Head and Neck Diseases by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis: 02/18/18

Κυριακή 18 Φεβρουαρίου 2018

Involvement of flexures in an adolescent patient with dermatomyositis: extension of inverse Gottron papules?

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Involvement of flexures in an adolescent patient with dermatomyositis: extension of inverse Gottron papules?

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Structure optimization and preliminary bioactivity evaluation of N- hydroxybenzamide-based HDAC inhibitors with Y-shaped cap

Publication date: Available online 18 February 2018
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Chenggong Yu, Feng He, Ying Qu, Qiuqiong Zhang, Jiahui Lv, Xiangna Zhang, Ana Xu, Pannan Miao, Jingde Wu
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are effective small molecules in the treatment of human cancers. In our continuing efforts to develop novel N-hydroxyterephthalamide-based HDACIs, herein we report the design and development of a new class of N-hydroxybenzamide-based HDACIs. In this new class of analogs, we inserted an ethylene moiety in the linker and used indole as a part of the Y-shaped cap group. Biological characterization identified compounds 4o, 4p, 4q and 4t to show improved HDAC inhibition, while no isoform selectivity for HDACs was observed. These compounds also exhibited improved anti-proliferative activity against multiple cancer cell lines when compared to their parent compound and positive control SAHA.

Graphical abstract

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Correction to: Removal of fluoroquinolone from aqueous solution using graphene oxide: experimental and computational elucidation

Abstract

Unfortunately, the original version of this article contains a mistake. The figures no. 10, 11, 12 and 13 in the original version of the article should be replaced by the figures shown in this paper.

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Issue Information

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Handheld reflectance confocal microscopy, dermatoscopy and histopathological correlation of common inflammatory balanitis

Abstract

Background

The term balanitis includes a variety of inflammatory skin diseases involving the glans penis whose clinical diagnosis may be challenging. A biopsy is often required to obtain a definitive diagnosis, although it is barely accepted by patients. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), that provides a real-time, en face imaging of the epidermis and upper dermis, is currently utilized for the diagnosis of some neoplastic and inflammatory skin diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the RCM handheld findings of some common balanitis and to correlate them with dermatoscopy and histopathological features.

Materials and Methods

Thirty-two patients with biopsy-proven diagnosis of psoriatic balanitis (10 patients), Zoon's balanitis (11 patients) and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (11 patients) were evaluated using a handheld RCM device and ×10 dermatoscopy.

Results

At the end of the study, each disorder presented specific RCM patterns that correlated with dermatoscopy and histopathological findings.

Conclusion

The use of handheld RCM as complementary tool in everyday clinical practice for the evaluation of inflammatory diseases involving sensitive areas such as male genitalia, may contribute to reduce the need of invasive procedures.

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Molecular genetics ‎characterization and homology modeling of the CHM gene mutation: A study on its association with choroideremia

Publication date: Available online 18 February 2018
Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research
Author(s): Saber Imani, Iqra Ijaz, Marzieh Dehghan Shasaltaneh, Shangyi Fu, Jingliang Cheng, Junjiang Fu
Choroideremia (CHM) is a rare form of X-linked chorioretinal dystrophy that is caused by mutations in the CHM gene. Mutations in the Rab escort protein-1 (REP-1), an ubiquitously encoded protein of the CHM gene, lead to prenylation and vesicle trafficking deficiency in the protein, resulting in the progressive degeneration of choriocapillaris, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and photoreceptors. Despite previous studies concerning this disease, no effective diagnostic tests or established therapeutic interventions currently exist for CHM. In this paper, we reviewed ‎the pathogenic ‎effects of synonymous hotspot mutation in the CHM gene and the genotypic–phenotypic associations in families with CHM. In addition, we employed a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and principal component analysis to gain insight into the underlying molecular basis of these deleterious and disease-causing hotspot mutation ‎analogs. These computer predictions provide strong evidence that the C > T nonsynonymous hotspot mutations of CHM spectrum contribute to overall RPE retinopathy. These findings increase our understanding of the CHM ‎pathogenesis, which may potentially define a new approach in developing novel symbiotic strategies for genetic diagnosis and specific treatment of inherited retinal diseases.

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Gastrointestinal Hormones in Regulation of Memory

Publication date: Available online 18 February 2018
Source:Peptides
Author(s): Anwesha Mandal, Kedar S. Prabhavalkar, Lokesh K. Bhatt
The connection between the gastrointestinal hormones and the brain has been established many years ago. This relation is termed the gut-brain axis (GBA). The GBA is a bidirectional communication which not only regulates gastrointestinal homeostasis but is also linked with higher emotional and cognitive functions. Hypothalamus plays a critical role in the regulation of energy metabolism, nutrient partitioning and control of feeding behaviors. Various gut hormones are released inside the gastrointestinal tract on food intake. These hormones act peripherally and influence the different responses of the tissues to the food intake, but do also have effects on the brain. The hypothalamus, in turn, integrates visceral function with limbic system structures such as hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebral cortex. The hippocampus has been known for its involvement in the cognitive function and the modulation of synaptic plasticity. This review aims to establish the role of various gut hormones in learning and memory, through the interaction of various receptors in the hippocampus. Understanding their role in memory can also aid in finding novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of the neurological disorders associated with memory dysfunctions.

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Sleep, food cravings and taste

Publication date: 1 June 2018
Source:Appetite, Volume 125
Author(s): Wen Lv, Graham Finlayson, Robin Dando
ObjectiveTaste is influenced by factors from our environment, psychology, and from our own physiological state. The objective of the study was to determine whether sleep influences our sense of taste or our cravings for food.Method57 healthy panelists, predominantly of college age, submitted to sleep tracking, and subsequently underwent a series of sensory tests, using basic prototypic tastants, as well as real foods. Panelists were also evaluated to quantify food cravings, using both the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire, and the Control of Eating Questionnaire.ResultsUmami (p = 0.025, F = 5.301) and sour (p = 0.037, F = 4.591) taste were intensified in those rating sleepiness higher, while this group also reported higher implicit wanting for high fat sweet foods (p = 0.011, Wald chi-sq = 14.937). Craving for sweet or savory also associated with a number of measures of taste response to real foods.ConclusionsResults imply that a lack of sleep may induce cravings for unhealthy foods, and that foods high in umami or sour taste may be experienced differently due to alterations in taste function. Results imply that feeding behavior may be influenced by a lack of sleep, acting at least partially through our sense of taste.

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How effective are messages and their characteristics in changing behavioural intentions to substitute plant-based foods for red meat? The mediating role of prior beliefs

Publication date: 1 June 2018
Source:Appetite, Volume 125
Author(s): Annukka Vainio, Xavier Irz, Hanna Hartikainen
By means of a population-based survey experiment, we analysed the effectiveness of two message characteristics – message framing and the refutation of misinformation – in persuading respondents to reduce their consumption of red meat and increase that of plant-based alternatives. We also tested whether the effects of those two message characteristics were moderated by prior beliefs about the health and climate impacts of red meat consumption. The data were collected with an online survey of the adult population living in Finland (N = 1279). We found that messages had a small but desired effect on intentions when the effect of prior beliefs was taken into account, but that that effect was strongly moderated by prior beliefs. In particular, messages changed behavioural intentions among the "meat-sceptics" (i.e., those believing relatively strongly in the negative health and climate effects of meat consumption) but not among the "meat believers" (defined symmetrically). The combination of frames and refutation of misinformation were not found to be more effective strategies than the provision of information through single-framed, one-sided messages. We found limited evidence that the way a message was formulated determined its effectiveness in changing behaviours.

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Weak genetic divergence suggests extensive gene flow at the northeastern range limit of a dioecious Ficus species

Publication date: Available online 17 February 2018
Source:Acta Oecologica
Author(s): Rong Wang, Chang-Hong Yang, Yuan-Yuan Ding, Xin Tong, Xiao-Yong Chen
Genus Ficus (Moraceae) plays a critical role in the sustainability and biodiversity in tropical and subtropical ecosystems. Ficus species and their host specific pollinating fig wasps (Agaonidae) represent a classic example of obligate mutualism. The genetic consequence of range expansion and range shift is still under investigation, but extensive gene flow and subsequently low level of genetic divergence may be expected to occur among the populations at the poleward range limit of some Ficus species due to long distance gene flow in the genus. In the present study, we focused on populations of F. sarmentosa var. henryi at its northeastern range limit in southeast China to test whether edge populations were genetically fragile. Consistent with our hypothesis, high level of genetic diversity and weak genetic structure were revealed in Ficus sarmentosa var. henryi populations, suggesting extensive gene flow at the plant's range limit. Long-distance movements of both pollinators and frugivorous birds were likely to be frequent and thereby predominantly contributed to the extensive gene flow at large scale despite of some magnificent landscape elements like huge mountains.

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Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: clinical and biochemical correlates

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print

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A novel paraneoplastic syndrome with acquired lipodystrophy and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in an adolescent male with craniopharyngioma

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print

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Arsenic speciation in tree moss by mass spectrometry based hyphenated techniques

Publication date: 1 June 2018
Source:Talanta, Volume 183
Author(s): Kai Nan, Man He, Beibei Chen, Yujie Chen, Bin Hu
A method based on ion-pair reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was developed for arsenic speciation in extract of tree moss. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection of eight arsenic species including arsenite (As^III), arsenate (As^V), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsonic acid (DMA), trimethylarsinoxide (TMAO), tetramethylarsonium (Tetra), arsenocholine (AsC) and arsenobetaine (AsB) is between 0.04 and 0.07 ng/mL, with a linear range of 0.2 − 500 ng/mL. Three unknown arsenic species (Unk1, Unk2 and Unk3) and six specific arsenic species (As^III, As^V, DMA, TMAO, Tetra and AsB) were detected in the extract of tree moss. Unk3 was identified as a kind of arsenosugars (2,3-dihydroxypropyl-5-deoxy-5(dimethylarsenoso)furanoside, arsenosugar X) by electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-qTOF-MS).

