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"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"[jour]
These pubmed results were generated on 2016/12/26
PubMed comprises more than 24 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Malformations of the pinna occur in around 2-5% of all newborns. Prominent ears in childhood can be a source of psychological distress and lead to bullying and social exclusion. We present the case of a 14-year-old girl who inflicted chronic, non-healing wounds in the post auricular area bilaterally after attempting to glue back her ears with industrial strength glue. To our knowledge, this is the first case of its kind to be published.
http://ift.tt/2iz0V8t
The LittlEARS Auditory Questionnaire (LEAQ) has so far been validated to assess auditory development in groups of normal-hearing children in over 20 different languages. Considering the huge variability in auditory development of CI children, especially since candidacy criteria have been relaxed, additional evidence to validate the use of LEAQ scores in this particular population is needed. The aim of this study is to provide evidence for the reliability and validity of LEAQ scores for assessing the auditory development of CI infants and toddlers based on an evaluation of LEAQ's internal structure and its relation to other variables.
http://ift.tt/2i27q6F
Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP) is a condition characterized by recurring squamous papillomas in the aerodigestive tract due to HPV infection. Treatment includes surgical debridement of the lesions often with adjuvant therapy. A newer adjuvant agent being tested is the HPV vaccine. The case report includes a child with RRP who underwent 10 surgeries in a year with an average inter-surgical interval (ISI) of 46 days. The patient then received the scheduled regimen of 3 doses of 9 valent HPV vaccine.
http://ift.tt/2iz7lEp
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) induce inflammatory responses. Tobacco smoke contains numerous VOCs and is a risk factor for otitis media effusion (OME); however, no previous studies have investigated the association between VOCs and OME.
http://ift.tt/2i27anU
We very much appreciate the thoughtful comments by Dr. Snik. While we are in complete agreement that the hearing amplification gained through the use of the attract is subject to significant soft tissue attenuation, we do feel that the children transitioned to the Attract device derive more benefit after conversion. The primary basis for this is the improved ability to wear the processor. While the percutaneous device inarguably provides improved hearing thresholds, the medical complications associated with it can prevent children from being able to wear it consistently or even at all, as three of our four patients had complete skin overgrowth of their implant preventing device use.
http://ift.tt/2iz5L5q
Chondrodysplasia punctata is a group of congenital bone and cartilage disorders characterized by erratic calcification during development. Laryngeal and tracheal calcification and subsequent stenosis, while being reported in several cases of chondrodysplasia punctata, are not frequent findings and there are no proposed management techniques. We describe here a case of an infant with chondrodysplasia punctata associated to tracheal stenosis that was successfully treated with balloon dilation, and with long term follow-up.
http://ift.tt/2i22DSt
Drooling occurs commonly in children below the age of two. In a small group of children this persists and an otorhinolaryngology consultation is sought. In children with no neurological abnormality or comorbidity, reassurance and behavioural management is often suggested. We present a case where drooling was the presenting feature of brain stem malignancy. Diagnosis was suggested following a sleep study demonstrating central apnoeas. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an intra-axial brainstem tumour.
http://ift.tt/2iySg5E
Cochlear implantation is well accepted as the treatment of choice for prelingual deafness in children [1]. However, the safety of routinely performing this procedure on an outpatient basis is debated. We aim to assess immediate postoperative complications that would affect a surgeon's decision to perform pediatric cochlear implantation on an outpatient basis.
http://ift.tt/2i27a7o
Preauricular lesions, including tags, pits, sinuses, and cysts are commonly seen. Some studies have shown increased incidence of hearing loss in these patients but other studies have failed to corroborate this finding. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of hearing loss in patients with isolated preauricular lesions.
http://ift.tt/2iz3YNG
Kniest dysplasia is a type II collagen disorder that arises from a genetic mutation of the COL2A1 gene that results in short stature, midface anomalies, tracheomalacia, and hearing loss. Disruption of the normal collagen pathway can lead to many changes given its critical role in the body, and can cause complications with respect to wound healing. We present a case in which a patient with Kniest dysplasia successfully underwent multiple procedures in the head and neck region including cochlear implantation, mandibular distraction, palatoplasty, and laryngotracheal reconstruction.
http://ift.tt/2i2abEY
To evaluate long-term hearing and middle ear status in patients treated for a unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) by two-stage palatoplasty.
http://ift.tt/2iz40Fi
To investigate the association between changes in the outer hair cells and exposure to amplified music in a group of high-school students.
http://ift.tt/2i2bGCX
Although we've made big strides in perinatal and neonatal care, auditory handicap remains a serious complication in those who were born very premature.
http://ift.tt/2iyZTcw
We report a case of a 3 year old boy with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss diagnosed from New Born Hearing Screening, with severe form of VACTERL association. He was referred to our Cochlear Implant Unit for assessment with regard to the possibility of cochlear implantation. MRI findings have showed bilateral vestibulocochlear cystic abnormalities. Only single nerve noted within the IAM on the right and likely single nerve within the IAM on the left. Hence, decision was made not to offer cochlear implantation.
http://ift.tt/2i24c2M
We provide an update in the literature and national regulations regarding electronic cigarettes with special attention to the pediatric population.
http://ift.tt/2iz2mUn
To determine the risk factors associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak following endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) for pediatric skull base lesions.
http://ift.tt/2i1ZClp
Microtia is defined as a developmental malformation characterized by a small, abnormal shaped auricle, with atresia or stenosis of the auditory canal. Genes responsible for nonsyndromic microtia have remained elusive. We therefore report a mutational analysis of GSC, HOXA2 and PRKRA in 106 congenital microtia patients without any combined malformation to explore the relationship between GSC, HOXA2, PRKRA and nonsyndromic microtia.
http://ift.tt/2iyT9es
Background: Health behavior theories are useful to interpret adolescents' dietary behaviors. Evidences show that theories are influenced by social and psychological determinants. So, the purpose of this study is to systematically review studies that tested social cognitive theories (non-integrated) that predict adolescents' dietary behaviors. Methods: A structured electronic search of all publication years (through April 2016) was conducted to identify studies in MEDLINE, SciELO, PsycINFO, Scopus, and LILACS with full text. Included publications were cross-sectional and longitudinal (non-intervention) studies involving adolescents (10 to 18 years) that examined the associations between constructs of social-cognitive theories and dietary behaviors. Related strings in titles, abstracts, and indexing fields were searched. Results: Theories used to explain dietary intake were the planned behavior and the social cognitive. It was observed evidences of positive associations between the social cognitive constructs and the fruits, the vegetables, the milk groups, and the whole-wheat foods (e.g., bread rich in fiber) and negative associations with sugar-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, snacks high in fat, sugar, and/or sodium, and sweet treats. Theories explained greater proportion of variance for intention to dietary intake. The variance for intention ranged from 3% for pizzas, candy bars, candies, and sugar-sweetened beverages to 68% for whole-wheat food (i.e., bread rich in fiber). Conclusion: Longitudinal designs are necessary to comprehend the theories and evaluate the behavioral changes. Finally, the use of food groups should be employed in the studies to help the comparisons and present higher reproducibility. Studies always based on objective, systematic, and rigorous evidences.
http://ift.tt/2ilKRHV
Few interventions have focused on the difficulties that African American women face when managing asthma.
http://ift.tt/2iyLi0C
Sensitization to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin (SE) is a known risk factor for asthma susceptibility and severity. However, how SE sensitization is involved in asthma, particularly nonatopic asthma and/or late-onset asthma, remains uncertain.
http://ift.tt/2i1QJZ5
Pentoxifylline has been used to treat complications related to fibrosis for over 20 years. Formerly used to treat those after radiotherapy such as osteoradionecrosis (ORN), it is now being tried for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), which can occur after prolonged use of bisphosphonates. We review theories on the formation of fibrosis in patients with ORN, discuss the pharmacology of pentoxifylline and vitamin E, and report published outcomes. To our knowledge no prospective randomised controlled trial has investigated the benefits of these agents in cases of ORN, but reported outcomes in many published case series are encouraging.
http://ift.tt/2i1TY2p
Few interventions have focused on the difficulties that African American women face when managing asthma.
http://ift.tt/2iyLi0C
Sensitization to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin (SE) is a known risk factor for asthma susceptibility and severity. However, how SE sensitization is involved in asthma, particularly nonatopic asthma and/or late-onset asthma, remains uncertain.
http://ift.tt/2i1QJZ5
Background: Health behavior theories are useful to interpret adolescents' dietary behaviors. Evidences show that theories are influenced by social and psychological determinants. So, the purpose of this study is to systematically review studies that tested social cognitive theories (non-integrated) that predict adolescents' dietary behaviors. Methods: A structured electronic search of all publication years (through April 2016) was conducted to identify studies in MEDLINE, SciELO, PsycINFO, Scopus, and LILACS with full text. Included publications were cross-sectional and longitudinal (non-intervention) studies involving adolescents (10 to 18 years) that examined the associations between constructs of social-cognitive theories and dietary behaviors. Related strings in titles, abstracts, and indexing fields were searched. Results: Theories used to explain dietary intake were the planned behavior and the social cognitive. It was observed evidences of positive associations between the social cognitive constructs and the fruits, the vegetables, the milk groups, and the whole-wheat foods (e.g., bread rich in fiber) and negative associations with sugar-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, snacks high in fat, sugar, and/or sodium, and sweet treats. Theories explained greater proportion of variance for intention to dietary intake. The variance for intention ranged from 3% for pizzas, candy bars, candies, and sugar-sweetened beverages to 68% for whole-wheat food (i.e., bread rich in fiber). Conclusion: Longitudinal designs are necessary to comprehend the theories and evaluate the behavioral changes. Finally, the use of food groups should be employed in the studies to help the comparisons and present higher reproducibility. Studies always based on objective, systematic, and rigorous evidences.
http://ift.tt/2ilKRHV
Background: Health behavior theories are useful to interpret adolescents' dietary behaviors. Evidences show that theories are influenced by social and psychological determinants. So, the purpose of this study is to systematically review studies that tested social cognitive theories (non-integrated) that predict adolescents' dietary behaviors. Methods: A structured electronic search of all publication years (through April 2016) was conducted to identify studies in MEDLINE, SciELO, PsycINFO, Scopus, and LILACS with full text. Included publications were cross-sectional and longitudinal (non-intervention) studies involving adolescents (10 to 18 years) that examined the associations between constructs of social-cognitive theories and dietary behaviors. Related strings in titles, abstracts, and indexing fields were searched. Results: Theories used to explain dietary intake were the planned behavior and the social cognitive. It was observed evidences of positive associations between the social cognitive constructs and the fruits, the vegetables, the milk groups, and the whole-wheat foods (e.g., bread rich in fiber) and negative associations with sugar-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, snacks high in fat, sugar, and/or sodium, and sweet treats. Theories explained greater proportion of variance for intention to dietary intake. The variance for intention ranged from 3% for pizzas, candy bars, candies, and sugar-sweetened beverages to 68% for whole-wheat food (i.e., bread rich in fiber). Conclusion: Longitudinal designs are necessary to comprehend the theories and evaluate the behavioral changes. Finally, the use of food groups should be employed in the studies to help the comparisons and present higher reproducibility. Studies always based on objective, systematic, and rigorous evidences.
http://ift.tt/2ilKRHV
The theory of fresco as the standard painting technique in Roman wall paintings, formulated in the mid-1960s by Paolo Mora and Laura Mora and Paul Philippot, has enjoyed general acceptance among specialists to the present day. However, the fresco theory is based on a series of postulates—such as the feasibility of fresco on pontate, the presence of giornate, or the use of alkali-sensitive pigments—which appear to be unsupported by physical or experimental evidence and which would require further assessment in order to validate the theory. Additionally, chemical analyses of Roman murals have identified the presence of various types of organic binders. A comparative study of these analyses reveals a remarkable difference between results obtained by the different researchers. The clustering of results by research group appears highly unlikely, suggesting the possible presence of confounding factors which could lead to distorted results. These factors might be related both to the difficulty in extracting ancient paint media and the influence of biological contamination. If the extraction method used is not adequate for an ancient binding medium, then part of the binder may not be extracted, producing an incomplete characterization of its composition. The lack of data on both the efficiency of the methods used and the possible influence of microbial contamination in the organic material may cause uncertainty in the degree of reliability of the different results obtained, fomenting uncertainty around the techniques used in ancient paintings as well as the treatments suitable for their conservation. Therefore, in the analysis of ancient paint media, the implementation of a protocol of assessment of both the efficiency of the extraction methods and the influence of biological contamination seems advisable.Graphical abstract.
http://ift.tt/2hILDh5
Background: Health behavior theories are useful to interpret adolescents' dietary behaviors. Evidences show that theories are influenced by social and psychological determinants. So, the purpose of this study is to systematically review studies that tested social cognitive theories (non-integrated) that predict adolescents' dietary behaviors. Methods: A structured electronic search of all publication years (through April 2016) was conducted to identify studies in MEDLINE, SciELO, PsycINFO, Scopus, and LILACS with full text. Included publications were cross-sectional and longitudinal (non-intervention) studies involving adolescents (10 to 18 years) that examined the associations between constructs of social-cognitive theories and dietary behaviors. Related strings in titles, abstracts, and indexing fields were searched. Results: Theories used to explain dietary intake were the planned behavior and the social cognitive. It was observed evidences of positive associations between the social cognitive constructs and the fruits, the vegetables, the milk groups, and the whole-wheat foods (e.g., bread rich in fiber) and negative associations with sugar-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, snacks high in fat, sugar, and/or sodium, and sweet treats. Theories explained greater proportion of variance for intention to dietary intake. The variance for intention ranged from 3% for pizzas, candy bars, candies, and sugar-sweetened beverages to 68% for whole-wheat food (i.e., bread rich in fiber). Conclusion: Longitudinal designs are necessary to comprehend the theories and evaluate the behavioral changes. Finally, the use of food groups should be employed in the studies to help the comparisons and present higher reproducibility. Studies always based on objective, systematic, and rigorous evidences.
http://ift.tt/2ilKRHV
The theory of fresco as the standard painting technique in Roman wall paintings, formulated in the mid-1960s by Paolo Mora and Laura Mora and Paul Philippot, has enjoyed general acceptance among specialists to the present day. However, the fresco theory is based on a series of postulates—such as the feasibility of fresco on pontate, the presence of giornate, or the use of alkali-sensitive pigments—which appear to be unsupported by physical or experimental evidence and which would require further assessment in order to validate the theory. Additionally, chemical analyses of Roman murals have identified the presence of various types of organic binders. A comparative study of these analyses reveals a remarkable difference between results obtained by the different researchers. The clustering of results by research group appears highly unlikely, suggesting the possible presence of confounding factors which could lead to distorted results. These factors might be related both to the difficulty in extracting ancient paint media and the influence of biological contamination. If the extraction method used is not adequate for an ancient binding medium, then part of the binder may not be extracted, producing an incomplete characterization of its composition. The lack of data on both the efficiency of the methods used and the possible influence of microbial contamination in the organic material may cause uncertainty in the degree of reliability of the different results obtained, fomenting uncertainty around the techniques used in ancient paintings as well as the treatments suitable for their conservation. Therefore, in the analysis of ancient paint media, the implementation of a protocol of assessment of both the efficiency of the extraction methods and the influence of biological contamination seems advisable.Graphical abstract.
http://ift.tt/2hILDh5
Background: Health behavior theories are useful to interpret adolescents' dietary behaviors. Evidences show that theories are influenced by social and psychological determinants. So, the purpose of this study is to systematically review studies that tested social cognitive theories (non-integrated) that predict adolescents' dietary behaviors. Methods: A structured electronic search of all publication years (through April 2016) was conducted to identify studies in MEDLINE, SciELO, PsycINFO, Scopus, and LILACS with full text. Included publications were cross-sectional and longitudinal (non-intervention) studies involving adolescents (10 to 18 years) that examined the associations between constructs of social-cognitive theories and dietary behaviors. Related strings in titles, abstracts, and indexing fields were searched. Results: Theories used to explain dietary intake were the planned behavior and the social cognitive. It was observed evidences of positive associations between the social cognitive constructs and the fruits, the vegetables, the milk groups, and the whole-wheat foods (e.g., bread rich in fiber) and negative associations with sugar-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, snacks high in fat, sugar, and/or sodium, and sweet treats. Theories explained greater proportion of variance for intention to dietary intake. The variance for intention ranged from 3% for pizzas, candy bars, candies, and sugar-sweetened beverages to 68% for whole-wheat food (i.e., bread rich in fiber). Conclusion: Longitudinal designs are necessary to comprehend the theories and evaluate the behavioral changes. Finally, the use of food groups should be employed in the studies to help the comparisons and present higher reproducibility. Studies always based on objective, systematic, and rigorous evidences.
http://ift.tt/2ilKRHV
The theory of fresco as the standard painting technique in Roman wall paintings, formulated in the mid-1960s by Paolo Mora and Laura Mora and Paul Philippot, has enjoyed general acceptance among specialists to the present day. However, the fresco theory is based on a series of postulates—such as the feasibility of fresco on pontate, the presence of giornate, or the use of alkali-sensitive pigments—which appear to be unsupported by physical or experimental evidence and which would require further assessment in order to validate the theory. Additionally, chemical analyses of Roman murals have identified the presence of various types of organic binders. A comparative study of these analyses reveals a remarkable difference between results obtained by the different researchers. The clustering of results by research group appears highly unlikely, suggesting the possible presence of confounding factors which could lead to distorted results. These factors might be related both to the difficulty in extracting ancient paint media and the influence of biological contamination. If the extraction method used is not adequate for an ancient binding medium, then part of the binder may not be extracted, producing an incomplete characterization of its composition. The lack of data on both the efficiency of the methods used and the possible influence of microbial contamination in the organic material may cause uncertainty in the degree of reliability of the different results obtained, fomenting uncertainty around the techniques used in ancient paintings as well as the treatments suitable for their conservation. Therefore, in the analysis of ancient paint media, the implementation of a protocol of assessment of both the efficiency of the extraction methods and the influence of biological contamination seems advisable.Graphical abstract.
http://ift.tt/2hILDh5
Background: Health behavior theories are useful to interpret adolescents' dietary behaviors. Evidences show that theories are influenced by social and psychological determinants. So, the purpose of this study is to systematically review studies that tested social cognitive theories (non-integrated) that predict adolescents' dietary behaviors. Methods: A structured electronic search of all publication years (through April 2016) was conducted to identify studies in MEDLINE, SciELO, PsycINFO, Scopus, and LILACS with full text. Included publications were cross-sectional and longitudinal (non-intervention) studies involving adolescents (10 to 18 years) that examined the associations between constructs of social-cognitive theories and dietary behaviors. Related strings in titles, abstracts, and indexing fields were searched. Results: Theories used to explain dietary intake were the planned behavior and the social cognitive. It was observed evidences of positive associations between the social cognitive constructs and the fruits, the vegetables, the milk groups, and the whole-wheat foods (e.g., bread rich in fiber) and negative associations with sugar-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, snacks high in fat, sugar, and/or sodium, and sweet treats. Theories explained greater proportion of variance for intention to dietary intake. The variance for intention ranged from 3% for pizzas, candy bars, candies, and sugar-sweetened beverages to 68% for whole-wheat food (i.e., bread rich in fiber). Conclusion: Longitudinal designs are necessary to comprehend the theories and evaluate the behavioral changes. Finally, the use of food groups should be employed in the studies to help the comparisons and present higher reproducibility. Studies always based on objective, systematic, and rigorous evidences.
http://ift.tt/2ilKRHV
The objective of this study was to compare different cephalometric variables in adult patients with class III malocclusions before and after treatment, in order to determine which variables are indicative of orthodontic camouflage or orthognathic surgery. The cases of 156 adult patients were assessed: 77 treated with orthodontic camouflage and 79 treated with orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. The following cephalometric variables were measured on pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2) lateral cephalograms: sella–nasion–A-point (SNA), sella–nasion–B-point (SNB), and A-point–nasion–B-point (ANB) angles, Wits appraisal, facial axis angle, mandibular plane angle, upper and lower incisor inclination, and inter-incisal angle.
http://ift.tt/2hsGZb0
The theory of fresco as the standard painting technique in Roman wall paintings, formulated in the mid-1960s by Paolo Mora and Laura Mora and Paul Philippot, has enjoyed general acceptance among specialists to the present day. However, the fresco theory is based on a series of postulates—such as the feasibility of fresco on pontate, the presence of giornate, or the use of alkali-sensitive pigments—which appear to be unsupported by physical or experimental evidence and which would require further assessment in order to validate the theory. Additionally, chemical analyses of Roman murals have identified the presence of various types of organic binders. A comparative study of these analyses reveals a remarkable difference between results obtained by the different researchers. The clustering of results by research group appears highly unlikely, suggesting the possible presence of confounding factors which could lead to distorted results. These factors might be related both to the difficulty in extracting ancient paint media and the influence of biological contamination. If the extraction method used is not adequate for an ancient binding medium, then part of the binder may not be extracted, producing an incomplete characterization of its composition. The lack of data on both the efficiency of the methods used and the possible influence of microbial contamination in the organic material may cause uncertainty in the degree of reliability of the different results obtained, fomenting uncertainty around the techniques used in ancient paintings as well as the treatments suitable for their conservation. Therefore, in the analysis of ancient paint media, the implementation of a protocol of assessment of both the efficiency of the extraction methods and the influence of biological contamination seems advisable.Graphical abstract.
http://ift.tt/2hILDh5
Background: Health behavior theories are useful to interpret adolescents' dietary behaviors. Evidences show that theories are influenced by social and psychological determinants. So, the purpose of this study is to systematically review studies that tested social cognitive theories (non-integrated) that predict adolescents' dietary behaviors. Methods: A structured electronic search of all publication years (through April 2016) was conducted to identify studies in MEDLINE, SciELO, PsycINFO, Scopus, and LILACS with full text. Included publications were cross-sectional and longitudinal (non-intervention) studies involving adolescents (10 to 18 years) that examined the associations between constructs of social-cognitive theories and dietary behaviors. Related strings in titles, abstracts, and indexing fields were searched. Results: Theories used to explain dietary intake were the planned behavior and the social cognitive. It was observed evidences of positive associations between the social cognitive constructs and the fruits, the vegetables, the milk groups, and the whole-wheat foods (e.g., bread rich in fiber) and negative associations with sugar-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, snacks high in fat, sugar, and/or sodium, and sweet treats. Theories explained greater proportion of variance for intention to dietary intake. The variance for intention ranged from 3% for pizzas, candy bars, candies, and sugar-sweetened beverages to 68% for whole-wheat food (i.e., bread rich in fiber). Conclusion: Longitudinal designs are necessary to comprehend the theories and evaluate the behavioral changes. Finally, the use of food groups should be employed in the studies to help the comparisons and present higher reproducibility. Studies always based on objective, systematic, and rigorous evidences.
http://ift.tt/2ilKRHV
Publication date: Available online 26 December 2016
Source:Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre
Author(s): Douglas I. Rosendale, Indrakumar Vetharaniam, William J Kelly, Martin Upsdell, Adrian L Cookson, Nicole Roy
The amount and ratio of organic acids from carbohydrate fermentation by the gut microbiota is dependent upon both the ability of members of the microbiota to exploit undigested dietary carbohydrate and the type of organic acids they have the capability to generate. Additionally, some bacteria feed upon carbohydrate degradation products, as well as organic acids produced by other bacteria, further affecting the overall organic acid profile. Experimentally unentangling these complex trophic food webs is challenging.Here we demonstrate a mathematical model that calculates the organic acid profile resulting from an in vitro human faecal microbial fermentation of kiwifruit cell wall polysaccharides, parameterised with organic acid and microbial abundance data. The model was based on our hypothesis that in conditions of carbohydrate excess, changes in the abundance of members of the microbiota will be reflected in an equivalent change in those organic acids they have the capability to produce. We used microbial abundance data to calculate changes in organic acids over time, and the resulting data was shown to recapitulate the measured organic acid profiles. We also demonstrate here the successful mathematical simulation of the metabolic cross-feeding which occurs upon simulated digestion and fermentation of a fresh whole fruit carbohydrate. We assign the relative propensity of various members of a complex microbial community to generate selected acids within the organic acid profiles. We anticipate this case study to be a starting point for more sophisticated research and clinical tools to investigate and predict the interactions with food, the microbiota and the host.
Publication date: 20 January 2017
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 196
Author(s): Ching-Mao Chang, Po-Chang Wu, Jen-Huai Chiang, Yau-Huei Wei, Fang-Pey Chen, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Tai-Long Pan, Hung-Rong Yen, Hen-Hong Chang
Ethnopharmacological relevanceEvidence on alleviating the risk of lupus nephritis by integrative therapy with conventional medicine (CM) and herbal medicine (HM) had not been addressed.Aim of the studyWe investigated the integrative effect associated the risk by a retrospective Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) cohort from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD).Materials and methodsSLE patients with a catastrophic illness certificate (CIC) were retrospectively enrolled from the SLE cohort of the Taiwan NHIRD between 1997 and 2011. The patients were divided into an integrative medicine (IM: integrated CM plus HM) and a non-IM (CM only) group with 1:1 propensity score matching. Cox proportional regression model and the Kaplan-Meier method were conducted to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for lupus nephritis in the cohort.ResultsAmong 16,645 newly diagnosed SLE patients holding a CIC (SLE/CIC), 1933 had received HM and 1571 had received no HM treatment. After propensity score matching, there were 273 patients with lupus nephritis-120 in the IM group and 153 in the non-IM group. The adjusted HR (0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54–0.87, p<0.01) for lupus nephritis was lower in the IM group than in the non-IM group. The adjusted HR (0.69, 95% CI: 0.54–0.88, p<0.001) for lupus nephritis was also lower in the group of patients who had received CM plus HM than in the group that received CM only. The core pattern of HM prescriptions, which were integrated with CM for preventing lupus nephritis, was "Sheng-Di-Huang" (raw Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.), "Mu-Dan-Pi" (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.), "Dan-Shan" (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.), "Zhi-Bo-Di-Huang-Wan.", and "Chi-Shao" (Paeoniae lactiflorae Rubra).ConclusionIntegrative therapy decreased the risk of lupus nephritis among SLE patients in Taiwan. Further investigation of the pharmacological mechanism and clinical efficacy are warranted.
Publication date: 20 January 2017
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 196
Author(s): Chun-Ting Liu, Kuo-Wei Bi, Chao-Chun Huang, Hsiao-Ting Wu, Hui-Ya Ho, Jong-Hwei S. Pang, Sheng-Teng Huang
Ethnopharmacological relevanceDavallia bilabiata Hosokawa (D. bilabiata), also called GuSuiBu, is popularly used as a substitute for Drynaria fortunei J. Sm for rheumatoid and degenerative arthritis in traditional Chinese medicine. Little is known about the underlying mechanisms of anti-angiogenesis responsible for arthritis in D. bilabiata which needs to be elucidated.Aim of the studyThe present study is intended to investigate the anti-angiogenic effect of D. bilabiata associated with the modulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and down regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ligand/receptors both in vivo and in vitro.Materials and methodsWe investigated the potential anti-angiogenic effect of D. bilabiata by the in vivo neovascularization of chick chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) assay, and the in vitro migration and matrix-induced tube formation assay using human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). The expressions of MMP-2, TIMP-2, RECK and VEGF/VEGFR were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR or Western blot method.ResultsOne major compound from water extract of D. bilabiata was identified as Epicatechin 3-O-β-D-allopyranoside. D. bilabiata was confirmed to inhibit in vivo angiogenesis by CAM assay. D. bilabiata also exhibited in vitro anti-angiogenic and anti-regrowth effects as demonstrated by tube formation assay, transwell migration assay and wound healing assay. The mRNA expressions of MMP-2, and MMP-14 were decreased. On the contrary, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK) were increased by D. bilabiata. The extracellular MMP-2 activity was found to be reduced both in vitro and in vivo by D. bilabiata as determined by gelatin zymography. Results from western blot analysis and ELISA further demonstrated the decrease of MMP-2 and increase of TIMP-2 secretion after D. bilabiata treatment. The gene expressions of VEGF-A, -B, -C, -D and VEGFR-1, -2, -3 were all inhibited by D. bilabiata.ConclusionWe concluded that the anti-angiogenic effect of D. bilabiata was associated with the decreased MMP-2 activity mediated by the upregulation of TIMP-2 and RECK, and the suppression of VEGF/VEGFRs expression.
Publication date: February 2017
Source:The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Volume 166
http://ift.tt/2iyODNg
Determine if highly proliferative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, assessed by pretreatment Ki-67 expression, respond more robustly to induction chemotherapy (IC) that is selectively toxic to cycling cells. Retrospective analysis of 59 patients treated with IC and chemoradiation. IC included either nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin, 5-FU and cetuximab (APF-C, n = 27) or docetaxel, cisplatin, 5-FU +/− cetuximab (TPF+/−C, n = 32). Ki-67 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Tumor response (complete/partial/stable/progressive) at the primary site after two IC cycles was evaluated by visual examination in all patients. In the APF-C sub-group, tumor response (primary site and neck nodes) after two IC cycles was evaluated by computed tomography (CT) and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/CT. Ki-67 expression (median 66%, range: 16–97) did not differ across the tumor response categories assessed by visual examination (p = 0.95), CT (p = 0.30), or FDG-PET/CT (p = 0.65). Median decrease in summed SUVmax of measured lesions was 71.6% (range: 8.3–100%). The Pearson correlation coefficient between Ki-67 expression and the percent decrease in summed SUVmax was 0.48 (p = 0.02). Ki-67 expression was not different between those with or without a relapse (median: 60 and 71%, p = 0.10). In multivariate regression analysis (MVA) controlling for p16 positive oropharyngeal SCC status and smoking status, Ki-67 expression was not significantly associated with tumor response by visual examination (coefficient estimate −0.002, standard error 0.010, p = 0.84), CT (coefficient estimate −0.007, standard error 0.011, p = 0.54), FDG-PET/CT (coefficient estimate 0.006, standard error 0.008, p = 0.51), the percent decrease in summed SUVmax (coefficient estimate 0.389, standard error 0.222, p = 0.09), or relapse events (OR = 1.02(95%CI:0.99–1.05), p = 0.28). No significant relationships were found in MVA between pretreatment Ki-67 expression and tumor response to IC or to relapse.
The theory of fresco as the standard painting technique in Roman wall paintings, formulated in the mid-1960s by Paolo Mora and Laura Mora and Paul Philippot, has enjoyed general acceptance among specialists to the present day. However, the fresco theory is based on a series of postulates—such as the feasibility of fresco on pontate, the presence of giornate, or the use of alkali-sensitive pigments—which appear to be unsupported by physical or experimental evidence and which would require further assessment in order to validate the theory. Additionally, chemical analyses of Roman murals have identified the presence of various types of organic binders. A comparative study of these analyses reveals a remarkable difference between results obtained by the different researchers. The clustering of results by research group appears highly unlikely, suggesting the possible presence of confounding factors which could lead to distorted results. These factors might be related both to the difficulty in extracting ancient paint media and the influence of biological contamination. If the extraction method used is not adequate for an ancient binding medium, then part of the binder may not be extracted, producing an incomplete characterization of its composition. The lack of data on both the efficiency of the methods used and the possible influence of microbial contamination in the organic material may cause uncertainty in the degree of reliability of the different results obtained, fomenting uncertainty around the techniques used in ancient paintings as well as the treatments suitable for their conservation. Therefore, in the analysis of ancient paint media, the implementation of a protocol of assessment of both the efficiency of the extraction methods and the influence of biological contamination seems advisable.Graphical abstract.
http://ift.tt/2hILDh5
Background: Health behavior theories are useful to interpret adolescents' dietary behaviors. Evidences show that theories are influenced by social and psychological determinants. So, the purpose of this study is to systematically review studies that tested social cognitive theories (non-integrated) that predict adolescents' dietary behaviors. Methods: A structured electronic search of all publication years (through April 2016) was conducted to identify studies in MEDLINE, SciELO, PsycINFO, Scopus, and LILACS with full text. Included publications were cross-sectional and longitudinal (non-intervention) studies involving adolescents (10 to 18 years) that examined the associations between constructs of social-cognitive theories and dietary behaviors. Related strings in titles, abstracts, and indexing fields were searched. Results: Theories used to explain dietary intake were the planned behavior and the social cognitive. It was observed evidences of positive associations between the social cognitive constructs and the fruits, the vegetables, the milk groups, and the whole-wheat foods (e.g., bread rich in fiber) and negative associations with sugar-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, snacks high in fat, sugar, and/or sodium, and sweet treats. Theories explained greater proportion of variance for intention to dietary intake. The variance for intention ranged from 3% for pizzas, candy bars, candies, and sugar-sweetened beverages to 68% for whole-wheat food (i.e., bread rich in fiber). Conclusion: Longitudinal designs are necessary to comprehend the theories and evaluate the behavioral changes. Finally, the use of food groups should be employed in the studies to help the comparisons and present higher reproducibility. Studies always based on objective, systematic, and rigorous evidences.
http://ift.tt/2ilKRHV
The theory of fresco as the standard painting technique in Roman wall paintings, formulated in the mid-1960s by Paolo Mora and Laura Mora and Paul Philippot, has enjoyed general acceptance among specialists to the present day. However, the fresco theory is based on a series of postulates—such as the feasibility of fresco on pontate, the presence of giornate, or the use of alkali-sensitive pigments—which appear to be unsupported by physical or experimental evidence and which would require further assessment in order to validate the theory. Additionally, chemical analyses of Roman murals have identified the presence of various types of organic binders. A comparative study of these analyses reveals a remarkable difference between results obtained by the different researchers. The clustering of results by research group appears highly unlikely, suggesting the possible presence of confounding factors which could lead to distorted results. These factors might be related both to the difficulty in extracting ancient paint media and the influence of biological contamination. If the extraction method used is not adequate for an ancient binding medium, then part of the binder may not be extracted, producing an incomplete characterization of its composition. The lack of data on both the efficiency of the methods used and the possible influence of microbial contamination in the organic material may cause uncertainty in the degree of reliability of the different results obtained, fomenting uncertainty around the techniques used in ancient paintings as well as the treatments suitable for their conservation. Therefore, in the analysis of ancient paint media, the implementation of a protocol of assessment of both the efficiency of the extraction methods and the influence of biological contamination seems advisable.Graphical abstract.
http://ift.tt/2hILDh5
Background: Health behavior theories are useful to interpret adolescents' dietary behaviors. Evidences show that theories are influenced by social and psychological determinants. So, the purpose of this study is to systematically review studies that tested social cognitive theories (non-integrated) that predict adolescents' dietary behaviors. Methods: A structured electronic search of all publication years (through April 2016) was conducted to identify studies in MEDLINE, SciELO, PsycINFO, Scopus, and LILACS with full text. Included publications were cross-sectional and longitudinal (non-intervention) studies involving adolescents (10 to 18 years) that examined the associations between constructs of social-cognitive theories and dietary behaviors. Related strings in titles, abstracts, and indexing fields were searched. Results: Theories used to explain dietary intake were the planned behavior and the social cognitive. It was observed evidences of positive associations between the social cognitive constructs and the fruits, the vegetables, the milk groups, and the whole-wheat foods (e.g., bread rich in fiber) and negative associations with sugar-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, snacks high in fat, sugar, and/or sodium, and sweet treats. Theories explained greater proportion of variance for intention to dietary intake. The variance for intention ranged from 3% for pizzas, candy bars, candies, and sugar-sweetened beverages to 68% for whole-wheat food (i.e., bread rich in fiber). Conclusion: Longitudinal designs are necessary to comprehend the theories and evaluate the behavioral changes. Finally, the use of food groups should be employed in the studies to help the comparisons and present higher reproducibility. Studies always based on objective, systematic, and rigorous evidences.
http://ift.tt/2ilKRHV
Determine if highly proliferative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, assessed by pretreatment Ki-67 expression, respond more robustly to induction chemotherapy (IC) that is selectively toxic to cycling cells. Retrospective analysis of 59 patients treated with IC and chemoradiation. IC included either nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin, 5-FU and cetuximab (APF-C, n = 27) or docetaxel, cisplatin, 5-FU +/− cetuximab (TPF+/−C, n = 32). Ki-67 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Tumor response (complete/partial/stable/progressive) at the primary site after two IC cycles was evaluated by visual examination in all patients. In the APF-C sub-group, tumor response (primary site and neck nodes) after two IC cycles was evaluated by computed tomography (CT) and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/CT. Ki-67 expression (median 66%, range: 16–97) did not differ across the tumor response categories assessed by visual examination (p = 0.95), CT (p = 0.30), or FDG-PET/CT (p = 0.65). Median decrease in summed SUVmax of measured lesions was 71.6% (range: 8.3–100%). The Pearson correlation coefficient between Ki-67 expression and the percent decrease in summed SUVmax was 0.48 (p = 0.02). Ki-67 expression was not different between those with or without a relapse (median: 60 and 71%, p = 0.10). In multivariate regression analysis (MVA) controlling for p16 positive oropharyngeal SCC status and smoking status, Ki-67 expression was not significantly associated with tumor response by visual examination (coefficient estimate −0.002, standard error 0.010, p = 0.84), CT (coefficient estimate −0.007, standard error 0.011, p = 0.54), FDG-PET/CT (coefficient estimate 0.006, standard error 0.008, p = 0.51), the percent decrease in summed SUVmax (coefficient estimate 0.389, standard error 0.222, p = 0.09), or relapse events (OR = 1.02(95%CI:0.99–1.05), p = 0.28). No significant relationships were found in MVA between pretreatment Ki-67 expression and tumor response to IC or to relapse.
Focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH) is an X-linked dominant disease characterized by dermal thinning and fat herniation with other ectodermal and mesodermal abnormalities. There is limited literature regarding the symptomatology and progression of skin, hair, and nail disease. The risk of bone fragility has not been explored either. This cross-sectional survey-based study explored these gaps in knowledge and provides direction for future avenues of research in FDH.
Background: Health behavior theories are useful to interpret adolescents' dietary behaviors. Evidences show that theories are influenced by social and psychological determinants. So, the purpose of this study is to systematically review studies that tested social cognitive theories (non-integrated) that predict adolescents' dietary behaviors. Methods: A structured electronic search of all publication years (through April 2016) was conducted to identify studies in MEDLINE, SciELO, PsycINFO, Scopus, and LILACS with full text. Included publications were cross-sectional and longitudinal (non-intervention) studies involving adolescents (10 to 18 years) that examined the associations between constructs of social-cognitive theories and dietary behaviors. Related strings in titles, abstracts, and indexing fields were searched. Results: Theories used to explain dietary intake were the planned behavior and the social cognitive. It was observed evidences of positive associations between the social cognitive constructs and the fruits, the vegetables, the milk groups, and the whole-wheat foods (e.g., bread rich in fiber) and negative associations with sugar-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, snacks high in fat, sugar, and/or sodium, and sweet treats. Theories explained greater proportion of variance for intention to dietary intake. The variance for intention ranged from 3% for pizzas, candy bars, candies, and sugar-sweetened beverages to 68% for whole-wheat food (i.e., bread rich in fiber). Conclusion: Longitudinal designs are necessary to comprehend the theories and evaluate the behavioral changes. Finally, the use of food groups should be employed in the studies to help the comparisons and present higher reproducibility. Studies always based on objective, systematic, and rigorous evidences.
http://ift.tt/2ilKRHV
The theory of fresco as the standard painting technique in Roman wall paintings, formulated in the mid-1960s by Paolo Mora and Laura Mora and Paul Philippot, has enjoyed general acceptance among specialists to the present day. However, the fresco theory is based on a series of postulates—such as the feasibility of fresco on pontate, the presence of giornate, or the use of alkali-sensitive pigments—which appear to be unsupported by physical or experimental evidence and which would require further assessment in order to validate the theory. Additionally, chemical analyses of Roman murals have identified the presence of various types of organic binders. A comparative study of these analyses reveals a remarkable difference between results obtained by the different researchers. The clustering of results by research group appears highly unlikely, suggesting the possible presence of confounding factors which could lead to distorted results. These factors might be related both to the difficulty in extracting ancient paint media and the influence of biological contamination. If the extraction method used is not adequate for an ancient binding medium, then part of the binder may not be extracted, producing an incomplete characterization of its composition. The lack of data on both the efficiency of the methods used and the possible influence of microbial contamination in the organic material may cause uncertainty in the degree of reliability of the different results obtained, fomenting uncertainty around the techniques used in ancient paintings as well as the treatments suitable for their conservation. Therefore, in the analysis of ancient paint media, the implementation of a protocol of assessment of both the efficiency of the extraction methods and the influence of biological contamination seems advisable.Graphical abstract.
http://ift.tt/2hILDh5
Background: Health behavior theories are useful to interpret adolescents' dietary behaviors. Evidences show that theories are influenced by social and psychological determinants. So, the purpose of this study is to systematically review studies that tested social cognitive theories (non-integrated) that predict adolescents' dietary behaviors. Methods: A structured electronic search of all publication years (through April 2016) was conducted to identify studies in MEDLINE, SciELO, PsycINFO, Scopus, and LILACS with full text. Included publications were cross-sectional and longitudinal (non-intervention) studies involving adolescents (10 to 18 years) that examined the associations between constructs of social-cognitive theories and dietary behaviors. Related strings in titles, abstracts, and indexing fields were searched. Results: Theories used to explain dietary intake were the planned behavior and the social cognitive. It was observed evidences of positive associations between the social cognitive constructs and the fruits, the vegetables, the milk groups, and the whole-wheat foods (e.g., bread rich in fiber) and negative associations with sugar-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, snacks high in fat, sugar, and/or sodium, and sweet treats. Theories explained greater proportion of variance for intention to dietary intake. The variance for intention ranged from 3% for pizzas, candy bars, candies, and sugar-sweetened beverages to 68% for whole-wheat food (i.e., bread rich in fiber). Conclusion: Longitudinal designs are necessary to comprehend the theories and evaluate the behavioral changes. Finally, the use of food groups should be employed in the studies to help the comparisons and present higher reproducibility. Studies always based on objective, systematic, and rigorous evidences.
http://ift.tt/2ilKRHV
Background: Health behavior theories are useful to interpret adolescents' dietary behaviors. Evidences show that theories are influenced by social and psychological determinants. So, the purpose of this study is to systematically review studies that tested social cognitive theories (non-integrated) that predict adolescents' dietary behaviors. Methods: A structured electronic search of all publication years (through April 2016) was conducted to identify studies in MEDLINE, SciELO, PsycINFO, Scopus, and LILACS with full text. Included publications were cross-sectional and longitudinal (non-intervention) studies involving adolescents (10 to 18 years) that examined the associations between constructs of social-cognitive theories and dietary behaviors. Related strings in titles, abstracts, and indexing fields were searched. Results: Theories used to explain dietary intake were the planned behavior and the social cognitive. It was observed evidences of positive associations between the social cognitive constructs and the fruits, the vegetables, the milk groups, and the whole-wheat foods (e.g., bread rich in fiber) and negative associations with sugar-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, snacks high in fat, sugar, and/or sodium, and sweet treats. Theories explained greater proportion of variance for intention to dietary intake. The variance for intention ranged from 3% for pizzas, candy bars, candies, and sugar-sweetened beverages to 68% for whole-wheat food (i.e., bread rich in fiber). Conclusion: Longitudinal designs are necessary to comprehend the theories and evaluate the behavioral changes. Finally, the use of food groups should be employed in the studies to help the comparisons and present higher reproducibility. Studies always based on objective, systematic, and rigorous evidences.
http://ift.tt/2ilKRHV
The theory of fresco as the standard painting technique in Roman wall paintings, formulated in the mid-1960s by Paolo Mora and Laura Mora and Paul Philippot, has enjoyed general acceptance among specialists to the present day. However, the fresco theory is based on a series of postulates—such as the feasibility of fresco on pontate, the presence of giornate, or the use of alkali-sensitive pigments—which appear to be unsupported by physical or experimental evidence and which would require further assessment in order to validate the theory. Additionally, chemical analyses of Roman murals have identified the presence of various types of organic binders. A comparative study of these analyses reveals a remarkable difference between results obtained by the different researchers. The clustering of results by research group appears highly unlikely, suggesting the possible presence of confounding factors which could lead to distorted results. These factors might be related both to the difficulty in extracting ancient paint media and the influence of biological contamination. If the extraction method used is not adequate for an ancient binding medium, then part of the binder may not be extracted, producing an incomplete characterization of its composition. The lack of data on both the efficiency of the methods used and the possible influence of microbial contamination in the organic material may cause uncertainty in the degree of reliability of the different results obtained, fomenting uncertainty around the techniques used in ancient paintings as well as the treatments suitable for their conservation. Therefore, in the analysis of ancient paint media, the implementation of a protocol of assessment of both the efficiency of the extraction methods and the influence of biological contamination seems advisable.Graphical abstract.
http://ift.tt/2hILDh5
Background: Health behavior theories are useful to interpret adolescents' dietary behaviors. Evidences show that theories are influenced by social and psychological determinants. So, the purpose of this study is to systematically review studies that tested social cognitive theories (non-integrated) that predict adolescents' dietary behaviors. Methods: A structured electronic search of all publication years (through April 2016) was conducted to identify studies in MEDLINE, SciELO, PsycINFO, Scopus, and LILACS with full text. Included publications were cross-sectional and longitudinal (non-intervention) studies involving adolescents (10 to 18 years) that examined the associations between constructs of social-cognitive theories and dietary behaviors. Related strings in titles, abstracts, and indexing fields were searched. Results: Theories used to explain dietary intake were the planned behavior and the social cognitive. It was observed evidences of positive associations between the social cognitive constructs and the fruits, the vegetables, the milk groups, and the whole-wheat foods (e.g., bread rich in fiber) and negative associations with sugar-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, snacks high in fat, sugar, and/or sodium, and sweet treats. Theories explained greater proportion of variance for intention to dietary intake. The variance for intention ranged from 3% for pizzas, candy bars, candies, and sugar-sweetened beverages to 68% for whole-wheat food (i.e., bread rich in fiber). Conclusion: Longitudinal designs are necessary to comprehend the theories and evaluate the behavioral changes. Finally, the use of food groups should be employed in the studies to help the comparisons and present higher reproducibility. Studies always based on objective, systematic, and rigorous evidences.
http://ift.tt/2ilKRHV
The theory of fresco as the standard painting technique in Roman wall paintings, formulated in the mid-1960s by Paolo Mora and Laura Mora and Paul Philippot, has enjoyed general acceptance among specialists to the present day. However, the fresco theory is based on a series of postulates—such as the feasibility of fresco on pontate, the presence of giornate, or the use of alkali-sensitive pigments—which appear to be unsupported by physical or experimental evidence and which would require further assessment in order to validate the theory. Additionally, chemical analyses of Roman murals have identified the presence of various types of organic binders. A comparative study of these analyses reveals a remarkable difference between results obtained by the different researchers. The clustering of results by research group appears highly unlikely, suggesting the possible presence of confounding factors which could lead to distorted results. These factors might be related both to the difficulty in extracting ancient paint media and the influence of biological contamination. If the extraction method used is not adequate for an ancient binding medium, then part of the binder may not be extracted, producing an incomplete characterization of its composition. The lack of data on both the efficiency of the methods used and the possible influence of microbial contamination in the organic material may cause uncertainty in the degree of reliability of the different results obtained, fomenting uncertainty around the techniques used in ancient paintings as well as the treatments suitable for their conservation. Therefore, in the analysis of ancient paint media, the implementation of a protocol of assessment of both the efficiency of the extraction methods and the influence of biological contamination seems advisable.Graphical abstract.
http://ift.tt/2hILDh5
The theory of fresco as the standard painting technique in Roman wall paintings, formulated in the mid-1960s by Paolo Mora and Laura Mora and Paul Philippot, has enjoyed general acceptance among specialists to the present day. However, the fresco theory is based on a series of postulates—such as the feasibility of fresco on pontate, the presence of giornate, or the use of alkali-sensitive pigments—which appear to be unsupported by physical or experimental evidence and which would require further assessment in order to validate the theory. Additionally, chemical analyses of Roman murals have identified the presence of various types of organic binders. A comparative study of these analyses reveals a remarkable difference between results obtained by the different researchers. The clustering of results by research group appears highly unlikely, suggesting the possible presence of confounding factors which could lead to distorted results. These factors might be related both to the difficulty in extracting ancient paint media and the influence of biological contamination. If the extraction method used is not adequate for an ancient binding medium, then part of the binder may not be extracted, producing an incomplete characterization of its composition. The lack of data on both the efficiency of the methods used and the possible influence of microbial contamination in the organic material may cause uncertainty in the degree of reliability of the different results obtained, fomenting uncertainty around the techniques used in ancient paintings as well as the treatments suitable for their conservation. Therefore, in the analysis of ancient paint media, the implementation of a protocol of assessment of both the efficiency of the extraction methods and the influence of biological contamination seems advisable.Graphical abstract.
http://ift.tt/2hILDh5
The theory of fresco as the standard painting technique in Roman wall paintings, formulated in the mid-1960s by Paolo Mora and Laura Mora and Paul Philippot, has enjoyed general acceptance among specialists to the present day. However, the fresco theory is based on a series of postulates—such as the feasibility of fresco on pontate, the presence of giornate, or the use of alkali-sensitive pigments—which appear to be unsupported by physical or experimental evidence and which would require further assessment in order to validate the theory. Additionally, chemical analyses of Roman murals have identified the presence of various types of organic binders. A comparative study of these analyses reveals a remarkable difference between results obtained by the different researchers. The clustering of results by research group appears highly unlikely, suggesting the possible presence of confounding factors which could lead to distorted results. These factors might be related both to the difficulty in extracting ancient paint media and the influence of biological contamination. If the extraction method used is not adequate for an ancient binding medium, then part of the binder may not be extracted, producing an incomplete characterization of its composition. The lack of data on both the efficiency of the methods used and the possible influence of microbial contamination in the organic material may cause uncertainty in the degree of reliability of the different results obtained, fomenting uncertainty around the techniques used in ancient paintings as well as the treatments suitable for their conservation. Therefore, in the analysis of ancient paint media, the implementation of a protocol of assessment of both the efficiency of the extraction methods and the influence of biological contamination seems advisable.Graphical abstract.
http://ift.tt/2hILDh5
The theory of fresco as the standard painting technique in Roman wall paintings, formulated in the mid-1960s by Paolo Mora and Laura Mora and Paul Philippot, has enjoyed general acceptance among specialists to the present day. However, the fresco theory is based on a series of postulates—such as the feasibility of fresco on pontate, the presence of giornate, or the use of alkali-sensitive pigments—which appear to be unsupported by physical or experimental evidence and which would require further assessment in order to validate the theory. Additionally, chemical analyses of Roman murals have identified the presence of various types of organic binders. A comparative study of these analyses reveals a remarkable difference between results obtained by the different researchers. The clustering of results by research group appears highly unlikely, suggesting the possible presence of confounding factors which could lead to distorted results. These factors might be related both to the difficulty in extracting ancient paint media and the influence of biological contamination. If the extraction method used is not adequate for an ancient binding medium, then part of the binder may not be extracted, producing an incomplete characterization of its composition. The lack of data on both the efficiency of the methods used and the possible influence of microbial contamination in the organic material may cause uncertainty in the degree of reliability of the different results obtained, fomenting uncertainty around the techniques used in ancient paintings as well as the treatments suitable for their conservation. Therefore, in the analysis of ancient paint media, the implementation of a protocol of assessment of both the efficiency of the extraction methods and the influence of biological contamination seems advisable.Graphical abstract.
http://ift.tt/2hILDh5
The theory of fresco as the standard painting technique in Roman wall paintings, formulated in the mid-1960s by Paolo Mora and Laura Mora and Paul Philippot, has enjoyed general acceptance among specialists to the present day. However, the fresco theory is based on a series of postulates—such as the feasibility of fresco on pontate, the presence of giornate, or the use of alkali-sensitive pigments—which appear to be unsupported by physical or experimental evidence and which would require further assessment in order to validate the theory. Additionally, chemical analyses of Roman murals have identified the presence of various types of organic binders. A comparative study of these analyses reveals a remarkable difference between results obtained by the different researchers. The clustering of results by research group appears highly unlikely, suggesting the possible presence of confounding factors which could lead to distorted results. These factors might be related both to the difficulty in extracting ancient paint media and the influence of biological contamination. If the extraction method used is not adequate for an ancient binding medium, then part of the binder may not be extracted, producing an incomplete characterization of its composition. The lack of data on both the efficiency of the methods used and the possible influence of microbial contamination in the organic material may cause uncertainty in the degree of reliability of the different results obtained, fomenting uncertainty around the techniques used in ancient paintings as well as the treatments suitable for their conservation. Therefore, in the analysis of ancient paint media, the implementation of a protocol of assessment of both the efficiency of the extraction methods and the influence of biological contamination seems advisable.Graphical abstract.
http://ift.tt/2hILDh5
Emerging roles of the Endolumenal Functional Lumen Imaging Probe (EndoFLIP) in Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders.
J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016 Dec 23;:
Authors: Lawenko RM, Lee YY
Abstract
Gastrointestinal sphincters play a vital role in gut function and motility by separating the gut into functional segments. Traditionally, function of sphincters including the esophagogastric junction is studied using endoscopy and manometry. However, due to its dynamic biomechanical properties, data on distensibility and compliance may provide a more accurate representation of the sphincter function. The endolumenal functional lumen imaging probe (EndoFLIP) system uses a multi-detector impedance planimetry system to provide data on tissue distensibility and geometric changes in the sphincter as measured through resistance to volumetric distention with real-time images. With the advent of EndoFLIP studies, esophagogastric junction dysfunction and other disorders of the stomach and bowels may be better evaluated. It may be utilized as a tool in predicting effectiveness of endoscopic and surgical treatments as well as patient outcomes.
PMID: 28013295 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Determine if highly proliferative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, assessed by pretreatment Ki-67 expression, respond more robustly to induction chemotherapy (IC) that is selectively toxic to cycling cells. Retrospective analysis of 59 patients treated with IC and chemoradiation. IC included either nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin, 5-FU and cetuximab (APF-C, n = 27) or docetaxel, cisplatin, 5-FU +/− cetuximab (TPF+/−C, n = 32). Ki-67 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Tumor response (complete/partial/stable/progressive) at the primary site after two IC cycles was evaluated by visual examination in all patients. In the APF-C sub-group, tumor response (primary site and neck nodes) after two IC cycles was evaluated by computed tomography (CT) and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/CT. Ki-67 expression (median 66%, range: 16–97) did not differ across the tumor response categories assessed by visual examination (p = 0.95), CT (p = 0.30), or FDG-PET/CT (p = 0.65). Median decrease in summed SUVmax of measured lesions was 71.6% (range: 8.3–100%). The Pearson correlation coefficient between Ki-67 expression and the percent decrease in summed SUVmax was 0.48 (p = 0.02). Ki-67 expression was not different between those with or without a relapse (median: 60 and 71%, p = 0.10). In multivariate regression analysis (MVA) controlling for p16 positive oropharyngeal SCC status and smoking status, Ki-67 expression was not significantly associated with tumor response by visual examination (coefficient estimate −0.002, standard error 0.010, p = 0.84), CT (coefficient estimate −0.007, standard error 0.011, p = 0.54), FDG-PET/CT (coefficient estimate 0.006, standard error 0.008, p = 0.51), the percent decrease in summed SUVmax (coefficient estimate 0.389, standard error 0.222, p = 0.09), or relapse events (OR = 1.02(95%CI:0.99–1.05), p = 0.28). No significant relationships were found in MVA between pretreatment Ki-67 expression and tumor response to IC or to relapse.
Publication date: Available online 26 December 2016
Source:Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Author(s): Dieter Suter, Fedor Jelezko
Magnetic resonance of single spins has flourished mostly because of the unique properties of the NV center in diamond. This review covers the basic physics of this defect center, introduces the techniques for working with single spins and gives an overview of some applications like quantum information and sensing.
Publication date: 27 January 2017
Source:Polymer, Volume 109
Author(s): Qingtao Niu, Chen Zou, Xiangyu Liu, Riguo Wang, Aihua He
Polymer chain structural factors, like chain microstructure, comonomer content in copolymer, dyad sequence distribution, molecular weight (MW) and molecular weight distribution (MWD), etc. have a great influence on the properties and applications of polymer materials. In this paper, chain structural factors and thermal behaviors of novel trans-1,4-poly (isoprene-co-butadiene) copolymers (TBIR-15, TBIR-20, TBIR-40) with various comonomer contents synthesized by TiCl4/MgCl2-Al (i-Bu)3 catalyst system were studied by 13C-NMR, GPC, DSC and WAXD. Eight fractions for each TBIR sample were obtained through isothermal crystallization fractionation of TBIR in dilute solution. It is proved that all fractions in the TBIR samples were high trans-1,4-configuration copolymers (>89 mol%). The TBIR copolymers were mainly composed by G fractions (44∼76 wt%), which cannot be crystallized from the dilute solutions at −20 °C. The G fractions of the TBIR-15 and TBIR-20 were multi-block copolymers composed by short trans-1,4-polyisoprene (TPI) blocks with the number-average sequence length of isoprene units (nIp)∼6. The G fraction of TBIR-40 was random copolymer with the melting temperature (Tm) as low as −3.4 °C and the crystallinity (Xc) as low as 4.4%. Fractions D and E in TBIR-15 and TBIR-20 were multi-block copolymers with long TPI blocks (nIp = 6∼24) and the above two fractions show decreased Tm (29∼38 °C) from imperfect TPI crystals. A special fraction A in TBIR-40 was random copolymer containing a few TPI and trans-1,4-polybutadiene (TPB) blocks, and both TPI and TPB blocks had the ability to crystallize. The Mw for each fraction was in the range of 2–6 × 105 and Mw/Mn was in the range of 2–6. Based on the analysis, the possible chain sequence distribution model for each fraction was proposed. It was expected that this research would provide a further understanding about the TBIR copolymer chain structures and inspire the copolymer synthesis with ideal structure and composition as high performance rubber material.
