Head and Neck Diseases by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis: 01/18/17

Τετάρτη 18 Ιανουαρίου 2017

Disruption of aromatase homeostasis as the cause of a multiplicity of ailments: A comprehensive review

Publication date: Available online 18 January 2017
Source:The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Author(s): Seema Patel
Human health is beset with a legion of ailments, which is exacerbated by the lifestyle errors. Out of the numerous enzymes in human body, aromatase, a cytochromes P450 enzyme is particularly very critical. Occurring at the crossroads of multiple signalling pathways, its homeostasis is vital. Unfortunately, medications, hormone therapy, chemical additives in food, and endocrine-disrupting personal care products are oscillating the aromatase concentration beyond the permissible level. As this enzyme converts androgens (C19) into estrogens (C18), its agitation has different outcomes in different genders and age groups. Some common pathologies associated with aromatase disruption include breast cancer, prostate cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, osteoporosis, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, pituitary cancer, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, male hypogonadism, and transgender issues. Several drugs, personal consumer products and pesticides act as the activators and suppressors of this vital enzyme. This carefully-compiled critical review is expected to increase public awareness regarding the threats resultant of the perturbations of this enzyme and to motivate researchers to further investigate this field.

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Clinical and biological effects of demethylating agents on solid tumours – a systematic review

Publication date: Available online 18 January 2017
Source:Cancer Treatment Reviews
Author(s): J.F. Linnekamp, R. Butter, R. Spijker, J.P. Medema, H.W.M. van Laarhoven
[Background]It is assumed that DNA methylation plays a key role in both tumour development and therapy resistance. Demethylating agents have been shown to be effective in the treatment of haematological malignancies. Based on encouraging preclinical results, demethylating agents may also be effective in solid tumours. This systematic review summarizes the evidence of the effect of demethylating agents on clinical response, methylation and the immune system in solid tumours.[Methods]We conducted a systematic literature search from 1949 to December 2016, according to the PRISMA guidelines. Studies which evaluated treatment with azacitidine, decitabine, guadecitabine, hydralazine, procaine, MG98 and/or zebularine in patients with solid tumours were included. Data on clinical response, effects on methylation and immune response were extracted.[Results]Fifty eight studies were included: in 13 studies complete responses (CR) were observed, 35 studies showed partial responses (PR), 47 studies stable disease (SD) and all studies except two showed progressive disease (PD). Effects on global methylation were observed in 11/15 studies and demethylation/re-expression of tumour specific genes was seen in 15/17 studies. No clear correlation between (de)methylation and clinical response was observed. In 14 studies immune-related responses were reported, such as re-expression of cancer-testis antigens and upregulation of interferon genes.[Conclusion]Demethylating agents are able to improve clinical outcome and alter methylation status in patients with solid tumours. Although beneficial effect has been shown in individual patients, overall response is limited. Further research on biomarker predicting therapy efficacy is indicated, particularly in earlier stage and highly methylated tumours.

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p-Aminothiophenol-coated CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a turn-on fluorescent probe for pH detection in aqueous media

Publication date: 1 May 2017
Source:Talanta, Volume 166
Author(s): Dong Li, Hu Xu, Dan Li, Yuhong Wang
Since controlling hydrogen ion concentration (i.e. pH) is fairly important in various fields, developing a facile pH detection method is highly desired. Owing to the superior optical properties, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have been developed as a promising alternative for organic fluorophores in fluorescence analysis. In this study, a hydrophilic p-aminothiophenol (pATP) capped CdSe/ZnS QDs (denoted as pATP-QDs) as a selective "turn-on" fluorescence probe for pH in aqueous media is reported. The pATP-QDs probe easily obtained via ligand exchange are characterized by various analytic techniques including ultraviolet-visible, fourier transform infrared, fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopies, and transmission electron microscope etc. pATP-QDs exhibits weak fluorescence since pATP acts as an effective hole trapper. As an organic base, pATP easily binds to proton and the formation of pATP-H⁺ complex alters the energetic position of HOMO for pATP, which enables pATP-QDs unfavorable for the effective hole transfer. Thus, the QDs photoluminescence (PL) was switched on. PL "off-on" mode, high PL quantum yield of QDs as well as extremely high stability of pATP-H⁺ complex (logKs =7.47) enables pATP-QDs to exhibit an excellent pH detection performance. Under optimal conditions, the present probe exhibits a good linear relationship between fluorescence response and pH values in pH range 3.2–6.0. Furthermore, the present probe exhibits a high selectivity for proton over other common cations and has been successfully used for pH detection in real water samples.

Graphical abstract

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Evaluation of remediation techniques in soils affected by residual contamination with heavy metals and arsenic

Publication date: 15 April 2017
Source:Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 191
Author(s): M. García-Carmona, A. Romero-Freire, M. Sierra Aragón, F.J. Martínez Garzón, F.J. Martín Peinado
Residual soil pollution from the Aznalcóllar mine spill is still a problem in some parts of the affected area, today converted in the Guadiamar Green Corridor. Dispersed spots of polluted soils, identified by the absence of vegetation, are characterized by soil acid pH and high concentrations of As, Pb, Cu and Zn. Ex situ remediation techniques were performed with unrecovered soil samples. Landfarming, Composting and Biopiles techniques were tested in order to immobilize pollutants, to improve soil properties and to promote vegetation recovery. The effectiveness of these techniques was assessed by toxicity bioassays: Lactuca sativa L. root elongation test, Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence reduction test, soil induced respiration test, and Eisenia andrei survival and metal bioaccumulation tests. Landfarming and Composting were not effective techniques, mainly due to the poor improvement of soil properties which maintained high soluble concentrations of Zn and Cu after treatments. Biopile technique, using adjacent recovered soils in the area, was the most effective action in the reduction of soil toxicity; the improvement of soil properties and the reduction in pollutants solubility were key to improve the response of the tested organisms. Therefore, the mixture of recovered soils with polluted soils in the areas affected by residual contamination is considered a more suitable technique to reduce the residual pollution and to promote the complete soil recovery in the Guadiamar Green Corridor.

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Amplified using DNase I and aptamer/graphene oxide for sensing prostate specific antigen in human serum

Publication date: June 2017
Source:Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Volume 244
Author(s): Bi-Yun Fang, Chun-Yuan Wang, Cheng Li, Hai-Bo Wang, Yuan-Di Zhao
In this paper, we proposed an amplified assay using DNase I for sensitively sensing prostate specific antigen (PSA) based on CdSe/ZnS quantum dot labelled PSA aptamer/graphene oxide (QD-aptamer/GO). In this sensing system, GO could strongly bind QD conjugated aptamer and quench the fluorescence of QD, furthermore, GO could protect DNA from nuclease cleavage. When binding target PSA, aptamer probe released from the surface of GO nanosheet, then the free aptamer could be cleaved by nuclease, thus the QD and PSA were liberated, after that, the released PSA would bind another aptamer on GO nanosheet and start a new cycle, which resulted in amplification of restoring signal. The probe possessed steady fluorescence signal and high specificity due to the anti photobleaching of QD and the high affinity of aptamer to PSA. Under the optimum experimental conditions, fluorescence intensity increased linearly with the PSA concentration between 0.1fgmL⁻¹ and 3fgmL⁻¹ with the limit of quantification of 0.05fgmL⁻¹, which was three orders of magnitude lower than that without DNase I. Finally, the method was applied to quantification of PSA in human serum samples.

http://ift.tt/2jAak3K

Fatigue cracking characteristics of fiber Laser-VPTIG hybrid butt welded 7N01P-T4 aluminum alloy

Publication date: May 2017
Source:International Journal of Fatigue, Volume 98
Author(s): J.N. Qiao, J.X. Lu, S.K. Wu
In this paper, 4mm-thick AA7N01P-T4 was welded using fiber laser-variable polarity tungsten inert gas (VPTIG) hybrid welding with filler wire. After natural aging of 60days, microstructures and fatigue properties of hybrid welding joints were investigated by Optical Microscope (OM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Electron Back Scattered Diffraction (EBSD) and high-cycle fatigue & fatigue cracking growth rate testing. The effect of reinforcement on the fatigue behavior was also investigated. The experimental results shown that natural aging induced the amount of precipitates enriched with Zn and Mg and the dislocation density in the joint to increase, and the precipitates distributing mainly along to the grain boundaries. Welding reinforcement has significant effect on the fatigue limit. The fatigue limit of joint with reinforcement is 115MPa and the fatigue crack is initiated along to the weld toe. Whereas, joints without reinforcement show the fatigue limit of 160MPa and the fatigue crack initiation and final fracture both in weld center. For the same aging weld without reinforcement, natural aging caused the fatigue crack growth rate to slow down compared to as-welded joint, which be equivalent to that of heat-affected zone (HAZ) and BM.