Graphical abstract

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Fast blood plasma separation device for point-of-care applications

Publication date: 1 June 2018
Source:Talanta, Volume 183
Author(s): Pavol Ďurč, František Foret, Petr Kubáň
In this work, a simple device for extremely fast separation of blood plasma from diluted whole blood was developed. The device accommodates an asymmetric polysulfone membrane/supporting membrane sandwich that allows collection of 10 µL blood plasma into a narrow glass capillary in less than 10 s. The composition of diluent solution was optimized in order to achieve maximum recoveries for selected metabolites of alcohol intoxication. 5% solution of [tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino] propanesulfonic acid provided recoveries of formate, oxalate and glycolate close to 100% and only moderate erythrocyte lysis. Both charged and uncharged compounds from the whole blood samples can be analyzed in the separated blood plasma by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductometric detection and spectrophotometry, respectively. The developed device might find wide application in on-site testing and point-of-care analysis, when only microliter volumes of whole blood are available.

Graphical abstract

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Validity and reliability of outcome measures assessing dexterity, coordination, and upper limb strength in Autosomal Recessive Spastic Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay

Publication date: Available online 17 February 2018
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Cynthia Gagnon, Isabelle Lessard, Bernard Brais, Isabelle Côté, Caroline Lavoie, Matthis Synofzik, Jean Mathieu
ObjectiveTo document in adults affected by Autosomal Recessive Spastic Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) the intra- and interrater reliability, standard error of measurement, agreement, minimal detectable change and construct validity of the Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT), Standardized Finger-to-Nose Test (SFNT), and grip strength.DesignMetrological study.SettingNeuromuscular rehabilitation clinic.ParticipantsGenetically confirmed adult patients with ARSACS (n = 42, 21 females, mean age = 38.6y for intrarater reliability, and n = 33, 18 females, mean age = 40.0y for interrater reliability).InterventionsNot applicable.Main outcome measuresIntra- and interrater reliability was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was determined by assessing the capacity of the NHPT, SFNT, and grip strength to distinguish between participants based on sex, mobility stages, and age groups, and on performance on the Archimedes spiral and Alternating hand movement tests.ResultsAll three tests have shown excellent reliability (ICC = 0.90-0.98). However, the limit of agreement was influenced by the participant's performance on the NHPT, and the minimal detectable change was very different for both hands (right = 9.7 vs left = 28.0). Construct validity was confirmed for the SFNT and NHPT, but was not demonstrated for grip strength.ConclusionsGiven the metrological properties assessed in this study, the SFNT is an excellent measure to assess upper limb coordination, while the NHPT must be used with caution. The grip strength is reliable but does not seem to reflect disease severity.

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Convergence of BOLD and ERP Measures of Neural Reactivity to Emotional Faces in Children and Adolescents with and without Anxiety Disorders

Publication date: Available online 17 February 2018
Source:Biological Psychology
Author(s): Nóra Bunford, Autumn Kujawa, Kate D. Fitzgerald, Christopher S. Monk, K. Luan Phan
The neural bases of emotion are commonly measured using blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal and the late positive potential (LPP) event-related potential (ERP) component, but rarely together in the same individuals. Despite evidence of developmental changes in processing socio-emotional signals (e.g., faces) as reflected by both BOLD and LPP indices of brain maturation, the literature on the correspondence between these measures is limited to healthy adults, leaving questions regarding such correspondence across development and in clinical populations unaddressed. We examined the relationship between BOLD and LPP during an emotional face processing task in a large sample of youth (N = 70; age 7–19 years) with and without anxiety disorders, and tested whether BOLD signal in regions corresponding to LPP may account for age-related decreases in LPP. Greater activation in bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)/orbitofrontal gyrus (OFG), left supplementary motor area, right superior parietal lobule, and bilateral amygdala correlated with enhanced LPP to emotional faces in both anxious and healthy youth. Older youth exhibited reduced activation in bilateral IFG/OFG and bilateral amygdala, as well as reduced LPP. Decreased right IFG/OFG activation mediated the association between age and LPP. These findings support correspondence between these measures and need for multi-method approaches and indicate that age-related decreases in LPP may be driven, in part, by decreased IFG/OFG activation.

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EEG phase states at stimulus onset in a variable-ISI Go/NoGo task: Effects on ERP components

Publication date: Available online 17 February 2018
Source:Biological Psychology
Author(s): Robert J. Barry, Jack S. Fogarty, Frances M. De Blasio, Diana Karamacoska
Previous EEG-ERP dynamics studies found non-random "preferred" EEG phases at stimulus onset in a fixed interstimulus interval (ISI) equiprobable auditory Go/NoGo paradigm, with substantial effects on ERP components. Here we changed to a variable ISI task to prevent/reduce preferential phase occurrence. Discrete Fourier transforms decomposed prestimulus EEG at Cz for each trial to calculate the phase of different frequencies at stimulus onset; we combined these into the delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands, and then sorted trials into phase quartiles for each. ERPs from the raw EEG, assessed using temporal Principal Components Analyses, were examined as a function of phase at stimulus onset. Preferential phase occurrence was reduced as predicted, but random phase substantially impacted component amplitudes. For example, negativity in delta enhanced Go and NoGo P3b; and in theta reduced NoGo but not Go P3b. Overall, EEG phases at stimulus onset support differential cognitive processing in this two-choice task.

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The split hypoglossal nerve versus the cross-face nerve graft to supply the free functional muscle transfer for facial reanimation: A comparative study.

The split hypoglossal nerve versus the cross-face nerve graft to supply the free functional muscle transfer for facial reanimation: A comparative study.

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2018 Jan 31;:

Authors: Amer TA, El Kholy MS

Abstract
Long-standing cases of facial paralysis are currently treated with free functional muscle transfer. Several nerves are mentioned in the literature to supply the free muscle transfer. The aim of this study is to compare the split hypoglossal nerve and the cross-face nerve graft to supply the free functional muscle transfer in facial reanimation. Of 94 patients with long-standing, unilateral facial palsy, 49 were treated using the latissimus dorsi muscle supplied by the split hypoglossal nerve, and 45 patients were treated using the latissmus dorsi muscle supplied by healthy contralateral buccal branch of the facial nerve. The excursion gained by the free muscle transfer supplied by the split hypoglossal nerve (mean 19.20 ± 6.321) was significantly higher (P value 0.001) than that obtained by the contralateral buccal branch of the facial nerve (mean 14.59 ± 6.245). The split hypoglossal nerve appears to be a good possible option to supply the free vascularised muscle transfer in facial reanimation. It yields a stronger excursion in less time than the contralateral cross-face nerve graft.

PMID: 29452877 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Osteopathic manipulative treatment in pudendal neuralgia: A case report

Publication date: Available online 17 February 2018
Source:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Author(s): D. Origo, A.G. Tarantino
Pudendal neuralgia is characterised by pain in the pudendal dermatome. It could be due to a stenosis of the pudendal canal, a compression along its pathway, or a pelvic trauma.Pudendal nerve entrapment (PNE) syndrome is frequently involved in pudendal neuralgia onset. This case report describes the osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) of a patient with functional PNE. A 40-year-old female presented with a 12-month history of intense pelvic pain resistant to 3 months of pharmacologic treatment that arose after three proctological surgeries. A perineal retracted painful scar was visible upon examination. PNE syndrome diagnosis was based on Nantes criteria. The electromyogram of the nerve showed an increased motor response latency of the left pudendal nerve. Visual analogue scale (VAS), female National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Tampa scale of kinesiophobia (TSK) were used to assess patient's symptoms at baseline (T0), after pharmacologic treatment (T1), after OMT (T2), and at 6-month follow-up. Five treatments, including direct and indirect techniques, were performed for 1 month. OMT reduced pelvic neuralgia and disability indexes without any complications, maintaining a positive outcome at 6-month follow-up (VAS: T0 = 10, T1 = 10, T2 = 1.8, T3 = 1.5), (NIH-CPSI: T0 = 34, T1 = 30, T2 = 7, T3 = 6), (ODI: T0 = 48, T1 = 29, T2 = 9, T3 = 5) and (TSK: T0 = 51, T1 = 41, T2 = 20, T3 = 17). This is the first report of a patient diagnosed with functional PNE managed with OMT. A link between PNE, scar and pelvic somatic dysfunctions could suggest double crush syndrome.

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The effects of dry needling and neurodynamic exercise on idiopathic peripheral neuropathy: A case report

Publication date: Available online 17 February 2018
Source:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Author(s): Andrew J. Nasr, Jason Zafereo
A single patient (male, 67) with a medical diagnosis of idiopathic peripheral neuropathy (G60.9) was referred to physical therapy. The patient presented with signs and symptoms consistent with peripheral neuropathy, including bilateral single leg balance deficits, sensation impairments, and antalgic gait. Treatment consisted of dry needling (DN) with electrical stimulation and a home exercise program involving a neurodynamic exercise to be performed daily. Dry needling included the use of thin filiform needles to stimulate the underlying structures directed at eliciting a change within the tissues. The needles were left in situ and connected to an electrical stimulation unit. The neurodynamic exercise used in this case study was designed to target the distal branches of the sciatic nerve. The patient was directed to complete 3 sets of 10 repetitions in the slumped position and moving between ankle plantar flexion and dorsiflexion. The patient was treated for a total of 4 visits over a 5-week period. The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Romberg Test, and sensation testing were collected at baseline and then again after the 4th treatment. A Global Rating of Change (GROC) score was obtained at the end of treatment. After the 4th visit, functional self-report scores were not improved (93.75%–86.9% at completion), while NPRS decreased to 2 from a baseline rating of 4. The eyes closed portion of the Rhomberg balance test improved from 5 s on the right limb to 15 s and from 8 s to 20 s on the left limb. Sharp/dull sensation testing of the L4 dermatome also improved from 2 out of 5 correctly selected on the left lower limb to 5 out of 5. At the S1 level, sensation improved on the left lower limb from 2 out of 5 to 4 out of 5 and from 2 out of 5 on the right lower limb to 5 out of 5. The patient's GROC score was rated as quite a bit better (+5). The outcomes of this case study suggest that clinicians may consider the addition of DN with electrical stimulation and neurodynamic exercises to the treatment of this patient population given the sizeable and rapid improvements in pain, balance, and sensation testing following only 4 treatments.

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Reliability of modified adheremeter and digital pressure algometer in measuring normal abdominal tissue and C-section scars

Publication date: Available online 17 February 2018
Source:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Author(s): Rachel Kelly-Martin, Laura Doughty, Marina Garkavi, Jennifer B. Wasserman
ObjectiveThis study tested inter- and intrarater reliability of the digital pressure algometer and modified adheremeter and concurrent validity in the algometer in both normal abdominal tissue and in chronically painful C-section scars.Study designCorrelational Reliability/Validity.BackgroundThe algometer is used to measure pressure-pain threshold (PPT). The adheremeter is a tool to measure tissue extensibility. Painful abdominal scars are being treated successfully with soft-tissue techniques yet reliable measurement tools for this tissue have not been reported.Methods and measures59 subjects with normal abdominal tissue were marked at a point 2 inches inferolateral to the umbilicus. Two separate testers measured PPT twice with an algometer and tissue extensibility in superior/left/inferior/right directions with a modified adheremeter. 29 subjects with painful C-section scars were marked at 2.5 cm intervals along the scar. A total of 115 points were measured in the same manner as above. C-section subjects also were asked to rate their pain using the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS). Each tester was blinded to all other measurements.ResultsFor PPT, intraclass correlations (ICC's) ranged from 0.814 to 0.933 with a standard error of measurement (SEM) ranging from 1.65N to 5.9 N. For tissue mobility, ICC's ranged from 0.430 to 0.914; SEM ranging from 1.67 mm to 3.7 mm. All but 2 measures had ICCs that were good-excellent. Inferior glide in C-section tissues showed the least and multi-directional measurement the strongest reliability. The PPT had a moderate negative correlation (r = −0.551) with the NPRS.ConclusionsThe algometer showed excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability on normal abdominal tissue and C-section scars. It showed moderate criterion validity when compared against the NPRS. The modified adheremeter showed good-excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability on both normal abdominal tissue and C-section scars. Both measures have clinical and research applications for women's health practitioners.

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The use of dry needling as a diagnostic tool and clinical treatment for cervicogenic dizziness: A narrative review & case series

Publication date: Available online 17 February 2018
Source:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Author(s): James Escaloni, Raymond Butts, James Dunning
Study designNarrative Review & Case Series.BackgroundNo "gold standard" test presently exists to confirm a diagnosis of cervicogenic dizziness, a condition whereby the neuromusculoskeletal tissues of the cervical spine are thought to contribute to imbalance and dizziness. Clusters of tests are presently recommended to provoke signs and symptoms of the condition. In this regard, dry needling may provide a valuable diagnostic tool. Targeting the musculoskeletal structures of the upper neck with dry needling may also provide a valuable treatment tool for patients that suffer from cervicogenic dizziness. While dry needling has been used to treat various musculoskeletal conditions, it has not been specifically reported in patients with cervicogenic dizziness.Case descriptionThree patients were screened for signs and symptoms related to cervicogenic dizziness in an outpatient physical therapy clinic. These patients presented with signs and symptoms often associated with (though not always) cervicogenic dizziness, including a positive flexion-rotation test, altered cervical range of motion, and tenderness with manual assessment of the upper cervical extensors. In addition, dry needling targeting the obliquus capitis inferior muscle was used diagnostically to reproduce symptoms as well as to treat the patients.OutcomesTwo of the patients reported full resolution of their dizziness and a significant improvement in their function per standardized outcome measures. While the third patient did not report full resolution of her cervicogenic dizziness, she noted significant improvement, and dry needling was helpful in guiding further treatment. Importantly, the effect of the treatment was maintained in all three patients for at least 6 months.DiscussionThis case series with narrative review covers various testing procedures for cervicogenic dizziness and explores the use of dry needling targeting the suboccipital muscles to evaluate and treat this patient population. The physiologic changes that occur in the periphery, the spine and the brain secondary to dry needling and their potential relevance to the mechanisms driving cervicogenic dizziness are discussed in detail.

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Systems based model: A Holistic Approach to Developmental Movement Education

Publication date: Available online 17 February 2018
Source:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Author(s): Myles Jay Polsgrove, Roch Lockyer
Considering the human body as a dynamic system, a given movement is the result of contributing sub-systems (Thelen and Smith, 1993). In this view, gains in movement performance occur as subsystem performance becomes optimized. Movement instruction offered from a systems perspective is aimed optimizing learner's performance through evolving understanding and through application.The Holistic Approach to Developmental Movement Education (HADME) is a systems based instructional model that depicts the interactive process between learner and practitioner. This mind-body approach utilizes 11 steps to optimize movement performance: A) Current Understandings, B) Increased Insights of Evaluation, C) Truthful Reflection of Current State, D) Systematic Modification to Optimize Performance, E) Application of the Change Tool to Change Target Pattern, F) Fine-Tune Learner Perception Tool Application, G) Improved Understanding Through a Point of Control, H) Expanded Systemic Understanding of Learner's Knowledge/Movement, I) Isolation of Target Muscle for a Constant Steady Flowing Movement, J) Gained Conceptual Understanding of Movement and K) Increased Knowledge of Systemic Inputs.The instructor adopting this viewpoint may experience continual insights on how to best optimize the performance for an increasing range of leaners display unique systemic variations. Gaining insights on how to overcome movement limitations through optimizing subsystem performances, the learner taking part in a HADME may experience greater movement enjoyment and hopefully, a more active lifestyle.

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Effect of neuromuscular training on functional throwing performance and speed in asymptomatic cricket players

Publication date: Available online 17 February 2018
Source:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Author(s): S.A. Hydar Abbas, H. Karvannan, V. Prem
ObjectiveTo determine the effect of neuromuscular training on functional throwing performance and speed among asymptomatic cricket players.DesignSingle-subject A-B-A design.MethodForty-three male asymptomatic sub-elite cricket players were recruited from Karnataka Institute of Cricket, Bangalore, India, with a mean age of 20.4 ± 2.03 years. Throwing accuracy and throwing speed were measured using Functional Throwing Performance Index (FTPI) and radar gun respectively, at zero, 12, 24 and 30 weeks in accordance with the A-B-A single-subject design. The neuromuscular training of the throwing arm was performed for 12 weeks, two days a week of supervised training including rhythmic stabilization drills were performed. A non-supervised training session including shoulder strengthening programme was conducted three days a week.ResultParticipants demonstrated significant improvement in throwing accuracy (p < 0.001) and speed (p < 0.001) after 12 weeks of neuromuscular training. Six weeks post-withdrawal of the neuromuscular training on throwing accuracy was not significant (p = 0.117), However, speed was sustained (p = 0.013).ConclusionNeuromuscular training showed an improved efficiency in throwing performance following 12 weeks of training in sub-elite cricket players. The sustained effect was not observed following 6 weeks of withdrawal of training.

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High expression of NPRL2 is linked to poor prognosis in patients with prostate cancer

Publication date: Available online 17 February 2018
Source:Human Pathology
Author(s): Zhixiong Chen, Shengjun Luo, Yanlin Chen, Xuemei Xie, Zhongbo Du, Li Jiang
As a tumor suppressor candidate gene, NPRL2 has anti-cancer effects against several cancers, but its potential role in prostate cancer (PCa) has not been reported. The present study aimed to explore the expression of NPRL2 in PCa and its potential clinical significance. Our results showed that expression of NPRL2 in PCa tissues was significantly higher than in non-PCa tissues (P<.001). High NPRL2 expression in PCa tissue was significantly correlated with a high Gleason grade group (P<.001), high pT stage (P<.001), and lymph node metastasis (P=.003). The overall survival of PCa patients with negative to weak NPRL2 expression was significantly higher than that of patients with moderate to strong positive NPRL2 expression. Furthermore, in vitro, we found the up-regulated NPRL2 level in LNCaP and PC3 cells, and forced re-expression of NPRL2 significant promoted the growth of those cells and vice versa. Contrary to existing reports, our results interestingly showed, for the first time, that the expression level of NPRL2 was significantly upregulated in PCa and its high expression was correlated with poor prognosis, suggesting its pivotal role in the progression of PCa. NPRL2 may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for PCa patients.

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Ovarian microcystic stromal tumor with undetermined potential: Case study with molecular analysis and literature review

Publication date: Available online 17 February 2018
Source:Human Pathology
Author(s): Ying Zhang, Lin Tao, Can Yin, Weiwei Wang, Hong Zou, Yan Ren, Weihua Liang, Jinfang Jiang, Wenjie Zhang, Wei Jia, Feng Li
Ovarian microcystic stromal tumor is a relatively rare tumor type. This tumor is characterized by a unique microcyst structure and essentially all tumors show benign biological behavior. Here, we report a case with a primary ovarian microcystic stromal tumor that experienced recurrence. Pathological findings showed that the original tumor, relapsed tumor in the ovary, and the recurrent tumor in the iliac fossa presented similar histological features. The tumor mainly consisted of microcysts, solid cellular regions, and a fibrous stroma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for β-catenin, CD10, vimentin, and WT-1. Mutational analysis revealed a missense mutation (c.1590C > T; pG530E) in exon 15 of the APC gene and another missense mutation (c.740G > A; pA247V) in exon 1 of the KRAS gene. We also reviewed other published cases to evaluate the prognosis and treatment. This is the first report to describe a microcystic stromal tumor of the ovary presenting with undetermined biological potential.

http://ift.tt/2ogbWQu

Long-term hearing results of stapedotomy: analysis of factors affecting outcome.

Long-term hearing results of stapedotomy: analysis of factors affecting outcome.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2018 Feb 16;:

Authors: Ingeborg D, Stéphanie D, Thomas M, David L, Helen VH

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term hearing results of stapedotomy and analyze the influence of patient-, disease-, and procedure-related variables.
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series.
SETTING: Tertiary referral center.
PATIENTS: 230 ears (202 patients, 10-74 years) underwent stapedotomy for otosclerosis between January 2008 and August 2014. All cases had early postoperative follow-up (4 weeks post-surgery) and 181 cases had late postoperative follow-up (≥ 1 year, average 32.5 months).
INTERVENTION: Stapedotomy procedure for otosclerosis.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hearing outcome using conventional audiometry. The primary outcome parameter was the postoperative air-bone gap pure-tone average. Postoperative air-bone gap ≤ 10 dB was defined as surgical success. Preoperative, early postoperative and late postoperative hearing results were compared. Influence of patient- and procedure-related variables on hearing outcome was evaluated by logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS: The postoperative air-bone gap was 10 dB or less in 77.0% of cases early post-surgery and in 70.7% of cases in long-term follow-up. Air-bone gap closure within 20 dB was obtained in 95.7 and 92.3%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a larger preoperative air-bone gap (p = 0.041) and positive family history of otosclerosis (p = 0.044) were predictive for less surgical success early postoperatively, but not on the long term. Age, gender, primary versus revision surgery, presence of preoperative tinnitus and preoperative vertigo did not independently and significantly influence postoperative air-bone gap closure.
CONCLUSION: Our series confirms excellent hearing results achieved in stapedotomy surgery, also in long-term follow-up. On the long-term no patient-, disease-, or procedure-related variables were identified as predictors of surgical success.

PMID: 29453620 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2FciEz3

Two-Stage Hepatectomy vs One-Stage Major Hepatectomy with Contralateral Resection or Ablation for Advanced Bilobar Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Two-Stage Hepatectomy vs One-Stage Major Hepatectomy with Contralateral Resection or Ablation for Advanced Bilobar Colorectal Liver Metastases.

J Am Coll Surg. 2018 Feb 14;:

Authors: Mizuno T, Cloyd JM, Omichi K, Chun YS, Conrad C, Tzeng CD, Wei SH, Aloia TA, Vauthey JN

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Both two-stage hepatectomy (TSH) and one-stage hepatectomy (OSH) represent feasible strategies for resection of advanced bilobar colorectal liver metastases (CLM). However, the influence of the surgical approach on postoperative outcomes and overall survival (OS) is unknown. To define the optimal surgical approach for advanced bilobar CLM requiring right hemihepatectomy, we compared short-term and long-term outcomes following TSH and OSH with contralateral resection or radiofrequency ablation (RFA).
METHODS: A total of 227 patients with bilobar CLM who underwent right or extended right hepatectomy with treatment of synchronous CLM in segments I, II, and/or III during 1998-2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative outcomes and OS were compared between patients who underwent TSH and those who underwent OSH.
RESULTS: Of the 227 patients, 126 (56%) underwent at least the first stage of TSH, and 101 (44%) underwent OSH, 29 (13%) without RFA and 72 (32%) with RFA. TSH was associated with a lower incidence of postoperative major complications (14% vs 26%, p=0.03) and postoperative hepatic insufficiency (6% vs 20%, p=0.001) than OSH. The 5-year OS rate was higher for patients assigned to TSH than for those who underwent OSH (35% vs 24%, p=0.016). Patients who completed both stages of TSH had a higher 5-year OS rate than patients who underwent OSH without RFA (50% vs 20%, p=0.023) or OSH with RFA (50% vs 24%, p<0.0001).
CONCLUSION: In patients with advanced bilobar CLM, TSH is associated with fewer complications than OSH. Both TSH in intention-to-treat analysis and completed TSH in as-treated analysis were associated with better OS than OSH.

PMID: 29454099 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2C5LIcE

New insights into the molecular characteristics of pulmonary carcinoids and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and the impact on their clinical management.

New insights into the molecular characteristics of pulmonary carcinoids and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and the impact on their clinical management.

J Thorac Oncol. 2018 Feb 14;:

Authors: Derks JL, Leblay N, Lantuejoul S, Dingemans AM, Speel EJM, Fernandez-Cuesta L

Abstract
Carcinoids and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC) are rare neuroendocrine lung tumors. Here we provide an overview of the most updated data on the molecular characteristics of these diseases. Recent genomic studies showed that carcinoids generally contain a low mutational burden and few recurrently mutated genes. Most of the reported mutations occur in chromatin-remodeling genes (e.g. MEN1), and few affect genes of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Aggressive disease has been related to chromothripsis, DNA-repair gene mutations, loss of OTP/CD44, and upregulation of RET gene expression. In the case of LCNECs, which present with a high mutation burden, two major molecular subtypes have been identified: one with bi-allelic inactivation of TP53 and RB1, a hallmark of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC); and the other one with bi-allelic inactivation of TP53 and STK11/KEAP1, genes that are frequently mutated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These data, together with the identification of common mutations in the different components of combined LCNEC-NSCLC tumors, provides further evidence of the close molecular relation of LCNEC with other lung tumor types. In terms of therapeutic options, future studies should explore the association between mTOR pathway mutations and response to mTOR inhibitors in carcinoids. For LCNEC, preliminary data suggest that the two molecular subtypes might have a predictive value for chemotherapy response, but this observation needs to be validated in randomized prospective clinical trials. Finally, DLL3 inhibitors and immunotherapy may provide alternative options for patient-tailored therapy in LCNEC.

PMID: 29454048 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2BA5ImI

Dramatically Polarized Opinion on the Role of Brachytherapy Boost in Management of High-risk Prostate Cancer: A Survey of North American Genitourinary Expert Radiation Oncologists.

Dramatically Polarized Opinion on the Role of Brachytherapy Boost in Management of High-risk Prostate Cancer: A Survey of North American Genitourinary Expert Radiation Oncologists.

Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2018 Feb 02;:

Authors: McClelland S, Sandler KA, Degnin C, Chen Y, Mitin T

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Three randomized clinical trials have established brachytherapy (BT) boost in combination with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) as superior to definitive EBRT and ADT alone in terms of biochemical control (but not overall survival) at the expense of increased toxicity in men with high-risk (HR) prostate cancer (PCa). The current view regarding these 2 treatment algorithms among North American genitourinary (GU) experts is not known.
METHODS: A survey was distributed to 88 practicing North American GU physicians serving on decision-making committees of cooperative group research organizations. Questions pertained to opinions regarding BT as monotherapy for low-risk PCa and BT boost for HR PCa. Responders were asked to self-identify as BT experts versus non-experts. Treatment recommendations were correlated with practice patterns using the Fisher exact test.
RESULTS: Forty-two radiation oncologists completed the survey, of whom 23 (55%) recommend EBRT and ADT alone and 19 (45%) recommend addition of BT boost. Twenty-five participants (60%) identified themselves as BT experts. Nearly 90% of those recommending BT boost were BT experts versus approximately 10% of non-BT experts (P < .001). Responders who recommended BT monotherapy as first-choice treatment for low-risk PCa were more likely to recommend BT boost for HR PCa (P < .0001).
CONCLUSIONS: There is a dramatic polarization in opinions regarding incorporation of BT boost into EBRT + ADT therapy for patients with HR PCa among North American GU radiation oncology experts, who serve on decision-making committees and influence the national treatment guidelines and future clinical trials. Those who identify themselves as BT experts are significantly more likely to recommend BT boost. These findings are likely to influence the national guidelines and implementation of BT boost in current and future North American PCa clinical studies.

PMID: 29452837 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2EE2kKb

Single-Arm Phase 2 Trial of Elective Nodal Dose Reduction for Patients With Locoregionally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.

Single-Arm Phase 2 Trial of Elective Nodal Dose Reduction for Patients With Locoregionally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2017 Dec 28;:

Authors: Maguire PD, Neal CR, Hardy SM, Schreiber AM

Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate a novel chemoradiation therapy (CRT) regimen for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) incorporating a lower intensity modulated radiation therapy dose to electively treated neck lymph nodes than is currently standard.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eligible patients had locally advanced SCCHN of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, or hypopharynx. The 7-week CRT course consisted of weekly cisplatin at 35 mg/m2 concurrently with sequential-boost intensity modulated radiation therapy: 36 Gy to high- and low-risk planning target volumes followed by a sequential boost to the high-risk planning target volume to 70 Gy. The primary endpoint was elective nodal failure. Secondary endpoints were survival, toxicity, feeding tube duration, and quality of life evaluated by the FACT-HN and QOL-RTI surveys.
RESULTS: Between 2011 and 2014, 54 patients were enrolled, 31 (57%) of whom had human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive disease. Of the patients, 35 (65%) had stage IVa disease. The median follow-up period for survivors was 36 months (range, 12-66 months). Elective nodal failure did not develop in any patient. The actuarial 3-year survival rate for the entire cohort was 91% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79-0.96); for the HPV-negative group, 85% (95% CI 0.61-0.95); and for the HPV-positive group, 96% (95% CI 0.77-0.99). Common grade 3 toxicities were dysphagia (79%), mucositis and/or stomatitis (41%), nausea (20%), xerostomia (13%), vomiting (11%), and neutropenia (10%). The median feeding tube duration was 142 days. Patient FACT-HN scores were higher at 3, 6, and 12 months versus at the end of treatment (P < .0001). Total FACT-HN scores returned to pretreatment baseline by 6 months. Overall QOL-RTI scores were lower from pretreatment to the end of treatment through 12 months (P = .0001).
CONCLUSIONS: This CRT regimen for patients with advanced SCCHN demonstrated the potential feasibility of reducing the elective dose to the neck, a topic that requires additional study in future clinical trials.

PMID: 29452770 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2HsSQ2m

Novel therapies for relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma.

Novel therapies for relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma.

Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2018 Mar;31(1):105-113

Authors: Arora PC, Portell CA

Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma is an aggressive Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that is considered incurable with standard therapies. Most patients treated with frontline immunochemotherapy relapse within a few years and do not usually respond to salvage chemotherapy. Persistent activation of the B-cell receptor pathway is critical to the pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma. Inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, an essential B-cell receptor pathway component with ibrutinib has shown clinical activity and has changed how MCL is treated in the relapsed/refractory setting. However, resistance to ibrutinib is common and response is limited. Novel agents targeting the B-cell receptor pathway along with therapies outside of the pathway will be reviewed in this article. Ongoing and future studies will better define how these agents should be utilized in the ever-changing treatment landscape of mantle cell lymphoma.

PMID: 29452660 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2FbpZi6

Characterizing Potentially Preventable Cancer- and Chronic Disease-Related Emergency Department Use in the Year After Treatment Initiation: A Regional Study.

Characterizing Potentially Preventable Cancer- and Chronic Disease-Related Emergency Department Use in the Year After Treatment Initiation: A Regional Study.

J Oncol Pract. 2018 Feb 08;:JOP2017028191

Authors: Panattoni L, Fedorenko C, Greenwood-Hickman MA, Kreizenbeck K, Walker JR, Martins R, Eaton KD, Rieke JW, Conklin T, Smith B, Lyman G, Ramsey SD

Abstract
PURPOSE: As new quality metrics and interventions for potentially preventable emergency department (ED) visits are implemented, we sought to compare methods for evaluating the prevalence and costs of potentially preventable ED visits that were related to cancer and chronic disease among a commercially insured oncology population in the year after treatment initiation.
METHODS: We linked SEER records in western Washington from 2011 to 2016 with claims from two commercial insurers. The study included patients who were diagnosed with a solid tumor and tracked ED utilization for 1 year after the start of chemotherapy or radiation. Cancer symptoms from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services metric and a patient-reported outcome intervention were labeled potentially preventable (PpCancer). Prevention Quality Indicators of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality were labeled potentially preventable-chronic disease (PpChronic). We reported the primary diagnosis, all diagnosis field coding (1 to 10), and 2016 adjusted reimbursements.
RESULTS: Of 5,853 eligible patients, 27% had at least one ED visit, which yielded 2,400 total visits. Using primary diagnosis coding, 49.8% of ED visits had a PpCancer diagnosis, whereas 3.2% had a PpChronic diagnosis. Considering all diagnosis fields, 45.0%, 9.4%, and 18.5% included a PpCancer only, a PpChronic only, and both a PpCancer and a PpChronic diagnosis, respectively. The median reimbursement per visit was $735 (interquartile ratio, $194 to $1,549).
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of potentially preventable ED visits was generally high, but varied depending on the diagnosis code fields and the group of codes considered. Future research is needed to understand the complex landscape of potentially preventable ED visits and measures to improve value in cancer care delivery.

PMID: 29452549 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2Bzc8CC

Management of Skull Base Tumors in the Obstetric Population: a Case Series.

Management of Skull Base Tumors in the Obstetric Population: a Case Series.

World Neurosurg. 2018 Feb 14;:

Authors: Priddy BH, Otto BA, Carrau RL, Prevedello DM

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neoplasms rarely present during pregnancy. However, increase in plasma volume, hormone release induced growth, and tumor hypervascularity, can cause rapid symptoms. These range from not requiring intervention to necessitating emergent operations.
OBJECTIVE: We describe an algorithm for the management of symptomatic neoplasm in the obstetric population, and provide recommendations regarding surgical indications and timing.
METHODS: Patients who presented to a skull base clinic from 2010-2016 at large tertiary care hospital were reviewed to identify patients who presented with a skull base tumor during pregnancy.
RESULTS: Our cohort comprises ten women with skull base tumors during pregnancy. Four presented symptoms that required emergent skull base surgery, six underwent surgery after delivery or continued surveillance. All patients were found to have WHO Grade I or II meningioma or schwannomas. There were no maternal complications. Through this experience, a management algorithm was created.
CONCLUSION: Management of a symptomatic tumor during pregnancy requires balancing the potential to cure the mother and to harm the fetus. Trimester of pregnancy is the most critical factor in evaluating the need for urgent management. Surgery during the second trimester is the optimal time, as it is associated with the least risk for spontaneous abortion or preterm birth. The first and third trimesters are associated with increased risk of miscarriage and preterm labor respectively. Induction of labor for preterm delivery, followed by surgery, may be appropriate in early third trimester. Nonetheless, any pregnant woman with an emergent presentation should be offered surgery, regardless of trimester.

PMID: 29454125 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2BBdXyO

Cribriform plate width is highly variable within and between subjects.

Cribriform plate width is highly variable within and between subjects.

Auris Nasus Larynx. 2018 Feb 13;:

Authors: Coelho DH, Pence TS, Abdel-Hamid M, Costanzo RM

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: All successful endonasal surgery, including functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), depends on knowledge of both anatomy and the specific variations that can occur between and within patients. Familiarity with these structures is a critical component in preventing complications from these procedures, and failure to understand subtle variation can have disastrous results. The aim of this study was to characterize the anatomical variations (if any) of the cribriform plate using a large cadaveric sample set. Better understanding of the disparities within and between patients may have important implications for surgical planning.
METHODS: Whole human skull specimens (31 specimens, 62 sides) were examined to obtain dimensional measurements of the cribriform plate on the right and left sides.
RESULTS: The average length of the cribriform plate was 21.28mm (range 15.25-27.73mm, SD 3.30mm). The average width of the cribriform plate (including the crista galli) was 4.53mm (range 1.75-8.03mm, SD 1.20mm). When comparing side differences in individual specimens, there was more variability between widths, relative standard deviation 26.4%, than between lengths, relative standard deviation 15.5%.
CONCLUSION: There is a range of both length and width of the cribriform plate, between and within individuals. This is particularly true for width. In practice, this emphasizes the importance of pre-operative imaging and recognition of anatomic variability for sinus or anterior skull base procedure.

PMID: 29452829 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2BCXZV9

Transmission routes of respiratory viruses among humans.

Transmission routes of respiratory viruses among humans.

Curr Opin Virol. 2018 Jan 17;28:142-151

Authors: Kutter JS, Spronken MI, Fraaij PL, Fouchier RA, Herfst S

Abstract
Respiratory tract infections can be caused by a wide variety of viruses. Airborne transmission via droplets and aerosols enables some of these viruses to spread efficiently among humans, causing outbreaks that are difficult to control. Many outbreaks have been investigated retrospectively to study the possible routes of inter-human virus transmission. The results of these studies are often inconclusive and at the same time data from controlled experiments is sparse. Therefore, fundamental knowledge on transmission routes that could be used to improve intervention strategies is still missing. We here present an overview of the available data from experimental and observational studies on the transmission routes of respiratory viruses between humans, identify knowledge gaps, and discuss how the available knowledge is currently implemented in isolation guidelines in health care settings.

PMID: 29452994 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2EAPGrt

Transforaminal en bloc resection for the treatment of thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum: Retrospective cohort study.

Transforaminal en bloc resection for the treatment of thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum: Retrospective cohort study.

Int J Surg. 2018 Feb 14;:

Authors: Wang CH, Cui WL, Xue JL, Liao Z

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Our purpose is to introduce transforaminal en bloc resection for the treatment of thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum, and report outcomes of the procedure.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: The record of patients with symptomatic thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum who received transforaminal en block resection from October 2010 to September 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Outcomes were Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) lower extremity motor dysfunction and sphincter dysfunction scores.
RESULTS: Seventeen patients (10 males, 7 females) with a median age of 60 years were included in the analysis. Surgery was performed as planned without complications in all patients. One segment decompression was performed in 1 case, 2 segment in 9 cases, 3 segment in 3 cases, and 4 segment in 4 cases. The median lower extremity motor dysfunction score was significantly higher at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively, and the end of follow-up, than before surgery (median score: 2, 2, 3, 3, respective, vs. 1, all, p ≤ 0.008). There were no significant differences in JOA sphincter dysfunction score between the different time points.
CONCLUSION: Transforaminal en bloc resection is a safe and effective method for the treatment of thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum.

PMID: 29454045 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2ECzXw7

Coexistent Solid Malignancies in Pemphigus: A Population-Based Study.

Coexistent Solid Malignancies in Pemphigus: A Population-Based Study.

JAMA Dermatol. 2018 Feb 16;:

Authors: Kridin K, Zelber-Sagi S, Comaneshter D, Cohen AD

Abstract
Importance: The association of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus with comorbid malignancies is yet to be firmly established.
Objective: To estimate the association between pemphigus and a wide range of nonhematologic malignancies using one of the largest cohorts of patients with pemphigus to date.
Design, Setting, and Participants: For this cross-sectional study, we used the computerized database of Clalit Health Services, the largest public health care provider organization in Israel insuring 4.4 million individuals in the settings of general community clinics, primary care and referral centers, and ambulatory and hospitalized health care. The study included 1985 patients with pemphigus and 9874 control patients and was conducted from January 2004 to December 2014.
Main Outcomes and Measures: The prevalence of 17 different solid malignancies was compared between patients diagnosed with pemphigus and age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched control patients; χ2 and t tests were used for univariate analysis, and a logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. The association was examined following a sensitivity analysis that included only cases treated with long-term pemphigus-specific medications (corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or rituximab), and following the adjustment for several confounding factors.
Results: Overall, the total sample included 11 859 eligible patients, of whom 1985 were patients with pemphigus (mean [SD] age at presentation, 72.1 [18.5] years; 1188 women [59.8%]). In patients with pemphigus compared with control patients, there was a greater prevalence of esophageal cancers (0.4% vs 0.1%; odds ratio [OR], 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1-7.4) and laryngeal cancers (0.6% vs 0.3%; OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0-4.1). No significant associations between pemphigus and other solid malignancies were observed. Estimates were not altered significantly after controlling for comorbidities, health care overutilization, immunosuppressive therapy, and other malignancy-specific risk factors (ie, smoking and alcohol abuse in laryngeal cancer, gastroesophageal reflux disease in esophageal cancer).
Conclusions and Relevance: Significant associations were observed between pemphigus and solid malignancies of the larynx and the esophagus. Physicians treating patients with pemphigus should be aware of these findings. Further observational studies are warranted to establish this association in other cohorts.

PMID: 29453868 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2GoE1ML

Usefulness of reconstructed 3D images for cochlear implantation in a case with a facial nerve anomaly.

Usefulness of reconstructed 3D images for cochlear implantation in a case with a facial nerve anomaly.

Auris Nasus Larynx. 2018 Feb 14;:

Authors: Nakamura K, Dias MS, Sasaki T, Sugimoto H, Hatano M, Ito M

Abstract
Facial nerve anomalies are a potential problem in patients with cochleovestibular malformations. A case of cochlear implant (CI) surgery in the presence of intra-temporalbone facial nerve bifurcation is presented. During the first surgery, the facial nerve bifurcation obscured the promontory and round window. It was difficult to perform cochleostomy because of the lack of landmarks of the basal turn of the cochlea, and the first surgical attempt at cochleostomy was abandoned. A repeat CT scan was performed after the first surgery with reconstructed 3D images of the temporal bone and the cochlea, and then the cochlea was successfully opened at revision surgery. Reconstructed 3D CT images were very useful to identify the site of cochleostomy in this case with such difficult temporal bone anatomy.

PMID: 29452830 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2BAzNTe

Cribriform plate width is highly variable within and between subjects.

Cribriform plate width is highly variable within and between subjects.

Auris Nasus Larynx. 2018 Feb 13;:

Authors: Coelho DH, Pence TS, Abdel-Hamid M, Costanzo RM

PMID: 29452829 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2BCXZV9

Single-Arm Phase 2 Trial of Elective Nodal Dose Reduction for Patients With Locoregionally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.

Single-Arm Phase 2 Trial of Elective Nodal Dose Reduction for Patients With Locoregionally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2017 Dec 28;:

Authors: Maguire PD, Neal CR, Hardy SM, Schreiber AM

PMID: 29452770 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2HsSQ2m

Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Pituitary Pathology.

Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Pituitary Pathology.

Endocr Pathol. 2018 Feb 16;:

Authors: Asa SL, Mete O

Abstract
Pituitary pathology is one area of endocrine pathology that is highly dependent on immunohistochemistry. There is a wide range of disorders that occur in and around the sella turcica, and the distinction of tumor-like lesions from neoplasms requires careful evaluation. The diagnosis, prognosis, and predictive features of neoplasms in the sellar region are all dependent on the application and interpretation of biomarkers of cell differentiation, hormonal activity, subcellular morphology, and proliferation. As in hematopathology, the number of biomarkers has increased dramatically and continues to increase. Fortunately, some of the biomarkers provide information that was initially dependent on electron microscopy; therefore, the need for this additional technology has been reduced to only rare unusual tumors. In this review, we provide a simple approach to understanding the importance of the various biomarkers that are used to ensure the correct diagnosis and provide the treating clinicians with tools to guide appropriate patient management and surveillance.

PMID: 29453601 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2FdIS4g

A novel combination of bortezomib, lenalidomide, and clarithromycin produced stringent complete response in refractory multiple myeloma complicated with diabetes mellitus – clinical significance and possible mechanisms: a case report

In general, dexamethasone is a required component drug in various combination chemotherapies for treating multiple myeloma, and its efficacy has been widely recognized. However, administration of dexamethasone...

http://ift.tt/2EAiCzQ

The impact of sex steroid agonists and antagonists on folliculogenesis in the neonatal porcine ovary via cell proliferation and apoptosis.

The impact of sex steroid agonists and antagonists on folliculogenesis in the neonatal porcine ovary via cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Theriogenology. 2018 Feb 10;113:19-26

Authors: Knapczyk-Stwora K, Grzesiak M, Ciereszko RE, Czaja E, Koziorowski M, Slomczynska M

Abstract
The objective of the study was to examine the effects of androgen and estrogen agonists or antagonists on the follicle formation, ovarian cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as plasma steroid concentration in neonatal pigs. Piglets were injected with testosterone propionate (TP, 20 mg/kg bw), flutamide (FLU, 50 mg/kg bw), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP, 100 mg/kg bw), ICI 182,780 (ICI, 400 μg/kg bw), methoxychlor (MXC, 100 mg/kg bw) or corn oil (CTR, controls) between postnatal Days 1 and 10 (n = 4/group). Heart blood was collected and ovaries were excised from the 11-day-old piglets. The lower percentage of oocytes within an egg nest and higher ovarian expression of active caspase 3 were found in TP (androgen excess) piglets compared to controls. FLU-induced androgen deficiency decreased the percentage of primordial follicles, increased that of early primary follicles and diminished ovarian cell proliferation. OP-induced estrogen action increased the percentage of primordial and developing follicles as well as cell proliferation. ICI-induced estrogen deficiency decreased the percentage of transitional follicles and ovarian cell proliferation, while increased the percentage of primordial follicles and the abundance of active caspase 3. Treatment with MXC, exhibiting estrogenic, antiestrogenic, and antiandrogenic activities, declined the percentage of developing follicles and cell proliferation. Moreover, the investigated compounds differentially affected plasma steroid level. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated clear effects of TP and FLU during the earliest stages of folliculogenesis in pigs (nest breakdown and follicle assembly), whereas OP and ICI influenced also the subsequent stages of follicle initial recruitment and growth. Therefore, the androgen and estrogen seems to be important for the follicle assembly and follicle growth in neonatal porcine ovaries.

PMID: 29452853 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2odiOOm

Uptake and distribution of organo-iodine in deep-sea corals.

Uptake and distribution of organo-iodine in deep-sea corals.

J Environ Radioact. 2018 Feb 13;:

Authors: Prouty NG, Roark EB, Mohon LM, Chang CC

Abstract
Understanding iodine concentration, transport, and bioavailability is essential in evaluating iodine's impact to the environment and its effectiveness as an environmental biogeotracer. While iodine and its radionuclides have proven to be important tracers in geologic and biologic studies, little is known about transport of this element to the deep sea and subsequent uptake in deep-sea coral habitats. Results presented here on deep-sea black coral iodine speciation and iodine isotope variability provides key information on iodine behavior in natural and anthropogenic environments, and its geochemical pathway in the Gulf of Mexico. Organo-iodine is the dominant iodine species in the black corals, demonstrating that binding of iodine to organic matter plays an important role in the transport and transfer of iodine to the deep-sea corals. The identification of growth bands captured in high-resolution scanning electron images (SEM) with synchronous peaks in iodine variability suggest that riverine delivery of terrestrial-derived organo-iodine is the most plausible explanation to account for annual periodicity in the deep-sea coral geochemistry. Whereas previous studies have suggested the presence of annual growth rings in deep-sea corals, this present study provides a mechanism to explain the formation of annual growth bands. Furthermore, deep-sea coral ages based on iodine peak counts agree well with those ages derived from radiocarbon (14C) measurements. These results hold promise for developing chronologies independent of 14C dating, which is an essential component in constraining reservoir ages and using radiocarbon as a tracer of ocean circulation. Furthermore, the presence of enriched 129I/127I ratios during the most recent period of skeleton growth is linked to nuclear weapons testing during the 1960s. The sensitivity of the coral skeleton to record changes in surface water 129I composition provides further evidence that iodine composition and isotope variability captured in proteinaceous deep-sea corals is a promising geochronometer as well as an emerging tracer for continental material flux.

PMID: 29452767 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2EB6VZN

Reversal of antiplatelet therapy in traumatic intracranial hemorrhage: Does timing matter?

Reversal of antiplatelet therapy in traumatic intracranial hemorrhage: Does timing matter?

J Clin Neurosci. 2018 Feb 13;:

Authors: Pandya U, Malik A, Messina M, Albeiruti AR, Spalding C

Abstract
Reversal of antiplatelet therapy with platelet transfusion in traumatic intracranial hemorrhage remains controversial. Several studies have examined this topic but few have investigated whether the timing of transfusion affects outcomes. Patients admitted to a level 1 trauma center from 1/1/14 to 3/31/16 with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage taking pre-injury antiplatelet therapy were retrospectively analyzed. Patients on concurrent pre-injury anticoagulant therapy were excluded. Per institutional guideline, patients on pre-injury clopidogrel received 2 doses of platelets while patients on pre-injury aspirin received 1 dose of platelets. Patients with worsening hemorrhage defined by an increase in the Rotterdam score on follow up CT were compared to those without worsening. Mortality, need for neurosurgical intervention, and timing of platelet transfusion were analyzed. A total of 243 patients were included with 23 (9.5%) having worsening hemorrhage. Patients with worsening hematoma had higher injury severity score, head abbreviated injury scale, incidence of subdural hematoma, mortality, and lower Glasgow coma scale. There was no significant difference in the number of minutes to platelet transfusion between groups. After logistic regression analysis the presence of subdural hematoma and lower admission Glasgow coma scale were predictors of worsening hematoma, while there remained no significant difference in minutes to platelet transfusion. The timing of platelet transfusion did not have any impact on rates of worsening hematoma for patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage on pre-injury antiplatelet therapy. Potential risk factors for worsening hematoma in this group are the presence of subdural hematoma and lower admission Glasgow coma scale.

PMID: 29452965 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2BCFZtF

Risk factors for platelet transfusion in glioblastoma surgery.

Risk factors for platelet transfusion in glioblastoma surgery.

J Clin Neurosci. 2018 Feb 13;:

Authors: Lagman C, Sheppard JP, Romiyo P, Nguyen T, Prashant GN, Nagasawa DT, Liau LM, Yang I

Abstract
The objectives of this study are to identify risk factors for and to evaluate clinical outcomes of platelet transfusion in glioblastoma surgery. The medical records of adult patients who underwent craniotomy for glioblastoma resection at a single academic medical center were retrospectively reviewed. We stratified patients into 2 groups: those who were transfused at least 1 unit of platelets intraoperatively or postoperatively (no more than 7 days after surgery), and those who were not transfused with platelets. Through the use of a 1:3 matched cohort analysis, we compared complications, length of stay, discharge disposition, and mortality, across groups. One hundred and five consecutive adult patients were included in this study. Thirteen patients (12.38%) received platelet transfusions. Prior antiplatelet therapy (odds ratio [OR] 8.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.36-28.58), preoperative platelet count less than 200,000 cells/µL (OR 8.46, 95% CI: 2.16-33.22), and longer operative times (OR 1.73, 95% CI: 1.10-2.72) were significant risk factors for platelet transfusion. There were no significant differences in the outcomes of interest in the matched cohort analysis.

PMID: 29452964 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2BB49Vq

STINGel: Controlled release of a cyclic dinucleotide for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.

STINGel: Controlled release of a cyclic dinucleotide for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.

Biomaterials. 2018 Feb 06;163:67-75

Authors: Leach DG, Dharmaraj N, Piotrowski SL, Lopez-Silva TL, Lei YL, Sikora AG, Young S, Hartgerink JD

Abstract
Recent advancements in the field of immunotherapy have yielded encouraging results for the treatment of advanced cancers. Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are a powerful new class of immunotherapy drugs known as STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) agonists, currently in clinical trials. However, previous studies of CDNs in murine cancer models have required multiple injections, and improve survival only in relatively nonaggressive tumor models. Therefore, we sought to improve the efficacy of CDN immunotherapy by developing a novel biomaterial we call "STINGel." STINGel is an injectable peptide hydrogel that localizes and provides controlled release of CDN delivery, showing an 8-fold slower release rate compared to a standard collagen hydrogel. The carrier hydrogel is a positively charged, MultiDomain Peptide (MDP) which self-assembles to form a nanofibrous matrix and is easily delivered by syringe. The highly localized delivery of CDN from this nanostructured biomaterial affects the local histological response in a subcutaneous model, and dramatically improves overall survival in a challenging murine model of head and neck cancer compared to CDN alone or CDN delivered from a collagen hydrogel. This study demonstrates the feasibility of biomaterial-based immunotherapy platforms like STINGel as strategies for increasing the efficacy of CDN immunotherapies.

PMID: 29454236 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2C7TN0k

Management of Skull Base Tumors in the Obstetric Population: a Case Series.

Management of Skull Base Tumors in the Obstetric Population: a Case Series.

World Neurosurg. 2018 Feb 14;:

Authors: Priddy BH, Otto BA, Carrau RL, Prevedello DM

PMID: 29454125 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2BBdXyO

Activation of NLRX1-mediated autophagy accelerates the ototoxic potential of cisplatin in auditory cells.

Activation of NLRX1-mediated autophagy accelerates the ototoxic potential of cisplatin in auditory cells.

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2018 Feb 14;:

Authors: Yin H, Yang Q, Cao Z, Li H, Yu Z, Zhang G, Sun G, Man R, Wang H, Li J

Abstract
To date, the mechanism (s) underlying the cisplatin-elicited ototoxicity has not been elucidated fully. Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich-repeat-containing family member ×1 (NLRX1), a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor, is tightly related to mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and autophagy. In this work, autophagy alteration, NLRX1 expression, ROS generation and cell injury were investigated correspondingly by immunofluorescence staining, western-blot, TEM, flow cytometry and MTT in HEI-OC1 cells of both NLRX1 overexpression and silencing in response to cisplatin stimulus. We found that NLRX1 expression was increased concurrent with the increase of autophagy activation in HEI-OC1 cells under the cisplatin insult. NLRX1 overexpression led to the amount of accumulation of autophagsomes in HEI-OC1 cells in normal condition and a higher activation of autophagy concurrent with cell injury in HEI-OC1 cells treated with cisplatin, whereas, NLRX1 silencing decreased the activation level of autophagy concurrent with increased cell viability in HEI-OC1 cells treated with cisplatin. Mechanistic studies showed that NLRX1 potentiated mitochondrial-derived ROS generation in response to cisplatin exposure. Inhibition of ROS generation significantly prevented autophagy activation and apoptosis both in HEI-OC1cells and cochlear explants treated with cisplatin. The findings from this work reveal that NLRX1 sensitizes auditory cells in vitro to cisplatin-induced ototoxity via autophagic cell death pathway, providing another strategy against cisplatin-induced ototoxity.

PMID: 29454061 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2GpneJo

TriCurin, a synergistic formulation of curcumin, resveratrol, and epicatechin gallate, repolarizes tumor-associated macrophages and triggers an immune response to cause suppression of HPV+ tumors.

TriCurin, a synergistic formulation of curcumin, resveratrol, and epicatechin gallate, repolarizes tumor-associated macrophages and triggers an immune response to cause suppression of HPV+ tumors.

Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2018 Feb 16;:

Authors: Mukherjee S, Hussaini R, White R, Atwi D, Fried A, Sampat S, Piao L, Pan Q, Banerjee P

Abstract
Our earlier studies reported a unique potentiated combination (TriCurin) of curcumin (C) with two other polyphenols. The TriCurin-associated C displays an IC50 in the low micromolar range for cultured HPV+ TC-1 cells. In contrast, because of rapid degradation in vivo, the TriCurin-associated C reaches only low nano-molar concentrations in the plasma, which are sub-lethal to tumor cells. Yet, injected TriCurin causes a dramatic suppression of tumors in TC-1 cell-implanted mice (TC-1 mice) and xenografts of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) cells in nude/nude mice. Here, we use the TC-1 mice to test our hypothesis that a major part of the anti-tumor activity of TriCurin is evoked by innate and adaptive immune responses. TriCurin injection repolarized arginase1high (ARG1high), IL10high, inducible nitric oxide synthaselow (iNOSlow), IL12low M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) into ARG1low, IL10low, iNOShigh, and IL12high M1-type TAM in HPV+ tumors. The M1 TAM displayed sharply suppressed STAT3 and induced STAT1 and NF-kB(p65). STAT1 and NF-kB(p65) function synergistically to induce iNOS and IL12 transcription. Neutralizing IL12 signaling with an IL12 antibody abrogated TriCurin-induced intra-tumor entry of activated natural killer (NK) cells and Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), thereby confirming that IL12 triggers recruitment of NK cells and CTL. These activated NK cells and CTL join the M1 TAM to elicit apoptosis of the E6+ tumor cells. Corroboratively, neutralizing IL12 signaling partially reversed this TriCurin-mediated apoptosis. Thus, injected TriCurin elicits an M2→M1 switch in TAM, accompanied by IL12-dependent intra-tumor recruitment of NK cells and CTL and elimination of cancer cells.

PMID: 29453519 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2BAUzSw

Basal Cell Carcinoma in Cases with or without Xeroderma Pigmentosum.

Basal Cell Carcinoma in Cases with or without Xeroderma Pigmentosum.

JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2017 Oct-Dec;56(208):432-437

Authors: Ghartimagar D, Ghosh A, Shrestha SR, Shrestha S, Thapa S, Narasimhan R, Talwar OP

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of cancer in humans and comprises the vast majority of skin cancers. It predominantly affects fair-skinned individuals, and its incidence is rapidly increasing. The objective of the study is to identify the epidemiology, its topography and different histological subtypes of basal cell carcinoma in patients with or without Xeroderma Pigmentosum.
METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara from Jan 2009 to Dec 2016. Ethical approval was taken from MEMG/IRC/GA. The study included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma irrespective of their age and sex.
RESULTS: This study showed 77 individuals with 91 biopsies of BCC including 5 cases of Xeroderma Pigmentosum. The predominant histological subtype was nodular with 41 (53.94%) cases, followed by the 14 (18.42%) cases of pigmented and 10 (13.15%) cases baso-squamous subtype. The most frequent sites of involvement were the head and neck, with predominance in the nasal and orbital region. The mean age was 57.68 years but the basal cell carcinoma in cases of Xeroderma Pigmentosum was seen more in younger age groups. There were 43 (55.84 %) male patients and 34 (44.16 %) female patients with a male to female ratio of 1.26:1.
CONCLUSIONS: Nodular and pigmented varieties were the most frequent subtypes with nose being the commonest site of involvement. Basal cell carcinomas in cases of Xeroderma Pigmentosum were noted in younger age group with multiple lesions.

PMID: 29453475 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2C5afPc

Recurrent epistaxis leading to diagnosis of primary sinonasal melanoma.

Recurrent epistaxis leading to diagnosis of primary sinonasal melanoma.

BMJ Case Rep. 2018 Feb 16;2018:

Authors: Tawagi K, Akaraz-Avedissian R, Burman-Solovyeva I

Abstract
A 48-year-old man presented to urgent care with recurrent epistaxis over 6 months. Initially, nosebleeds were controlled with packing or cautery. Ultimately, he was referred to ear, nose and throat department and underwent nasal endoscopy which revealed polypoid tissue. A biopsy of the polyp showed non-specific inflammation with no evidence of malignancy. Follow-up maxillofacial CT revealed a large mass lesion in the right maxillary sinus, right nasal fossa, much of the ethmoids and right sphenoid, with destruction of adjacent bony structures. MRI revealed a mass in the right nasal cavity with extension into the ethmoid and anterior sphenoid sinus, anterior cranial fossa and medial orbits. Staging CT discovered metastatic disease in the adrenal glands and lymphadenopathy in the neck. The patient underwent endoscopic sinus surgery with debulking and tissue diagnosis of malignant melanoma. He completed radiation therapy to sinus and was subsequently enrolled in a clinical trial. Most recent imaging revealed complete metabolic response on positron emission tomography.

PMID: 29453209 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2BBZ7s3

Mutation of IFNLR1, an interferon lambda receptor 1, is associated with autosomal-dominant non-syndromic hearing loss.

Mutation of IFNLR1, an interferon lambda receptor 1, is associated with autosomal-dominant non-syndromic hearing loss.

J Med Genet. 2018 Feb 16;:

Authors: Gao X, Yuan YY, Lin QF, Xu JC, Wang WQ, Qiao YH, Kang DY, Bai D, Xin F, Huang SS, Qiu SW, Guan LP, Su Y, Wang GJ, Han MY, Jiang Y, Liu HK, Dai P

Abstract
Background Hereditary sensorineural hearing loss is a genetically heterogeneous disorder.Objectives This study was designed to explore the genetic etiology of deafness in a large Chinese family with autosomal dominant, nonsyndromic, progressive sensorineural hearing loss (ADNSHL).Methods Whole exome sequencing and linkage analysis were performed to identify pathogenic mutation. Inner ear expression of Ifnlr1 was investigated by immunostaining in mice. ifnlr1 Morpholino knockdown Zebrafish were constructed to explore the deafness mechanism.Results We identified a cosegregating heterozygous missense mutation, c.296G>A (p.Arg99His) in the gene encoding interferon lambda receptor 1 (IFNLR1) - a protein that functions in the Jak/ STAT pathway- are associated with ADNSHL Morpholino knockdown of ifnlr1 leads to a significant decrease in hair cells and non-inflation of the swim bladder in late-stage zebrafish, which can be reversed by injection with normal Zebrafish ifnlr1 mRNA. Knockdown of ifnlr1 in zebrafish causes significant upregulation of cytokine receptor family member b4 (interleukin-10r2), jak1, tyrosine kinase 2, stat3, and stat5b in the Jak1/STAT3 pathway at the mRNA level.ConclusionIFNLR1 function is required in the auditory system and that IFNLR1 mutations are associated with ADNSHL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study implicating an interferon lambda receptor in auditory function.

PMID: 29453195 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2EApSzQ

Skull metastasis revealing a renal tumor: A case report and review of the literature.

Skull metastasis revealing a renal tumor: A case report and review of the literature.

Int J Surg Case Rep. 2018 Feb 10;43:56-60

Authors: Badri M, Gader G, Bahri K, Zammel I

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Renal cell carcinomas represent 85% of malignant renal tumors. Typically, the tumor remains asymptomatic a long time before the appearance of urologic clinical signs. In some cases, metastasis can precede the manifestations of the primary tumor. Different sites are potential metastatic localizations for renal tumors, including skull metastases who represent a very rare location.
CASE DESCRIPTION: We report the case of a 65-year-old man presented after the appearance of a skull mass. This tumefaction developed and had progressively grown up during 9 months. Neurological examination was normal. Brain imaging showed a soft tissue lesion in the left parietal bone with marked osteolysis. Peroperative was found a huge oval-shape hemorrhagic and firm mass associated with scalp invasion and bone destruction that was totally resected. Histopathology revealed renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Pelvic and abdominal CT scan was performed, revealing a large mass on the left kidney with irregular contours and poor definition. The patient was then transferred to urology where he underwent nephrectomy. The patient went then through adjuvant chemotherapy. Clinical and radiological follow up of 12 months did not bring to light tumor recurrence.
CONCLUSIONS: Although metastases to the head and neck occur infrequently, they should be considered when evaluating any unusual subcutaneous mass in the head and neck. RCC should not be discounted when sites as unlikely as the calvaria are evaluated. Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma is complex, and the optimal regimen for achieving a lasting response without severe toxicity has not yet been defined.

PMID: 29453166 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2BAyzat

Effects of AUT00063, a Kv3.1 channel modulator, on noise-induced hyperactivity in the dorsal cochlear nucleus.

Effects of AUT00063, a Kv3.1 channel modulator, on noise-induced hyperactivity in the dorsal cochlear nucleus.

Hear Res. 2018 Feb 07;361:36-44

Authors: Glait L, Fan W, Stillitano G, Sandridge S, Pilati N, Large C, Alvaro G, Kaltenbach JA

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test whether a Kv3 potassium channel modulator, AUT00063, has therapeutic potential for reversing noise-induced increases in spontaneous neural activity, a state that is widely believed to underlie noise-induced tinnitus. Recordings were conducted in noise exposed and control hamsters from dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) fusiform cells before and following intraperitoneal administration of AUT00063 (30 mg/kg). Fusiform cell spontaneous activity was increased in sound-exposed animals, approximating levels that were nearly 50% above those of controls. Administration of AUT00063 resulted in a powerful suppression of this hyperactivity. The first signs of this suppression began 13 min after AUT00063 administration, but activity continued to decline gradually until reaching a floor level which was approximately 60% of pre-drug baseline by 25 min after drug treatment. A similar suppressive effect of AUT00063 was observed in control animals, with onset of suppression first apparent at 13 min post-treatment, but continuing to decline toward a floor level that was 54% of pre-drug baseline and was reached 28 min after drug treatment. In contrast, no suppression of spontaneous activity was observed in animals given similar injections of vehicle (control) solution. The suppressive effect of AUT00063 was achieved without significantly altering heart rate and with minimal effects on response thresholds, supporting the interpretation that the reductions of hyperactivity were not a secondary consequence of a more general physiological suppression of the brain or auditory system. These findings suggest that Kv3 channel modulation may be an effective approach to suppressing spontaneous activity in the auditory system and may provide a future avenue for treatment of tinnitus resulting from exposure to intense sound.

PMID: 29453003 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2ECjUhG

Risk factors for platelet transfusion in glioblastoma surgery.

Risk factors for platelet transfusion in glioblastoma surgery.

J Clin Neurosci. 2018 Feb 13;:

Authors: Lagman C, Sheppard JP, Romiyo P, Nguyen T, Prashant GN, Nagasawa DT, Liau LM, Yang I

PMID: 29452964 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2BB49Vq

Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

! # Ola via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader

Η λίστα ιστολογίων μου

Κυριακή 18 Φεβρουαρίου 2018

Graphical abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Background

Materials and Methods

Results

Conclusion

Graphical abstract

Graphical abstract

Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου