Head and Neck Diseases by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis: 03/08/17

Τετάρτη 8 Μαρτίου 2017

Managing the oral side effects of medications used to treat multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Background

Many medications used to manage multiple sclerosis (MS) affect oral health. This review aimed to identify the oral side effects of the current drugs recommended in Australia to treat MS and make dental practitioners aware of the range of symptoms.

Methods

The Australian Therapeutic Guidelines and the Australian Medicines Handbook were searched for medications used to treat MS. For each medication, the generic name, class, route of administration, dosage and drug company reported side-effects were extracted from the online Monthly Index of Medical Specialties (MIMs) database. Meyler's Side Effect of Drugs Encyclopaedia was used to identify any additional oral adverse reactions to medications used to treat MS.

Results

Fourteen drugs were identified for the treatment of MS progression and 13 drugs for the treatment of MS symptoms. For these medications, 18 oral side effects were documented: xerostomia was the most common, followed by dysgeusia, dysphagia, mouth ulceration and sinusitis. Anticholinergic drugs caused xerostomia while immunosuppressants resulted in more infection related side-effects.

Conclusions

Dental practitioners should be aware of the range of symptoms likely to be reported by this population. Clinicians are encouraged to continue providing dental care for their patients who develop MS and refer complex cases to specialists.

http://ift.tt/2n1NPGV

Genetics of Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas

Publication date: Available online 9 March 2017
Source:Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
Author(s): Rodrigo Almeida Toledo

Teaser

Genomic studies conducted by different centers have uncovered various new genes mutated in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) at germline, mosaic, and/or somatic levels, greatly expanding our knowledge of the genetic events occurring in these tumors. The current review focuses on very newly findings and discusses the previously not recognized role of MERTK, MET, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, and H3F3A genes in syndromic and nonsyndromic PPGLs. These 4 new genes were selected because, although their association with PPGLs is very recent, mounting evidence was generated that rapidly consolidated the prominence of these genes in the molecular pathogenesis of PPGLs.

http://ift.tt/2m1Tise

Mite allergen extracts and clinical practice

To provide physicians, researchers, and other interested health care professionals with information about how mite source materials and allergen extracts are manufactured, including the critical process parameters that can affect the final composition of allergenic extracts available for clinical use.

http://ift.tt/2n1KrvL

Mechanisms of anaphylaxis beyond classically mediated antigen- and IgE-induced events

We have long known that events clinically indistinguishable from IgE- and mast cell–mediated anaphylaxis can occur through other mechanisms, and the term anaphylactoid was used to refer to these events as early as the 1940s,1 but our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of anaphylactoid events has been limited until recently. However, in the past 2 decades, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying non–IgE- and mast cell–mediated anaphylactic episodes.

http://ift.tt/2m529dr

Information for Readers

http://ift.tt/2mnQv0a

Editorial Board

http://ift.tt/2ngXTI8

AAAAI/ACAAI Joint Venom Extract Shortage Task Force Report

This report has been developed to provide guidance for clinicians who provide venom immunotherapy services to affected patients. The intent is to provide clinicians information about the developing shortage of Hymenoptera venoms to assist them in making decisions about the appropriate care for their patients.

http://ift.tt/2modgRD

Sublingual immunotherapy

The sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) practice parameters contain systematically developed statements with recommendations intended to optimize patient care and assist physicians and/or other health care practitioners and patients to make decisions regarding this therapy. This guideline is based on 2 published systematic reviews of the literature1,2 and publications identified by the workgroup's comprehensive literature search and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved SLIT tablets' product information.

http://ift.tt/2mnWQII

Asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome

The burgeoning literature on asthma phenotypes and endotypes continues to deepen our understanding of asthma and our appreciation of the complexity of this heterogeneous syndrome. Physicians in practice have long encountered patients who have features of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thus, we should not be surprised that there is a new category called asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS).

http://ift.tt/2nh1TbJ

Depression symptoms and lost productivity in chronic rhinosinusitis

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is associated with significant losses of patient productivity that cost billions of dollars every year. The causative factors for decreases in productivity in patients with CRS have yet to be determined.

http://ift.tt/2nh5feF

An obstructive sleep apnea primer

A remarkable phenomenon associated with excessive fat in young persons is an uncontrollable tendency to sleep-like the fat boy in Pickwick.—William Osler1

http://ift.tt/2mo0WRf

Is it time for asthma action plan apps?

In 1991, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute published the first evidence-based guideline for the diagnosis and management of asthma.1 This guideline recommends that patients with asthma should be taught self-management skills and be given an asthma action plan (AAP) so that early loss of control could be treated by the patient at home. In 1997, an updated guideline reinforced the model of green, yellow, and red zone intervention strategies to facilitate maintenance of asthma control.2 In a Cochrane Review of self-management plans for asthma, children who have an AAP have a lower risk of an exacerbation requiring an acute care visit and reduced symptom days.

http://ift.tt/2ngL28P

Instructions for Authors

http://ift.tt/2mo5fMs

http://ift.tt/2ngQI2T

Specificity and reproducibility of nasal biomarkers in patients with allergic rhinitis after allergen challenge chamber exposure

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disease that causes cellular influx and mediator release in the nose. These inflammatory changes might be used as nasal biomarkers to assess the efficacy of novel anti-allergic treatments.

http://ift.tt/2mo5VRS

Decontamination tips

http://medicine-greece.blogspot.com/2017/03/decontamination-tips.html

VAPOR-BASED DECONTAMINATION EQUIPMENT

The AeroClave ADS is a decontamination system that can be directly integrated into a new or existing ambulance. The ADS utilizes an EPA-approved hospital disinfectant to decontaminate surfaces in the patient care compartment and equipment after every patient transport.

The ADS is a convenient, hands-off solution for decontaminating an ambulance's patient care compartment. A nozzle, installed inside the patient care compartment, disperses a mist of disinfectant solution that is designed to meet OSHA and NFPA specifications.

Zimek's Z-vac Micro-Particle Evacuator uses disinfectant misting technology to decontaminate an ambulance's interior and the equipment carried aboard the ambulance. When connected to the vehicle and activated using a window overlay, an installed port or window insert, the system automatically disperses a disinfectant vapor throughout the vehicle's interior. Upon completion of a decontamination cycle, any remaining mist is removed using the company's Z-vac Vehicle Adapter.

The Bioquell BQ-EMS uses hydrogen peroxide vapor to eradicate pathogens from exposed surfaces in the ambulance, including patient care equipment, controls for on-board electronics and the stretcher. A decontamination cycle can be done within a sealed vehicle by placing the hydrogen peroxide vapor generator and the aerators in the patient care compartment of the ambulance.

A wireless control panel is used to start and stop the process. The vehicle's contents need to be prepared before system activation to ensure decontamination of exposed surfaces.

The Ambustat atomizes Actril Cold Sterilant, a disinfectant with peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, into small droplets — fog, mist or spray— by shearing them in a highly turbulent section of the nozzle. A blower in the power head supplies air to create the turbulence, and the flow rate can be adjusted for desired droplet size.

COMBINATION APPROACH

The Klenitise ambulance cleaning and disinfection system uses a three-step process that employs both manual disinfection and vapor disinfection technologies. The first step in the process is to scan surfaces in the ambulance using a handheld UV light to highlight areas that have been in contact with patients and where surface residues are present. Visually identifying contaminated surfaces allows the EMS provider to manually decontaminate those surfaces with a disinfectant spray and towels. The ambulance can then be completely decontaminated using a fogger system.

ULTRAVIOLET GERMICIDAL IRRADIATION

Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation for disinfection has been used primarily in medical sanitation and sterile work facilities. In recent years UVGI has found renewed application in air and surface sanitization in medical care settings such as hospitals, clinics and laboratories.

"Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is an established means of disinfection and can be used to prevent the spread of certain infectious diseases. Low-pressure mercury (Hg) discharge lamps are commonly used in UVGI applications and emit shortwave ultraviolet-C (UV-C, 100–280 nanometer [nm]) radiation, primarily at 254 nm. UV-C radiation kills or inactivates microbes by damaging their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)."

The History of Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation for Air Disinfection

MRSA-UV has produced several products that use UVGI for safer, more effective and more efficient decontamination of ambulances and equipment. The Turbo-UV is a compact unit (22 x 8 x 8 inches) that can be placed in the closed patient compartment of an ambulance for as little as 15 minutes. The Turbo-UV is compact enough that it can also be used for decontaminating EMS station sleeping rooms, EMS equipment and personal protective gear that may have been exposed to infectious pathogens.

The EMS-UV air sanitizer employs UVGI to circulate and clean the interior air of an ambulance to reduce airborne viruses, bacteria, mold, allergens and odors. The EMS-UV can be mounted on a wall in the patient care compartment and allowed to run continuously. The UV-C bulb inside the unit requires minimal electricity and annual replacement.

The Rapid Razor-UV is a handheld, rechargeable UVGI device designed for decontamination of surfaces inside the ambulance. The user simply passes the device closely over the contaminated surface area, allowing the energy from the high-output UVC Emitter to rapidly decontaminate surfaces. The unit includes an internal pacer that sets the scan speed to ensure a complete and accurate scan. A recessed safety shield prevents direct exposure to UVC energy while also adding reflectance that increases its effectiveness.

Ambulance decontamination is necessary to protect EMS personnel and patients. Consider the practices and products listed above to fully eliminate dangerous pathogens from the ambulances in your fleet.

Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182

6948891480

alsfakia@gmail.com

Mite allergen extracts and clinical practice

Information for Readers

http://ift.tt/2mnQv0a

Mechanisms of anaphylaxis beyond classically mediated antigen- and IgE-induced events

Editorial Board

http://ift.tt/2ngXTI8

AAAAI/ACAAI Joint Venom Extract Shortage Task Force Report

Asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome

An obstructive sleep apnea primer

A remarkable phenomenon associated with excessive fat in young persons is an uncontrollable tendency to sleep-like the fat boy in Pickwick.—William Osler1

http://ift.tt/2mo0WRf

Sublingual immunotherapy

Depression symptoms and lost productivity in chronic rhinosinusitis

Is it time for asthma action plan apps?

Instructions for Authors

http://ift.tt/2mo5fMs

http://ift.tt/2ngQI2T

Specificity and reproducibility of nasal biomarkers in patients with allergic rhinitis after allergen challenge chamber exposure

Tumor volume as an independent predictive factor of worse survival in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma

ABSTRACT

Background

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of tumor volume in the prognosis of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods

One hundred twenty-three patients with T4a oral cavity SCCs underwent surgical treatment. The volumes of the primary cancer were calculated by the multiplication of 3 macroscopic dimensions of the surgical specimen and related to recurrence and death.

Results

There were 54 recurrences (43.9%) and 75 deaths (60.9%). The mean tumor volume among the patients living without disease during the follow-up period was 28.2 cc, compared to 88.2 cc for patients living with disease, and to 78.9 cc for patients who died of the disease (p < .001). Multivariate analyses showed that volume and perineural invasion were independent factors for recurrence, whereas volume and lymph node metastasis were independent factors for death.

Conclusion

http://ift.tt/2n8Seo9

Tumor volume as an independent predictive factor of worse survival in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma

ABSTRACT

Background

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of tumor volume in the prognosis of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods

Results

Conclusion

http://ift.tt/2n8Seo9

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 7-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8(7H)-one derivatives as BRD4 inhibitors

Publication date: Available online 7 March 2017
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Leilei Zhao, Yifei Yang, Yahui Guo, Lingyun Yang, Jian Zhang, Jinpei Zhou, Huibin Zhang
BRD4 is an attractive target for antitumor due to its important role in regulation of gene transcription. In this paper, we synthesized a series of 7-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8(7H)-one derivatives as potent BRD4 inhibitors and evaluated their BRD4 inhibitory activities in vitro and anti-proliferation effects on tumor cells. Gratifyingly, compound 10j exhibited robust potency of BRD4(1) and BRD4(2) inhibition with IC50 values of 130 and 76 nM respectively. Docking studies were performed to explain the structure-activity relationship. Furthermore, compound 10j potently inhibited cell proliferation in BRD4-sensitive cell lines HL-60 and MV4-11 with IC50 value of 0.57 and 0.18 μM respectively. Activity on BRD4-independent K562 cell was weaker than on BRD4-sensitive lines. Overall, these results suggest that compound 10j is a potential BRD4 inhibitor deserving further investigation for cancer treatment.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2n1GhnC

Design and Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4-d]Pyrimidines: Nitric Oxide Releasing Compounds Targeting Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Publication date: Available online 7 March 2017
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Yaseen A.M.M. Elshaier, Mohamed A. Shaaban, Mohammed K. Abd El Hamid, Mostafa H. Abdelrahman, Mahrous A. Abou-Salim, Sara M. Elgazwi, Fathi Halaweish
A new series of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines tethered with nitric oxide (NO) producing functionality was designed and synthesized. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) protein assay revealed that NO releasing moiety in the synthesized compounds significantly decreased the cell growth more than the des-NO analogues. Compounds 7C and 7G possessing N-para-substituted phenyl group, released the highest NO concentration of 4.6% and 4.7% respectively. Anti-proliferative activity of synthesized compounds on HepG2 cell line identified compounds 7h, 7p, 14a and 14b as the most cytotoxic compounds in the series of IC50 = 3, 5, 3 and 5 µM, respectively, compared to erlotinib as a reference drug (IC50 = 25 µM). Flow cytometry studies revealed that 7h arrested the cells in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle while 7p arrested the cells in S phase. Moreover, docking study of the synthesized compounds on EGFR (PDB code: 1M17) and cytotoxicity study indicated that N-1 phenyl para substitution, pyrazole C-3 alkyl substitution and tethering the nitrate moiety through butyl group had a significant impact on the activity.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2n1y3vQ

Nodular colloid milium mimicking keloid

Summary

Colloid milium is a rare cutaneous deposit disease that usually presents clinically by the development of yellowish translucent or flesh-colored papules or plaques on sun-exposed skin. Histologically, it is characterized by the presence of colloid in the dermal papillae. In this case report, we present a 52-year-old man who presented with a nodule on his upper lip that mistakenly was diagnosed and treated as keloid.

http://ift.tt/2mIIkfR

Vestibular impairment in Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: Component analysis findings.

Vestibular impairment in Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: Component analysis findings.

J Vestib Res. 2016;26(5-6):459-468

Authors: Micarelli A, Viziano A, Bruno E, Micarelli E, Alessandrini M

Abstract
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a common clinical diagnosis in western populations and its symptoms are thought to be mainly related to chemical compounds exposure. Although MCS subjects refer to complain from many central nervous system symptoms, including dizziness, no study to now deepened vestibular detriment nor to what extent such an impairment could worsen MCS. Thus, the purpose of present study was to objectively highlight those clinical/subclinical aspects of vestibular impairment that could be related to MCS symptoms cohorts. A principal component analysis within a wide battery of otoneurological test scores was employed in 18 right-handed MCS patients and 20 sex- and age-matched healthy individuals. A deranged dimensionality in near-optimal re-weighting within otoneurological variables was found in MCS as compared with healthy subjects. These data seem to support the idea that MCS physiopathological underpinnings could lead to a peripheral and higher vestibular decay that could be addressed as a further aspect to better follow MCS patients up along natural history of disease in clinical practice.

PMID: 28262643 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2n1CCWG

Derealization during utricular stimulation.

Derealization during utricular stimulation.

J Vestib Res. 2016;26(5-6):425-431

Authors: Aranda-Moreno C, Jáuregui-Renaud K

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Feelings of unreality have been provoked in healthy subjects undergoing stimulation of the semicircular canals, but no studies have assessed the influence of otoliths stimulation on depersonalization/derealization (DD) symptoms.
OBJECTIVE: To assess DD symptoms during unilateral centrifugation in healthy adults.
METHODS: 100 subjects participated in the study. They completed a standardized questionnaire of symptoms related to balance (Jáuregui-Renaud 2003), the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Zung Instrument for Anxiety Disorders and the Cox & Swinson 28-item DD inventory. After unilateral centrifugation (300°/s at 3.5 cm), subjects completed the DD inventory again.
RESULTS: Centrifugation provoked symptoms which subjects denied ever experiencing before. The items most frequently reported were "Body feels strange or different in some way" (56%) and "Time seems to pass very slowly" (55%). The DD total score was related to the score of symptoms related to balance and to the depression inventory with no influence from the general characteristics of the subjects or the responses to vestibular tests. The individual scores of symptoms of vestibular function and derealization were related to the report of the other DD symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: In healthy subjects, unilateral centrifugation provokes DD symptoms. The results support that distorted vestibular signals may create a misleading frame of reference which mismatch with the other senses, giving rise to 'unreal' perceptions.

PMID: 28262646 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2n1DVoV

Auditory contributions to maintaining balance.

Auditory contributions to maintaining balance.

J Vestib Res. 2016;26(5-6):433-438

Authors: Stevens MN, Barbour DL, Gronski MP, Hullar TE

Abstract
Maintaining balance relies on integration of inputs from the visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive systems. The auditory system has not been credited with a similar contributory role, despite its ability to provide spatial orienting cues with extreme speed and accuracy. Here, we determined the ability of external auditory signals to reduce postural sway, measured as the root-mean-square velocity of center of pressure of a standing subject, in a series of subjects with varying levels of imbalance standing in the dark. The maximum root-mean-square center of pressure among our subjects decreased from 7.0 cm/sec in silence to 4.7 cm/sec.with the addition of external sound. The addition of sound allowed subjects to decrease sway by 41 percent. The amount of improvement due to sound was 54% of the amount of improvement observed in postural sway when visual cues only were provided to subjects standing in silence. These data support the significant effect of the auditory system in providing balance-related cues and suggest that interventions such as hearing aids or cochlear implants may be useful in improving postural stability and reducing falls.

PMID: 28262648 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2n1EhvF

Outcome evaluation of the dizziness handicap inventory in an outpatient vestibular clinic.

Outcome evaluation of the dizziness handicap inventory in an outpatient vestibular clinic.

J Vestib Res. 2016;26(5-6):479-486

Authors: Vanspauwen R, Knoop A, Camp S, van Dinther J, Erwin Offeciers F, Somers T, Zarowski A, Blaivie C

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The DHI is a widely used questionnaire for the evaluation of the self-reported disability in patients with dizziness and balance problems.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the DHI scores and demographic, symptomatic and diagnostic parameters.
METHODS: Retrospective study in 568 patients with balance problems.
RESULTS: We observed a total of 61.3% of patients with moderate (DHI total score between 30 and 59) to severe (DHI total score between 60 and 100) disability.Patients with long-standing complaints (lasting longer than 3 months) experience their self-reported disability to a greater extent than patients with new onset pathology (illness duration of one month and less). Moreover, patients suffering from continuous complaints have a larger DHI score than patients with shorter symptom duration. The first effect (new onset vs. long-standing pathology) is primarily caused by emotional factors, the latter effect (symptom duration) is attributable to functional and physical factors, not to emotional aspects. Patients with daily and weekly complaints have larger DHI scores than patients who reported only one episode. Female patients reported larger DHI scores than males. We found no effect of age, diagnostic group (no diagnosis, episodic, acute or chronic vestibular syndrome) or reported symptoms on the DHI scores.
CONCLUSIONS: The information retrieved from the DHI questionnaire is complementary to the information obtained from clinical investigation and diagnostic tests and therefore is an essential tool in a vestibular clinic.

PMID: 28262649 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2n1Ejnh

The usefulness of the video head impulse test in children and adults post-concussion.

The usefulness of the video head impulse test in children and adults post-concussion.

J Vestib Res. 2016;26(5-6):439-446

Authors: Alshehri MM, Sparto PJ, Furman JM, Fedor S, Mucha A, Henry LC, Whitney SL

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Dizziness after concussion have been reported in both youths and adults. It is not clear if the dizziness experienced post-concussion is from peripheral or central etiology. New technology has been developed to quickly and easily quantify the magnitude of peripheral vestibular disorders that is non-invasive and acceptable to youths and adults. The purpose of this study was to determine if youths and adults' post-concussion have evidence of decreased horizontal semicircular canal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gains as measured with the video head impulse test (vHIT), which would indicate a peripheral vestibular disorder. An additional purpose was to determine if VOR gain scores correlate with functional performance measures.
DESIGN: Descriptive cross sectional.
SETTING: Large medical center out-patient concussion program.
PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-six subjects with concussion.
MAIN OUTCOMES/MEASURES: Subjects completed the vHIT testing, the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), the Vestibular Activities and Participation (VAP) scale, the Pediatric Vestibular Symptom Questionnaire, gait speed assessment, the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) and a verbal analog scale of symptom provocation before and after the vHIT testing.
RESULTS: There were no abnormal vHIT findings in any subject. Headaches, dizziness and nausea were significantly worse post vHIT testing (p < 0.05). Youths had better DGI and DHI scores than subjects older than 20 (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The vHIT did not detect horizontal semicircular canal weakness in any of the subjects tested. In addition, older adults reported more activity and participation limitations than the younger subjects with concussion.

PMID: 28262647 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2n1Dpal

Vertical head translation impairs dynamic visual acuity during near viewing.

Vertical head translation impairs dynamic visual acuity during near viewing.

J Vestib Res. 2016;26(5-6):417-423

Authors: Cheng RC, Walker MF

Abstract
Dynamic visual acuity is an important clinical tool for assessment of the rotational vestibulo-ocular reflex (rVOR). It is based on the fact that the normal rVOR stabilizes vision and maintains visual acuity during head rotation. The translational VOR (tVOR) generates eye movements during linear head motion. Studies in humans have shown that gaze stabilization during translation is incomplete and that there is a strong effect of the visual environment: eye velocity is much greater in the light than in the dark. In this study, we measured visual acuity during vertical translation in 11 subjects and asked whether a more complex visual background would enhance the response and improve acuity. During 2 Hz whole-body translation, tumbling-E optotypes (0.0-0.9 logMAR in steps of 0.1 logMAR, six trials of each size randomly ordered) were flashed on a screen that was 30 cm in front of the subject's eyes. The subject reported the optotype's orientation with a joystick. Based on a threshold of 75% trials correctly identified, the group dynamic acuity was 0.72 logMAR, compared to a static acuity of 0.0 logMAR. When the background was enhanced with a stationary dot pattern, dynamic acuity improved to 0.42 logMAR. Our findings show that vertical head translation degrades vision more than head rotation. This may limit the use of dynamic acuity as a clinical measure of otolith function.

PMID: 28262645 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2n1CtTq

The horizontal computerized rotational impulse test.

The horizontal computerized rotational impulse test.

J Vestib Res. 2016;26(5-6):447-457

Authors: Furman JM, Shirey I, Roxberg J, Kiderman A

Abstract
Whole-body impulsive rotations were used to overcome several limitations associated with manual head impulse testing. A computer-controlled rotational chair delivered brief, whole-body, earth-vertical axis yaw impulsive rotations while eye movements were measured using video-oculography. Results from an unselected group of 20 patients with dizziness and a group of 22 control subjects indicated that the horizontal computerized rotational head impulse test (crHIT) is well-tolerated and provides an estimate of unidirectional vestibulo-ocular reflex gain comparable to results from caloric testing. This study demonstrates that the horizontal crHIT is a new assessment tool that overcomes many of the limitations of manual head impulse testing and provides a reliable laboratory-based measure of unilateral horizontal semicircular canal function.

PMID: 28262644 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2n1BKBH

Gaze stabilization and dynamic visual acuity in people with multiple sclerosis.

Gaze stabilization and dynamic visual acuity in people with multiple sclerosis.

J Vestib Res. 2016;26(5-6):469-477

Authors: Mañago MM, Schenkman M, Berliner J, Hebert JR

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The functional capacity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is not well understood in people with multiple sclerosis (MS).
OBJECTIVE: To determine the psychometric properties of computerized Gaze Stabilization Test (GST) and Dynamic Visual Acuity Test (DVAT) in people with MS.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study determined discriminant validity of the GST and DVAT between 15 healthy controls and 30 participants with MS, and between participants with MS who had higher versus lower disability. This study also determined same-day and between-session test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity with patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of balance, dizziness, and fatigue.
RESULTS: GST (p < 0.001) and DVAT (p = 0.001) scores were lower in participants with MS compared to controls. GST (p = 0.035) but not DVAT (p = 0.313) scores were lower in those with higher compared to lower disability. Test-retest reliability intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC (2,1)) were fair-to-good for the GST (0.48 to 0.74) and DVAT (0.47 to 0.60). PROs correlated significantly with GST, but not DVAT scores.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides initial evidence that the functional capacity of the VOR is impaired in people with MS as measured by the GST and DVAT. Further investigation is warranted to determine usefulness of both measures as outcomes for people with MS.

PMID: 28262642 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2n1zdYi

Vestibular paroxysmia: Diagnostic criteria.

Vestibular paroxysmia: Diagnostic criteria.

J Vestib Res. 2016;26(5-6):409-415

Authors: Strupp M, Lopez-Escamez JA, Kim JS, Straumann D, Jen JC, Carey J, Bisdorff A, Brandt T

Abstract
This paper describes the diagnostic criteria for vestibular paroxysmia (VP) as defined by the Classification Committee of the Bárány Society. The diagnosis of VP is mainly based on the patient history and requires: A) at least ten attacks of spontaneous spinning or non-spinning vertigo; B) duration less than 1 minute; C) stereotyped phenomenology in a particular patient; D) response to a treatment with carbamazepine/oxcarbazepine; and F) not better accounted for by another diagnosis. Probable VP is defined as follows: A) at least five attacks of spinning or non-spinning vertigo; B) duration less than 5 minutes; C) spontaneous occurrence or provoked by certain head-movements; D) stereotyped phenomenology in a particular patient; E) not better accounted for by another diagnosis.Ephaptic discharges in the proximal part of the 8th cranial nerve, which is covered by oligodendrocytes, are the assumed mechanism. Important differential diagnoses are Menière's disease, vestibular migraine, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, epileptic vestibular aura, paroxysmal brainstem attacks (in multiple sclerosis or after brainstem stroke), superior canal dehiscence syndrome, perilymph fistula, transient ischemic attacks and panic attacks. Current areas of uncertainty in the diagnosis of VP are: a) MRI findings of vascular compression which are not diagnostic of the disease or predictive for the affected side because they are also observed in about 30% of healthy asymptomatic subjects; and b) response to treatment with carbamazepine/oxcarbazepine supports the diagnosis but there are so far no randomized controlled trials for treatment of VP.

PMID: 28262641 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2n1zBpl

Keyword Index Volume 26 (2016).

Keyword Index Volume 26 (2016).

J Vestib Res. 2016;26(5-6):491-492

Authors:

PMID: 28262640 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2n1AWwt

Author Index Volume 26 (2016).

Author Index Volume 26 (2016).

J Vestib Res. 2016;26(5-6):487-489

Authors:

PMID: 28262639 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2mlwaH2

Microsurgery approaches for local drug delivery to the inner ear : Bullostomy Versus Transtympanic Injection

http://orlhealth.blogspot.com/2017/03/microsurgery-approaches-for-local-drug.html

Bullostomy

NOTE: Bullostomy is a unilateral procedure. Operate one ear of the mouse and use the contralateral ear as the control.

Place the mouse in a decubitus supine position. Prepare the surgical area at the ventral surface of the neck using clippers to remove the fur. Clean the skin with povidone iodine based antiseptic solution, and cover it with sterile drapes.

Using a scalpel, make a 2 cm longitudinal incision from the mandible to the clavicle.

Under magnification with a surgical microscope, identify the submandibular glands and separate both with forceps. Retract the submandibular glands and localize the origin of the digastric muscle and the facial nerve.

Make an incision in the origin of the digastric muscle with a scissors, and retract it ventrally, exposing the underlying inferior-medial aspect of the tympanic bulla.

Make an opening in the bulla by drilling into it with a 27 G needle (Figure 2A). Localize the stapedial artery and the RW membrane caudal to it (Figure 2B). Clean the blood from the drilled area with an absorbable gelatin sponge.

Using a 34 G catheter and a glass micro syringe, slowly inject 3-5 µL of vehicle solution (CGP-hydrogel or RL) through the bullostomy directly onto the RW niche, filling it (Figure 2C). Seal the bullostomy with 1-2 drops of tissue adhesive.

Return the submandibular glands to their initial position and close the skin incisions with 5-0 silk surgical suture. Apply a chlorhexidine-based antiseptic around the incision to avoid wound infection. NOTE: Absorbable and non-absorbable sutures could be used. Non-absorbable sutures must be removed in 2 weeks. Silk is not recommended for skin closure since its use is associated with incision infection and local tissue reactions.

Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182

6948891480

alsfakia@gmail.com

Nodular colloid milium mimicking keloid

Summary

http://ift.tt/2mIIkfR

Postnatal MRI for CDH: A pictorial review of late-presenting and recurrent diaphragmatic defects

Publication date: Available online 8 March 2017
Source:Clinical Imaging
Author(s): Wendy Kim, Jesse Courtier, Cara Morin, Narendra Shet, Eric Strauch, Jane S. Kim
Late-presenting or recurrent diaphragmatic defects can pose a diagnostic challenge due to varying clinical presentations. Current diagnostic approaches include plain film radiograph for initial assessment, with other imaging modalities such as fluoroscopy, ultrasound, CT and MRI mainly utilized for troubleshooting. As a radiation-free modality, MRI can provide a more definitive diagnosis in particular cases due to its ability to visualize discontinuity of the diaphragm, distinguishing it from eventration. MRI can also accurately characterize hernia contents, defect location and size. We present our MRI technique and review cases of different hernia types with relevant discussion of the imaging findings and correlation with intraoperative findings. MRI can be a useful diagnostic tool in the assessment of late presenting or recurrent diaphragmatic hernias.

http://ift.tt/2mIVvx8

MR imaging of intestinal angioedema related to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: Report of three cases and review of literature

Publication date: Available online 8 March 2017
Source:Clinical Imaging
Author(s): Michael R. Savino, Pardeep K. Mittal, Frank H. Miller
Angioedema is a condition in which an increase in vascular permeability leads to the swelling of body tissues. There are both hereditary and acquired forms of the disease, with the latter often associated with the administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor medication. Involvement of the intestinal tract is a rare manifestation of angioedema, and can present with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. It is critical for radiologists to be aware of this entity, as they may have the only opportunity to make the diagnosis. We present three cases of intestinal angioedema diagnosed on MRI with discussion of the imaging findings.

http://ift.tt/2mlB8n6

Comparison of two-dimensional synthesized mammogram (2DSM) and conventional full-field digital mammogram (FFDM) for evaluation of breast cancer

Publication date: Available online 8 March 2017
Source:Clinical Imaging
Author(s): Gayoung Choi, Ok Hee Woo, Hye Seon Shin, Seonah Jang, Kyu Ran Cho, Bo Kyoung Seo
PurposeTo compare the diagnostic efficacy of 2DSM and FFDM for evaluation of breast cancer.Materials and methodsA retrospective observer performance study was done by 3 breast radiologists. The diagnostic accuracy, image quality, and detailed lesion characterization of each 2DSM and FFDM were evaluated blindly to determine superior modality.ResultsThe diagnostic accuracy was not significantly different between two modalities. The image quality was superior in 2DSM (p-value 0.0362).Conclusions2DSM showed equivalent diagnostic accuracy and superior image quality to FFDM. Overall characterization of the lesion was better in 2DSM, and 2DSM showed superiority in evaluation of spiculated margins.

http://ift.tt/2mIHsYt

Architectural Overlap between Benign Endocervix and Pattern-A Endocervical Adenocarcinoma: Are All Pattern-A Tumors Invasive?

Publication date: Available online 8 March 2017
Source:Pathology - Research and Practice
Author(s): Gregory Douglas, Brooke E. Howitt, John K. Schoolmeester, Lauren Schwartz, Zuzana Kos, Shahidul Islam, Bojana Djordjevic, Carlos Parra-Herran
Studies on the pattern-based classification for invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma showed that tumors with nondestructive invasion (pattern-A) have a 0% rate of nodal metastases. Our understanding of pattern-A tumors and their distinction from in-situ adenocarcinoma requires further study. Thirteen sections diagnosed independently as pattern-A adenocarcinoma by three gynecologic pathologists, and 14 sections of benign endocervix were selected. Three additional pathologists (reviewers) evaluated a digital image from each section and classified it as pattern-A or benign based on architecture only. To blind the interpretation to cytologic features, nuclei and cytoplasm were obscured using morphometric software (Zen 2011, Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Germany). 13/27 cases (48%; 8 pattern-A, 5 benign) were correctly classified by all reviewers; 19/27 (70%; 10 pattern-A, 9 benign) were correctly classified by ≥2 reviewers. 3/13 pattern-A cases (23%) were interpreted as benign by ≥2 reviewers. Conversely, 5/14 benign cervices (36%) were misinterpreted as pattern-A by ≥2 reviewers. The number of glands per 20x field was higher in pattern-A cases with high reviewer agreement (p=0.004). An abnormal architecture is seen in many pattern-A adenocarcinomas in support of their invasive nature; some, however, have architecture that overlaps with that of benign endocervix thus may actually represent in-situ lesions. Likewise, normal cervix can be architecturally complex and mirror patterns that pathologists would classify as pattern-A if malignant cytologic features were present. Based on this overlap and the nil risk of nodal spread, an emphasis on the non-destructive, rather than the invasive, nature of pattern-A adenocarcinoma is recommended.

http://ift.tt/2lG3N9r

Edmondson-Steiner grade: a crucial predictor of recurrence and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma without microvascular invasio

Publication date: Available online 8 March 2017
Source:Pathology - Research and Practice
Author(s): Li Zhou, Jing-An Rui, Wei-Xun Zhou, Shao-Bin Wang, Shu-Guang Chen, Qiang Qu
BackgroundMicrovascular invasion (MVI), an important pathologic parameter, has been proven to be a powerful predictor of long-term prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, prognostic factors in HCC without MVI remain unknown. The present study aimed to identify the risk factors of recurrence and poor post-resectional survival in this type of HCC.Methods and methodsA total of 109 patients with MVI-absent HCC underwent radical hepatectomy were enrolled. The influence of clinicopathologic variables on recurrence and patient survival was assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsChi-square test found that Edmondson-Steiner grade and satellite nodule were significantly associated with recurrence, while the former was the single marker for early recurrence. Stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated the independent predictive role of Edmondson-Steiner grade for recurrence. On the other hand, Edmondson-Steiner grade, serum AFP level and satellite nodule were significant for overall and disease-free survival in univariate analysis, whereas tumor size was linked to disease-free survival. Of the variables, Edmondson-Steiner grade, serum AFP level and satellite nodule were independent indicators.ConclusionsEdmondson-Steiner grade, a histological classification, carries robust prognostic implications for all the endpoints for prognosis, thus being potential to be a crucial prognosticator in HCC without MVI.

http://ift.tt/2m53hxM

Roles of microRNAs in cancer associated fibroblasts of gastric cancer

Publication date: Available online 8 March 2017
Source:Pathology - Research and Practice
Author(s): Yu Yan, Ruifen Wang, Wenbin Guan, Meng Qiao, Lifeng Wang
Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). They play critical roles in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer (GC) through controlling various cytokines secretion and direct cell-to-cell interaction. However, the underlying mechanism of CAFs in tumor progression has not been entirely elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as important factors have a central role in the interplay between tumor cell and TME. Recent studies also highlight that the aberrant expression of miRNAs in CAFs is involved in multiple functions in tumorigenesis and malignant process of GC. In this article, we shortly introduce the miRNAs biogenesis and provide an overview of the mechanisms and emerging roles of CAFs-related miRNAs. Focusing on these miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets may bring better treatment effect on GC and other diseases.

http://ift.tt/2m5391n

Microbe Hunting Hits Home

Publication date: 8 March 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 3
Author(s): Ivaylo I. Ivanov
Ten years ago, we discovered that microbiota composition controls intestinal T cell homeostasis and alters T cell responses of mice in different animal facilities. Here I discuss how these discoveries, reported in Cell Host & Microbe in 2008, came to be and contributed to our understanding of microbiota immune effects.

Teaser

Ten years ago, we discovered that microbiota composition controls intestinal T cell homeostasis and alters T cell responses of mice in different animal facilities. Here I discuss how these discoveries, reported in Cell Host & Microbe in 2008, came to be and contributed to our understanding of microbiota immune effects.

http://ift.tt/2mDL6T2

Microbes and Diet-Induced Obesity: Fast, Cheap, and Out of Control

Publication date: 8 March 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 3
Author(s): Peter J. Turnbaugh
Here I revisit our early experiments published in Cell Host & Microbe (Turnbaugh et al., 2008) showing that a diet rich in fat and simple sugars alters the gut microbiome in a manner that contributes to host adiposity, and reflect upon the remarkable advances and remaining challenges in this field.

Teaser

Here I revisit our early experiments published in Cell Host & Microbe (Turnbaugh et al., 2008) showing that a diet rich in fat and simple sugars alters the gut microbiome in a manner that contributes to host adiposity, and reflect upon the remarkable advances and remaining challenges in this field.

http://ift.tt/2m1kQOB

MAP Kinase Signaling Pathways: A Hub of Plant-Microbe Interactions

Publication date: 8 March 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 3
Author(s): Guozhi Bi, Jian-Min Zhou
In 2007, we reported that a phytopathogen effector directly inhibits a MAP kinase cascade. In the decade since, many more effectors have been found to inhibit MAP kinase cascades, providing not only a mechanistic understanding of pathogenesis and immunity in plants, but also the identification of previously unknown enzymes.

Teaser

In 2007, we reported that a phytopathogen effector directly inhibits a MAP kinase cascade. In the decade since, many more effectors have been found to inhibit MAP kinase cascades, providing not only a mechanistic understanding of pathogenesis and immunity in plants, but also the identification of previously unknown enzymes.

http://ift.tt/2m1BH3V

Exercising Restraint

Publication date: 8 March 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 3
Author(s): Stuart J.D. Neil
Ten years ago, while in Paul Bieniasz's group, I determined that an interferon-induced antiviral activity inhibited the release of enveloped viruses by tethering them to the plasma membrane of infected cells. This commentary examines the lead up to this study and how our observations led to the identification of tetherin.

Teaser

Ten years ago, while in Paul Bieniasz's group, I determined that an interferon-induced antiviral activity inhibited the release of enveloped viruses by tethering them to the plasma membrane of infected cells. This commentary examines the lead up to this study and how our observations led to the identification of tetherin.

http://ift.tt/2mDSGNF

A Microbiome Foundation for the Study of Crohn’s Disease

Publication date: 8 March 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 3
Author(s): Dirk Gevers, Subra Kugathasan, Dan Knights, Aleksandar D. Kostic, Rob Knight, Ramnik J. Xavier
Our 2014 study published in Cell Host & Microbe, "The Treatment-Naive Microbiome in New-Onset Crohn's Disease," was designed to improve our understanding of the microbiome's role in Crohn's disease by studying a unique, well-suited cohort and sample set. This commentary provides a hindsight perspective of this original study as well as future outlook.

Teaser

Our 2014 study published in Cell Host & Microbe, "The Treatment-Naive Microbiome in New-Onset Crohn's Disease," was designed to improve our understanding of the microbiome's role in Crohn's disease by studying a unique, well-suited cohort and sample set. This commentary provides a hindsight perspective of this original study as well as future outlook.

http://ift.tt/2mE7pYH

Generation of a Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine that Elicits Broad Protection in Mice and Ferrets

Publication date: 8 March 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 3
Author(s): Lulan Wang, Su-Yang Liu, Hsiang-Wen Chen, Juan Xu, Maxime Chapon, Tao Zhang, Fan Zhou, Yao E. Wang, Natalie Quanquin, Guiqin Wang, Xiaoli Tian, Zhanlong He, Longding Liu, Wenhai Yu, David Jesse Sanchez, Yuying Liang, Taijiao Jiang, Robert Modlin, Barry R. Bloom, Qihan Li, Jane C. Deng, Paul Zhou, F. Xiao-Feng Qin, Genhong Cheng
New influenza vaccines that provide effective and broad protection are desperately needed. Live attenuated viruses are attractive vaccine candidates because they can elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses. However, recent formulations of live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) have not been protective. We combined high-coverage transposon mutagenesis of influenza virus with a rapid high-throughput screening for attenuation to generate W7-791, a live attenuated mutant virus strain. W7-791 produced only a transient asymptomatic infection in adult and neonatal mice even at doses 100-fold higher than the LD50 of the parent strain. A single administration of W7-791 conferred full protection to mice against lethal challenge with H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 strains, and improved viral clearance in ferrets. Adoptive transfer of T cells from W7-791-immunized mice conferred heterologous protection, indicating a role for T cell-mediated immunity. These studies present an LAIV development strategy to rapidly generate and screen entire libraries of viral clones.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Wang et al. use in vivo screening of a mutant influenza virus library to identify W7-791, an attenuated mutant strain. A single administration of W7-791 provided heterologous protection against lethal virus challenge in mice and ferrets. Adoptive transfer of T cells from W7-791-immunized mice conferred heterologous protection to naive animals.

http://ift.tt/2mE7pIb

Attenuated Vaccines for Augmented Immunity

Publication date: 8 March 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 3
Author(s): Stylianos Bournazos, Jeffrey V. Ravetch
Live attenuated vaccines are more immunogenic and have the capacity to elicit long-lasting immune responses. In two recent studies, Wang et al. (2017) and Si et al. (2016) describe strategies for the generation of live attenuated influenza viruses, which elicited robust humoral, mucosal, and cellular immunity against diverse virus strains.

Teaser

Live attenuated vaccines are more immunogenic and have the capacity to elicit long-lasting immune responses. In two recent studies, Wang et al. (2017) and Si et al. (2016) describe strategies for the generation of live attenuated influenza viruses, which elicited robust humoral, mucosal, and cellular immunity against diverse virus strains.

http://ift.tt/2m1GbHx

From Striking Out to Striking Gold: Discovering that Type VI Secretion Targets Bacteria

Publication date: 8 March 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 3
Author(s): Rachel D. Hood, S. Brook Peterson, Joseph D. Mougous
Specialized secretion systems are infamous for their contribution to host-pathogen interactions. Our discovery that the type VI secretion system delivers toxins between bacterial cells has broadened our understanding of how both pathogens and non-pathogens interact with one another, whether within or outside of the host.

Teaser

Specialized secretion systems are infamous for their contribution to host-pathogen interactions. Our discovery that the type VI secretion system delivers toxins between bacterial cells has broadened our understanding of how both pathogens and non-pathogens interact with one another, whether within or outside of the host.

http://ift.tt/2m1t2hN

Marking a Decade with Storytelling

Publication date: 8 March 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 3
Author(s): Lakshmi Goyal

http://ift.tt/2mDRcTr

DAI Another Way: Necroptotic Control of Viral Infection

Publication date: 8 March 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 3
Author(s): Jason W. Upton, William J. Kaiser
Interrogation of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-encoded cell-death suppressors revealed that necroptosis functions as a trap door to eliminate virally infected cells. This crucial host defense pathway is orchestrated by the sensing of infection by DAI/ZBP-1, engagement of the kinase RIPK3, and subsequent membrane permeablization by the pseudokinase MLKL.

Teaser

Interrogation of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-encoded cell-death suppressors revealed that necroptosis functions as a trap door to eliminate virally infected cells. This crucial host defense pathway is orchestrated by the sensing of infection by DAI/ZBP-1, engagement of the kinase RIPK3, and subsequent membrane permeablization by the pseudokinase MLKL.

http://ift.tt/2m1BEVN

Malaria Parasite Invasion: Achieving Superb Resolution

Publication date: 8 March 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 3
Author(s): Jake Baum, Dave Richard, David T. Riglar
It is only in the last decade that sub-cellular resolution of red cell invasion by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has been possible. Here we look back on the development of methodologies that led to this possibility and the subsequent advancements made in understanding this key event in malaria disease.

Teaser

It is only in the last decade that sub-cellular resolution of red cell invasion by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has been possible. Here we look back on the development of methodologies that led to this possibility and the subsequent advancements made in understanding this key event in malaria disease.

http://ift.tt/2mDPrFR

Trained Immunity: An Ancient Way of Remembering

Publication date: 8 March 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 3
Author(s): Mihai G. Netea, Jos W.M. van der Meer
The innate arm of the immune system has generally been regarded as primitive and non-specific and, in contrast to adaptive immunity, not to possess memory. Here we review the growing body of evidence that innate immunity has an important capacity to adapt, a de facto innate immune memory (also termed trained immunity), and this provides broad protection against infections.

Teaser

The innate arm of the immune system has generally been regarded as primitive and non-specific and, in contrast to adaptive immunity, not to possess memory. Here we review the growing body of evidence that innate immunity has an important capacity to adapt, a de facto innate immune memory (also termed trained immunity), and this provides broad protection against infections.

http://ift.tt/2m1kOWZ

What to Expect When You’re Expecting Zika

Publication date: 8 March 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 3
Author(s): Helen M. Lazear
The 2015 emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas brought new attention to this previously obscure virus. Experimental model systems have been instrumental in rapidly advancing our understanding of ZIKV pathogenesis. Here, Lazear looks back on the events leading to the development of the ZIKV mouse model reported in Cell Host & Microbe.

Teaser

The 2015 emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas brought new attention to this previously obscure virus. Experimental model systems have been instrumental in rapidly advancing our understanding of ZIKV pathogenesis. Here, Lazear looks back on the events leading to the development of the ZIKV mouse model reported in Cell Host & Microbe.

http://ift.tt/2m1tsEY

Life-Saving Degeneracy in the Human Immune System

Publication date: 8 March 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 3
Author(s): Petter Brodin
Different human immune system components coordinate to ensure effective control of pathogens. Israel et al. (2017) examine the immune system of a patient with an inborn genetic error, presenting as impaired TLR signaling and staphylococcal disease, and uncover a beautiful example of degeneracy between innate and adaptive branches of immunity.

Teaser

Different human immune system components coordinate to ensure effective control of pathogens. Israel et al. (2017) examine the immune system of a patient with an inborn genetic error, presenting as impaired TLR signaling and staphylococcal disease, and uncover a beautiful example of degeneracy between innate and adaptive branches of immunity.

http://ift.tt/2mDRbz2

A Feast of Malaria Parasite Genomes

Publication date: 8 March 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 3
Author(s): Jane M. Carlton, Steven A. Sullivan
The Plasmodium genus has evolved over time and across hosts, complexifying our understanding of malaria. In a recent Nature paper, Rutledge et al. (2017) describe the genome sequences of three major human malaria parasite species, providing insight into Plasmodium evolution and raising the question of how many species there are.

Teaser

The Plasmodium genus has evolved over time and across hosts, compounding our understanding of malaria. In a recent Nature paper, Rutledge and colleagues (2017) describe the genome sequences of three major human malaria parasite species, providing insight into Plasmodium evolution and raising the question of how many species there are.

http://ift.tt/2m1pBrk

Unsweetened IgG Is Bad for Dengue Patients

Publication date: 8 March 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 3
Author(s): Shee-Mei Lok
Dengue hemorrhagic fever is shown to correlate with secondary infection with a virus serotype different from the previous infection. However, only a small fraction of secondary infections leads to hemorrhagic fever. A recent Science paper suggests that the fucosylation state and isotype of IgGs elicited in patients may enhance disease severity.

Teaser

Dengue hemorrhagic fever is shown to correlate with secondary infection with a virus serotype different from the previous infection. However, only a small fraction of secondary infections leads to hemorrhagic fever. A recent Science paper suggests that the fucosylation state and isotype of IgGs elicited in patients may enhance disease severity.

http://ift.tt/2mDWTkp

West African Ebola Virus Strains: Unstable and Ready to Invade?

Publication date: 8 March 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 3
Author(s): Christopher F. Basler
Recent studies demonstrate that the Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP) acquired an A82V change during the West Africa epidemic and that this change altered the capacity of GP to be activated by host factors, enhancing infection of human cells. How this may alter the outcome of disease remains to be determined.

Teaser

Recent studies demonstrate that the Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP) acquired an A82V change during the West Africa epidemic and that this change altered the capacity of GP to be activated by host factors, enhancing infection of human cells. How this may alter the outcome of disease remains to be determined.

http://ift.tt/2mDPqSl

A Sour Relationship between BabA and Lewis b

Publication date: 8 March 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 3
Author(s): Masanori Hatakeyama
Helicobacter pylori survives in the hostile acidic environment of the stomach through extensive adaptation. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Bugaytsova et al. (2017) report an acid-responsive, reversible adherence of H. pylori BabA to the gastric mucosa, the strength of which is tuned by dynamic BabA adaptation.

Teaser

Helicobacter pylori survives in the hostile acidic environment of the stomach through extensive adaptation. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Bugaytsova et al. (2017) report an acid-responsive, reversible adherence of H. pylori BabA to the gastric mucosa, the strength of which is tuned by dynamic BabA adaptation.

http://ift.tt/2m1xT2s

Pregnancy-Related Immune Adaptation Promotes the Emergence of Highly Virulent H1N1 Influenza Virus Strains in Allogenically Pregnant Mice

Publication date: 8 March 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 3
Author(s): Géraldine Engels, Alexandra Maximiliane Hierweger, Julia Hoffmann, René Thieme, Swantje Thiele, Stephanie Bertram, Carola Dreier, Patricia Resa-Infante, Henning Jacobsen, Kristin Thiele, Malik Alawi, Daniela Indenbirken, Adam Grundhoff, Svenja Siebels, Nicole Fischer, Violeta Stojanovska, Damián Muzzio, Federico Jensen, Khalil Karimi, Hans-Willi Mittrücker, Petra Clara Arck, Gülsah Gabriel
Pregnant women are at high risk for severe influenza disease outcomes, yet insights into the underlying mechanisms are limited. Here, we present models of H1N1 infection in syngenic and allogenic pregnant mice; infection in the latter mirrors the severe course of 2009 pandemic influenza in pregnant women. We found that the anti-viral immune response in the pregnant host was significantly restricted as compared to the non-pregnant host. This included a reduced type I interferon response as well as impaired migration of CD8⁺ T cells into the lung. The multi-faceted failure to mount an anti-viral response in allogenic pregnant mice resulted in a less stringent selective environment that promoted the emergence of 2009 H1N1 virus variants that specifically counteract type I interferon response and mediate increased viral pathogenicity. These insights underscore the importance of influenza vaccination compliance in pregnant women and may open novel therapeutic avenues.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Pregnant women are at highest risk during influenza pandemics. Engels and colleagues present influenza infection models in mice and show that the immune response, which is tailored to accommodate the semiallogenic fetus, restricts the anti-viral immune response during gestation. Under these conditions, highly pathogenic virus variants can emerge.

http://ift.tt/2mDLSzp

Betacoronavirus Adaptation to Humans Involved Progressive Loss of Hemagglutinin-Esterase Lectin Activity

Publication date: 8 March 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 3
Author(s): Mark J.G. Bakkers, Yifei Lang, Louris J. Feitsma, Ruben J.G. Hulswit, Stefanie A.H. de Poot, Arno L.W. van Vliet, Irina Margine, Jolanda D.F. de Groot-Mijnes, Frank J.M. van Kuppeveld, Martijn A. Langereis, Eric G. Huizinga, Raoul J. de Groot
Human beta1-coronavirus (β1CoV) OC43 emerged relatively recently through a single zoonotic introduction. Like related animal β1CoVs, OC43 uses 9-O-acetylated sialic acid as receptor determinant. β1CoV receptor binding is typically controlled by attachment/fusion spike protein S and receptor-binding/receptor-destroying hemagglutinin-esterase protein HE. We show that following OC43's introduction into humans, HE-mediated receptor binding was selected against and ultimately lost through progressive accumulation of mutations in the HE lectin domain. Consequently, virion-associated receptor-destroying activity toward multivalent glycoconjugates was reduced and altered such that some clustered receptor populations are no longer cleaved. Loss of HE lectin function was also observed for another respiratory human coronavirus, HKU1. This thus appears to be an adaptation to the sialoglycome of the human respiratory tract and for replication in human airways. The findings suggest that the dynamics of virion-glycan interactions contribute to host tropism. Our observations are relevant also to other human respiratory viruses of zoonotic origin, particularly influenza A virus.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Coronavirus OC43 entered the human population relatively recently. Bakkers et al. report that as an adaptation to replication in human airways, the OC43 hemagglutinin-esterase lost its receptor-binding function. Consequently, virion-associated receptor-destroying activity toward clustered sialoglycan-based receptor determinants was reduced. Suggestive of convergent evolution, human respiratory coronavirus HKU1 underwent similar changes.

http://ift.tt/2mDWT3T

Effect of Androgen Supplementation on 24-Hour Activity-Rest Patterns of Aged Male Rhesus Macaques

Publication date: Available online 8 March 2017
Source:Neurobiology of Aging
Author(s): Henryk F. Urbanski
Like elderly men, old male rhesus macaques show attenuated circulating levels of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and many of them also show reduced levels of daytime activity. It is unclear, however, if this age-associated behavioral change is causally related to the underlying decrease in circulating androgen levels. To test this possibility, old male rhesus macaques were given daily supplements of testosterone and DHEA for 6 months, designed to mimic the mean 24-hour circulating hormone patterns of young adults. Compared to the young adults, the old controls showed attenuated daytime activity levels. However, there was no difference between the androgen supplemented old animals and the aged-matched controls, even after 6 months of treatment. The data suggest that age-associated decreases in circulating androgen levels are unlikely to be a primary reason for altered activity-rest patterns in elderly men, and that androgen supplementation paradigms might not provide any obvious therapeutic benefit.

http://ift.tt/2mIEh2Z

Pressure Injury Prevalence and the Rate of Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injury Among Pediatric Patients in Acute Care.

Author: Razmus, Ivy; Bergquist-Beringer, Sandra

Page: 110-117

http://ift.tt/2n1ynut

Context for Practice: Leakage From the Ostomy Pouch, Constipation in Patients With Colostomies.

Author: Gray, Mikel

Page: 108-109

http://ift.tt/2ngJEDo

Validation of a Model for Predicting Pressure Injury Risk in Patients With Vascular Diseases.

Author: Moyse, Tonya; Bates, Jacqueline; Karafa, Matthew; Whitman, Angela; Albert, Nancy M.

Page: 118-122

http://ift.tt/2ngH14a

Attitudes of Nursing Students About Pressure Injury Prevention.

Author: Garrigues, Layla J.; Cartwright, Juliana C.; Bliss, Donna Z.

Page: 123-128

http://ift.tt/2n1xvWM

Development of a Survey to Explore Factors Influencing the Adoption of Best Practices for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Offloading.

Author: Bleau Lavigne, Maude; Reeves, Isabelle; Sasseville, Marie-Josee; Loignon, Christine

Page: 129-137

http://ift.tt/2ngI30g

Prevention of Medical Device-Related Pressure Injuries Associated With Respiratory Equipment Use in a Critical Care Unit: A Quality Improvement Project.

Author: Padula, Cynthia A.; Paradis, Heidi; Goodwin, Robert; Lynch, Judith; Hegerich-Bartula, Deborah

Page: 138-141

http://ift.tt/2n1HKKP

Pressure Mapping in Elderly Care: A Tool to Increase Pressure Injury Knowledge and Awareness Among Staff.

Author: Hultin, Lisa; Olsson, Estrid; Carli, Cheryl; Gunningberg, Lena

Page: 142-147

http://ift.tt/2ngYQQJ

Current Techniques for Postoperative Monitoring of Microvascular Free Flaps.

Author: Khatri, Nasir; Zhang, Shuhao; Kale, Santosh S.

Page: 148-152

http://ift.tt/2n1wWfy

View From Here: Formal and Informal Leadership Translating Evidence-Based Practices for Pressure Injury Prevention in the Hospital Setting.

Author: Padula, William; Makic, Mary Beth F.

Page: 153-154

http://ift.tt/2ngTlBF

Psychological and Physical Environmental Factors in the Development of Incontinence in Adults and Children: A Comprehensive Review.

Author: von Gontard, Alexander; de Jong, Tom P. V. M.; Badawi, Jasmin Katrin; O'Connell, Kathleen A.; Hanna-Mitchell, Ann T.; Nieuwhof-Leppink, Anka; Cardozo, Linda

Page: 181-187

http://ift.tt/2n1lqAH

Differences in Ostomy Pouch Seal Leakage Occurrences Between North American and European Residents.

Author: Fellows, Jane; Forest Lalande, Louise; Martins, Lina; Steen, Anne; Storling, Zenia M.

Page: 155-159

http://ift.tt/2n1zmeb

Conservative Measures for Managing Constipation in Patients Living With a Colostomy.

Author: Kuczynska, Barbara; Bobkiewicz, Adam; Studniarek, Adam; Szmyt, Krzsztof; Krokowicz, Lukasz; Matysiak, Konrad; Szmeja, Jacek; Walkowiak, Jaroslaw; Drews, Michal; Banasiewicz, Tomasz

Page: 160-164

http://ift.tt/2ngI2JK

Incidence and Predictors of Incontinence-Associated Skin Damage in Nursing Home Residents With New-Onset Incontinence.

Author: Bliss, Donna Z.; Mathiason, Michelle A.; Gurvich, Olga; Savik, Kay; Eberly, Lynn E.; Fisher, Jessica; Wiltzen, Kjerstie R.; Akermark, Haley; Hildebrandt, Amanda; Jacobson, Megan; Funk, Taylor; Beckman, Amanda; Larson, Reed

Page: 165-171

http://ift.tt/2n1w9uV

Clinical Evaluation of a Skin Protectant for the Management of Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis: An Open-Label, Nonrandomized, Prospective Study.

Author: Brennan, Mary R.; Milne, Catherine T.; Agrell-Kann, Marie; Ekholm, Bruce P.

Page: 172-180

http://ift.tt/2ngVqgV

Psychological and Physical Environmental Factors in the Development of Incontinence in Adults and Children: A Comprehensive Review.

Author:

Page: E1

http://ift.tt/2ngRIUl

Medical Adhesive-Related Skin Injury Following Emergent Appendectomy: A Case Study of MARSI and Missed Opportunities in Nursing Care.

Author: Britt, Sylvia E.; Coles, Karen M.; Polson, Shannon S.

Page: 188-192

http://ift.tt/2n1ykPj

WOCN(R)-Accredited Professional Education Programs.

Author:

Page: 193-194

http://ift.tt/2ngI2cI

Wound Versus Foot Care: Is There a Difference?.

Author: Ellefson, Laurie; Wilson, Francis; Hoffman, Kathleen; Wells, Belinda

Page: E2-E4

http://ift.tt/2n1i2G6

Metabolomics through the lens of precision cardiovascular medicine

Publication date: Available online 8 March 2017
Source:Journal of Genetics and Genomics
Author(s): Sin Man Lam, Yuan Wang, Bowen Li, Jie Du, Guanghou Shui
Metabolomics, which targets at the extensive characterization and quantitation of global metabolites from both endogenous and exogenous sources, has emerged as a novel technological avenue to advance the field of precision medicine principally driven by genomics-oriented approaches. In particular, metabolomics has revealed the cardinal roles that the environment exerts in driving the progression of major diseases threatening public health. Herein, the existent and potential applications of metabolomics in two key areas of precision cardiovascular medicine will be critically discussed: 1) the use of metabolomics in unveiling novel disease biomarkers and pathological pathways; 2) the contribution of metabolomics in cardiovascular drug development. Major issues concerning the statistical handling of big data generated by metabolomics, as well as its interpretation, will be briefly addressed. Finally, the need for integration of various omics branches and adopting a multi-omics approach to precision medicine will be discussed.

http://ift.tt/2m1xUDs

G protein-coupled calcium-sensing receptor is a crucial mediator of MTA-induced biological activities

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 127
Author(s): Jin Man Kim, Seulki Choi, Kyu Hwan Kwack, Sun-Young Kim, Hyeon-Woo Lee, Kyungpyo Park
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a calcium silicate-based bioactive material that has been extensively used in dentistry. MTA has been highlighted in its diverse biological functions and excellent clinical outcomes. However, limited insight into the intracellular signaling pathways has been provided to explain the biological activities of MTA. Here, we firstly elucidate that the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a major signaling mediator of MTA-induced biological reactions through versatile live imaging techniques of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). We found that MTA activates diverse CaSR downstream pathways; notably, CaSR activation essentially requires dual modulation of extracellular Ca²⁺ and pH via MTA. Among the CaSR downstream pathways, Ca²⁺ mobilization from intracellular stores by the phospholipase C pathway plays an important role in osteogenic differentiation of hDPCs by regulating transcriptional activity. Our findings shed light on the signal transduction mechanism of MTA, thus providing a crucial molecular basis for the use of MTA in regenerative dental therapy.

http://ift.tt/2m1wSaP

Surface engineering of semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for amplified photoacoustic imaging

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 127
Author(s): Xu Zhen, Xiaohua Feng, Chen Xie, Yuanjin Zheng, Kanyi Pu
Despite the deeper tissue penetration of photoacoustic (PA) imaging, its sensitivity is generally lower than optical imaging. This fact partially restricts the applications of PA imaging and greatly stimulates the development of sensitive PA imaging agents. We herein report that the surface coating of semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) with the silica layer can simultaneously amplify fluorescence and PA brightness while maintaining their photothermal conversion efficiency nearly unchanged. As compared with the bare SPNs, the silica-coated SPNs (SPNs-SiO2) have higher photothermal heating rate in the initial stage of laser irradiation due to the higher interfacial thermal conductance between the silica layer and water relative to that between the SP and water. Such an interfacial effect consequently results in sharp temperature increase and in turn amplified PA brightness for SPNs-SiO2. By conjugating poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and cyclic-RGD onto SPNs-SiO2, targeted PA imaging of tumor in living mice is demonstrated after systemic administration, showing a high signal to background ratio. Our study provides a surface engineering approach to amplify the PA signals of organic nanoparticles for molecular imaging.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2m1xWet

Weitere Definitionen und Schreibweisen für die Wundbehandlung

http://ift.tt/2ngT9Cp

Ultra-strong metals created in a smash

Publication date: Available online 8 March 2017
Source:Nano Today

http://ift.tt/2m1e5wk

"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"[jour]; +20 new citations

20 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"[jour]

These pubmed results were generated on 2017/03/08

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

http://ift.tt/2n1uUMw

SOP – Umgang mit multiresistenten Erregern auf der Palliativstation

http://ift.tt/2mnPyVv

Investigation on the association between thyroid tumorigeneses and herpesviruses

Abstract

Herpesviruses have been associated with various human malignancies and with thyroid autoimmunity. Aiming to investigate the presence of these viruses in thyroid nodules, we analyzed serum and thyroid tissue from 183 patients (83 benign and 100 malignant thyroid nodules). We also obtained 104 normal thyroid tissues extracted from the contralateral lobe of these patients. We used ELISA to screen the serology of all patients and a real-time quantitative PCR to analyze thyroid tissue viral load in antibody-positive patients. In addition, the presence of herpesviruses was tested by histological analysis in 20 EBV-positive tissues using the expression of LMP-1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and EBER by in situ hybridization (ISH). There was no evidence of HSV-2 or CMV DNA, but we found EBV DNA sequences in 29 (16%) thyroid tissue samples. We also found 7 positive EBV cases out of 104 normal tissues. Viral load was higher in tumors than in their respective normal tissues (p = 0.0002). ISH analysis revealed EBER expression in 11 out of 20 (52%) EBV-positive tissues, mostly in malignant cases (8/11, 73%). The presence of high EBV copy numbers in thyroid tumors and the expression of EBER only in malignant cases suggest an association between EBV and thyroid malignancies. However, we did not find any association between the presence of EBV and/or its viral load and any clinical or pathological tumor feature. Further studies aiming to clarify the mechanisms of EBV infection in thyroid cells are necessary to support a possible role in the development of thyroid cancer.

http://ift.tt/2m4FbmJ

Influence of Two Types of Connections in Driver-Retention Screw Assembly

Abstract: Rehabilitation with implant-supported prostheses has reached high success rates. However, mechanical failures are still reported, mainly in retention screws of abutments in single implant-supported crowns; which is designed to be the weakest structure and the first component to fail under overloading. In this sense, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of different joint designs (square or hexagonal) on resistance to deformation of driver-retention screw assembly of 3 commercial brands (Neodent, Singular, and Sin). A total of 42 retention screws from 3 commercial brands were used. The samples were divided into 2 joint groups, square (SQU) and hexagonal (HEX), and separated by commercial brands. Several components (implants and abutments) with standard platform (4.1 mm in diameter) were used. The resistance to deformation of the driver-retention screw assembly was measured using an accurate digital torque wrench for all commercial brands (Neodent [NEO], Singular [SGL], and Sin [SIN]) and joint designs (square or hexagonal). It was found no statistically significant difference (P

http://ift.tt/2n1dSy6

11R-VIVIT Peptide Inhibits Calvaria Osteolysis Induced by Experimental Design

Abstract: Wear particles released from prosthetic implants can cause periprosthetic osteolysis, a major cause of implant loosening. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the 11R-VIVIT peptide on osteolysis induced by titanium (Ti) particles in vivo. Twenty-four C57BL/J6 mice were divided into 3 groups: sham operation, Ti group, and Ti/VIVIT group. A calvarial osteolysis model was established by implanting Ti particles into mouse calvaria of the Ti and Ti/VIVIT groups. After 2 weeks, 11R-VIVIT peptide (10 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally injected into the mice of the Ti/VIVIT group for 14 days. The other 2 groups received saline injection. The calvarial specimens were removed and stained with van Geison staining. The calvarial sagittal suture area was measured to observe bone resorption. The calvarial new bone area was measured to observe bone formation. Compared with the sham group, the area of calvarial new bone and calvarial sagittal suture were higher in the Ti group (P

http://ift.tt/2n8AKIB

Extra-Gingival Pyogenic Granuloma Displacing Teeth

Abstract: Pyogenic granuloma is a common cause of growth of soft tissue in the oral cavity, especially in the gingiva. It is mainly associated with local and chronic irritants besides hormonal changes during pregnancy. Here, the authors present an unusual patient of an extra-gingival pyogenic granuloma with large dimensions and displacing teeth arising in a male patient. This is an interesting patient to be reported due to its exacerbated and atypical clinical features.

http://ift.tt/2n1nKYI

The Real Origin of Presurgical Nasal Molding for Cleft Nose Deformity and its Posterior Evolution

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2n1k4Gn

Transferring the Assessment of Cranial Deformities to the Affected

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2n8t6y5

Lion Face: For the Good of Patients Like These, May We All Cooperate

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2n8FcqS

Some Intensification and Refining

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2n8JjU3

Calvarial Mass Confused With Trichilemmal Cyst: Hepatocellular Cancer Metastasis

Abstract: The hepatocellular cancer calvarial metastasis is a rare condition that commonly presents cranial swelling. Therefore, calvarial swelling may confuse with frequent lesions of the scalp. The authors' patient was operated as trichilemmal cyst. But, intracranial extension was seen in operation. Calvarial metastasis of hepatocellular cancer was observed by examination of the patient.

http://ift.tt/2n8v6pQ

Horizontally Opposed V-Y Advancement Flaps for Surgical Reconstruction of Central Upper Lip Defects

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2n8x4qb

Wrinkle the Skin, Wrinkle the Soul

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2n8EwSw

Laparoscopic Free Omental Flap for Craniofacial Reconstruction: A Video Article Demonstrating Operative Technique and Surgical Applications

Abstract: The omental flap is a well described pedicled flap for surgical reconstruction of multiple body locations. As a laparoscopically harvested free flap, the omentum offers a minimally invasive solution to many reconstructive problems including extremity and head and neck wounds. This video article highlights the operative technique involved in flap harvest and inset for a cranial defect. An illustrative case involving a 23-year-old female's traumatic scalp degloving injury that was resurfaced by free omental flap and split-thickness skin graft is presented. This patient had stable long-term wound coverage for a very severe injury. Through video media we demonstrate that the laparoscopically harvested free omental flap is a minimally invasive, 2-team operation that provides soft tissue coverage of severe, remote wounds. This video demonstrates a safe operative technique and nuances specific to laparoscopic harvest of this flap.

http://ift.tt/2n8v4hI

Audiologists' communication behaviour during hearing device management appointments.

Audiologists' communication behaviour during hearing device management appointments.

Int J Audiol. 2017 Feb 26;:1-9

Authors: Muñoz K, Ong CW, Borrie SA, Nelson LH, Twohig MP

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this exploratory study was to describe audiologist communication behaviours during appointments for hearing device monitoring and management before and after participation in counselling skills training.
DESIGN: The study used a longitudinal design with three assessment points over 6 months.
STUDY SAMPLE: The sample included 10 audiologists and audiology graduate students interacting in a professional setting with their clients.
RESULTS: Audiologists reported improvement in their counselling skills from pre-training to follow-up, which was consistent with objective findings that audiologist relative speaking time decreased from pre-training to post-training as well as from pre-training to follow-up. Observer-rated scores of participants' counselling skills; however, yielded no significant differences across time.
CONCLUSIONS: Some improvement was noted in audiologists' counselling behaviour following a 1-day communication skills workshop and continued learning support. It is evident; however, that further training, such as increased training and performance feedback, is needed to maintain and enhance audiologist progress in the various aspects of counselling.

PMID: 28266245 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2m4dt9U

Vestibular (dys)function in children with sensorineural hearing loss: a systematic review.

Vestibular (dys)function in children with sensorineural hearing loss: a systematic review.

Int J Audiol. 2017 Feb 13;:1-21

Authors: Verbecque E, Marijnissen T, De Belder N, Van Rompaey V, Boudewyns A, Van de Heyning P, Vereeck L, Hallemans A

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the prevalence of vestibular dysfunction in children with SNHL classified according to the applied test and its corresponding sensitivity and specificity.
DESIGN: Data were gathered using a systematic search query including reference screening.
STUDY SAMPLE: Pubmed, Web of Science and Embase were searched. Strategy and reporting of this review was based on the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Methodological quality was assessed with the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist.
RESULTS: All studies, regardless the applied vestibular test, showed that vestibular function differs significantly between children with hearing loss and normal hearing (p < 0.05). Compared with caloric testing, the sensitivity of the Rotational Chair Test (RCT) varies between 61 and 80% and specificity between 21 and 80%, whereas this was, respectively, 71-100% and 30-100% for collic Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (cVEMP). Compared with RCT, the sensitivity was 88-100% and the specificity was 69-100% for the Dynamic Visual Acuity test, respectively, 67-100% and 71-100% for the (video) Head Impulse Test and 83% and 86% for the ocular VEMP.
CONCLUSIONS: Currently, due to methodological shortcoming, evidence on sensitivity and specificity of vestibular tests is unknown to moderate. Future research should focus on adequate sample sizes (subgroups >30).

PMID: 28264605 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2mAQs1h

Pituitary Colloid Cyst

Abstract: Colloid cysts appear most commonly in the third ventricle, their occurrence in the sellar region is uncommon. The authors report a female patient with a pituitary colloid cyst. She was diagnosed incidentally with a sellar lesion by a routine paranasal computed tomography examination performed for planning of a dental implant surgery. Radiologic examinations revealed a pituitary lesion that was removed by transnasal transsphenoidal route. Her pathologic examination revealed that the lesion was a colloid cyst. Although rare, colloid cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pituitary lesions

http://ift.tt/2n8HhTQ

Recalcitrant Invasive Skin Cancer of the Scalp: Combined Extirpation and Microsurgical Reconstruction Without Cranioplasty

Background: Recurrent invasive skin cancer of the scalp and calvarium is a difficult problem for which universally accepted treatment protocols have not been established. The authors present their 10-year experience with treatment of this specific subset of scalp reconstruction patients and present a successful treatment algorithm that is well suited to this patient population. Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed all patients of microsurgical scalp reconstruction performed from 2005 to 2015 that involved invasive cutaneous malignancies of the scalp and calvarium. Results: Eleven patients met inclusion criteria. There were 9 squamous cell carcinoma, 1 basal cell carcinoma, and 1 melanoma. Seven received radiation prior to resection, 2 were irradiated postoperatively, and 2 were immunosuppressed. Seven had a history of prior scalp reconstruction. The median scalp defect size was 141 cm2. All the patients underwent craniectomy and the median cranial defect size was 71 cm2. Cranioplasty was not performed in any patient. There were no intraoperative complications or flap loss. Recipient site complications included hematoma in 1, 1 seroma, 2 cerebral spinal fluid leaks, 3 partial skin graft loss. There was 1 donor site seroma in a patient who had a latissimus dorsi flap. All the patients reported satisfaction with the overall result and none were limited in activities by the existing cranial defect. Conclusions: This is the largest series published to date that focuses exclusively on management of cutaneous malignancies with intracranial invasion. Wide resection with craniectomy, and reconstruction with microvascular free tissue transfer without cranioplasty provides safe and reliable treatment of recalcitrant invasive scalp skin cancers with low morbidity and without major complications. Pre and postoperative radiation is well tolerated with this approach. The patients in this series were of advanced age and of a lifestyle for which cranioplasty is unnecessary for return to regular activities.

http://ift.tt/2ngWqkW

Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

! # Ola via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader

Η λίστα ιστολογίων μου

Τετάρτη 8 Μαρτίου 2017

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Teaser

VAPOR-BASED DECONTAMINATION EQUIPMENT

COMBINATION APPROACH

ULTRAVIOLET GERMICIDAL IRRADIATION

ABSTRACT

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

ABSTRACT

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Graphical abstract

Graphical abstract

Summary

Summary

Teaser

Teaser

Teaser

Teaser

Teaser

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Teaser

Teaser

Teaser

Teaser

Teaser

Teaser

Teaser

Teaser

Teaser

Teaser

Teaser

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Graphical abstract