Graphical abstract

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Fabrication of a novel NiFe2O4/Zn-Al layered double hydroxide intercalated with EDTA composite and its adsorption behavior for Cr(VI) from aqueous solution

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Volume 104
Author(s): Lin Deng, Zhou Shi, Li Wang, Shiqing Zhou
A novel magnetic NiFe2O4/Zn-Al layered double hydroxide intercalated with EDTA composite (NiFe2O4/ZnAl-EDTA LDH) was prepared through modified coprecipitation method and employed for adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The adsorbents were characterized using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Factors affecting the Cr(VI) adsorption, such as initial solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial Cr(VI) concentration, temperature and coexisting ions, were studied systematically. Experiments results show that the magnetic NiFe2O4/ZnAl-EDTA LDH exhibits high adsorption efficiency within a wide pH range of 3.0–7.0 (R>80% at Cr(VI) concentration 50mgL⁻¹, contact time 360min, and adsorbent dosage 2g/L) and quick separation property. The adsorption process is fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum theoretical adsorption capacity is found to be 77.22mgg⁻¹ at pH 6.0 and 318K. The positive ΔH value (2.907kJmol⁻¹) and negative ΔG value (−4.722kJmol⁻¹) at 298–318K reveals that the adsorption process is feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. Coexisting anions (PO4^3-, SO4²⁻, CO3²⁻, HCO3⁻, Cl⁻, and NO3⁻) have no significant effect on Cr(VI) removal. The mechanism study indicates that the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto NiFe2O4/ZnAl-EDTA LDH mainly involves electrostatic attraction and ion exchange interaction. It is interesting to note that a proportion of Cr(VI) adsorbed on the adsorbent surface are reduced to Cr(III) during the adsorption process. Results from this study demonstrate the potential utility of the magnetic NiFe2O4/ZnAl-EDTA LDH that could be developed into a viable technology for efficient removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution.

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Editorial Board

Publication date: February 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 93

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Letter to the editor

Publication date: February 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 93
Author(s): Ad Snik

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Otitis media in children: A proposal for a new nosological classification

Publication date: February 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 93
Author(s): Sara Torretta, Paola Marchisio

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Prevalence of human papillomavirus in tonsil brushings and gargles in cancer-free patients: The SPLIT study

Publication date: March 2017
Source:Oral Oncology, Volume 66
Author(s): Jean-Damien Combes, Véronique Dalstein, Tarik Gheit, Gary M. Clifford, Massimo Tommasino, Christine Clavel, Jean Lacau St Guily, Silvia Franceschi
ObjectiveTo evaluate human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in the tonsil using extensive ex vivo brushing and gargling in a large age-stratified sample of cancer-free patients.Materials and methodsFrom 2012 to 2016, consecutive patients undergoing tonsillectomy for benign indications in 19 French University Hospitals were invited to participate in the SPLIT study. Immediately after resection, half-tonsils were extensively brushed at the pathology laboratories on the surface epithelium and in tonsil crypts to collect exfoliated cells. In 11 centers, patients aged 15 and over (adults) were also asked to provide gargle samples before surgery. HPV-DNA detection used a very sensitive Luminex technology to evaluate 21 HPV types.ResultsTonsil brushings from 692 patients aged 1–70 years and gargles from 268 adults were tested for HPV. Among adults, overall HPV prevalence was 3.6% in tonsil brushings and 13.1% in gargles and HPV16 prevalence was 2.2% and 4.1%, respectively. Among 139 children, tonsil brushings were positive in two girls (1.4%). Percent agreement in HPV detection in paired tonsil brushings and gargles in adults was 85.8% and positive agreement 9.5%. HPV prevalence in gargles significantly varied by sex (prevalence ratio in men vs women=2.1; 95% confidence interval; 1.1–4.1) and tonsillectomy indication (non-infectious vs. infectious=4.9; 1.4–17.0).ConclusionHPV infection is infrequent in tonsil brushings of cancer-free children and adults. In contrast, HPV infection in gargles in adults is rather common. Low agreement in paired tonsil brushings and gargles suggests that gargle is not representative of HPV prevalence in the tonsil.

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Editorial Board/Aims & Scope

Publication date: February 2017
Source:Oral Oncology, Volume 65

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Sleep loss and structural plasticity

Publication date: June 2017
Source:Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 44
Author(s): Cassandra C. Areal, Simon C. Warby, Valérie Mongrain
Wakefulness and sleep are dynamic states during which brain functioning is modified and shaped. Sleep loss is detrimental to many brain functions and results in structural changes localized at synapses in the nervous system. In this review, we present and discuss some of the latest observations of structural changes following sleep loss in some vertebrates and insects. We also emphasize that these changes are region-specific and cell type-specific and that, most importantly, these structural modifications have functional roles in sleep regulation and brain functions. Selected mechanisms driving structural modifications occurring with sleep loss are also discussed. Overall, recent research highlights that extending wakefulness impacts synapse number and shape, which in turn regulate sleep need and sleep-dependent learning/memory.

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Patient with Rising Thyroglobulin : Hodgkin's Lymphoma,Thyroid Cancer

Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182

6948891480

alsfakia@gmail.com

Tumor Evolution: Linear, Branching, Neutral or Punctuated?

Publication date: Available online 19 January 2017
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer
Author(s): Alexander Davis, Ruli Gao, Nicholas Navin
Intratumor heterogeneity has been widely reported in human cancers, but our knowledge of how this genetic diversity emerges over time remains limited. A central challenge in studying tumor evolution is the difficulty in collecting longitudinal samples from cancer patients. Consequently, most studies have inferred tumor evolution from single time-point samples, providing very indirect information. These data have led to several competing models of tumor evolution: linear, branching, neutral and punctuated. Each model makes different assumptions regarding the timing of mutations and selection of clones, and therefore has different implications for the diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of cancer patients. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that models may change during tumor progression or operate concurrently for different classes of mutations. Finally, we discuss data that supports the theory that most human tumors evolve from a single cell in the normal tissue. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Evolutionary principles - heterogeneity in cancer?, edited by Dr. Robert A. Gatenby.

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Cancer cell metabolism and mitochondria: nutrient plasticity for TCA cycle fueling

Publication date: Available online 18 January 2017
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer
Author(s): Cyril Corbet, Olivier Feron
Warburg's hypothesis that cancer cells take up a lot of glucose in the presence of ambient oxygen but convert pyruvate into lactate due to impaired mitochondrial function led to the misconception that cancer cells rely on glycolysis as their major source of energy. Most recent ¹³C–based metabolomic studies, including in cancer patients, indicate that cancer cells may also fully oxidize glucose. In addition to glucose-derived pyruvate, lactate, fatty acids and amino acids supply substrates to the TCA cycle to sustain mitochondrial metabolism. Here, we discuss how the metabolic flexibility afforded by these multiple mitochondrial inputs allows cancer cells to adapt according to the availability of the different fuels and the microenvironmental conditions such as hypoxia and acidosis. In particular, we focused on the role of the TCA cycle in interconnecting numerous metabolic routes in order to highlight metabolic vulnerabilities that represent attractive targets for a new generation of anticancer drugs.

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The dangers of parathyroid biopsy

Thoracic outlet mass presenting with severe biochemical hyperparathyroidism and classic hypercalcemic symptoms of renal and bone involvement.

Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182

6948891480

alsfakia@gmail.com

Masthead

Publication date: January–February 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 1

http://ift.tt/2iLII79

Publication date: January–February 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 1

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Editorial Board

Publication date: January–February 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 1

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American Brachytherapy Task Group Report: A pooled analysis of clinical outcomes for high-dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer

Publication date: January–February 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 1
Author(s): Jyoti Mayadev, Akila Viswanathan, Yu Liu, Chin-Shang Li, Kevin Albuquerque, Antonio L. Damato, Sushil Beriwal, Beth Erickson
PurposeAdvanced imaging used in combination with brachytherapy (BT) has revolutionized the treatment of patients with cervical cancer. We present a comprehensive review of the literature for definitive radiation with high-dose-rate (HDR) BT. In addition, we investigate potential outcome improvement with image-based brachytherapy (IBBT) compared to studies using traditional Point A dosing. This review extensively investigates acute and late toxicities.Methods and MaterialsThis study reviews the literature from 2000 to 2015 with an emphasis on modern approaches including concurrent chemotherapy (chemoRT), radiation, and HDR BT and IBBT. Descriptive statistics and pelvic control (PC), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) outcomes were calculated using weighted means to report pooled analysis of outcomes.ResultsLiterature search yielded 16 prospective, 51 retrospective studies that reported survival outcomes, and 13 retrospective studies that focused on acute and late toxicity outcomes regardless of applicator type. There are 57 studies that report Point A dose specification with 33 having chemoRT, and 10 studies that use IBBT, 8 with chemoRT. Patients receiving radiation and chemoRT with HDR BT in the prospective studies, with >24 months followup, rates of PC were: for RT: 73%, SD: 11; CRT: 82%, SD: 8; DFS—RT: 55%, SD: 10; CRT: 65%, SD: 7; OS—RT: 66%, SD: 7; CRT: 70%, SD: 11. In the retrospective studies, the PC rates (weighted means) for the radiation and chemoradiation outcomes are 75% vs. 80%, and for DFS, the values were 55% vs. 63%, respectively. Comparing patients receiving chemoRT and IBBT to traditional Point A dose specification, there is a significant improvement in PC (p < 0.01) and DFS (p < 0.01) with IBBT. The range of genitourinary late toxicity reported for radiation was Grade 3: 1–6% and for chemoRT 2–20%. The range of late gastrointestinal toxicity for radiation was Grade 3: 4–11% and for chemoRT, 1–11%. For the late gynecologic toxicity, only 1 of the 16 prospective trials report a Grade 1–2 of 17% for radiation and 9% for chemoRT effects.ConclusionsWe present concise outcomes of PC, DFS, OS, and toxicity for cervical cancer patients treated with chemoradiation and HDR BT. Our data suggest an improvement in outcomes with the use of IBBT compared with traditional Point A dose prescriptions. In conclusion, HDR BT is a safe, effective modality when combined with IBBT.

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The American College of Radiology and the American Brachytherapy Society practice parameter for transperineal permanent brachytherapy of prostate cancer

Publication date: January–February 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 1
Author(s): Nathan H.J. Bittner, Peter F. Orio, Gregory S. Merrick, Bradley R. Prestidge, Alan Charles Hartford, Seth A. Rosenthal
Transperineal permanent brachytherapy is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with organ-confined prostate cancer. Careful adherence to established brachytherapy standards has been shown to improve the likelihood of procedural success and reduce the incidence of treatment-related morbidity. A collaborative effort of the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) has produced practice parameters for LDR prostate brachytherapy. These practice parameters define the qualifications and responsibilities of all the involved personnel, including the radiation oncologist, physicist and dosimetrist. Factors with respect to patient selection and appropriate use of supplemental treatment modalities such as external beam radiation and androgen suppression therapy are discussed. Logistics with respect to the brachytherapy implant procedure, the importance of dosimetric guidelines, and attention to radiation safety procedures and documentation are presented. Adherence to these parameters can be part of ensuring quality and safety in a successful prostate brachytherapy program.

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The American College of Radiology and the American Brachytherapy Society practice parameter for the performance of low-dose-rate brachytherapy

Publication date: January–February 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 1
Author(s): Akila N. Viswanathan, Beth A. Erickson, Geoffrey S. Ibbott, William Small, Patricia J. Eifel
Brachytherapy is the use of radionuclides to treat malignancies or benign conditions by means of a radiation source placed close to or into the tumor or treatment site. This practice parameter refers only to the use of radionuclide brachytherapy. Brachytherapy alone or combined with external beam therapy plays an important role in the management and treatment of patients with cancer. Low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy has traditionally been used for treating prostate, head and neck, breast, cervical, and endometrial cancers as well as obstructive bile duct, esophageal, or bronchial lesions. It has been practiced for over a century with a variety of sources including radium-226, cesium-137, and, more recently, iridium- 192, iodine-125, and palladium-103. Low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy can be given as interstitial, intracavitary, intraluminal, and/or plesiotherapy to a wide variety of treatment sites. This practice parameter addresses sealed sources as they are used for LDR brachytherapy. It is recognized that unsealed sources (e.g., yttrium-90) are also a form of LDR brachytherapy.

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The American College of Radiology and the American Brachytherapy Society practice parameter for the performance of radionuclide-based high-dose-rate brachytherapy

Publication date: January–February 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 1
Author(s): Beth A. Erickson, Nathan H.J. Bittner, Manjeet Chadha, Firas Mourtada, D. Jeffrey Demanes
Brachytherapy is a radiation therapy method in which radionuclide sources are used to deliver a radiation dose at a distance of up to a few centimeters by surface, intracavitary, intraluminal, or interstitial application. This practice parameter refers only to the use of radionuclides for brachytherapy. Brachytherapy alone or combined with external beam therapy plays an important role in the management and treatment of patients with cancer. High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy uses radionuclides such as iridium-192 at dose rates of 20 cGy per minute (12 Gy per hour) or more to a designated target point or volume. High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy is indicated for treating malignant or benign tumors where the treatment volume or targeted points are defined and accessible.

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An essential role of CBL and CBL-B ubiquitin ligases in mammary stem cell maintenance [RESEARCH ARTICLE]

Bhopal Mohapatra, Neha Zutshi, Wei An, Benjamin Goetz, Priyanka Arya, Timothy A. Bielecki, Insha Mustaq, Matthew D. Storck, Jane L. Meza, Vimla Band, and Hamid Band

CBL and CBL-B ubiquitin ligases are negative regulators of tyrosine kinase signaling with established roles in the immune system. However, their physiological roles in epithelial tissues are unknown. Here we used the MMTV-Cre-mediated Cbl gene deletion on a Cbl-b-null background as well as a tamoxifen-inducible mammary stem cell (MaSC)-specific Cbl/Cbl-b double knockout (DKO), using Lgr5-GFP-CreERT, to demonstrate a mammary epithelial cell-autonomous requirement of CBL and CBL-B in the maintenance of MaSCs. Using a newly engineered tamoxifen (TAM)-inducible Cbl/Cbl-b deletion model with a dual fluorescent reporter (Cbl^flox/flox; Cbl-b^flox/flox; Rosa26-CreERT; mT/mG), we show that Cbl/Cbl-b DKO in mammary organoids leads to hyper-activation of AKT-mTOR signaling with depletion of MaSCs. Chemical inhibition of AKT or mTOR rescued MaSCs from Cbl/Cbl-b DKO induced depletion. Our studies reveal a novel, cell-autonomous, requirement of CBL and CBL-B in epithelial stem cell maintenance during organ development and remodeling through modulation of mTOR signaling.

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Epidemiologie bösartiger Hodentumoren in Deutschland

Zusammenfassung

Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle epidemiologische Ergebnisse zum Hodenkrebs in Deutschland und beruht im Wesentlichen auf den Daten der epidemiologischen Krebsregister. Hodenkrebs gehört mit jährlich etwa 4100 Neuerkrankungen in Deutschland zu den seltenen Tumoren. Da mehr als 80 % der Erkrankungsfälle vor dem 50. Lebensjahr auftreten, ist er der häufigste bösartige Tumor bei Männern im jungen Erwachsenenalter. Histologisch dominieren mit etwa 60 % Seminome. Nichtseminome treten dagegen vor dem 30. Lebensjahr häufiger auf. In den letzten Jahrzehnten war in Deutschland wie in vielen anderen Industrienationen ein deutlicher Anstieg der altersstandardisierten Erkrankungsrate zu beobachten, der sich in den letzten Jahren nicht mehr fortzusetzen scheint. Fortschritte in der Therapie führen inzwischen dazu, dass die Lebenserwartung der Patienten gegenüber der Allgemeinbevölkerung kaum eingeschränkt ist; ungünstiger ist die Prognose noch bei älteren Patienten mit Nichtseminomen oder selteneren Formen. Aufgrund des jungen Erkrankungsalters und der geringen Mortalität weist die Erkrankung eine hohe Lebenszeitprävalenz auf: Mittlerweile leben in Deutschland geschätzt etwa 120.000 Männer, bei denen jemals ein Hodenkrebs diagnostiziert wurde. Die Erforschung von Langzeit- bzw. Therapiefolgen wie Zweittumoren und kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen stellt somit ein wichtiges Gebiet der epidemiologischen Forschung dar.

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An evaluation of the quality of evidence available to inform current Bone Conduction Hearing Device national policy

Abstract

Objectives

In 2016 NHS England published the commissioning policy on Bone Conducting Hearing Devices (BCHDs). This policy was informed by updated evidence on the clinical and cost effectiveness of BCHDs as well as by the 2013 Bone Anchored Hearing Aid (BAHA) policy. Commissioning policies set the criteria for service delivery and therefore have a major impact on the care received by patients. It is important that stakeholders have a good appreciation of the available evidence informing policy, since this will promote engagement both with the policy as well as with future research leading on from the policy. In this paper, we provide stakeholders with a transparent and pragmatic assessment of the quality of the body of evidence available to inform current BCHD national policy.

Method

1.A systematic review of the literature on BCHDs published since the development of the 2013 policy was performed in September 2016, adhering to PRISMA recommendations. The search terms used were: bone conduction; bone conducting; bone anchor; BAHA; Bone Anchored Hearing Aid; Bone Conducting Hearing Device; BCHD; Bone Conduction Hearing Implant; BCHI; Sophono; Bonebridge; Soundbite; Ponto; Hearing aid; implant; device; hearing device. Publications that could inform current BCHD policy were included. The quality of included articles was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system.

2.The quality of evidence referenced by the 2013 BAHA policy was assessed using the GRADE system.

Results

1.Out of the 2576 publications on BCHDs identified by the systematic search, 39 met the inclusion criteria for further analysis. Using the GRADE criteria, the quality of evidence was classified as of 'very low quality.'

2.The 2013 BAHA policy was informed by 14 references. The GRADE system classifies the quality of evidence that informed the policy as of 'very low quality'.

Conclusions

The GRADE system defines the body of evidence available to inform current national BCHD policy as of 'very low quality'. There is an urgent need for high quality research to help make informed policy decisions about the care of patients with hearing loss. An (inter)national registry of BCHDs could address this need.

http://ift.tt/2k2c7uX

Letter to editor, plastic temporal bones

Abstract

I was delighted to note that in Table 2 of this review¹ plastic bones got the most pluses of all the platforms. However, I have to disagree with the quote about the malposition of the facial nerve near the second genu and the inadequate representation of the lateral semicircular canal in Pettigrew Temporal Bones. It is impossible for the facial nerve to be malpositioned in my bones. To make the bone I take an impression of a dissected cadaver bone where the Fallopian canal has been deroofed.

http://ift.tt/2iDI0Od

An evaluation of the quality of evidence available to inform current Bone Conduction Hearing Device national policy

Abstract

Objectives

Method

2.The quality of evidence referenced by the 2013 BAHA policy was assessed using the GRADE system.

Results

2.The 2013 BAHA policy was informed by 14 references. The GRADE system classifies the quality of evidence that informed the policy as of 'very low quality'.

Conclusions

http://ift.tt/2k2c7uX

Letter to editor, plastic temporal bones

Abstract

http://ift.tt/2iDI0Od

Imaging of Intracranial and Orbital Complications of Sinusitis and Atypical Sinus Infection: What the Radiologist Needs to Know

Publication date: Available online 18 January 2017
Source:Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology
Author(s): Vinodkumar Velayudhan, Zeshan A. Chaudhry, Wendy R.K. Smoker, Roman Shinder, Deborah Reede
Sinusitis is a common disease. Complications, however, are less common and can be life threatening. Major complications occur from extension of disease into the orbit and intracranial compartment and often require emergent treatment with intravenous antibiotics or operative intervention. Immunocompromised patients with acute sinusitis are susceptible to atypical infections, such as invasive fungal sinusitis, which is a surgical emergency. Therefore, it is important to accurately and promptly identify potentional complications of acute sinusitis to ensure appropriate treatment and minimize negative outcomes. This article reviews the imaging features of a spectrum of complications associated with acute sinusitis and atypical infections.

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Functional Outcome of CAD/CAM-Assisted versus Conventional Microvascular, Fibular Free Flap Reconstruction of the Mandible: A Retrospective Study of 30 Cases

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1597823

Background Different advantages of virtually planned and guided mandibular reconstructions have been described. Functional analyses and comparisons with conventionally reconstructed patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 30 cases of mandibular reconstructions that involved virtually planned or conventional microvascular, fibular free flaps that occurred between April 2011 and December 2014 at a single center. The results were also compared with a healthy cohort of 30 participants. Axiographic measurements were performed postoperatively, and uni- and multivariate regressions analyses were performed to determine the association between possible predictor variables on functional outcome. Results Operation time, hospital stay, number of osteotomies, incidence of postoperative temporomandibular joint pain, noise, and tension did not differ significantly between the conventional and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) groups (each p > 0.05). Mouth opening and protrusion and laterotrusion also did not differ significantly (each p > 0.05) but were significantly reduced compared with the healthy group. Univariate analysis showed a significant influence of postoperative irradiation on mouth opening and laterotrusion in the conventional group (p = 0.047 and p = 0.028). In addition, multivariate analysis showed a significant influence of indication and number of osteotomies on laterotrusion (p = 0.005 and p = 0.043). Uni and multivariate analyses revealed a significant influence of indication, preoperative irradiation, and number of osteotomies on protrusion and mouth opening in the CAD/CAM group (p = 0.016, p = 0.044, and p = 0.028). Conclusion CAD/CAM-assisted reconstructions of the mandible give comparable functional results with those of the conventional technique, but no functional superiority has been established. Nevertheless, the integration of virtual planning and guided surgery is definitely of significant value but should be indicated individually case by case.
[...]

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Vasculature Characterization of a Multiterritory Perforator Flap: An Experimental Study

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1598011

Background Tip necrosis in the perforator flap is a significant problem in clinical practice. This study aimed to characterize the vasculature of a multiterritory perforator flap using a rat model and to investigate the impact of the vasculature on flap survival. Methods In total, 105 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups, including the control, 3 hours postoperative (PO), 12 hours PO, 1 day PO, 3 days PO, 5 days PO, and 7 days PO. A perforator flap with three territories based on the deep iliac circumflex artery was performed. Flaps with only skin incisions and vessel exposure were performed in the control group. The first choke zone (FCZ) was located between the anatomical and dynamic territories, and the second choke zone (SCZ) was located between the dynamic and potential territories. Sodium fluorescein and lead oxide-gelatin angiography and histological examination were performed in each group. Results Sodium fluorescein angiography revealed delayed staining in the perforator flap PO, particularly in the FCZ and SCZ. The delay phenomenon disappeared after 12 hours PO in the FCZ and after 1 day PO in the SCZ. Nonfluorescein-stained areas were found distal to the potential territory. In the FCZ PO, the choke vessels were dilated, while the number of microvessels was increased in the SCZ without choke vessel dilation. Conclusions The remodeling of choke vessels and increase in microvessel number represent arteriogenesis and angiogenesis, respectively. This neovascularization was responsible for flap survival in the entire dynamic territory and part of the potential territory.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

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Cross-Lingual Neighborhood Effects in Generalized Lexical Decision and Natural Reading.

Author: Dirix, Nicolas; Cop, Uschi; Drieghe, Denis; Duyck, Wouter

DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000352

Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 16 January 2017

http://ift.tt/2iTMRZV

How Our Own Speech Rate Influences Our Perception of Others.

Author: Bosker, Hans Rutger

DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000381

Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 16 January 2017

http://ift.tt/2jpxqYf

Test Expectancy and Memory for Important Information.

Author: Middlebrooks, Catherine D.; Murayama, Kou; Castel, Alan D.

DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000360

Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 16 January 2017

http://ift.tt/2iTB4Ld

Investigating Developmental Trajectories of Morphemes as Reading Units in German.

Author: Hasenacker, Jana; Schroter, Pauline; Schroeder, Sascha

DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000353

Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 16 January 2017

http://ift.tt/2jpAhAh

Einsatz von E-Learning an deutschen Universitäts-HNO-Kliniken

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-117640

E-Learning ist ein integraler Bestandteil innovativer Lehrkonzepte. Gerade die anatomisch und funktionell anspruchsvolle HNO-Heilkunde eignet sich besonders für selbstgesteuertes und digital visualisiertes Lernen. Der Implementierungsgrad von E-Learning an deutschen HNO-Universitätskliniken sowie systematische Rückmeldungen von Medizinstudierenden in Deutschland sind derzeit nicht bekannt. Wir führten eine Erhebung des Bedarfs und der aktuellen Nutzung von E-Learning im Fach HNO-Heilkunde an den medizinischen Fakultäten der deutschen Universitäten durch. Hierbei wurden im Sommersemester 2015 Lehrstühle und Studierende durch elektronische und papierbasierte Fragebögen befragt. Die Untersuchung ergab eine heterogene Struktur und Qualität an E-Learning-Angebot und -Qualität. Insgesamt findet in der deutschen universitären HNO-Heilkunde bisher relativ wenig E-Learning statt. Jedoch gab über die Hälfte der Kliniken an, dass E-Learning die eigene Lehre verbessert habe. Verbessere Kooperation innerhalb der Fakultäten und zwischen den HNO-Kliniken könnte hier zusätzliche Potentiale erschließen, technische Hürden bewältigen und helfen, ambitioniertere Projekte zu realisieren.
[...]

Article in Thieme eJournals:
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Abduzensparese mit Ursache im HNO-Fachgebiet

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-119031

Patienten mit Abduzensparesen werden oft primär in konservativen Fachrichtungen behandelt. Häufig liegt eine temporäre Störung vor, die mit vaskulären oder neurologischen Erkrankungen assoziiert ist. Selten verursachen Entzündungen, Schädelbasistumore oder Traumata Abduzensparesen, die eine HNO-ärztliche Intervention erforderlich machen. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht retrospektiv die Relevanz der Abduzensparese in der HNO und die fachgebietsbezogen erzielten Heilungsraten. In den Jahren 2008–2011 wurden 15 Patienten mit Abduzensparesen behandelt. Davon wurden 14 Patienten operativ und eine Patientin konservativ therapiert. Bei 6 operativ versorgten Patienten handelte es sich um die Komplikation einer Entzündung. Im Rahmen von Nasennebenhöhlenoperationen und Panendoskopien fanden sich bei 7 Patienten Schädelbasismalignome. Bei einem Patienten konnte die Ursache der Parese nicht geklärt werden. In zwei Drittel der Patienten mit entzündlichen Ursachen der Abduzensparese wurde nach kombinierter chirurgischer und i. v.-antibiotischer Therapie die vollständige Remission der Parese erreicht. Alle Tumorpatienten litten auch nach abgeschlossener primärer Radiochemotherapie weiterhin an Abduzensparesen – davon zeigte ein Drittel zumindest eine partielle Remission. Bei der verunfallten Patientin ergab sich im Verlauf von 3 Monaten eine Teilremission der Parese. Das Leitsymptom Abduzensparese erfordert bei komplizierten extrakraniellen Entzündungen, Tumoren oder Traumata den an der Schädelbasis erfahrenen HNO-Chirurgen. Die Remissionsraten der Tumorpatienten sind deutlich schlechter als bei den an Entzündungen erkrankten Patienten. Insgesamt beträgt die Remissionsrate aller Patienten 60% in der untersuchten Gruppe.
[...]

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Langzeitergebnisse eines Screeningverfahrens für erwachsene Cochlea-Implantat-Kandidaten

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-117641

Diese Studie gibt eine Abschätzung der Langzeitergebnisse eines Screeningverfahrens für Cochlea-Implantat-Kandidaten in einer Gruppe von Hörgerätenutzern.In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden Sprachverstehen und Hörschwelle in 185 Patienten (318 Ohren) analysiert. Die in den 2 Jahren nach ipsilateralem Screening erfolgte Behandlung des beobachteten Kollektivs wurde analysiert. Für die mit einem Cochlea-Implantat versorgten Patienten wurden die sprachaudiometrischen Ergebnisse in Beziehung zu ihrem präoperativen Sprachverstehen gesetzt.Von den 96 Fällen, welche als Cochlea-Implantat-Kandidaten identifiziert worden sind, wurden 34 versorgt. Von den 222 als Hörgerätekandidaten klassifizierten Fällen kam es lediglich in 4 Fällen zu einer Cochlea-Implantat-Versorgung. Versorgte Patienten mit einem präoperativen Sprachverstehen mit Hörgerät oberhalb 0% zeigten eine mittlere Verbesserung von 65 Prozentpunkten im Freiburger-Einsilber-Test.Das vorgeschlagene Screeningverfahren ermöglicht ein effektives klinisches Management des Zuweisungsprozesses von Cochlea-Implantat-Kandidaten.
[...]

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Prospektive Untersuchung zur Ergebnisqualität von Schilddrüsenoperationen in einer HNO-Klinik

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-119071

Die im Hals gelegene Schilddrüse wird in Deutschland nicht als selbstverständliches Betätigungsfeld für den Facharzt für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde betrachtet, sondern häufiger – vermutlich aus eher historischen Gründen – vom Allgemeinchirurgen operiert. Da derartige Eingriffe an unserer Abteilung etabliert sind, war dies für uns Anlass, prospektiv unsere Behandlungsresultate zu untersuchen und Erfahrungen darzustellen.Es handelt sich um eine prospektive Untersuchung beginnend im Jahre 2014. Dabei konnten insgesamt 231 Patienten erfasst, die prä-, intra- und postoperativen Befunde erhoben werden. Es handelte sich um 167 Frauen und 64 Männer. Die Altersspanne reichte von 16 bis zu 89 Jahren mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 53,5. Der Median der Verweildauer lag bei 3 Tagen mit einem Minimum von 1 und einem Maximum von 25 Tagen bei einer Patientin mit einem medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinom, die internistisch multimorbide war.Da viele Symptome von Schilddrüsenerkrankungen sich im genuinen Bereich unseres Fachgebietes manifestieren, können wir keinen nachvollziehbaren Grund erkennen, warum Otorhinolaryngologen derartige Eingriffe nicht durchführen sollten, die von der klinischen Untersuchung, der präoperativen Diagnostik, dem subtilen Umgang mit Weichgewebe und nervalen Strukturen sowie der Nachbehandlung unserer Ansicht prädestiniert sind. Neben der eigenen Expertise ist eine enge Kooperation mit den Kollegen der Nuklearmedizin und auch Hausärzten bzw. Internisten unabdingbar.
[...]

Article in Thieme eJournals:
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Langzeitergebnisse eines Screeningverfahrens für erwachsene Cochlea-Implantat-Kandidaten

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-117641

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text

http://ift.tt/2jNorjw

Einsatz von E-Learning an deutschen Universitäts-HNO-Kliniken

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-117640

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text

http://ift.tt/2iTMFdh

Abduzensparese mit Ursache im HNO-Fachgebiet

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-119031

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text

http://ift.tt/2jNw89k

Prospektive Untersuchung zur Ergebnisqualität von Schilddrüsenoperationen in einer HNO-Klinik

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-119071

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text

http://ift.tt/2iTwFI8

Intranasal azelastine and mometasone exhibit a synergistic effect on a murine model of allergic rhinitis

The purpose of this study was to compare the anti-allergic effects of the combination of azelastine and mometasone with those of either agent alone in a Dermatophagoides farinae (Derf)-induced murine model of allergic rhinitis (AR).

http://ift.tt/2jyFHeQ

Two-stage CO2-laser-assisted bilateral cordectomy for cT1b glottic carcinoma

The aim of the present paper was to investigate the oncological safety of two-stage bilateral cordectomy for the treatment of cT1b glottic SCC, and to compare its oncological outcome and synechia development rate with those of single-stage procedures.

http://ift.tt/2jyIYej

Laryngeal alveolar soft part sarcoma: A case report of a rare malignancy in an atypical location

Laryngeal sarcoma is a rare and potentially aggressive malignancy. In this case report, we present a 23year-old-male with four-years of progressive hoarseness who was found to have a large left paraglottic mass. A partial laryngectomy was successful at completely excising the lesion. Final pathology returned as alveolar soft part sarcoma. Alveolar soft part sarcomas of the larynx are extremely rare with only five cases published in the current literature. This article provides a case presentation with literature review of alveolar soft part sarcoma of the head and neck.

http://ift.tt/2jyArb0

Tongue Retaining Devices for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) remains a prevalent and difficult disease to treat [1–4]. Treatment modalities range from the most non-invasive form such as lifestyle modifications to surgical procedures that permanently change the patient's anatomy [5–8]. Selection of a specific type of treatment remains largely based on parameters to address specific physiologic and anatomic variables that contribute to the obstructive etiology [4]. In this fashion, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) serves as the gold standard in effectively addressing the obstruction throughout the upper airway [4,7].

http://ift.tt/2jpfFIw

Inpatient Injection Laryngoplasty for Vocal Fold Immobility: When is it Really Necessary?

To compare pulmonary and swallow outcomes of injection laryngoplasty when performed in the acute versus subacute setting in head & neck and thoracic cancer patients presenting with new onset unilateral vocal fold immobility.

http://ift.tt/2jyOmxZ

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the base of tongue: A population-based study

The objective was to assess demographic and survival patterns in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the base of tongue.

http://ift.tt/2jpdmFe

Cortactin and phosphorylated cortactin tyr466 expression in temporal bone carcinoma

Cortactin is a multidomain protein engaged in several cellular mechanisms involving actin assembly and cytoskeletal arrangement. Cortactin overexpression in several malignancies has been associated with increased cell migration, invasion, and metastatic potential. Cortactin needs to be activated by tyrosine or serine/threonine phosphorylation. The role of cortactin and phosphorylated cortactin (residue tyr466) was investigated in temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC).

http://ift.tt/2jyDekM

Reconstruction of Midface Defect from Idiopathic Destructive Process Using Medpor Implant

Reconstruction of the midface remains a challenging task for even the most experienced surgeon, with a host of reconstructive options including free tissue transfer, allografts, or prosthetic implants. Presented here is a case of idiopathic bony destruction of the right midface in a 19 year old female, creating a unique defect requiring repair.

http://ift.tt/2jpnptZ

Rethinking surgical technique and priorities for pediatric tonsillectomy

The past 100 years have witnessed dramatic shifts in the concept of ideal surgical goals and operative technique in tonsil surgery. Surgeons are reviving a technique of intracapsular tonsillectomy with increasing precision thanks to modern technology. With intracapsular tonsillectomy, pediatric patients recover faster, use less pain medication, and have a lower risk of dehydration and hemorrhage. Various considerations will dictate the adoption of this technology in the coming years. This current review explores concepts and controversies surrounding tonsillectomy with a focus on quality improvement.

http://ift.tt/2jpiAkr

Facial Nerve Sacrifice During Parotidectomy: A Cautionary Tale in Pathologic Diagnosis

The parotid gland harbors 85% of all salivary gland neoplasms. Though the majority of tumors are benign, complete surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment. Along with adequate tumor removal, facial nerve preservation is a critical objective. Given the significant negative effects on quality of life following facial nerve sacrifice [1], every effort should be made to spare the nerve until conclusive evidence mandates its removal. Here we share observations from a case where facial nerve sacrifice was considered, but ultimately deferred due to lack of definitive intraoperative pathologic diagnosis.

http://ift.tt/2jpdfK7

Treatment Outcomes in Veterans with HPV-Positive Head and Neck Cancer

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) has an improved prognosis relative to HPV-negative tumors. Patients with HPV-positive disease may benefit from different treatment modalities in order to optimize survival and quality of life. We sought to investigate HPV-positive HNSCC within the military veteran population, and analyze the role of treatment modality in outcomes of patients with HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors.

http://ift.tt/2jyFCb2

Intranasal azelastine and mometasone exhibit a synergistic effect on a murine model of allergic rhinitis

Two-stage CO2-laser-assisted bilateral cordectomy for cT1b glottic carcinoma

Laryngeal alveolar soft part sarcoma: A case report of a rare malignancy in an atypical location

Inpatient Injection Laryngoplasty for Vocal Fold Immobility: When is it Really Necessary?

Tongue Retaining Devices for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the base of tongue: A population-based study

The objective was to assess demographic and survival patterns in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the base of tongue.

http://ift.tt/2jpdmFe

Cortactin and phosphorylated cortactin tyr466 expression in temporal bone carcinoma

Reconstruction of Midface Defect from Idiopathic Destructive Process Using Medpor Implant

Facial Nerve Sacrifice During Parotidectomy: A Cautionary Tale in Pathologic Diagnosis

Rethinking surgical technique and priorities for pediatric tonsillectomy

Treatment Outcomes in Veterans with HPV-Positive Head and Neck Cancer

Editorial Board

Publication date: February 2017
Source:Dental Materials, Volume 33, Issue 2

http://ift.tt/2iTyuoy

Editorial board

Publication date: 27 January 2017
Source:Polymer, Volume 109

http://ift.tt/2jaJGee

Graphical Contents list & Author index

Publication date: 27 January 2017
Source:Polymer, Volume 109

http://ift.tt/2jzlfdS

Can the Structure of Motor Variability Predict Learning Rate?.

Author: Barbado Murillo, David; Caballero Sanchez, Carla; Moreside, Janice; Vera-Garcia, Francisco J.; Moreno, Francisco J.

DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000303

Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 16 January 2017

http://ift.tt/2iLiHFd

Identifying Stimuli That Cue Multiple Responses Triggers the Congruency Sequence Effect Independent of Response Conflict.

Author: Weissman, Daniel H.; Colter, Katelyn M.; Grant, Lauren D.; Bissett, Patrick G.

DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000350

Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 16 January 2017

http://ift.tt/2iLdYDg

Diagnostic validity of ICDAS and DIAGNOdent combined: an in vitro study in pre-cavitated lesions

Abstract

In a continuous process such as caries, it is important to possess criteria or instruments that allow the lesions to be diagnosed at early stages so that preventive or interceptive treatments can be applied before cavitation takes place. The present study seeks to assess the diagnostic efficacy of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) criteria and the DIAGNOdent laser fluorescence (LF) pen in occlusal caries lesions, using histological sections as the gold standard. Sixty-four permanent teeth were examined by two researchers who previously performed and calibrated both the ICDAS II criteria and the use of DIAGNOdent pen. The teeth were then cut into sections and observed under an optical microscope. The sensitivity values were 0.82 (ICDAS II) and 0.85 (LF). The specificity values were 1.00 (ICDAS II) and 0.53 (LF). The intraexaminer reproducibility was 0.892 for ICDAS II and 0.912 for the DIAGNOdent, so it was high for both diagnostic methods. However, the DIAGNOdent pen showed greater sensitivity and the ICDAS criteria more specificity. It was concluded that both methods are efficacious individually but combining the two is recommended to improve the diagnosis.

http://ift.tt/2jaDPFP

Comments regarding: Radia S, Sherriff M, McDonald F, Naini FB. Relationship between maxillary central incisor proportions and facial proportions. J Prosthet Dent 2016;115:741-748

Publication date: Available online 18 January 2017
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Jeffrey L. Tarlow

http://ift.tt/2jzcRLz

Jobsharing: Neue Ausnahme bei der Obergrenze

Zusammenfassung

Ein Vertragsarzt kann sich seinen Sitz mit einem Jobsharer teilen. In gesperrten Planungsbereichen unterliegt der Arzt dann einer Leistungsbegrenzung. Üblicherweise ist die Bemessungsgrundlage das Honorarvolumen der konkreten Praxis aus den letzten 4 Quartalen. Bei unterdurchschnittlichen Praxen richtet sich die Obergrenze seit dem Quartal IV/2016 nun aber nach dem Fachgruppendurchschnitt. Für Fachärzte für plastische Chirurgie oder plastische und ästhetische Chirurgie, die im Vergleich zu den übrigen Fachärzten aus der Fachgruppe der Chirurgen nur über ein geringes vertragsärztliches Honorarvolumen verfügen, eröffnet dies neue attraktive Jobsharing-Möglichkeiten. Jobsharing kann in Form der Anstellung des Jobsharers oder als Jobsharing-Partnerschaft ausgestaltet werden. Soweit keine Übergabe der Praxis an den Jobsharer geplant ist, ist die Anstellung vorzugswürdig. Ist eine Übergabe an den Jobsharer geplant, sollte man eine Vorlaufzeit von gut 5 Jahren einplanen, um die Vorteile des Jobsharing im Nachbesetzungsverfahren voll nutzbar zu machen. Nach 3‑jähriger Jobsharing-Tätigkeit kann der Zulassungsausschuss die Durchführung des Nachbesetzungsverfahrens nicht wegen Überversorgung ablehnen. Nach 5 Jahren gemeinsamer Jobsharing-Tätigkeit ist der Jobsharer darüber hinaus als Nachfolger bevorzugt zu berücksichtigen.

http://ift.tt/2iQC1UG

Jobsharing: Neue Ausnahme bei der Obergrenze

Zusammenfassung

http://ift.tt/2iQC1UG

Predicting brain metastases for non-small cell lung cancer based on magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract

In this study the relationship between brain structure and brain metastases (BM) occurrence was analyzed. A model for predicting the time of BM onset in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was proposed. Twenty patients were used to develop the model, whereas the remaining 69 were used for independent validation and verification of the model. Magnetic resonance images were segmented into cerebrospinal fluid, gray matter (GM), and white matter using voxel-based morphometry. Automatic anatomic labeling template was used to extract 116 brain regions from the GM volume. The elapsed time between the MRI acquisitions and BM diagnosed was analyzed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method. The model was validated using the leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) and permutation test. The GM volume of the extracted 11 regions of interest increased with the progression of BM from NSCLC. LOOCV test on the model indicated that the measured and predicted BM onset were highly correlated (r = 0.834, P = 0.0000). For the 69 independent validating patients, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the model for predicting BM occurrence were 70, 75, and 66%, respectively, in 6 months and 74, 82, and 60%, respectively, in 1 year. The extracted brain GM volumes and interval times for BM occurrence were correlated. The established model based on MRI data may reliably predict BM in 6 months or 1 year. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to validate the findings in a clinical setting.

http://ift.tt/2iQZLrH

Seeing the unseen: uncover the bulk heterogeneous deformation processes in metallic glasses through surface temperature decoding

Publication date: Available online 18 January 2017
Source:Materials Today
Author(s): Yang Song, Xie Xie, Jiajia Luo, Peter K. Liaw, Hairong Qi, Yanfei Gao
Deformation processes in various materials are inhomogeneous in space and jerky in time, with the shear banding in bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) as a quintessential example, but there is a lack of in situ, nondestructive observations of such processes on the appropriate spatio-temporal scales. This work solves this long-lasting difficulty by the integration of in situ infrared (IR) measurements and innovative signal processing algorithms. A spatio-temporal unmixing method is developed to identify the discrete surface 'hot-spots' that are responsible for the initiation and propagation of macroscopic shear bands during the serrated flow. The use of a thermal-electric analogy further identifies depths of these hot-spots, whose magnitudes and locations evolve as the successive shearing process repeats on the major shear band. Seeing the previously 'unseen' localized heat sources and their 3D evolution patterns, both in situ and inside the bulk, reveals for the first time how the coupled structural/thermal softening mechanisms govern the heterogeneous deformation processes in BMGs.

http://ift.tt/2jz3MCu

Use of organic materials in dye-sensitized solar cells

Publication date: Available online 18 January 2017
Source:Materials Today
Author(s): Chuan-Pei Lee, Chun-Ting Li, Kuo-Chuan Ho
In the last two decades, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted more attention as an efficient alternative to economical photovoltaic devices, and the highest efficiency record has increased from ∼7% to ∼14%. To be more competitive in the solar cell markets, various organic materials are investigated and used in DSSCs to improve the cell efficiency, enhance the cell durability, and reduce the cost of production. In this review article, we provide a short review on the organic materials used for the preparation of photoanodes (including metal element-free organic dye sensitizers), quasi/all-solid-state electrolytes, and metal element-free electrocatalytic films in DSSCs with the cell efficiencies of >5%. Finally, the future perspectives for DSSCs are also briefly discussed.

http://ift.tt/2jppQga

The Spatial Release of Cognitive Load in Cocktail Party Is Determined by the Relative Levels of the Talkers

Abstract

In a multi-talker situation, spatial separation between talkers reduces cognitive processing load: this is the "spatial release of cognitive load". The present study investigated the role played by the relative levels of the talkers on this spatial release of cognitive load. During the experiment, participants had to report the speech emitted by a target talker in the presence of a concurrent masker talker. The spatial separation (0° and 120° angular distance in azimuth) and the relative levels of the talkers (adverse, intermediate, and favorable target-to-masker ratio) were manipulated. The cognitive load was assessed with a prefrontal functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Data from 14 young normal-hearing listeners revealed that the target-to-masker ratio had a direct impact on the spatial release of cognitive load. Spatial separation significantly reduced the prefrontal activity only for the intermediate target-to-masker ratio and had no effect on prefrontal activity for the favorable and the adverse target-to-masker ratios. Therefore, the relative levels of the talkers might be a key point to determine the spatial release of cognitive load and more specifically the prefrontal activity induced by spatial cues in multi-talker situations.

http://ift.tt/2jAHXSq

The Spatial Release of Cognitive Load in Cocktail Party Is Determined by the Relative Levels of the Talkers

Abstract

http://ift.tt/2jAHXSq

Pseudoherpetic Transient Acantholytic Dermatosis (Grover disease): Case Series and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Three cases of pseudoherpetic transient acantholytic dermatosis (Grover disease) are presented, followed by a brief review of prior reports. All three patients were above the age of 60 and presented with a pruritic eruption composed of papules with or without vesicles distributed on the trunk. For all three patients, the clinical differential diagnosis included drug eruption but did not include Grover disease; in one patient, the clinical impression included herpesvirus infection. Similar histologic and immunohistochemical findings were demonstrated in all three cases. Intraepidermal vesicles with acantholysis, multinucleation, and and hypereosinophilic keratinocytes mimicking necrosis raised the possibility of herpesvirus infection. However, the focality of the process at scanning magnification, absence of true cytopathic effect despite multinucleation, and identification of dyskeratosis rather than true necrosis all permitted for morphologic distinction as pseudoherpetic change. Immunohistochemistry, negative for herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus antigens, also distinguished pseudoherpetic change in these patients from a true herpesvirus infection. This series highlights an uncommon histologic variant of a common disorder and describes morphologic and immunohistochemical findings to facilitate its distinction from true herpesvirus infection.

http://ift.tt/2jAK0WH

Therapeutic Potential of Targeting TREM-1 in Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer

The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1 is a member of the Ig-like immunoregulatory receptor family and a major amplifier of innate immune responses. TREM- 1 has been implicated in the development and perpetuation of a number of inflammatory disorders, and soluble TREM-1 levels are a clinically valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in patients with sepsis and other types of acute and chronic inflammation- associated diseases, easily detectable in biological fluids. High TREM-1 expression in macrophages infiltrating human tumors and increased concentrations of soluble TREM-1 also correlate with aggressive tumor behavior and recurrence and are a relevant independent predictor of poor patient survival. Pharmacological inhibition of TREM-1 has proven effective in preclinical mouse models of infectious and non-infectious inflammatory disorders and malignancies, conferring survival advantages and protecting from organ damage or tumor growth by attenuating inflammatory responses. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the state of the art on TREM-1 research. We review the literature addressing TREM-1 role in the amplification of myeloid cell inflammatory responses at pathologic sites and its relevance in the development, severity, and progression of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in the pharmacological use of TREM-1 inhibitors in mouse preclinical models, emphasizing their potential in new strategies for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions and for therapeutic intervention in cancer. This information will be of value to investigators in the field of pharmacology, drawing attention to novel therapeutic opportunities to complement current treatment approaches.

http://ift.tt/2iCdYKq

Interdisciplinary management of an adult patient with significant restorative treatment needs and a complex malocclusion

Abstract

Transverse maxillary deficiency may be associated with dental crowding, compromised aesthetics and impaired function. Non-surgical correction of maxillary transverse deficiency through rapid maxillary expansion is routinely performed for young patients, however, surgical intervention is generally required for adults. An interdisciplinary treatment approach is necessary to achieve the desired treatment objectives for challenging cases. This case report demonstrates a pleasing treatment outcome for a patient with a severe maxillary transverse deficiency, significant crowding and extensive active caries.

http://ift.tt/2jpnw8R

Whole pelvis radiotherapy for pathological node-positive prostate cancer

Abstract

Purpose

The goal of this work was to investigate the oncological outcome of whole pelvis radiotherapy (wpRT) in pathologic pelvic lymph node-positive (pN1) prostate cancer (PCa), evaluate the location of relapse, and identify potential prognostic factors.

Patients and methods

All patients undergoing pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) since the year 2000 at a single tertiary care center were evaluated. A total of 154 patients with pN1 PCa were treated with wpRT (39 in an adjuvant setting) and 2–3 years of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to estimate biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS), clinical progression-free survival (cPFS), and prostate cancer-specific survival (CSS). Uni- and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors.

Results

Estimated bRFS was 67%, cPFS was 71%, and CSS was 96% at 5 years. Median follow-up was 55 months (interquartile range 25–87). Multivariate analysis identified having only 1 positive lymph node, a shorter time between diagnosis and PLND, and older age as independent favorable prognostic factors for biochemical and clinical recurrence. The number of positive lymph nodes was prognostic for CSS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.17–1.54) and OS (HR 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.36). Bone metastases were the most frequent location of PCa relapse (n = 32, 64%).

Conclusions

Patients with pN1 PCa treated with wpRT and 2–3 years ADT have an encouraging 5‑year CSS. Understaging of the disease extent may be the most important enemy in definitive pN1 PCa treatment.

http://ift.tt/2k5AADF

Turner syndrome and pituitary adenomas: a case report and review of literature

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print

http://ift.tt/2jz4bod

Prevalence, risk factors and consequences of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study in Kashmir, India

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print

http://ift.tt/2iL5CeW

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) involvement in successful growth hormone (GH) signaling in GH transduction defect

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print

http://ift.tt/2jzaCYr

Efficacy of long-term growth hormone therapy in short non-growth hormone-deficient children

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print

http://ift.tt/2iLdOM5

Bone health assessment of food allergic children on restrictive diets: a practical guide

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print

http://ift.tt/2jz4pvA

Association between screen time and snack consumption in children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-IV study

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print

http://ift.tt/2iKZ6EW

The association between obesity, hypertension and left ventricular mass in adolescents

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print

http://ift.tt/2jz7rQB

A standardized methanol extract of Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. (Asteraceae) reduces bronchial hyperresponsiveness and production of Th2 cytokines in a murine model of asthma

Publication date: 23 February 2017
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 198
Author(s): Lucas Junqueira de Freitas Morel, Bruna Cestari de Azevedo, Fábio Carmona, Silvia Helena Taleb Contini, Aristônio Magalhães Teles, Fernando Silva Ramalho, Bianca Waléria Bertoni, Suzelei de Castro França, Marcos de Carvalho Borges, Ana Maria Soares Pereira
Ethnopharmacological relevanceEclipta prostrata (L.) L. (Asteraceae) has been used in Brazilian traditional medicine to treat asthma and other respiratory illnesses.Aims of the studyTo investigate the effects of different doses of a standardized extract of E. prostrata using a murine model of allergen induced asthma.Materials and methodsBalb/c mice were sensitized twice with ovalbumin (OVA) administered intraperitoneally and challenged over four alternate days with nasal instillations of OVA solution. The standardized methanol extract of E. prostrata was administered in doses of 100, 250 and 500mgkg⁻¹ concomitantly with nasal instillation over seven consecutive days. Control animals were treated with dexamethasone or saline solution. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness, production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, allergen sensitization, airway and lung inflammation, mucous secretion and airway remodeling were assessed.ResultsThe concentrations of chemical markers in the standardized methanol extract were 0.02% oroboside, 1.69% demethylwedelolactone and 1.71% wedelolactone. Treatment with 250mgkg⁻¹ of extract, which provided 0.745, 4.22 and 4.30mgkg⁻¹day⁻¹ of oroboside, demethylwedelolactone and wedelolactone, respectively, significantly reduced (P<0.05) respiratory resistance and elastance. Such effects were comparable with those produced by dexamethasone. The total number of inflammatory cells and eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in lung homogenate were significantly reduced (P<0.05) by the methanol extract of E. prostrata.ConclusionThe results presented herein demonstrate for the first time the anti-inflammatory activity of E. prostrata in a murine model of asthma, thereby supporting the ethnopharmacological uses of the plant.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2iTaYI8

Targeting IκBNS in allergic asthma: Where it resides, matters

Abstract

The activity NF-κB, a pro-inflammatory transcription factor, and its complex modulation play a central role in in inflammatory airways disease such as allergic airway hyperresponsiveness. In a new study, Yokota and colleagues investigated IκBNS – an atypical inhibitor of NF-kB (IκB). Using elegant bone marrow chimera studies in mice, they found that IκBNS differentially modulated NF-κB activity in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. They also showed that by binding to the promoter region, this nuclear protein directly induced the MUC5AC gene in airway epithelial cells. This study enhances our understanding of how atypical IκB proteins work in regulating NF-κB activity and allergic airway conditions. It also emphasizes that targeting specific molecular pathways of airway inflammation may result in differential effects depending on the targeted tissue compartment. This is important in the search of novel asthma treatments and supports the fact that global anti-inflammatory approaches alone may not provide sufficient therapy.

http://ift.tt/2iKMNsj

Targeting IκBNS in allergic asthma: Where it resides, matters

Abstract

http://ift.tt/2iKMNsj

15 years of allergen immunotherapy vial sterility testing

The prevalence of allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma is increasing and is associated with significant morbidity and increasing health care costs. Current treatment options for allergic rhinitis are broad and generally begin with pharmacotherapy and, when practical, allergen avoidance. In the general population, approximately one-third of children and two-thirds of adults report partial or poor relief with pharmacotherapy alone.1 The next step in treatment is often initiation of subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (AIT).

http://ift.tt/2iDf88A

15 years of allergen immunotherapy vial sterility testing

Could daratumumab be used to treat severe allergy?

In the management of allergic diseases, targeting IgE using biologicals is a current research focus. This proof of concept shows that plasma cell depletion using daratumumab results in decreased total and allergen-specific IgE levels.

http://ift.tt/2iT3ogL

6q12 and 11p14 variants are associated with postnatal exhaled nitric oxide and respiratory symptoms

The identification of novel genetic determinants of infant eNO, at previously unknown loci 6q12 and 11p14, may implicate that postnatal eNO metabolism in healthy infants prior to first viral infections and sensitization is related to mechanisms other than those associated with asthma, atopy or increased risk thereof later in life.

http://ift.tt/2iSZuEI

Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: Pathogenesis, Pathology and Pathways to Phenotype

Abstract

Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) is a clinically, pathologically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders that affect principally the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. There are three major associated clinical syndromes, behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), semantic dementia (SD) and progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA); three principal histologies, involving tau, TDP-43 and FUS proteins; and mutations in three major genes, MAPT, GRN and C9orf72, along with several other less common gene mutations. All three clinical syndromes can exist separately or in combination with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). SD is exclusively a TDP-43 proteinopathy, and PNFA may be so, with both showing tight clinical, histological and genetic inter-relationships. bvFTD is more of a challenge with overlapping histological and genetic features, involvement of any of the three aggregating proteins, and changes in any of the three major genes. However, when ALS is present, all cases show a clear histological phenotype with TDP-43 aggregated proteins, and familial forms are associated with expansions in C9orf72. TDP-43 and FUS are nuclear carrier proteins involved in the regulation of RNA metabolism, whereas tau protein – the product of MAPT – is responsible for the assembly/disassembly of microtubules, which are vital for intracellular transport. Mutations in TDP-43 and FUS genes are linked to clinical ALS rather than FTLD (with or without ALS), suggesting that clinical ALS may be a disorder of RNA metabolism. On the other hand, the protein products of GRN and C9orf72, along with those of the other minor genes, appear to form part of the cellular protein degradation machinery. It is possible therefore that FTLD is a reflection of dysfunction within lysosomal/proteasomal systems resulting in failure to remove potentially neurotoxic (TDP-43 and tau) aggregates, which ultimately overwhelm capacity to function. Spread of aggregates along distinct pathways may account for the different clinical phenotypes, and patterns of progression of disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2k58p7Q

Evaluation of the Role of Nasal Endoscopy and Computed Tomography Individually in the Diagnosis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Abstract

The aims of this study were to assess the individual roles of nasal endoscopy (NE) and computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis, to evaluate their sensitivity and specificity and determine the superiority of one over the other, if any. The study was conducted over 19 months on patients above 18 years of age attending the ENT OPD at Jaipur Golden Hospital, Rohini, Delhi with persistence of symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) for ≥12 weeks. NE was done in each patient followed by NCCT-PNS (4 mm cuts) evaluated with the Lund Mackay system and score ≥4 was suggestive of disease. On NE, mucopurulent discharge and edema in the middle meatus and ethmoid region were all seen in equal distribution amongst the patients. Polyps in the middle meatus were identified in the least number of patients. On observation for anatomical variants, paradoxical middle turbinate was seen in most patients and prominent agger nasi region in the least patients. On CT the order of involvement of the paranasal sinuses from most to least was—anterior ethmoids, maxillary sinus, posterior ethmoids, sphenoid and frontal sinuses. Ostiomeatal complex was involved in approximately one-third of the patients who had been diagnosed with CRS with CT. Frequency of disease on DNE and CT had a sensitivity of 72.2% and specificity of 63.6% with a p value of 0.024, and positive and negative predictive values of 61.9 and 73.7% respectively. It was concluded at the end of the study that there was a significant correlation between DNE and CT in the diagnosis of CRS.

http://ift.tt/2iKOMwR

Evaluation of the Role of Nasal Endoscopy and Computed Tomography Individually in the Diagnosis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Abstract

http://ift.tt/2iKOMwR

Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

! # Ola via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader

Η λίστα ιστολογίων μου

Τετάρτη 18 Ιανουαρίου 2017

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Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου