Head and Neck Diseases by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis: 05/15/16

Κυριακή 15 Μαΐου 2016

Src/Syk/IRAK1-targeted anti-inflammatory action of Torreya nucifera butanol fraction in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 cells.

Src/Syk/IRAK1-targeted anti-inflammatory action of Torreya nucifera butanol fraction in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 cells.

J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 May 10;

Authors: Kim SH, Park JG, Hong YD, Kim E, Baik KS, Yoon DH, Kim S, Lee MN, Rho HS, Shin SS, Cho JY

Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Seed of Torreya nucifera (L.) Siebold & Zucc is used to treat several diseases in Asia. Reports document that T. nucifera has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative activities. In spite of numerous findings on its pharmacological effects, the understanding of the molecular inhibitory mechanisms of the plant remains to be studied. Therefore, we aimed to explore in vitro anti-inflammatory mechanisms of ethyl acetate fraction (Tn-EE-BF) prepared from the seed of T. nucifera in LPS-stimulated macrophage inflammatory responses.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this purpose, we measured nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Additionally, using RT-PCR, luciferase reporter gene assay, immunoblotting analysis, and kinase assay, the levels of inflammatory genes, transcription factors, and inflammatory signal-regulatory proteins were investigated. Finally, the constituent of Tn-EE-BF was identified using HPLC.
RESULTS: Tn-EE-BF inhibits NO and PGE2 production and also blocks mRNA levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in a dose dependent manner. Tn-EE-BF reduces nuclear levels of the transcriptional factors NF-κB (p65) and AP-1 (c-Jun and FRA-1). Surprisingly, we found that Tn-EE-BF inhibits phosphorylation levels of Src and Syk in the NF-κB pathway, as well as, IRAK1 at the protein level, part of the AP-1 pathway. By kinase assay, we confirmed that Src, Syk, and IRAK1 are suppressed directly. HPLC analysis indicates that arctigenin, amentoflavone, and quercetin may be active components with anti-inflammatory activities.
CONCLUSION: Tn-EE-BF exhibits anti-inflammatory activities by direct inhibition of Src/Syk/NF-κB and IRAK1/AP-1.

PMID: 27178629 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Enhanced allergic responsiveness after early childhood infection with respiratory viruses: are long-lived alternatively-activated macrophages the missing link?

Enhanced allergic responsiveness after early childhood infection with respiratory viruses: are long-lived alternatively-activated macrophages the missing link?

Pathog Dis. 2016 May 12;

Authors: Keegan AD, Shirey KA, Bagdure D, Blanco J, Viscardi RM, Vogel SN

Abstract
Early childhood infection with respiratory viruses, including human rhinovirus (HRV), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), and influenza, is associated with an increased risk of allergic asthma and severe exacerbation of ongoing disease. Despite the long recognition of this relationship, the mechanism linking viral infection and later susceptibility to allergic lung inflammation is still poorly understood. We discuss the literature and provide new evidence demonstrating that these viruses induce the alternative activation of macrophages. Alternatively-activated macrophages (AAM) induced by RSV or influenza infection persisted in the lungs of mice up to 90 days after initial viral infection. SEVERAL: studies suggest that AAM contribute to allergic inflammatory responses, ALTHOUGH THEIR MECHANISM OF ACTION IS UNCLEAR IN THIS COMMENTARY: , we propose that virus-induced AAM provide a link between viral infection and enhanced responses to inhaled allergens.

PMID: 27178560 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The DNA Structure-Specific Endonuclease MUS81 Mediates DNA Sensor STING-Dependent Host Rejection of Prostate Cancer Cells.

The DNA Structure-Specific Endonuclease MUS81 Mediates DNA Sensor STING-Dependent Host Rejection of Prostate Cancer Cells.

Immunity. 2016 May 9;

Authors: Ho SS, Zhang WY, Tan NY, Khatoo M, Suter MA, Tripathi S, Cheung FS, Lim WK, Tan PH, Ngeow J, Gasser S

Abstract
Self-DNA is present in the cytosol of many cancer cells and can promote effective immune rejection of tumor cells, but the mechanisms leading to the presence of cytosolic DNA are unknown. Here, we report that the cleavage of genomic DNA by DNA structure-specific endonuclease MUS81 and PARP-dependent DNA repair pathways leads to the accumulation of cytosolic DNA in prostate cancer cells. The number of nuclear MUS81 foci and the amount of cytosolic dsDNA increased in tandem from hyperplasia to clinical stage II prostate cancers and decreased at stage III. Cytosolic DNA generated by MUS81 stimulated DNA sensor STING-dependent type I interferon (IFN) expression and promoted phagocytic and T cell responses, resulting in type I and II IFN-mediated rejection of prostate tumor cells via mechanisms that partly depended on macrophages. Our results demonstrate that the tumor suppressor MUS81 alerts the immune system to the presence of transformed host cells.

PMID: 27178469 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The phospholipase A2 activity of peroxiredoxin 6 modulates NADPH oxidase 2 activation via lysophosphatidic acid receptor signaling in the pulmonary endothelium and alveolar macrophages.

The phospholipase A2 activity of peroxiredoxin 6 modulates NADPH oxidase 2 activation via lysophosphatidic acid receptor signaling in the pulmonary endothelium and alveolar macrophages.

FASEB J. 2016 May 13;

Authors: Vázquez-Medina JP, Dodia C, Weng L, Mesaros C, Blair IA, Feinstein SI, Chatterjee S, Fisher AB

Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is essential for activation of NADPH oxidase type 2 (NOX2) in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs), alveolar macrophages (AMs), and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Angiotensin II and phorbol ester increased superoxide/H2O2 generation in PMVECs, AMs, and isolated lungs from wild-type (WT) mice, but had much less effect on cells or lungs from Prdx6-null or Prdx6-D140A knockin mice that lack the phospholipase A2 activity (PLA2) of Prdx6; addition of either lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) or lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to cells restored their oxidant generation. The generation of LPC by PMVECs required Prdx6-PLA2 We propose that Prdx6-PLA2 modulates NOX2 activation by generation of LPC that is converted to LPA by the lysophospholipase D activity of autotaxin (ATX/lysoPLD). Inhibition of lysoPLD with HA130 (cells,10 μM; lungs, 20 μM; IC50, 29 nM) decreased agonist-induced oxidant generation. LPA stimulates pathways regulated by small GTPases through binding to G protein-coupled receptors (LPARs). The LPAR blocker Ki16425 (cells, 10 μM; lungs, 25 μM; Ki, 0.34 μM) or cellular knockdown of LPAR type 1 decreased oxidant generation and blocked translocation of rac1 to plasma membrane. Thus, Prdx6-PLA2 modulates NOX2 activation through generation of LPC for conversion to LPA; binding of LPA to LPAR1 signals rac activation.-Vázquez-Medina, J. P., Dodia, C., Weng, L., Mesaros, C., Blair, I. A., Feinstein, S. I., Chatterjee, S., Fisher, A. B. The phospholipase A2 activity of peroxiredoxin 6 modulates NADPH oxidase 2 activation via lysophosphatidic acid receptor signaling in the pulmonary endothelium and alveolar macrophages.

PMID: 27178323 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Natural nitric oxide (NO) inhibitors from Chloranthus japonicus.

Natural nitric oxide (NO) inhibitors from Chloranthus japonicus.

Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2016 Apr 29;

Authors: Guo YQ, Zhao JJ, Li ZZ, Tang GH, Zhao ZM, Yin S

Abstract
Eight new lindenane sesquiterpenoid dimers, chlojapolides A-H (1-8), along with 11 known analogues were isolated from the whole plant of Chloranthus japonicus. Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated by spectral and chemical methods. All the compounds were examined for their inhibitory effects on the nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and compounds 1, 11, 13, and 17 exhibited pronounced inhibition with IC50 values in the range of 6.91-15.75μM, being more active than the positive control, quercetin (IC50=15.90μM).

PMID: 27177824 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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LL37:DNA complexes provide antimicrobial activity against intracellular bacteria in human macrophages.

LL37:DNA complexes provide antimicrobial activity against intracellular bacteria in human macrophages.

Immunology. 2016 May 14;

Authors: Stephan A, Batinica M, Steiger J, Hartmann P, Zaucke F, Bloch W, Fabri M

Abstract
As part of the innate host response neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), protein:DNA complexes that contain a number of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as cathelicidin. Human cathelicidin in its active form, LL37, has potent antimicrobial activity against bacteria. However, whether LL37 derived from NETs contributes to antimicrobial activity against intracellular pathogens remains unclear. Here, we report that NETs induced by mycobacteria contain cathelicidin. Human macrophages internalized NET-bound cathelicidin, which is transported to lysosomal compartments. Furthermore, using a model of in vitro-generated LL37:DNA complexes we found that LL37 derived from such complexes attacks mycobacteria in macrophage phagolysosomes resulting in antimicrobial activity. Taken together, our results suggest a mechanism, by which LL37 in complex with DNA contributes to host defense against intracellular bacteria in human macrophages. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 27177697 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Fractionation, physicochemical property and immunological activity of polysaccharides from Cassia obtusifolia.

Fractionation, physicochemical property and immunological activity of polysaccharides from Cassia obtusifolia.

Int J Biol Macromol. 2016 May 10;

Authors: Feng L, Yin J, Nie S, Wan Y, Xie M

Abstract
The seeds of Cassia obtusifolia are widely used as a drink in Asia and an additive in food industry. Considerable amounts of water-soluble polysaccharides were found in the whole seeds, while conflicting results on structure characteristics have been reported, and few studies have been reported on physicochemical properties and immunomodulatory activities. In the present study, gradient ethanol precipitation was applied to fractionate the water-soluble polysaccharide (CP), and two sub-fractions CP-30 (30% ethanol precipitate) and CP-40 (40% ethanol precipitate) were obtained. Different rheological properties for CP-30 and CP-40 were found, indicating the differences in structure characteristics between CP-30 and CP-40. Chemical properties, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and glycosidic linkage were investigated. Compared with CP-30, CP-40 had lower molecular weight and higher content of xylose. The immunomodulatory effects of CP, CP-30 and CP-40 were assessed. All of them were found to possess significant immunomodulation activities, while varied effects of them on macrophage functions were observed. The aim of the present study was to develop a simple and efficient method to purify cassia polysaccharides, and investigate their physicochemical properties and biological activities, which was meaningful for their potential use in food industry and folk medicine.

PMID: 27177462 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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In Vitro Susceptibility of Leishmania infantum to Artemisinin Derivatives and Selected Trioxolanes.

In Vitro Susceptibility of Leishmania infantum to Artemisinin Derivatives and Selected Trioxolanes.

Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Aug;59(8):5032-5

Authors: Cortes S, Albuquerque A, Cabral LI, Lopes L, Campino L, Cristiano ML

Abstract
Leishmaniasis is among the world's most neglected diseases. Currently available drugs for treatment present drawbacks, urging the need for more effective, safer, and cheaper drugs. A small library of artemisinin-derived trioxanes and synthetic trioxolanes was tested against promastigote and intramacrophage amastigote forms of Leishmania infantum. The trioxolanes LC50 and LC95 presented the best activity and safety profiles, showing potential for further studies in the context of leishmanial therapy. Our results indicate that the compounds tested exhibit peroxide-dependent activity.

PMID: 26014947 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Improvement of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by IL-4 inhibition of P14 protein isolated from Lactobacillus casei in NC/Nga mice.

http:--production.springer.de-OnlineReso

Improvement of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by IL-4 inhibition of P14 protein isolated from Lactobacillus casei in NC/Nga mice.

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2015 Sep;99(17):7089-99

Authors: Kim MS, Kim JE, Yoon YS, Kim TH, Seo JG, Chung MJ, Yum DY

Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, with a complex etiology encompassing immunologic responses. AD is frequently associated with elevated serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels and is exacerbated by a variety of environmental factors, which contribute to its pathogenesis. However, the etiology of AD remains unknown. Recently, reports have documented the role of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the treatment and prevention of AD in humans and mice. The LAB, Lactobacillus casei (LC), is frequently used in the treatment of AD. To identify the active component of LC, we screened fractions obtained from the ion exchange chromatography of LC extracts. Using this approach, we identified the candidate protein, P14. We examined whether the P14 protein has anti-atopic properties, using both in vitro and in vivo models. Our results showed that the P14 protein selectively downregulated serum IgE and interleukin-4 cytokine levels, as well as the AD index and scratching score in AD-like NC/Nga mice. In addition, histological examination was also effective in mice. These results suggest that the P14 protein has potential therapeutic effects and that it may also serve as an effective immunomodulatory agent for treating patients with AD.

PMID: 25687448 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumour of the fourth ventricle: case report and review of the literature.

Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumour of the fourth ventricle: case report and review of the literature.

Folia Neuropathol. 2016;54(1):80-87

Authors: Hakan T, Aker FV

Abstract
Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumour (RGNT) of the fourth ventricle is one of the newly described primary tumours of the central nervous system. These tumours have two components of both neurocytic and glial areas but usually the glial component of the tumour predominates. They have biphasic cytoarchitecture with two elements; neurocytic rosettes resembling Homer-Wright rosettes, and astrocytic component resembling a pilocytic astrocytoma. They are low-grade tumours with lack of histopathological signs of malignancy. Here, clinical, magnetic resonance, computed tomography (CT) and pathological features of rosette-forming glioneuronal tumour of posterior fossa are presented. A 29-year-man was admitted with an acute neurological deterioration. A three ventricular hydrocephalus and a hypo-density around vermis in the posterior fossa were seen in his CT scans. He did well after an emergency external ventricular drainage. He had an elective operation and a mass that was reported to be a rosette-forming glioneuronal tumour of the fourth ventricle was excised.

PMID: 27179225 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Impacts of Nonsynonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Adiponectin Receptor 1 Gene on Corresponding Protein Stability: A Computational Approach

Despite the reported association of adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) gene mutations with vulnerability to several human metabolic diseases, there is lack of computational analysis on the functional and structural impacts of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the human ADIPOR1 at protein level. Therefore, sequence- and structure-based computational tools were employed in this study to functionally and structurally characterize the coding nsSNPs of ADIPOR1 gene listed in the dbSNP database. Our in silico analysis by SIFT, nsSNPAnalyzer, PolyPhen-2, Fathmm, I-Mutant 2.0, SNPs&GO, PhD-SNP, PANTHER, and SNPeffect tools identified the nsSNPs with distorting functional impacts, namely, rs765425383 (A348G), rs752071352 (H341Y), rs759555652 (R324L), rs200326086 (L224F), and rs766267373 (L143P) from 74 nsSNPs of ADIPOR1 gene. Finally the aforementioned five deleterious nsSNPs were introduced using Swiss-PDB Viewer package within the X-ray crystal structure of ADIPOR1 protein, and changes in free energy for these mutations were computed. Although increased free energy was observed for all the mutants, the nsSNP H341Y caused the highest energy increase amongst all. RMSD and TM scores predicted that mutants were structurally similar to wild type protein. Our analyses suggested that the aforementioned variants especially H341Y could directly or indirectly destabilize the amino acid interactions and hydrogen bonding networks of ADIPOR1.

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Simultaneous Minimally Invasive Treatment of Colorectal Neoplasm with Synchronous Liver Metastasis

Purpose. To analyse perioperative and oncological outcomes of minimally invasive simultaneous resection of primary colorectal neoplasm with synchronous liver metastases. Methods. A Medline revision of the current published literature on laparoscopic and robotic-assisted combined colectomy with hepatectomy for synchronous liver metastatic colorectal neoplasm was performed until February 2015. The specific search terms were "liver metastases", "hepatic metastases", "colorectal", "colon", "rectal", "minimally invasive", "laparoscopy", "robotic-assisted", "robotic colorectal and liver resection", "synchronous", and "simultaneous". Results. 20 clinical reports including 150 patients who underwent minimally invasive one-stage procedure were retrospectively analysed. No randomized trials were found. The approach was laparoscopic in 139 patients (92.7%) and robotic in 11 cases (7.3%). The rectum was the most resected site of primary neoplasm (52.7%) and combined liver procedure was in 89% of cases a minor liver resection. One patient (0.7%) required conversion to open surgery. The overall morbidity and mortality rate were 18% and 1.3%, respectively. The most common complication was colorectal anastomotic leakage. Data concerning oncologic outcomes were too heterogeneous in order to gather definitive results. Conclusion. Although no prospective randomized trials are available, one-stage minimally invasive approach seems to show advantages over conventional surgery in terms of postoperative short-term course. On the contrary, more studies are required to define the oncologic values of the minimally invasive combined treatment.

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Efficacy of Elective Neck Dissection in T1/T2N0M0 Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Population-Based Analysis.

Efficacy of Elective Neck Dissection in T1/T2N0M0 Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Population-Based Analysis.

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 May 10;

Authors: Patel TD, Vázquez A, Marchiano E, Sanghvi S, Eloy JA, Baredes S, Park RC

Abstract
OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this population-based study is to analyze the survival benefits of elective neck dissection (END) over neck observation in T1/T2N0M0 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OT-SCC) cases.
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective administrative database analysis.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The SEER database (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) was queried for patients diagnosed with T1/T2N0M0 OT-SCC from 1998 to 2011. Data included patient demographics, initial treatment, and survival outcomes. The Kaplan-Meier model and the Cox proportional hazards model were utilized for survival analysis.
RESULTS: Out of 7010 T1/T2N0M0 cases, END was performed in 1770 T1 and 950 T2 cases, and the neck was observed in 3278 T1 and 1001 T2 cases. Significantly poorer 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were noted for the neck observation group when compared with the END group for tumors with moderately differentiated (72.1% vs 86%, P < .0001) and poorly differentiated or undifferentiated (55.6% vs 71.5%, P = .0001) histologic grades. No significant survival benefit was seen between the END group and the neck observation group when tumor size was <1 cm, regardless of histology grade. However, those with tumors >1 cm had a significantly better 5-year DSS with END, except for the well-differentiated tumor cohort, which showed improved survival only when the tumors were >2 cm (5-year DSS: END vs neck observation, 83.5% vs 65.7%, P = .0002).
CONCLUSION: END improves DSS versus neck observation in T1/T2N0M0 OT-SCC patients with moderately differentiated, poorly differentiated, or undifferentiated histologic grade tumors >1 cm. Those with well-differentiated tumors benefited from END only when tumor size was >2 cm.

PMID: 27165672 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Endoscopic Resection of Sinonasal Malignancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Endoscopic Resection of Sinonasal Malignancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 May 10;

Authors: Rawal RB, Farzal Z, Federspiel JJ, Sreenath SB, Thorp BD, Zanation AM

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The use of endoscopic approaches for sinonasal malignancy resection has increased, but survival data are limited secondary to disease rarity and new surgical technique. Here we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of endoscopic endonasal resection of sinonasal malignancy.
DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, PubMed Central, NCBI Bookshelf, Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, National Guideline Clearinghouse.
REVIEW METHODS: PRISMA/MOOSE guidelines were followed. MeSH terms were "endoscopic" AND ("esthesioneuroblastoma" OR "sinonasal adenocarcinoma" OR "squamous cell carcinoma" OR "sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma"). For studies in which individual-level data were available, results were obtained by direct pooling. For studies in which only summary Kaplan-Meier curves were available, numerical data were extracted, traced, and aggregated by fitting a Weibull model.
RESULTS: Of 320 studies identified, 35 case series were included (n = 952 patients), with 15 studies analyzed via aggregate modeling and 20 studies analyzed via direct pooling. Two- and 5-year survival rates for patients in aggregate modeling were 87.5% and 72.3%, respectively (mean follow-up: 32.9 months). Two- and 5-year survival for patients in direct pooling were 85.8% and 83.5%, respectively (mean follow-up: 43.0 ± 19.5 months). Significant overall survival difference was found between low- and high-grade cancers (P = .015) but not between low- and high-stage cancers (P = .79).
CONCLUSION: Overall 2- and 5-year survival rates are comparable and sometimes greater than those from open craniofacial resection. Survival rates significantly differ by cancer grade but not stage. Journals and investigators should be encouraged to publish retrospective and prospective case series with staged survival updates based on established guidelines.

PMID: 27165676 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Predictors of Failed and Delayed Decannulation after Head and Neck Surgery.

Predictors of Failed and Delayed Decannulation after Head and Neck Surgery.

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 May 10;

Authors: Isaac A, Zhang H, Varshney S, Hamilton S, Harris JR, O'Connell DA, Biron VL, Seikaly H

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the variables that are predictive of failed decannulation (FD), delayed decannulation (DD), and days to decannulation in patients who underwent head and neck cancer resection with free tissue transfer reconstruction for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
DESIGN: Case series with chart review.
SETTING: Tertiary care otolaryngology-head and neck surgery referral center.
SUBJECT AND METHODS: Patients (N = 108) were included who underwent head and neck cancer resection with free tissue transfer reconstruction and tracheostomy between 2011 and June 2014. Patients with laryngectomy, previous tracheostomy, and other airway pathology necessitating tracheotomy were excluded. Preoperative patient variables and cancer site/staging variables were analyzed, as well as extent of structures resected and type of reconstruction. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to determine predictors of FD and DD. Cox regression analysis was used to determine predictors of days to decannulation.
RESULTS: Of the 108 included patients, 16 had FD, and 26 had DD. Univariate analysis demonstrated that advanced stage (r = 0.233, P = .021), total glossectomy (r = 0.924, P < .001), anterolateral thigh flap reconstruction (r = 0.906, P < .001), smoking at time of surgery (r = 0.319, P = .002), and pack years (r = 0.322, P = .001) were associated with FD. Cox regression analysis showed that total glossectomy, exp(B) = 15.837 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.949-128.679); anterolateral thigh flap reconstruction, exp(B) = 8.439 (95% CI: 2.435-29.620); and smoking status, exp(B) = 2.970 (95% CI: 1.617-5.456) were independent predictors of days to decannulation and FD.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with total glossectomy defects and those who continue to smoke are at increased risk for FD and DD. Aggressive smoking cessation programs may decrease the risk of FD and DD. Patients should be counseled about their risk profiles.

PMID: 27165678 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Functional Outcomes after Salvage Transoral Laser Microsurgery for Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Functional Outcomes after Salvage Transoral Laser Microsurgery for Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 May 10;

Authors: Fink DS, Sibley H, Kunduk M, Schexnaildre M, Sutton C, Kakade-Pawar A, McWhorter AJ

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) has been increasingly used in lieu of total laryngectomy to treat malignancy after definitive radiation. There are few data in the literature regarding functional outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed voice and swallowing outcomes in patients who underwent TLM for recurrent laryngeal carcinoma.
STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review.
SETTING: Tertiary care center.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-two patients were identified with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx after definitive radiation therapy from 2001 to 2013: 28 patients with glottic recurrence and 14 with supraglottic recurrence. Swallowing outcomes were evaluated by gastrostomy tube dependence, the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory, and the Functional Oral Intake Scale. Voice outcomes were evaluated by the Voice Handicap Index and observer-rated perceptual analysis.
RESULTS: No significant difference was noted between mean pre- and postoperative MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory scores: 78.25 and 74.9, respectively (P = .118, t = 1.6955). Mean Functional Oral Intake Scale scores after TLM for supraglottic and glottic recurrences were 6.4 and 6.6, respectively. Of 42 patients, 17 (40.5%) required a gastrostomy tube either during radiation or in conjunction with the salvage procedure. Of 17 patients, 15 resumed sufficient oral diet for tube removal. Patients' mean Voice Handicap Index score did increase from 34.3 to 51.5 (P = .047), and their mean perceptual score did decrease from 60.0 to 45.3 (P = .005). However, at 1-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in perceptual score: 61.1 to 57.1 (P = .722).
CONCLUSIONS: TLM is a successful surgical option for recurrent laryngeal cancer with acceptable functional outcomes.

PMID: 27165684 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Horizontal Sound Localization in Cochlear Implant Users with a Contralateral Hearing Aid.

Horizontal Sound Localization in Cochlear Implant Users with a Contralateral Hearing Aid.

Hear Res. 2016 May 10;

Authors: Veugen LC, Hendrikse MM, van Wanrooij MM, Agterberg MJ, Chalupper J, Mens LH, Snik AF, John van Opstal A

Abstract
Interaural differences in sound arrival time (ITD) and in level (ILD) enable us to localize sounds in the horizontal plane, and can support source segregation and speech understanding in noisy environments. It is uncertain whether these cues are also available to hearing-impaired listeners who are bimodally fitted, i.e. with a cochlear implant (CI) and a contralateral hearing aid (HA). Here, we assessed sound localization behavior of fourteen bimodal listeners, all using the same Phonak HA and an Advanced Bionics CI processor, matched with respect to loudness growth. We aimed to determine the availability and contribution of binaural (ILDs, temporal fine structure and envelope ITDs) and monaural (loudness, spectral) cues to horizontal sound localization in bimodal listeners, by systematically varying the frequency band, level and envelope of the stimuli. The sound bandwidth had a strong effect on the localization bias of bimodal listeners, although localization performance was typically poor for all conditions. Responses could be systematically changed by adjusting the frequency range of the stimulus, or by simply switching the HA and CI on and off. Localization responses were largely biased to one side, typically the CI side for broadband and high-pass filtered sounds, and occasionally to the HA side for low-pass filtered sounds.. HA-aided thresholds better than 45 dB HL in the frequency range of the stimulus appeared to be a prerequisite, but not a guarantee, for the ability to indicate sound source direction. We argue that bimodal sound localization is likely based on ILD cues, even at frequencies below 1500 Hz for which the natural ILDs are small. These cues are typically perturbed in bimodal listeners, leading to a biased localization percept of sounds. The high accuracy of some listeners could result from a combination of sufficient spectral overlap and loudness balance in bimodal hearing.

PMID: 27178443 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Horizontal Sound Localization in Cochlear Implant Users with a Contralateral Hearing Aid.

Horizontal Sound Localization in Cochlear Implant Users with a Contralateral Hearing Aid.

Hear Res. 2016 May 10;

Authors: Veugen LC, Hendrikse MM, van Wanrooij MM, Agterberg MJ, Chalupper J, Mens LH, Snik AF, John van Opstal A

PMID: 27178443 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Surgical Anatomy of the Pyramidal Lobe (Lobe of Lalouette): A Tertiary Care Cancer Centre Experience.

Surgical Anatomy of the Pyramidal Lobe (Lobe of Lalouette): A Tertiary Care Cancer Centre Experience.

Int J Surg. 2016 May 10;

Authors: Irawati N, Vaish R, Chaukar D, Deshmukh A, D'Cruz A

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: To study the characteristics of pyramidal lobe (PL) in cancer patients with emphasis on its involvement in patients subjected to thyroidectomy at a tertiary care cancer centre.
METHODS: Retrospective review of prospectively maintained data of 103 patients (33 males and 70 females) who underwent thyroidectomy from January 1(st) 2011 - August 31(st) 2013. Surgery was performed by single surgeon, findings recorded by the lead author and all measurements taken with specimen in situ prior to mobilization of thyroid gland with intact anatomy. Thyroid specimens were examined for presence, location, length and histology of PL.
RESULTS: PL was identified in 38 (36.89%) of patients. PL was commoner on left 27 (71.05%) compared to 11 (28.95%) on right side. The frequency of PL was higher in males 51.51% compared to females 30%. The length varied from 4 to 35 mm. The mean length was 18.0±12.4 mm. In 10.53% cases PL contained deposits of papillary carcinoma of thyroid.
DISCUSSION: Meticulous clearance of disease is of utmost importance in thyroid cancer surgery in order to prevent recurrence and ensure reliable follow up with serum thyroglobulin. PL is a common site of residual thyroid tissue which if involved by cancer can be a cause of local recurrence.
CONCLUSIONS: PL is a well established entity which is present in over one third of patients. Efforts should be made to identify PL during surgery given its bearing on the management of thyroid carcinoma as one third of these will be site of multifocal papillary carcinoma.

PMID: 27177982 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Weekly variation in health-care quality by day and time of admission: a nationwide, registry-based, prospective cohort study of acute stroke care.

Weekly variation in health-care quality by day and time of admission: a nationwide, registry-based, prospective cohort study of acute stroke care.

Lancet. 2016 May 10;

Authors: Bray BD, Cloud GC, James MA, Hemingway H, Paley L, Stewart K, Tyrrell PJ, Wolfe CD, Rudd AG, SSNAP collaboration

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies in many health systems have shown evidence of poorer quality health care for patients admitted on weekends or overnight than for those admitted during the week (the so-called weekend effect). We postulated that variation in quality was dependent on not only day, but also time, of admission, and aimed to describe the pattern and magnitude of variation in the quality of acute stroke care across the entire week.
METHODS: We did this nationwide, registry-based, prospective cohort study using data from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme. We included all adult patients (aged >16 years) admitted to hospital with acute stroke (ischaemic or primary intracerebral haemorrhage) in England and Wales between April 1, 2013, and March 31, 2014. Our outcome measure was 30 day post-admission survival. We estimated adjusted odds ratios for 13 indicators of acute stroke-care quality by fitting multilevel multivariable regression models across 42 4-h time periods per week.
FINDINGS: The study cohort comprised 74 307 patients with acute stroke admitted to 199 hospitals. Care quality varied across the entire week, not only between weekends and weekdays, with different quality measures showing different patterns and magnitudes of temporal variation. We identified four patterns of variation: a diurnal pattern (thrombolysis, brain scan within 12 h, brain scan within 1 h, dysphagia screening), a day of the week pattern (stroke physician assessment, nurse assessment, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and assessment of communication and swallowing by a sleep and language therapist), an off-hours pattern (door-to-needle time for thrombolysis), and a flow pattern whereby quality changed sequentially across days (stroke-unit admission within 4 h). The largest magnitude of variation was for door-to-needle time within 60 min (range in quality 35-66% [16/46-232/350]; coefficient of variation 18·2). There was no difference in 30 day survival between weekends and weekdays (adjusted odds ratio 1·03, 95% CI 0·95-1·13), but patients admitted overnight on weekdays had lower odds of survival (0·90, 0·82-0·99).
INTERPRETATION: The weekend effect is a simplification, and just one of several patterns of weekly variation occurring in the quality of stroke care. Weekly variation should be further investigated in other health-care settings, and quality improvement should focus on reducing temporal variation in quality and not only the weekend effect.
FUNDING: None.

PMID: 27178477 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The price of robustness; impact of worst-case optimization on organ-at-risk dose and complication probability in intensity-modulated proton therapy for oropharyngeal cancer patients.

The price of robustness; impact of worst-case optimization on organ-at-risk dose and complication probability in intensity-modulated proton therapy for oropharyngeal cancer patients.

Radiother Oncol. 2016 May 10;

Authors: van de Water S, van Dam I, Schaart DR, Al-Mamgani A, Heijmen BJ, Hoogeman MS

Abstract
PURPOSE: To quantify the impact of the degree of robustness against setup errors and range errors on organ-at-risk (OAR) dose and normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCPs) in intensity-modulated proton therapy for oropharyngeal cancer patients.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: For 20 oropharyngeal cases (10 unilateral and 10 bilateral), robust treatment plans were generated using 'minimax' worst-case optimization. We varied the robustness against setup errors ('setup robustness') from 1 to 7mm and the robustness against range errors ('range robustness') from 1% to 7% (+1mm). We evaluated OAR doses and NTCP-values for xerostomia, dysphagia and larynx edema.
RESULTS: Varying the degree of setup robustness was found to have a considerably larger impact than varying the range robustness. Increasing setup robustness from 1mm to 3, 5, and 7mm resulted in average NTCP-values to increase by 1.9, 4.4 and 7.5 percentage point, whereas they increased by only 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 percentage point when increasing range robustness from 1% to 3%, 5% and 7%. The degree of setup robustness was observed to have a clinically significant impact in bilateral cases in particular.
CONCLUSIONS: For oropharyngeal cancer patients, minimizing setup errors should be given a higher priority than minimizing range errors.

PMID: 27178142 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Autophagy links β-catenin and Smad signaling to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition via upregulation of integrin linked kinase.

Autophagy links β-catenin and Smad signaling to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition via upregulation of integrin linked kinase.

Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2016 May 10;

Authors: Pang M, Wang H, Rao P, Zhao Y, Xie J, Cao Q, Wang Y, Wang YM, Lee VW, Alexander SI, Harris DC, Zheng G

Abstract
TGF-β1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and autophagy in a variety of cells. However, the role of autophagy in TGF-β1-induced EMT has not been clearly elucidated and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, we found that TGF-β1 induced both autophagy and EMT in mouse tubular epithelial C1.1 cells. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine or siRNA knockdown of Beclin 1 reduced TGF-β1-induced increase of vimentin and decreased E-cadherin expression. In contrast, rapamycin-associated enhancement of TGF-β1-induced autophagy increased EMT of C1.1 cells. Serum rescue inhibited autophagy followed by reversal of EMT. Blocking of autophagosome-lysosomal but not proteosomal degradation reduced the decrease of E-cadherin, demonstrating a role for autophagy in degradation of E-cadherin during EMT. Autophagy promoted the activation of Src and Src-associated phosphorylation of β-catenin at Y-654 leading to pY654-β-catenin/p-Smad2 complex formation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated binding by the pY654-β-catenin/p-Smad2 complex to ILK promoter thus increasing ILK expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TGF-β1-induced autophagy links β-catenin and Smad signaling to promote EMT in C1.1 cells through a novel pY654-β-catenin/p-Smad2/ILK pathway. The pathway delineated links disruption of E-cadherin/β-catenin-mediated cell-cell contact to induction of EMT via upregulation of ILK.

PMID: 27177845 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Exposure to 50Hz-sinusoidal electromagnetic field induces DNA damage-independent autophagy.

Exposure to 50Hz-sinusoidal electromagnetic field induces DNA damage-independent autophagy.

Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2016 May 10;

Authors: Shen Y, Xia R, Jiang H, Chen Y, Hong L, Yu Y, Xu Z, Zeng Q

Abstract
As electromagnetic field (EMF) is commonly encountered within our daily lives, the biological effects of EMF are of great concern. Autophagy is a key process for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and it can also reveal cellular responses to environmental stimuli. In this study, we aim to investigate the biological effects of a 50Hz-sinusoidal electromagnetic field on autophagy and we identified its mechanism of action in Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL) cells. CHL cells were exposed to a 50Hz sinusoidal EMF at 0.4 mT for 30minutes or 24hours. In this study, we found that a 0.4 mT EMF resulted in: i) an increase in LC3-II expression and increased autophagosome formation; ii) no significant difference in the incidence of γH2AX foci between the sham and exposure groups; iii) reorganized actin filaments and increased pseudopodial extensions without promoting cell migration; and iv) enhanced cell apoptosis when autophagy was blocked by Bafilomycin A1. These results implied that DNA damage was not directly involved in the autophagy induced by a 0.4 mT 50Hz EMF. In addition, an EMF induced autophagy balanced the cellular homeostasis to protect the cells from severe adverse biological consequences.

PMID: 27177844 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Increased Expression of Endocytosis-Related Proteins in Rat Hippocampus Following 10-Day Electroconvulsive Seizure Treatment.

Increased Expression of Endocytosis-Related Proteins in Rat Hippocampus Following 10-Day Electroconvulsive Seizure Treatment.

Neurosci Lett. 2016 May 10;

Authors: Enomoto S, Shimizu K, Nibuya M, Toda H, Yoshino A, Suzuki E, Kondo T, Fukuda H

Abstract
Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is clinically used for severe depression and drug-resistant Parkinson's disease, its exact biological background and mechanism have not yet been fully elucidated. Two potential explanations have been presented so far to explain the increased neuroplastic and resilient profiles of multiple ECT administrations. One is the alteration of central neurotransmitter receptor densities and the other is the expressional upregulation of brain derived neurotrophic factor in various brain regions with enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis and mossy fiber sprouting. In the present report, western blot analyses revealed significantly upregulated expression of various endocytosis-related proteins following 10-day electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) treatment in rat hippocampal homogenates and hippocampal lipid raft fractions extracted using an ultracentrifugation procedure. Upregulated proteins included endocytosis-related scaffolding proteins (caveolin-1, flotillin-1, and heavy and light chains of clathrin) and small GTPases (Rab5, Rab7, Rab11, and Rab4) specifically expressed on various types of endosomes. Two scaffolding proteins, caveolin-1 and flotillin-1, were also increased in the lipid raft fraction. Together with our previous finding of increased autophagy-related proteins in the hippocampal region, the present results suggest membrane trafficking machinery is enhanced following 10-day ECS treatment. We consider that the membrane trafficking machinery that transports functional proteins in the neuronal cells and from or into the synaptic membranes is one of the new candidates supporting the cellular and behavioral neuroplastic profiles of ECS treatments in animal experiments and ECT administrations in clinical settings.

PMID: 27177725 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Autophagy links β-catenin and Smad signaling to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition via upregulation of integrin linked kinase.

Autophagy links β-catenin and Smad signaling to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition via upregulation of integrin linked kinase.

Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2016 May 10;

Authors: Pang M, Wang H, Rao P, Zhao Y, Xie J, Cao Q, Wang Y, Wang YM, Lee VW, Alexander SI, Harris DC, Zheng G

PMID: 27177845 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Exposure to 50Hz-sinusoidal electromagnetic field induces DNA damage-independent autophagy.

Exposure to 50Hz-sinusoidal electromagnetic field induces DNA damage-independent autophagy.

Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2016 May 10;

Authors: Shen Y, Xia R, Jiang H, Chen Y, Hong L, Yu Y, Xu Z, Zeng Q

PMID: 27177844 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Increased Expression of Endocytosis-Related Proteins in Rat Hippocampus Following 10-Day Electroconvulsive Seizure Treatment.

Increased Expression of Endocytosis-Related Proteins in Rat Hippocampus Following 10-Day Electroconvulsive Seizure Treatment.

Neurosci Lett. 2016 May 10;

Authors: Enomoto S, Shimizu K, Nibuya M, Toda H, Yoshino A, Suzuki E, Kondo T, Fukuda H

PMID: 27177725 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Weekly variation in health-care quality by day and time of admission: a nationwide, registry-based, prospective cohort study of acute stroke care.

Weekly variation in health-care quality by day and time of admission: a nationwide, registry-based, prospective cohort study of acute stroke care.

Lancet. 2016 May 10;

Authors: Bray BD, Cloud GC, James MA, Hemingway H, Paley L, Stewart K, Tyrrell PJ, Wolfe CD, Rudd AG, SSNAP collaboration

PMID: 27178477 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The price of robustness; impact of worst-case optimization on organ-at-risk dose and complication probability in intensity-modulated proton therapy for oropharyngeal cancer patients.

The price of robustness; impact of worst-case optimization on organ-at-risk dose and complication probability in intensity-modulated proton therapy for oropharyngeal cancer patients.

Radiother Oncol. 2016 May 10;

Authors: van de Water S, van Dam I, Schaart DR, Al-Mamgani A, Heijmen BJ, Hoogeman MS

PMID: 27178142 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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2-Deoxy-d-glucose Suppresses the In Vivo Antitumor Efficacy of Erlotinib in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells.

2-Deoxy-d-glucose Suppresses the In Vivo Antitumor Efficacy of Erlotinib in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells.

Oncol Res. 2016;24(1):55-64

Authors: Sobhakumari A, Orcutt KP, Love-Homan L, Kowalski CE, Parsons AD, Knudson CM, Simons AL

Abstract
Poor tumor response to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is a significant challenge for effective treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Therefore, strategies that may increase tumor response to EGFR TKIs are warranted in order to improve HNSCC patient treatment and overall survival. HNSCC tumors are highly glycolytic, and increased EGFR signaling has been found to promote glucose metabolism through various mechanisms. We have previously shown that inhibition of glycolysis with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) significantly enhanced the antitumor effects of cisplatin and radiation, which are commonly used to treat HNSCC. The goal of the current studies is to determine if 2DG will enhance the antitumor activity of the EGFR TKI erlotinib in HNSCC. Erlotinib transiently suppressed glucose consumption accompanied by alterations in pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) expression. 2DG enhanced the cytotoxic effect of erlotinib in vitro but reversed the antitumor effect of erlotinib in vivo. 2DG altered the N-glycosylation status of EGFR and induced the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers CHOP and BiP in vitro. Additionally, the effects of 2DG + erlotinib on cytotoxicity and ER stress in vitro were reversed by mannose but not glucose or antioxidant enzymes. Lastly, the protective effect of 2DG on erlotinib-induced cytotoxicity in vivo was reversed by chloroquine. Altogether, 2DG suppressed the antitumor efficacy of erlotinib in a HNSCC xenograft mouse model, which may be due to increased cytoprotective autophagy mediated by ER stress activation.

PMID: 27178822 [PubMed - in process]

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Celebrating 35 Years of the AJNR: May 1981 edition.

Celebrating 35 Years of the AJNR: May 1981 edition.

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2016 May;37(5):976

Authors:

PMID: 27179034 [PubMed - in process]

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[In Process Citation].

[In Process Citation].

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2016 May;37(5):773

Authors: Yamada S

PMID: 27179033 [PubMed - in process]

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Creation of an NCI comparative brain tumor consortium: informing the translation of new knowledge from canine to human brain tumor patients.

Creation of an NCI comparative brain tumor consortium: informing the translation of new knowledge from canine to human brain tumor patients.

Neuro Oncol. 2016 May 14;

Authors: LeBlanc AK, Mazcko C, Brown DE, Koehler JW, Miller AD, Miller CR, Bentley RT, Packer RA, Breen M, Boudreau CE, Levine JM, Simpson RM, Halsey C, Kisseberth W, Rossmeisl JH, Dickinson PJ, Fan TM, Corps K, Aldape K, Puduvalli V, Pluhar GE, Gilbert MR

Abstract
On September 14-15, 2015, a meeting of clinicians and investigators in the fields of veterinary and human neuro-oncology, clinical trials, neuropathology, and drug development was convened at the National Institutes of Health campus in Bethesda, Maryland. This meeting served as the inaugural event launching a new consortium focused on improving the knowledge, development of, and access to naturally occurring canine brain cancer, specifically glioma, as a model for human disease. Within the meeting, a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) assessment was undertaken to critically evaluate the role that naturally occurring canine brain tumors could have in advancing this aspect of comparative oncology aimed at improving outcomes for dogs and human beings. A summary of this meeting and subsequent discussion are provided to inform the scientific and clinical community of the potential for this initiative. Canine and human comparisons represent an unprecedented opportunity to complement conventional brain tumor research paradigms, addressing a devastating disease for which innovative diagnostic and treatment strategies are clearly needed.

PMID: 27179361 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Effect of glottic geometry on breathing: three-dimensional unsteady numerical simulation of respiration in a case with congenital glottic web.

Effect of glottic geometry on breathing: three-dimensional unsteady numerical simulation of respiration in a case with congenital glottic web.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 May 13;

Authors: Gökcan MK, Günaydinoğlu E, Kurtuluş DF

Abstract
Glottic obstruction is a major cause of dyspnea. Without understanding the normal function of the glottis in breathing, treating dyspnea does not restore normal physiology. Therefore, we designed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model that tested the respiratory cycle in larynges with normal glottis and congenital glottic web (CGW). A CGW case and a control subject (CC) were selected from the computed tomography (CT) archive. 3D computational models of the larynges with structured boundary layer were constructed from axial CT images after mesh refinement study. CFD analyses were based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes approach. Incompressible flow solver (pressure-based) and SST k-w turbulence model were chosen for this study. To simulate a real-time breathing process, time varying flow rate boundary condition was derived from the spirometer of a healthy, non-smoking woman. Glottic areas were measured as 51.64 and 125.43 mm(2) for the CGW patient and CC, respectively. Time-dependent velocity contours and streamlines for the CC and CGW patient were drawn. The CC showed uniform flow, all through the inspiration and expiration phases. However, the CGW patient showed separation of flow at the glottis level, which caused areas of stagnation in the supraglottis (during expiration) and the subglottis and trachea (during inspiration). Specialized geometry of the normal larynx maintained uniform flow with low shear stress values on the wall even at high mass flow rates. Distortion of this geometry may cause obstruction of flow at multiple levels and, therefore, should be evaluated at multiple levels.

PMID: 27177730 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Celebrating 35 Years of the AJNR: May 1981 edition.

Celebrating 35 Years of the AJNR: May 1981 edition.

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2016 May;37(5):976

Authors:

PMID: 27179034 [PubMed - in process]

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[In Process Citation].

[In Process Citation].

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2016 May;37(5):773

Authors: Yamada S

PMID: 27179033 [PubMed - in process]

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Renal clear cell carcinoma metastasis to salivary glands - a series of 9 cases: clinico-pathological study.

Renal clear cell carcinoma metastasis to salivary glands - a series of 9 cases: clinico-pathological study.

Pol J Pathol. 2016;67(1):39-45

Authors: Majewska H, Skálová A, Radecka K, Stodulski D, Hyrcza M, Stankiewicz C, Biernat W

Abstract
Metastatic tumors involving salivary glands arising from the non-head and neck area are very rare. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is known for its high propensity for metastasis to unusual localizations. RCC metastasis to the maxillofacial area is an uncommon event (16%), but metastasis to salivary glands is extremely rare. We report a series of 9 such cases retrieved from two institutions. The group included 6 females and 3 males. The age at diagnosis ranged from 60 to 97 years (mean 72.6 years). The tumors involved the parotid gland in 7 cases, and the submandibular and small salivary gland of the oral cavity in 1 case each. The size of tumors ranged from 0.4 to 5 cm. Total parotidectomy with selective neck dissection was performed in 4 cases, while superficial parotidectomy was performed in 1 case and simple resection in 3 cases. Histologically, all the tumors were clear cell renal cell carcinomas, and therefore the differential diagnosis mainly included clear cell variants of salivary gland carcinomas. The parotid gland was the initial manifestation of renal malignancy in 4 of the cases, while in the remaining 5 cases a history of RCC had been known. The salivary gland involvement developed from 11 months to 13 years after the time of diagnosis of the primary tumor. In 2 cases it was the first site of dissemination. Pathologists need to maintain a high index of suspicion for the possibility of metastasis when confronted with oncocytic or clear cell neoplasms developing in salivary glands. RCC, although rare, should be included in this differential diagnosis.

PMID: 27179273 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Soft tissue sarcomas in skin: presentations and management.

Soft tissue sarcomas in skin: presentations and management.

Semin Oncol. 2016 Jun;43(3):413-8

Authors: Patt JC, Haines N

Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are a rare but heterogeneous family of malignant tumors that are predominantly found deep to the integumentary layer. Only a small number of these primary mesenchymal tumors actually originate from the dermal layers. A systematic approach to the evaluation and workup of these neoplasms can prevent inappropriate management. After staging evaluation, most of these tumors are primarily managed with en-bloc surgical resection. Other adjuvant therapies routinely employed include chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Proper treatment typically involves participation of a multidisciplinary care team for optimal outcome. General principles and treatment strategies will be discussed along with a review of the more common cutaneous manifestations of sarcoma.

PMID: 27178697 [PubMed - in process]

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Cutaneous manifestations of genitourinary malignancy.

Cutaneous manifestations of genitourinary malignancy.

Semin Oncol. 2016 Jun;43(3):347-52

Authors: Raghavan D

Abstract
Genitourinary cancers are associated with a range of cutaneous syndromes, which can reflect direct metastatic spread, non-metastatic manifestations of malignancy or the consequences of treatment. More than 220,000 new cases of prostate cancer occur each year in the United States, and thus the associations with cutaneous involvement are quite well documented-rare metastatic spread, vasculitic and hemorrhagic syndromes. Cancers of the bladder and kidney may be associated with direct cutaneous metastases, vasculitic syndromes, hereditary leiomyomatosis, and other familial syndromes. Testicular cancer occasionally metastasizes to the skin but more commonly is associated with the dysplastic nevus (multiple atypical nevus) syndrome. A structured approach to history-taking, examination, and investigation is essential for optimal management, especially when these syndromes precede the diagnosis of a known malignancy. A brief review of the more common iatrogenic cutaneous complications is provided, and includes Raynaud's phenomenon, purpura, rash, hand-foot syndrome, the consequences of marrow failure, and bleomycin-induced pigmentation.

PMID: 27178687 [PubMed - in process]

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Urachal Carcinoma Shares Genomic Alterations with Colorectal Carcinoma and May Respond to Epidermal Growth Factor Inhibition.

Urachal Carcinoma Shares Genomic Alterations with Colorectal Carcinoma and May Respond to Epidermal Growth Factor Inhibition.

Eur Urol. 2016 May 10;

Authors: Collazo-Lorduy A, Castillo-Martin M, Wang L, Patel V, Iyer G, Jordan E, Al-Ahmadie H, Leonard I, Oh WK, Zhu J, McBride RB, Cordon-Cardo C, Solit DB, Sfakianos JP, Galsky MD

Abstract
Metastatic urachal carcinoma is a rare, understudied, and aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. Histologically, urachal carcinomas resemble enteric adenocarcinomas and anecdotally respond to systemic therapies utilized in colorectal cancer. Targeted exome sequencing of archival primary tumor tissue from a patient with metastatic urachal cancer revealed EGFR amplification and wild-type KRAS. The patient was treated with cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against EGFR, as a single agent, and achieved a response lasting more than 8 mo. Subsequent whole-exome sequencing revealed no additional alterations likely to be associated with cetuximab sensitivity. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from nine additional urachal cancers were subjected to targeted exome sequencing. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway mutations were found in four of the nine samples, but no EGFR amplification was detected. Importantly, APC mutations were detected in two of the nine patients. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a response to single-agent cetuximab in a patient with metastatic urachal cancer and of molecular analysis to probe the basis for sensitivity. On the basis of these findings and the histologic, and now genomic, similarities with colorectal cancer, monoclonal antibodies directed at EGFR could be used in the treatment of metastatic urachal cancer.
PATIENT SUMMARY: Urachal cancers are morphologically and genomically similar to colon adenocarcinomas and may respond to drugs targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor.

PMID: 27178450 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Cytopathologic characteristics of SMARCB1 (INI-1) deficient sinonasal carcinoma: A potential diagnostic pitfall.

Cytopathologic characteristics of SMARCB1 (INI-1) deficient sinonasal carcinoma: A potential diagnostic pitfall.

Diagn Cytopathol. 2016 May 14;

Authors: Allison DB, Bishop JA, Ali SZ

Abstract
Tumors of the head and neck are extremely diverse and a subset are poorly differentiated and difficult to classify. Recently, a new entity has been described with rhabdoid and/or plasmacytoid cytologic features and a characteristic genetic signature-inactivation of the SMARCB1 (INI-1) tumor suppressor gene. To date, only 16 cases of SMARCB1 (INI-1) deficient sinonasal carcinoma have been described, and there are currently no reports of the cytopathologic features by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. A case of a 77-year-old man who presented with a posterior ethmoid sinus lesion with invasion into the skull base and bone was reported. FNA cytology of a right retropharyngeal lymph node revealed relatively monomorphic, loosely cohesive clusters of plasmacytoid cells with occasional nucleoli, rare intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions, and mitotic figures in a background of necrosis and absence of overt squamous or glandular differentiation. A diagnosis of metastatic myoepithelial carcinoma was made; however, retrospectively, the surgical excision showed loss of the SMARCB1 (INI-1) tumor suppressor gene by immunohistochemistry. In summary, the cytomorphologic features of SMARCB1 (INI-1) deficient sinonasal carcinoma are relatively nonspecific and overlap with other regional tumors, including myoepithelial neoplasms. As a result, this entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis for a plasmacytoid tumor arising in the sinonasal tract by FNA cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

PMID: 27177850 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) associated with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC): A case series of 8 patients highlighting different clinical manifestations.

Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) associated with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC): A case series of 8 patients highlighting different clinical manifestations.

J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016 May 11;

Authors: Iyer JG, Parvathaneni K, Bhatia S, Tarabadkar ES, Blom A, Doumani R, McKenzie J, Asgari MM, Nghiem P

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) are commonly associated with neuroendocrine cancers, such as small cell lung cancer.
OBJECTIVES: We examined the association of PNS in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare neuroendocrine skin cancer.
METHODS: We identified PNS associated with MCC based on chart review of a Seattle-based repository and examined the incidence of MCC-associated hyponatremia in an independent cohort within Kaiser Permanente Northern California.
RESULTS: Eight PNS cases were identified from the Seattle repository. Three distinct PNS types were observed: cerebellar degeneration (1 case), Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (2 cases), and malignancy-associated hyponatremia (5 cases). Moreover, the incidence of severe hyponatremia (serum sodium <125 mmol/L) coincident with MCC was identified among 4.3% (9 of 211) patients with MCC in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California cohort.
LIMITATIONS: We did not have access to complete medical records on all patients so it was not possible to determine the prevalence of PNS in MCC.
CONCLUSIONS: MCC can be associated with PNS similar to those found in other neuroendocrine cancers. Clinicians should be aware of these presentations as PNS often precede the identification of the underlying malignancy and usually resolve with appropriate treatment of the cancer.

PMID: 27177440 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Rare case of neurinoma of the facial nerve.

http:--linkinghub.elsevier.com-ihub-imag

Rare case of neurinoma of the facial nerve.

Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2015 Mar-Apr;81(2):226-7

Authors: Passos IM, Massuda ET, Hyppolito MA, Colli BO, Damico TA

PMID: 25649138 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Celebrating 35 Years of the AJNR: May 1981 edition.

Celebrating 35 Years of the AJNR: May 1981 edition.

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2016 May;37(5):976

Authors:

PMID: 27179034 [PubMed - in process]

[In Process Citation].

[In Process Citation].

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2016 May;37(5):773

Authors: Yamada S

PMID: 27179033 [PubMed - in process]

Renal clear cell carcinoma metastasis to salivary glands - a series of 9 cases: clinico-pathological study.

Renal clear cell carcinoma metastasis to salivary glands - a series of 9 cases: clinico-pathological study.

Pol J Pathol. 2016;67(1):39-45

Authors: Majewska H, Skálová A, Radecka K, Stodulski D, Hyrcza M, Stankiewicz C, Biernat W

PMID: 27179273 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Soft tissue sarcomas in skin: presentations and management.

Soft tissue sarcomas in skin: presentations and management.

Semin Oncol. 2016 Jun;43(3):413-8

Authors: Patt JC, Haines N

PMID: 27178697 [PubMed - in process]

Cutaneous manifestations of genitourinary malignancy.

Cutaneous manifestations of genitourinary malignancy.

Semin Oncol. 2016 Jun;43(3):347-52

Authors: Raghavan D

PMID: 27178687 [PubMed - in process]

Urachal Carcinoma Shares Genomic Alterations with Colorectal Carcinoma and May Respond to Epidermal Growth Factor Inhibition.

Urachal Carcinoma Shares Genomic Alterations with Colorectal Carcinoma and May Respond to Epidermal Growth Factor Inhibition.

Eur Urol. 2016 May 10;

Authors: Collazo-Lorduy A, Castillo-Martin M, Wang L, Patel V, Iyer G, Jordan E, Al-Ahmadie H, Leonard I, Oh WK, Zhu J, McBride RB, Cordon-Cardo C, Solit DB, Sfakianos JP, Galsky MD

PMID: 27178450 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Cytopathologic characteristics of SMARCB1 (INI-1) deficient sinonasal carcinoma: A potential diagnostic pitfall.

Cytopathologic characteristics of SMARCB1 (INI-1) deficient sinonasal carcinoma: A potential diagnostic pitfall.

Diagn Cytopathol. 2016 May 14;

Authors: Allison DB, Bishop JA, Ali SZ

PMID: 27177850 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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