurkiewicz, Wanda Stankiewicz-Szymczak

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun; 9(2): 104–108. Published online 2016 Apr 19. doi: 10.21053/ceo.2015.00129

PMCID: PMC4881322

Article PubReader PDF–700K Citation

Hui-Ying Lyu, Ke-Guang Chen, Dong-Ming Yin, Juan Hong, Lin Yang, Tian-Yu Zhang, Pei-Dong Dai

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun; 9(2): 109–115. Published online 2016 Apr 19. doi: 10.21053/ceo.2014.02012

PMCID: PMC4881327

Article PubReader PDF–1.2M Citation

Eustachian Tube Opening Measurement by Sonotubometry Using Perfect Sequences for Healthy Adults

Vilma Beleskiene, Eugenijus Lesinskas, Vaida Januskiene, Kristina Daunoraviciene, Darius Rauba, Justinas Ivaska

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun; 9(2): 116–122. Published online 2016 Apr 19. doi: 10.21053/ceo.2015.00626

PMCID: PMC4881315

Article PubReader PDF–1.1M Citation

Is Body Mass Index Associated With the Development of Age-Related Hearing Impairment in Koreans? The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2012

Da Jung Jung, Jeong Hun Jang, Kyu-Yup Lee

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun; 9(2): 123–130. Published online 2016 Apr 19. doi: 10.21053/ceo.2015.00955

PMCID: PMC4881314

Article PubReader PDF–862K Citation

Comparison of Local Sclerotherapy With Lauromacrogol Versus Nasal Packing in the Treatment of Anterior Epistaxis

Paolo Farneti, Ernesto Pasquini, Vittorio Sciarretta, Giovanni Macrì, Giulia Gramellini, Antonio Pirodda

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun; 9(2): 131–135. Published online 2016 Apr 19. doi: 10.21053/ceo.2015.00416

PMCID: PMC4881320

Article PubReader PDF–673K Citation

Immediate and Sustained Improvement in Behavior and Life Quality by Adenotonsillectomy in Children With Sleep-Disordered Breathing

Yung Jin Jeon, Jae-Jin Song, Jae-Cheul Ahn, Il Gyu Kong, Jae-Won Kim, Gyeong-Hun Park, Tae-Bin Won

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun; 9(2): 136–142. Published online 2016 Apr 19. doi: 10.21053/ceo.2015.00584

PMCID: PMC4881325

Article PubReader PDF–747K Citation

Effect of a Chitosan Gel on Hemostasis and Prevention of Adhesion After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Young-Jun Chung, Se-Young An, Je-Yeob Yeon, Woo Sub Shim, Ji-Hun Mo

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun; 9(2): 143–149. Published online 2016 Apr 19. doi: 10.21053/ceo.2015.00591

PMCID: PMC4881319

Article PubReader PDF–908K Citation

Effect of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With or Without Nasal Polyp on Quality of Life in South Korea: 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Korean

Do Hyun Kim, Kyungdo Han, Soo Whan Kim

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun; 9(2): 150–156. Published online 2016 Apr 19. doi: 10.21053/ceo.2015.01053

PMCID: PMC4881329

Article PubReader PDF–838K Citation

Cepstral Analysis of Voice in Patients With Thyroidectomy

Yu Jeong Shin, Ki Hwan Hong

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun; 9(2): 157–162. Published online 2016 Apr 19. doi: 10.21053/ceo.2015.00199

PMCID: PMC4881323

Article PubReader PDF–826K Citation

The Effect of Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy on Right Ventricle Function and Pulmonary Artery Pressure by Using Doppler Echocardiography in Children

Onur Çağlar Acar, Abdurrahman Üner, Mehmet Fatih Garça, İbrahim Ece, Serdar Epçaçan, Mahfuz Turan, Ferhat Kalkan

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun; 9(2): 163–167. Published online 2016 Apr 19. doi: 10.21053/ceo.2015.00087

PMCID: PMC4881318

Article PubReader PDF–726K Citation

Oropharyngeal 24-Hour pH Monitoring in Children With Airway-Related Problems

Tamer A. Mesallam

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun; 9(2): 168–172. Published online 2016 Apr 19. doi: 10.21053/ceo.2015.00409

PMCID: PMC4881324

Article PubReader PDF–969K Citation

Effect of Octreotide Injection on Postoperative Drainage After Neck Dissection: A Preliminary Report of a Prospective, Matched Case-Control Study

Dongbin Ahn, Jae Han Jeon, Heejin Kim, Jin Ho Sohn

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun; 9(2): 173–177. Published online 2016 Apr 19. doi: 10.21053/ceo.2015.00073

PMCID: PMC4881328

Article PubReader PDF–695K Citation

Case Report

Spontaneous Retropharyngeal and Mediastinal Emphysema

Do-Yeon Cho, Geoffrey P. Aaron, Kimberly G. Shepard

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun; 9(2): 178–181. Published online 2016 Apr 19. doi: 10.21053/ceo.2014.01543

PMCID: PMC4881326

Article PubReader PDF–986K Citation

Correspondence

Are Clinical Features and Severity Vital While Deciding the Treatment in Sleep Apnea Syndrome?

Ahmet Cemal Pazarlı, Mehmet Akif Abakay, Timur Ekiz

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun; 9(2): 182. Published online 2016 Apr 19. doi: 10.21053/ceo.2015.02005

PMCID: PMC4881321

Article PubReader PDF–528K Citation

In Reply: Are Clinical Features and Severity Vital While Deciding the Treatment in Sleep Apnea Syndrome?

Ji Ho Choi, Jeffrey D. Suh, Jae Hoon Cho, Seung Hoon Lee, Chae-Seo Rhee

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun; 9(2): 183–184. Published online 2016 Apr 19. doi: 10.21053/ceo.2016.00311

PMCID: PMC4881330

Article PubReader PDF–586K Citation

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Unidentified bright objects (UBOs)

Unidentified Bright Objects on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Affect Vestibular Neuritis.:

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol.

Authors: Lee HY, Kim JC, Chang DS, Cho CS

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in clinical manifestations of in two groups of vestibular neuritis (VN) patients with or without unidentified bright objects (UBOs).

METHODS: A prospective, observational study with 46 patients diagnosed with VN between May 2013 and November 2013 was executed. A caloric test, a cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) test, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), spontaneous nystagmus test, head impulse test, and head-shaking nystagmus test were performed.

RESULTS: Of the patients, 56.5% (n=26) were classified as UBO-positive by MRI. These showed lower caloric weakness and more prominent cVEMP asymmetry compared with the UBO-negative group (P<0.05). Total VN (TVN) was the most common in the UBO-positive group (45.0%), followed by superior VN (SVN, 30.0%), and inferior VN (IVN, 25.0%). However, in the UBO-negative group, SVN (75.0%) was the most common, followed by TVN and IVN (P<0.05). The recovery rate was not influenced by UBOs (P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: UBOs on T2-weighted or fluid attenuated inversion recovery MRI may affect the patterns of the vestibular nerve in patients with VN.

PMID: 26622955 [PubMed]

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Vestibular neuritis

Evaluation and effect of vestibular rehabilitation.:

Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord).

Authors: Lorin P, Donnard M, Foubert F

Abstract

UNLABELLED: Vestibular neuritis (VN) is a caloric vestibular areflexia that occurs suddenly, and whose compensation can take several weeks, sometimes several months. Usually these patients are rehabilitated, but the most affected patients (cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) absent) have a worse prognosis of vestibulo-ocular compensation. Thanks to symptomatic, videographic and posturographic evaluation tools, we objectify and quantify which factors influence the recovery or more accurately the compensation of this type of disorder. EQUIPMENT AND METHOD: We have colligated 34 observations of VN whose beginning could be precisely dated. These 34 unilateral caloric areflexic patients had a symptomatic evaluation (SE) with scales (vertigo symptom scale, dizziness handicap inventory, short form 36), an evaluation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) (spontaneous nystagmus, head shaking test, mastoid bone skull vibration test, and finally an evaluation of the vestibulo-spinal function (VSF) on a dynamic posturography platform (DPY). On the other hand were evaluated eight elements supposed to influence (influence factors FI) the care and/or the outcome of the treatment (age, cVEMP absent, duration of deficiency, sports and walk practice, rehabilitation of VOR, rehabilitation of VSF, waiting period before application of rehabilitation, vertigo medications treatment).

RESULTS: By comparing averages and with a Fischer's exact test, we can show here that the medical treatment, the waiting period before the application of the rehabilitation, the number of rehabilitation sessions or the type of rehabilitation influence only partially the state of health of neuritis. The age of the patients and absent cVEMP don't have a major influence either. However, patients with the most important physical activity feel better from a symptomatic point of view, over a long period after the episode. The effect of rehabilitation might be temporary if daily activity is minimal.

CONCLUSION: The evaluation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex has long remained the main element for the evaluation of the state of health of vestibular neuritis. But if you use in addition posturography and symptomatic scales to assess the state of health, the neuritis considered to be compensated with the VOR will not always be symptomatically compensated. Estimating the functional recovery of neuritis can't be limited to estimating or quantifying the VOR. Rehabilitating neuritis can't be limited to rehabilitating the VOR. Finally we show here that physical activity is probably more necessary than any type of rehabilitation.

PMID: 26749601 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Vestibular neuritis in children and adolescents: Clinical features and recovery.

http:--linkinghub.elsevier.com-ihub-imag

Authors: Brodsky JR, Cusick BA, Zhou G

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Describe the clinical presentation and recovery of vestibular neuritis in children and adolescents.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series.

SETTING: Pediatric tertiary care center.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eleven patients diagnosed with vestibular neuritis were identified from a database of 301 patients evaluated at our pediatric vestibular clinic from January 2012 through January 2015. Medical records were reviewed to determine clinical presentation, vestibular testing results, treatment, and recovery. Incomplete recovery was defined as residual dizziness or imbalance at most recent follow-up >30 days from symptom onset.

RESULTS: Patients were 5-19 years old (mean 13.1±5.34) and included 6 boys and 5 girls. All presented with a sudden rotational vertigo, imbalance, and nausea for an average of 10 days without other associated symptoms. Testing included rotary chair (8 of 9 abnormal), caloric (2 of 2 abnormal), video head impulse (5 of 8 abnormal), subjective visual vertical (4 of 8 abnormal), and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (0 of 6 abnormal) tests. All patients with incomplete recovery (n=4; 36%) were ≥15 years old at symptom onset. All patients with incomplete recovery that underwent vestibular rehabilitation (n=2) initiated it ≥90 days from symptom onset, while 3 out of 4 patients with complete recovery that underwent vestibular rehabilitation initiated it ≤14 days from symptom onset. Two patients received oral steroids, neither of whom had incomplete recovery.

CONCLUSION: Vestibular neuritis should be considered in pediatric patients with vertigo and may result in longstanding symptoms, particularly in adolescents. The treatment of pediatric vestibular neuritis with rehabilitation and steroids deserves further study.

PMID: 26968063 [PubMed - in process]

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Islet autoantibodies present in association with Ljungan virus infection in bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in northern Sweden

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Abstract

Bank voles are known reservoirs for Puumala hantavirus and probably also for Ljungan virus (LV), a suggested candidate parechovirus in type 1 diabetes etiology and pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine whether wild bank voles had been exposed to LV and if exposure associated to autoantibodies against insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GADA) or islet autoantigen-2 (IA-2A).

Serum samples from bank voles (Myodes glareolus) captured in early summer or early winter of 1997 and 1998, respectively, were analyzed in radiobinding assays for antibodies against Ljungan virus (LVA) and Puumala virus (PUUVA) as well as for IAA, GADA and IA-2A. LVA was found in 25% (189/752), IAA in 2.5% (18/723), GADA in 2.6% (15/615) and IA-2A in 2.5% (11/461) of available bank vole samples. LVA correlated with both IAA (p = 0.007) and GADA (p < 0.001) but not with IA-2A (p = 0.999). There were no correlations with PUUVA, detected in 17% of the bank voles. Compared to LVA negative bank voles, LVA positive animals had higher levels of both IAA (p = 0.002) and GADA (p < 0.001) but not of IA-2A (p = 0.205). Levels of LVA as well as IAA and GADA were higher in samples from bank voles captured in early summer.

In conclusion: LVA was detected in bank voles and correlated with both IAA and GADA but not with IA-2A. These observations suggest that exposure to LV may be associated with islet autoimmunity. It remains to be determined if islet autoantibody positive bank voles may develop diabetes in the wild. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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New paradigms in clonal evolution: punctuated equilibrium in cancer

Abstract

Evolutionary theories are themselves subject to evolution. Clonal evolution – the model that describes the initiation and progression of cancer - is entering a period of profound change, brought about largely by technological developments in genome analysis. A flurry of recent publications, using modern mathematical and bioinformatic techniques, have revealed both punctuated and neutral evolution phenomena that are poorly explained by the conventional graduated perspectives. In this review, we propose that a hybrid model, inspired by the evolutionary model of punctuated equilibrium, could better explain these recent observations. We also discuss the conceptual changes and clinical implications of variable evolutionary tempos.

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Interaction between intra-oral cinnamaldehyde and nicotine assessed by psychophysical and physiological responses

Cinnamaldehyde and nicotine activate the transient receptor potential subtype A1 (TRPA1) channel, which may cause burning sensations. This study investigated whether cinnamaldehyde modulates nicotine-induced psychophysical and physiological responses in oral tissues. Healthy non-smokers (n = 22) received, in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, three different gums containing 4 mg of nicotine, 20 mg of cinnamaldehyde, or a combination thereof. Assessments of orofacial temperature and blood flow, blood pressure, heart rate, taste experience, and intra-oral pain/irritation area and intensity were performed before, during, and after a 10-min chewing regime. Cinnamaldehyde increased the temperature of the tongue and blood flow of the lip, and was associated with pain/irritation, especially in the mouth. Nicotine increased the temperature of the tongue and blood flow of the cheek, and produced pain/irritation in the mouth and throat. The combination of cinnamaldehyde and nicotine did not overtly change the psychophysical or physiological responses. Interestingly, half of the subjects responded to cinnamaldehyde as an irritant, and these cinnamaldehyde responders reported greater nicotine-induced pain/irritation areas in the throat. Whether sensitivity to cinnamaldehyde can predict the response to nicotine-induced oral irritation remains to be determined. A better understanding of the sensory properties of nicotine in the oral mucosa has important therapeutic implications because pain and irritation represent compliance issues for nicotine replacement products.

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Norepinephrine Regulates Keratinocyte Proliferation to Promote the Growth of Hair Follicles

Psychological factors and stress can cause hair loss. The sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axis has been reported to regulate the growth of hair follicles (HF). The sympathetic nerve is a component of the SAM axis, but it has not been sufficiently or convincingly linked to hair growth. In this study, we demonstrate that chemical sympathectomy via administration of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to mice inhibited HF growth, but treatment with the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (PR) had no effect. HF length and skin thickness were greater in PR-treated and control mice than in 6-OHDA-treated mice, as evidenced by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Furthermore, we found that the reduced HF growth in sympathectomized animals was accompanied by a decreased keratinocyte proliferation. Moreover, the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) was found to efficiently promote HF growth in an organotypic skin culture model. Together, these findings suggest that sympathetic nerves regulate keratinocyte behaviors to promote hair growth, providing novel insights into stress-related, chemotherapy-, and radiotherapy-induced alopecia.
Cells Tissues Organs

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Highlights of the Issue 6, 2016

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Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction: Insights in Etiologies, Clinical Subtypes, and Diagnostics.

Front Neurol. 2016;7:26

Authors: Lucieer F, Vonk P, Guinand N, Stokroos R, Kingma H, van de Berg R

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the different etiologies and clinical subtypes of bilateral vestibular hypofunction (BVH) and the value of diagnostic tools in the diagnostic process of BVH.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective case review was performed on 154 patients diagnosed with BVH in a tertiary referral center, between 2013 and 2015. Inclusion criteria comprised (1) imbalance and/or oscillopsia during locomotion and (2) summated slow phase velocity of nystagmus of less than 20°/s during bithermal caloric tests.

RESULTS: The definite etiology of BVH was determined in 47% of the cases and the probable etiology in 22%. In 31%, the etiology of BVH remained idiopathic. BVH resulted from more than 20 different etiologies. In the idiopathic group, the percentage of migraine was significantly higher compared to the non-idiopathic group (50 versus 11%, p < 0.001). Among all patients, 23.4% were known with autoimmune disorders in their medical history. All four clinical subtypes (recurrent vertigo with BVH, rapidly progressive BVH, slowly progressive BVH, and slowly progressive BVH with ataxia) were found in this population. Slowly progressive BVH with ataxia comprised only 4.5% of the cases. The head impulse test was abnormal in 94% of the cases. The torsion swing test was abnormal in 66%. Bilateral normal hearing to moderate hearing loss was found in 49%. Blood tests did not often contribute to the determination of the etiology of the disease. Abnormal cerebral imaging was found in 21 patients.

CONCLUSION: BVH is a heterogeneous condition with various etiologies and clinical characteristics. Migraine seems to play a significant role in idiopathic BVH and autoimmunity could be a modulating factor in the development of BVH. The distribution of etiologies of BVH probably depends on the clinical setting. In the diagnostic process of BVH, the routine use of some blood tests can be reconsidered and a low-threshold use of audiometry and cerebral imaging is advised. The torsion swing test is not the "gold standard" for diagnosing BVH due to its lack of sensitivity. Future diagnostic criteria of BVH should consist of standardized vestibular tests combined with a history that is congruent with the vestibular findings.

PMID: 26973594 [PubMed]

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Impact on the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio of Using Alternatives to EQ-5D in a Markov Model for Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

Objectives

This study responds to a request in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance to assess the impact of using alternative sources of utility values, applied to multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods

Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated using utility values based on UK and Dutch values of EQ-5D, two UK mappings and one Dutch mapping of EQ-5D and two condition-specific instruments: the UK eight-dimensional Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-8D) and the Dutch Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale Preference-Based Measure (MSIS-PBM). Deterministic and Monte-Carlo simulation-based ICERs were estimated for glatiramer acetate versus symptom management using a lifetime Markov model.

Results

For both UK and Dutch perspectives, mapped and condition-specific utility values expressed significantly higher quality of life for the worst health state of the model than did EQ-5D. The ICER of glatiramer acetate with EQ-5D was US$182,291 for The Netherlands and US$153,476 for the UK. Ratios for mapped and condition-specific utilities were between 20 and 60 % higher.

Conclusion

The overestimation of quality of life of patients with MS by mapped EQ-5D or condition-specific utility values, relative to observed EQ-5D, increases the ICER substantially in a lifetime Markov model.

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Forecast Modelling via Variations in Binary Image-Encoded Information Exploited by Deep Learning Neural Networks.

Forecast Modelling via Variations in Binary Image-Encoded Information Exploited by Deep Learning Neural Networks.

PLoS One. 2016;11(6):e0157028

Authors: Liu D, Xu M, Niu D, Wang S, Liang S

PMID: 27281032 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Reflux and Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Reflux and Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 Jun 9;

Authors: Bock JM, Poetker DM

PMID: 27280868 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Feasibility of thoracoscopic approach for retrosternal goitre (posterior mediastinal goitre): Personal experiences of 11 cases.

Feasibility of thoracoscopic approach for retrosternal goitre (posterior mediastinal goitre): Personal experiences of 11 cases.

J Minim Access Surg. 2016 Jul-Sep;12(3):240-4

Authors: Bhargav PR, Amar V, Mahilvayganan S, Nanganandadevi V

PMID: 27279395 [PubMed]

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Ortner's Syndrome-A Rare Cause of Hoarseness: Its Importance to an Otorhinolaryngologist.

Ortner's Syndrome-A Rare Cause of Hoarseness: Its Importance to an Otorhinolaryngologist.

Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Mar;28(85):163-7

Authors: Sarin V, Bhardwaj B

PMID: 27280105 [PubMed]

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Cabozantinib versus everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma (METEOR): final results from a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Cabozantinib versus everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma (METEOR): final results from a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Lancet Oncol. 2016 Jun 3;

PMID: 27279544 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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An unusual etiology of posttraumatic Collet-Sicard Syndrome: a case report.

An unusual etiology of posttraumatic Collet-Sicard Syndrome: a case report.

Pan Afr Med J. 2016;23:143

Authors: Mnari W, Kilani M, Harrathi K, Maatouk M, Koubaa J, Golli M

PMID: 27279968 [PubMed - in process]

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Impact of histopathological transformation and overall survival in patients with progressive anaplastic glioma.

Impact of histopathological transformation and overall survival in patients with progressive anaplastic glioma.:

Impact of histopathological transformation and overall survival in patients with progressive anaplastic glioma.

J Clin Neurosci. 2016 Jun 6;

Authors: Ho AL, Koch MJ, Tanaka S, Eichler AF, Batchelor TT, Tanboon J, Louis DN, Cahill DP, Chi AS, Curry WT

PMID: 27279154 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Impact of histopathological transformation and overall survival in patients with progressive anaplastic glioma.

J Clin Neurosci. 2016 Jun 6;

Authors: Ho AL, Koch MJ, Tanaka S, Eichler AF, Batchelor TT, Tanboon J, Louis DN, Cahill DP, Chi AS, Curry WT

Abstract
Progression of anaplastic glioma (World Health Organization [WHO] grade III) is typically determined radiographically, and transformation to glioblastoma (GB) (WHO grade IV) is often presumed at that time. However, the frequency of actual histopathologic transformation of anaplastic glioma and the subsequent clinical impact is unclear. To determine these associations, we retrospectively reviewed all anaplastic glioma patients who underwent surgery at our center at first radiographic progression, and we examined the effects of histological diagnosis, clinical history, and molecular factors on transformation rate and survival. We identified 85 anaplastic glioma (39 astrocytoma, 24 oligodendroglioma, 22 oligoastrocytoma), of which 38.8% transformed to GB. Transformation was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) from the time of diagnosis (3.4 vs. 10.9years, p=0.0005) and second surgery (1.0 vs. 3.5years, p<0.0001). Original histologic subtype did not significantly impact the risk of transformation or OS. No other factors, including surgery, adjuvant therapy or molecular markers, significantly affected the risk of transformation. However, mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) was associated with longer time to progression (median 4.6 vs. 1.4years, p=0.008) and OS (median 10.0 vs. 4.2years, p=0.046). At radiographic progression, tissue diagnosis may be warranted as histologic grade may provide valuable prognostic information and affect therapeutic clinical trial selection criteria for this patient population.

PMID: 27279154 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Toll like receptors 2 and 4 exert opposite effects on the contractile response induced by serotonin in mouse colon: Role of serotonin receptors

Microbiota through toll like receptors (TLR) may regulate gastrointestinal motility by activating neuroendocrine mechanisms. We evaluated the influence of TLR2 and TLR4 in spontaneous contractions and serotonin (5-HT)-induced motor response in mouse colon, and the 5-HT receptors involved. Muscle contractility studies to evaluate the intestinal spontaneous motility and the response to 5-HT were performed in the colon from wild type (WT), TLR2^−/−, TLR4^−/−, and TLR2/4 double knockout (DKO) mice. 5-HT receptor mRNA expression was determined by real-time PCR. The amplitude and frequency of the spontaneous contractions of the colon were smaller in TLR4^−/− and TLR2/4DKO respect to WT mice. In WT, TLR2^−/−, and TLR2/4 DKO mice, 5-HT 100 μm evoked a contractile response. The contractile response induced by 5-HT was significantly higher in TLR2^−/− respect to WT mice. In TLR4^−/− mice, 5-HT did not evoke any contractile response. The mRNA expression of 5-HT_2A was increased in TLR2^−/− and TLR2/4 DKO. The 5-HT_2C and 5-HT₄ mRNA expressions were increased in TLR4^−/− and TLR2/4 DKO. The 5-HT_2C mRNA expression was diminished in TLR2^−/- . The 5-HT₃ mRNA expression was increased in TLR2^−/−, TLR4^−/− and TLR2/4 DKO. The 5-HT₇ mRNA expression was diminished in TLR2/4 DKO. In WT, TLR2^−/− and TLR2/4 DKO, 5-HT₂, 5-HT₃, 5-HT₄, and 5-HT₇ receptor antagonists reduced or blocked the contractile response evoked by 5-HT. We postulate that TLR2 and TLR4 modulate the serotonin contractile motor response in mouse colon in an opposite way by modifying the expression of several serotonin receptors.

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Impact of histopathological transformation and overall survival in patients with progressive anaplastic glioma.

Impact of histopathological transformation and overall survival in patients with progressive anaplastic glioma.:

Impact of histopathological transformation and overall survival in patients with progressive anaplastic glioma.

J Clin Neurosci. 2016 Jun 6;

Authors: Ho AL, Koch MJ, Tanaka S, Eichler AF, Batchelor TT, Tanboon J, Louis DN, Cahill DP, Chi AS, Curry WT

PMID: 27279154 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Impact of histopathological transformation and overall survival in patients with progressive anaplastic glioma.

J Clin Neurosci. 2016 Jun 6;

Authors: Ho AL, Koch MJ, Tanaka S, Eichler AF, Batchelor TT, Tanboon J, Louis DN, Cahill DP, Chi AS, Curry WT

PMID: 27279154 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Toll like receptors 2 and 4 exert opposite effects on the contractile response induced by serotonin in mouse colon: Role of serotonin receptors

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Osteopontin regulates proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of murine claudin-low mammary tumor cells

Osteopontin regulates proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of murine claudin-low mammary tumor cells:

Abstract

Background

Osteopontin is a secreted phosphoglycoprotein that is expressed by a number of normal cells as well as a variety of tumor cells. With respect to breast cancer, osteopontin has been implicated in regulating tumor cell proliferation and migration/metastasis and may serve as a prognostic indicator. However it remains unclear whether osteopontin has the same impact in all breast cancer subtypes and in particular, osteopontin's effects in claudin-low breast cancer are poorly understood.

Methods

cDNA microarrays and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate osteopontin expression in mammary tumors from MTB-IGFIR transgenic mice and cell lines derived from these tumors. siRNA was then used to determine the impact of osteopontin knockdown on proliferation, apoptosis and migration in vitro in two murine claudin-low cell lines as well as identify the receptor mediating osteopontin's physiologic effects.

Results

Osteopontin was expressed at high levels in mammary tumors derived from MTB-IGFIR transgenic mice compared to normal mammary tissue. Evaluation of cell lines derived from different mammary tumors revealed that mammary tumor cells with claudin-low characteristic expressed high levels of osteopontin whereas mammary tumor cells with mixed luminal and basal-like features expressed lower levels of osteopontin. Reduction of osteopontin levels using siRNA significantly reduced proliferation and migration while increasing apoptosis in the claudin-low cell lines. Osteopontin's effect appear to be mediated through a receptor containing ITGAV and not through CD44.

Conclusions

Our data suggests that mammary tumors with a mixed luminal/basal-like phenotype express high levels of osteopontin however this osteopontin appears to be largely produced by non-tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment. In contrast tumor cells with claudin-low characteristics express high levels of osteopontin and a reduction of osteopontin in these cells impaired proliferation, survival and migration.

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Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

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Η λίστα ιστολογίων μου

Παρασκευή 10 Ιουνίου 2016

Graphical abstract

Graphical abstract

Volume 9(2); 2016 Jun

Review Article

Original Articles

Case Report

Correspondence

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου