Head and Neck Diseases by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis: 04/10/18

Τρίτη 10 Απριλίου 2018

Tuned magnetic properties of Co-doped ZnO/B-doped graphene PN junction

Publication date: 5 July 2018
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 149
Author(s): Yifan Xu, Ranran Zhang, Jun Qian, Hongyan Wang, Peng Wang, Shuangli Ye
Co-doped ZnO(Zn1−xCoxO)/B-doped graphene(BG) PN junction with quasi-core-shell nanostructure is designed and fabricated by a facile chemical process. The interplay between the Zn1−xCoxO core and the BG shell is discussed. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra confirm that B and Co²⁺ ions are doped successfully. The C1s XPS spectra suggest the formation of the Zn(Co)OCO bonds, which can efficiently transfer the holes from BG to Zn1−xCoxO. X-ray diffraction (XRD) displays that Co doping hardly changes the wurtzite structure of ZnO. It can be clearly seen that edge of the BG covers Zn1−xCoxO to form the quasi-core-shell structure by High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The position of the G band in Raman spectrum indicates that BG is P-type. The interaction between the Zn1−xCoxO and BG can be found by the red-shifts of E2H band of Zn1−xCoxO and broader 2D of BG as well. Magnetization measurement demonstrates that the increasing of the ferromagnetic phases in Zn1−xCoxO/BG nanoparticles with the increasing temperature. The observed ferromagnetic phases can be due to the exchange of the electron/hole at interface in the Zn1−xCoxO/BG PN junction.

Graphical abstract

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Random short sisal fiber biocomposites: Optimal manufacturing process and reliable theoretical models

Publication date: 5 July 2018
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 149
Author(s): Bernardo Zuccarello, Giuseppe Marannano
Although several works have been published in literature on agave fibers and their biocomposites, accurate information about the choice of both the fibers and the manufacturing processes that allow the user to optimize the biocomposites properties in terms of strength and stiffness are not yet available; also, no theoretical models that can be used for an accurate evaluation of the mechanical properties of these biocomposites, are reported.To this aim, the present work intends to give a contribution by considering green epoxy biocomposites reinforced by both short and discontinuous sisal agave fibers arranged in proper MAT-type fabrics. In particular, an optimized manufacturing process that allows to obtain good quality biocomposites, is proposed. A detailed analysis of the experimental results, obtained through preliminary pull-out and tensile tests carried out, along with an accurate analysis of the damage process performed by SEM micrographs, have allowed to develop reliable theoretical models that permit the mechanical properties evaluation of the analyzed biocomposites.Finally, the comparison with the most performing short/discontinuous fiber biocomposites reported in literature has shown how the implemented biocomposites exhibit comparable tensile strength and significantly higher stiffness, also respect to biocomposites reinforced by more stiff and more expensive fibers (flax, hemp, etc.).

Graphical abstract

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Quantification of Histidine-Rich Protein 3 of Plasmodium falciparum

Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy, Ahead of Print.

https://ift.tt/2GNV3EJ

Editorial Board

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Peptides, Volume 103

https://ift.tt/2EFfxOg

Asymmetric Tyrosination of Spindle Microtubules Facilitates Selfish Inheritance

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018
Source:Trends in Cell Biology
Author(s): Shikha Laloraya
Meiotic drive is an enigmatic process that results from biased segregation of selfish genetic elements that enhance their own transmission and drive evolution. During asymmetric female meiotic divisions, selfish elements segregate preferentially towards the egg rather than polar bodies. Recent findings demonstrate that asymmetric spindle tyrosination helps selfish elements to cheat.

https://ift.tt/2qpX2rE

Down-Regulated miR-125a-5p Promotes the Reprogramming of Glucose Metabolism and Cell Malignancy by Increasing Levels of CD147 in Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid, Ahead of Print.

https://ift.tt/2qj73Ig

Natural killer cells target and differentiate cancer stem-like cells/undifferentiated tumors: strategies to optimize their growth and expansion for effective cancer immunotherapy

Publication date: April 2018
Source:Current Opinion in Immunology, Volume 51
Author(s): Kawaljit Kaur, Milica Perišić Nanut, Meng-Wei Ko, Tahmineh Safaie, Janko Kos, Anahid Jewett
Natural killer (NK) cells are known to select and differentiate cancer stem-like cells/undifferentiated tumors via lysis, and secreted/membrane bound IFN-γ and TNF-α respectively, resulting in the control of tumor growth. Several in vivo mouse models including humanized-BLT mice have been used to study the biology and significance of NK cells in selection/differentiation of stem-like tumors within the context of a reconstituted human immune system. In addition, we discuss the evidence and significance of NK cell loss at the pre-neoplastic stage. Therefore, because of their indispensable role in targeting CSCs/undifferentiated tumors, NK-cells should be placed high in the armamentarium of tumor therapy.

https://ift.tt/2GN4mF2

Reply

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine
Author(s): Brit Long, Drew Long, Alex Koyfman

https://ift.tt/2qo9Nnu

Simple and label-free pathogen enrichment via homobifunctional imidoesters using a microfluidic (SLIM) system for ultrasensitive pathogen detection in various clinical specimens

Publication date: 15 July 2018
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 111
Author(s): Choong Eun Jin, Bonhan Koo, Eun Yeong Lee, Ji Yeun Kim, Sung-Han Kim, Yong Shin
Diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms including bacteria and viruses can cause serious medical issues including death and result in huge economic losses. Despite the myriad of recent advances in the rapid and accurate detection of pathogens, large volume clinical samples with a low concentration of pathogens continue to present challenges for diagnosis and surveillance. We here report a simple and label-free approach via homobifunctional imidoesters (HIs) with a microfluidic platform (SLIM) to efficiently enrich and extract pathogens at low concentrations from clinical samples. The SLIM system consists of an assembled double microfluidic chip for streamlining large volume processing and HIs for capturing pathogens and isolating nucleic acids by both electrostatic and covalent interaction without a chaotropic detergent or bulky instruments. The SLIM system significantly increases the enrichment and extraction rate of pathogens (up to 80% at 10 CFU (colony forming unit) in a 1 mL volume within 50 min). We demonstrated its clinical utility in large sample volumes from 46 clinical specimens including environmental swabs, saliva, and blood plasma. The SLIM system showed higher sensitivity with these samples and could detect pathogens that were below the threshold of detection with other methods. Finally, by combining our SLIM approach with an isothermal optical sensor, pathogens could be detected at a very high sensitivity in blood plasma samples within 80 min via enrichment, extraction and detection steps. Our SLIM system thus provides a simple, reliable, cost-effective and ultrasensitive pathogen diagnosis platform for use with large volume clinical samples and would thus have significant utility for various infectious diseases.

https://ift.tt/2GQ5nQA

A sensitive signal-on photoelectrochemical sensor for tetracycline determination using visible-light-driven flower-like CN/BiOBr composites

Publication date: 15 July 2018
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 111
Author(s): Pengcheng Yan, Desheng Jiang, Yuhui Tian, Li Xu, Junchao Qian, Henan Li, Jiexiang Xia, Huaming Li
As a broad-spectrum antibiotic, tetracycline (TC) is widely used in agricultural purposes and human therapy. More attention is paid to TC as a serious threat to human health, including the fast spreading of antibiotic resistance gene and the serious toxicity to aquatic organisms. Therefore, the timely and accurate determination of TC residues is an urgent task to protect the safety of human. Herein, an effective and facile photoelectrochemical sensor platform based on carbon nitride/bismuth oxyhalide (CN/BiOBr) composites can be constructed for monitoring TC. The flower-like CN/BiOBr composites are prepared via a simple one-pot ethylene glycol-assisted solvothermal process with the addition of ionic liquid 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C16mim]Br). In view of matched energy band positions of CN and BiOBr, the addition of CN can reduce the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and improve the efficiency of visible light utilization, leading to enhancing photoelectrochemical response of BiOBr. Under light excitation, the photocurrent of CN/BiOBr composites is drastically improved, which is 6 times as much as that of pure BiOBr. Considering the superior photoelectrochemical performance, a photoelectrochemical sensor for monitoring TC has been developed, displaying linearly enhanced photocurrent with increasing the TC concentration. Two linear relationships received are from 8.0 to 4.0 × 10² ng mL⁻¹, and 4.0 × 10² to 5.2 × 10³ ng mL⁻¹, respectively. The detection limit is 3.8 ng mL⁻¹. The photoelectrochemical sensor exhibits a series of benefits including excellent stability, a wide linear range, a low detection limit and good anti-interference ability. Therefore, this work may offer great promises in providing a universal and efficient photoelectrochemical sensor for the tetracycline detection, and pave the way of constructing more materials used in photoelectrochemical detection field.

Graphical abstract

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One-by-one imprinting in two eccentric layers of hollow core-shells: Sequential electroanalysis of anti-HIV drugs

Publication date: 15 July 2018
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 111
Author(s): Kislay Singh, Swadha Jaiswal, Richa Singh, Sana Fatma, Bhim Bali Prasad
Double layered one-by-one imprinted hollow core-shells@ pencil graphite electrode was fabricated for sequential sensing of anti-HIV drugs. For this, two eccentric layers were developed on the surface of vinylated silica nanospheres to obtain double layered one-by-one imprinted solid core-shells. This yielded hollow core-shells on treatment with hydrofluoric acid. The modified hollow core-shells (single layered dual imprinted) evolved competitive diffusion of probe/analyte molecules. However, the corresponding double layered one-by-one imprinted hollow core-shells (outer layer imprinted with Zidovudine, and inner layer with Lamivudine) were found relatively better owing to their bilateral diffusions into molecular cavities, without any competition. The entire work is based on differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry at double layered one-by-one imprinted hollow core-shells. This resulted in indirect detection of electro inactive targets with limits of detection as low as 0.91 and 0.12 (aqueous sample), 0.94 and 0.13 (blood serum), and 0.99 and 0.20 ng mL^-1 (pharmaceutics) for lamivudine and zidovudine, respectively in anti-HIV drug combination.

https://ift.tt/2GOaGA1

The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in Europe and the impact of lifestyle on its natural evolution toward stomach cancer after infection: A systematic review

Helicobacter, EarlyView.

https://ift.tt/2IJseda

The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in Europe and the impact of lifestyle on its natural evolution toward stomach cancer after infection: A systematic review

Helicobacter, EarlyView.

https://ift.tt/2IJseda

Editorial Board

Publication date: 1 April 2018
Source:Journal of Neuroscience Methods, Volume 299

https://ift.tt/2GQdnNr

Rapid and selective sampling of IgG from skin in less than 1 min using a high surface area wearable immunoassay patch

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 170
Author(s): Jacob W. Coffey, Simon R. Corrie, Mark A.F. Kendall
Microprojection array (MPA) patches are an attractive approach to selectively capture circulating proteins from the skin with minimal invasiveness for diagnostics at the point-of-care or in the home. A key challenge to develop this technology is to extract sufficient quantities of specific proteins from within the skin to enable high diagnostic sensitivity within a convenient amount of time. To achieve this, we investigated the effect of MPA geometry (i.e. projection density, length and array size) on protein capture. We hypothesised that the penetrated surface area of MPAs is a major determinant of protein capture however it was not known if simultaneously increasing projection density, length and array size is possible without adversely affecting penetration and/or tolerability. We show that increasing the projection density (5000–30,000 proj. cm⁻²) and array size (4–36 mm²) significantly increases biomarker capture whilst maintaining of a similar level tolerability, which supports previous literature for projection length (40–190 μm). Ultimately, we designed a high surface area MPA (30,000 proj. cm⁻², 36 mm², 140 μm) with a 4.5-fold increase in penetrated surface area compared to our standard MPA design (20,408 proj. cm⁻², 16 mm², 100 μm). The high surface area MPA captured antigen-specific IgG from mice in 30 s with 100% diagnostic sensitivity compared with 10–30 min for previous MPA immunoassay patches, which is over an order of magnitude reduction in wear time. This demonstrates for the first time that MPAs may be used for ultra-rapid (<1 min) protein capture from skin in a time competitive with standard clinical procedures like the needle and lancet, which has broad implications for minimally invasive and point-of-care diagnostics.

https://ift.tt/2EBN7V9

Stromal cell-laden 3D hydrogel microwell arrays as tumor microenvironment model for studying stiffness dependent stromal cell-cancer interactions

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 170
Author(s): Xiaoshan Yue, Trung Dung Nguyen, Victoria Zellmer, Siyuan Zhang, Pinar Zorlutuna
Tumor properties such as growth and metastasis are dramatically dependent on the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the diversity of the TME including the stiffness and the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as the involvement of stromal cells, makes it extremely difficult to establish proper in vitro models for studying tumor growth and metastasis. In this research, we fabricated a stromal cell-laden microwell array system with tunable stiffness ranging from 200 Pa up to 3 kPa, which covers the stiffness range of normal and cancerous mammary tissues, to study the effect of ECM stiffness on stromal-cancer interaction. Our results showed that, tumor spheroids closely interacted with the pre-adipocyte stromal cells encapsulated within the microwell array, influencing their differentiation and maturation degree in a stiffness related manner. They inhibited adipogenesis in high stiffness tissue constructs that were at breast cancer stiffness range, while the inhibition effect diminished in the low stiffness tissue constructs that were at normal human breast tissue range. Furthermore, the 3D structure of tumor spheroids was shown to be important for the inhibition of the adipogenesis, as conditioned media from monolayer culture of cancer cells did not show any significant effect. These results show, for the first time in literature, that stromal-cancer interactions are highly dependent on ECM stiffness. The biomimetic TME platform developed here is a powerful organ-specific cancer model for studying the involvement of stromal cells in early mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis, and could be powerful platform for high-throughput drug discovery.

Graphical abstract

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pH protective Y1 receptor ligand functionalized antiphagocytosis BPLP-WPU micelles for enhanced tumor imaging and therapy with prolonged survival time

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 170
Author(s): Zhenqi Jiang, Yuchen Tian, Dingying Shan, Yinjie Wang, Ethan Gerhard, Jianbi Xia, Rong Huang, Yan He, Aiguo Li, Jianchao Tang, Huimin Ruan, Yong Li, Juan Li, Jian Yang, Aiguo Wu
Nanoparticle-based tumor therapies are extensively studied; however, few are capable of improving patient survival time due to premature drug leakage, off target effects, and poor tissue penetration. Previously, we successfully synthesized a novel family of Y1 receptor (Y1R) ligand modified, photoluminescent BPLP nanobubbles and nanoparticles for targeted breast cancer ultrasound imaging; however, increased accumulation could also be observed in the liver, kidney, and spleen, suggesting significant interaction of the particles with macrophages in vivo. Herein, for the first time, we imparted antiphagocytosis capability to Y1R ligand functionalized BPLP-WPU polymeric micelles through the incorporation of a CD47 human glycoprotein based self-peptide. Application of self-peptide modified, DOX loaded micelles in vivo resulted in a 100% survival rate and complete tumor necrosis over 100 days of treatment. In vivo imaging of SPION loaded, self-peptide modified micelles revealed effective targeting to the tumor site while analysis of iron content demonstrated reduced particle accumulation in the liver and kidney, demonstrating reduced macrophage interaction, as well as a 2-fold increase of particles in the tumor. As these results demonstrate, Y1R ligand, self-peptide modified BPLP-WPU micelles are capable of target specific cancer treatment and imaging, making them ideal candidates to improve survival rate and tumor reduction clinically.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2EBzvcu

Src activation decouples cell division orientation from cell geometry in mammalian cells

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 170
Author(s): Xiaoyan Sun, Hongsheng Qi, Xiuzhen Zhang, Li Li, Jiaping Zhang, Qunli Zeng, George S. Laszlo, Bo Wei, Tianhong Li, Jianxin Jiang, Alex Mogilner, Xiaobing Fu, Min Zhao
Orientation of cell division plane plays a crucial role in morphogenesis and regeneration. Misoriented cell division underlies many important diseases, such as cancer. Studies with Drosophila and C. elegance models show that Src, a proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase, is a critical regulator of this aspect of mitosis. However, the role for Src in controlling cell division orientation in mammalian cells is not well understood. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches and two extracellular signals to orient cell division, we demonstrated a critical role for Src. Either knockout or pharmacological inhibition of Src would retain the fidelity of cell division orientation with the long-axis orientation of mother cells. Conversely, re-expression of Src would decouple cell division orientation from the pre-division orientation of the long axis of mother cells. Cell division orientation in human breast and gastric cancer tissues showed that the Src activation level correlated with the degree of mitotic spindle misorientation relative to the apical surface. Examination of proteins associated with cortical actin revealed that Src activation regulated the accumulation and local density of adhesion proteins on the sites of cell-matrix attachment. By analyzing division patterns in the cells with or without Src activation and through use of a mathematical model, we further support our findings and provide evidence for a previously unknown role for Src in regulating cell division orientation in relation to the pre-division geometry of mother cells, which may contribute to the misoriented cell division.

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Detecting the functional complexities between high-density lipoprotein mimetics

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 170
Author(s): Yoshitaka J. Sei, Jungho Ahn, Taeyoung Kim, Eunjung Shin, Angel J. Santiago-Lopez, Seung Soon Jang, Noo Li Jeon, Young C. Jang, YongTae Kim
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a key regulator of lipid homeostasis through its native roles like reverse cholesterol transport. The reconstitution of this natural nanoparticle (NP) has become a nexus between nanomedicine and multi-disease therapies, for which a major portion of HDL functionality is attributed to its primary scaffolding protein, apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1). ApoA1-mimetic peptides were formulated as cost-effective alternatives to apoA1-based therapies; reverse-4F (r4F) is one such peptide used as part of a nanoparticle platform. While similarities between r4F- and apoA1-based HDL-mimetic nanoparticles have been identified, key functional differences native to HDL have remained undetected. In the present study, we executed a multidisciplinary approach to uncover these differences by exploring the form, function, and medical applicability of engineered HDL-mimetic NPs (eHNPs) made from r4F (eHNP-r4F) and from apoA1 (eHNP-A1). Comparative analyses of the eHNPs through computational molecular dynamics (MD), advanced microfluidic NP synthesis and screening technologies, and in vivo animal model studies extracted distinguishable eHNP characteristics: the eHNPs share identical structural and compositional characteristics with distinct differences in NP stability and organization; eHNP-A1 could more significantly stimulate anti-inflammatory responses characteristic of the scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) mediated pathways; and eHNP-A1 could outperform eHNP-r4F in the delivery of a model hydrophobic drug to an in vivo tumor. The biomimetic microfluidic technologies and MD simulations uniquely enabled our comparative analysis through which we determined that while eHNP-r4F is a capable NP with properties mimicking natural eHNP-A1, challenges remain in reconstituting the full functionality of NPs naturally derived from humans.

https://ift.tt/2GNsWpb

The Architecture of Interaction Between Visual Working Memory and Visual Attention.

Author: Bahle, Brett; Beck, Valerie M.; Hollingworth, Andrew

DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000509

Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 9 April 2018

https://ift.tt/2GPQUo1

Emotional Prosody of Task-Irrelevant Speech Interferes With the Retention of Serial Order.

Author: Kattner, Florian; Ellermeier, Wolfgang

DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000537

Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 9 April 2018

https://ift.tt/2qmFqNs

Commentary on: Thoughts on the American Board of Radiology Examinations and the Resident Experience in Radiation Oncology

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018
Source:Practical Radiation Oncology
Author(s): Paul E. Wallner, Lisa A. Kachnic, Anthony M. Gerdeman

https://ift.tt/2Hc6h9l

Local Control for Clinical Stage I Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Five Fraction Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy is Not Associated with Treatment Schedule

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018
Source:Practical Radiation Oncology
Author(s): Pamela Samson, Sana Rehman, Aditya Juloori, Todd DeWees, Michael Roach, Jeffrey Bradley, Gregory M.M. Videtic, Kevin Stephans, Clifford Robinson
PurposeClinical concern remains regarding the relationship between consecutive (QD) versus non-consecutive (QoD) lung SBRT treatment schedules and outcomes for clinical Stage I NSCLC. We examined a multi-institutional series of patients receiving five fraction lung SBRT to compare the local failure rates and overall survival between patients receiving QD versus QoD treatment.Methods and MaterialsLung SBRT databases from two high-volume institutions were combined, and patients receiving five fraction SBRT for a solitary Stage I NSCLC were identified. QD treatment was defined as completing SBRT in ≤7days, while QoD treatment was defined as completing treatment in >7days. To control for patient characteristics between the two institutions, a 1:1 propensity matched analysis was performed. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify variables independently associated with local failure, and Cox proportional hazards modeling to identify variables independently associated with increased mortality.ResultsFrom 2005–2016, 245 clinical Stage I NSCLC patients receiving five fraction SBRT were identified. 117 (47.8%) patients received QD treatment and 128 (52.2%) patients received QoD treatment. On propensity matched analysis, no association was seen between QD treatment and local failure (Odds Ratio for QD treatment 0.48, 95% CI 0.12–1.99, p=0.5). On multivariable logistic regression central tumors were independently associated with increased likelihood of local recurrence (OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.11–24.2, p=0.04). Kaplan–Meier analysis identified no difference in median overall survival between QD versus QoD treatments (38.0months versus 38.0months, log-rank p=0.7), respectively. QD treatment was not associated with an increased mortality hazard (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.67–1.75, p=0.75).ConclusionsThis analysis demonstrated no association between QD versus QoD treatment scheduling and local control or overall survival for early stage NSCLC.

https://ift.tt/2GQ6Imp

The long-term sequelae of palliative radiotherapy to Lumbo-sacral spine using conventional PA-single portal technique

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018
Source:Practical Radiation Oncology
Author(s): Kuan-Yin Hsiao, Hui-Chuan Wang, Steve H Fung, Waqar Haque, E Brian Butler, Bin S Teh

https://ift.tt/2HcwxR2

Long‐term outcomes in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma with adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy after surgery

The Laryngoscope, EarlyView.

https://ift.tt/2v2U9CR

Retronasal olfaction in chronic rhinosinusitis

The Laryngoscope, EarlyView.

https://ift.tt/2HrRZiT

Multiple perioral homogenous blue macules

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, EarlyView.

https://ift.tt/2GP0NlP

Multiple perioral homogenous blue macules

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, EarlyView.

https://ift.tt/2GP0NlP

Editorial Board

Publication date: June 2018
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 168

https://ift.tt/2qiZf8o

Laryngopharyngealer Reflux

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 238-245
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-100794

Die Prävalenz von laryngopharyngealem Reflux (LPR) wird in der Allgemeinbevölkerung mit bis zu 31 % angegeben. Bei Patienten mit Stimmproblemen bzw. Kehlkopferkrankungen tritt ein LPR bei ca. 50 % der Patienten als Begleiterscheinung auf. Typische refluxbedingte Erkrankungen am Larynx sind eine chronische Laryngitis und das Kontaktgranulom. Nicht abschließend geklärt ist die Rolle des LPR bei der Genese des Stimmlippenkarzinoms. Für die Diagnose des LPR gibt es noch keine evidenzbasierten Daten, er kann jedoch üblicherweise klinisch aus der Kombination typischer Symptome (Heiserkeit, chronischer Hustenreiz/Räuspern, Globusgefühl/Dysphagie) und dem charakteristischen laryngoskopischen Bild (ein Schleimhauterythem bzw. eine Schleimhauthyperplasie mit Fältelung der Interarytenoidregion und ein Stimmlippenödem) gestellt werden. Gelegentlich wird eine LPR zusätzlich durch eine pharyngeale 24h-pH-Metrie-Untersuchung gesichert. Die Therapie des LPR umfasst mehrere Bereiche, wie z.B. diätetische Maßnahmen, die medikamentöse Therapie mit Protonenpumpeninhibitoren (PPIs) und ggf. eine chirurgische Intervention. Bei symptomatischen Patienten erfolgt oft eine Therapie mit PPIs, bei der der HNO-Arzt im engen Dialog mit dem Gastroenterologen steht.
[...]

Article in Thieme eJournals:
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Zusammenhang zwischen Tinnituston und Frequenzbereich des Gehörverlusts

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 230-231
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-100277

Keppler H et al. The relationship between tinnitus pitch and parameters of audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions. J Laryngol Otol 2017; 131: 1017–1025 Ein chronischer Tinnitus ist mit einem reduzierten akustischen Reiz assoziiert. Auf die Schädigung reagiert das zentrale Hörsystem mit Veränderungen. Den Zusammenhang zwischen Tinnituston und Parametern der Audiometrie sowie der distorsiv produzierten otoakustischen Emissionen (DPOAE) untersuchten Ärzte des Hör-Sprachzentrums der Universität der belgischen Stadt Gent.
[...]

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Rhinoplastik

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 289-292
DOI: 10.1055/a-0549-3244

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Radiologisch basierte Therapie des Kehlkopfkrebses überprüft

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 231-232
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-100272

Ko HC et al. Survival Outcomes for Patients With T3N0M0 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Glottic Larynx. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 143: 1126–1133 Wie ist das Überleben von Patienten mit Kehlkopfkrebs im Stadium T3N0M0, die operativ oder mittels Radiotherapie behandelt wurden? Zur Klärung dieser Frage verglichen chinesische Wissenschaftler die retrospektiven Daten dieser Patienten über einen langfristigen Nachbeobachtungszeitraum.
[...]

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Was bestimmt die Prognose von Patienten mit Störungen des Schluckvorganges?

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 232-234
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-100285

Bock JM et al. Evaluation of the natural history of patients who aspirate. Laryngoscope 2017; 127: S1–S10 Die klinische Progression der Aspiration bis zu eventuellen pulmonalen Störungen ist nicht vollständig verstanden. Empfehlungen zur Ernährungsumstellung, Schwere von Penetration und Aspiration gemäß PAS sowie die Ätiologie der Dysphagie beeinflussen möglicherweise die Zeitspanne bis zum Auftreten des ersten pulmonalen Ereignisses sowie das Gesamtüberleben von Patienten mit VFS-dokumentierter, asymptomatischer Penetration und Aspiration.
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Techniken der Stapedotomie

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 236-237
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-102148

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Versorgung mit Hörgeräten und Hörimplantaten

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 235-235
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-125366

Article in Thieme eJournals:
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Basic Otorhinolaryngology. A Step-by-Step Learning Guide, Second Edition

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 235-235
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-125367

Article in Thieme eJournals:
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Aerobe Belastung verschlechtert die Wahrnehmungsschwelle kurzer H2S-Impulse

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/a-0589-1158

Hintergrund Ob sich bei akuter aerober körperlicher Belastung das Riechvermögen verschlechtert, wird in der Literatur widersprüchlich beschrieben. Material und Methoden Zur Klärung dieser Fragestellung wurden die passiven Wahrnehmungsschwellen für kurze H2S-Stimuli mittels eines Fluss-Olfaktometers inspirationssynchron bei nasaler Atmung im staircase Verfahren während einer Ruhephase, einer anschließenden submaximalen Belastung auf einem Fahrradergometer und einer nachfolgenden Erholungsphase bei Gesunden bestimmt und mit einander verglichen. Parallel fanden Messungen von Herzfrequenz, Blutdruck, Blutlaktat und Körpertemperatur statt, um eine aerobe Belastung abzusichern. Ergebnisse Die Versuchsteilnehmer hatten ihre höchsten Werte für die Wahrnehmungsschwelle in der Belastungsphase. Mittels rm-ANOVA und post-hoc-Tests war ein signifikanter Unterschied der Mittelwerte der Wahrnehmungsschwellen zwischen den Messungen in Ruhe und während körperlicher Belastung sowie zwischen der Erholungs- und Belastungsphase zu verzeichnen. Die Mittelwerte der Wahrnehmungsschwellen zwischen der Ruhe- und Erholungsphase differierten hingegen nicht. Schlussfolgerung Die Verschlechterung der olfaktorischen Wahrnehmungsschwellen während einer akuten aeroben körperlichen Belastung und deren unverzügliche Verbesserung während der Erholungsphase auf Ruhewerte lassen auf eine Beeinflussung der Riechschwelle durch die körperliche Anstrengung schließen. Als wahrscheinlichste Ursache hierfür kommt ein bei forcierter Nasenatmung ausgelöster Verdünnungseffekt durch zusätzlich einströmende geruchsneutrale Umgebungsluft in Betracht.
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Unklare submuköse Raumforderung im supraglottischen Bereich: Erste Fallbeschreibung

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-100256

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Kommentar der Schriftleitung

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 227-228
DOI: 10.1055/a-0549-3134

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Interne Validität des Acoustic Voice Quality Index Version 03.01 und des Acoustic Breathiness Index

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/a-0596-7819

Hintergrund Akustische Messverfahren haben das Potential Heiserkeit und Behauchtheit objektiv zu messen und der Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI) und der Acoustic Breathiness Index (ABI) zeigen gute Ergebnisse hinsichtlich Validität und Reliabilität. Das Ziel dieser Studie war die Überprüfung der internen Validität der aktuellen Version des AVQI 03.01 und des ABI im Deutschen. Hierzu wurde die Sensitivität gegenüber Stimmveränderungen im Heiserkeits- und Behauchtheitsgrad durch logopädische Stimmtherapie untersucht. Material und Methoden Insgesamt wurden 84 Stimmaufzeichnungen von fortlaufender Sprache und dem Vokal [a:] vor und nach einer Stimmtherapie verwendet. Alle Aufnahmen der 42 Probanden stammten von Stimmpatienten mit unterschiedlichen Schweregraden einer Dysphonie vor und nach einer konservativen Therapie. Alle Stimmen wurden von drei Stimmexperten nach dem RBH-System beurteilt. Ergebnisse Die Intra- Beurteiler Reliabilität ergab insgesamt eine hohe Reliabilität für Heiserkeit (Kappa Mittelwert = 0,76) und Behauchtheit (Kappa Mittelwert = 0,69). Die Inter- Beurteiler Reliabilität erreichte hingegen eine niedrigere Reliabilität für beide Stimmqualitätsaspekte, die zwischen Kappa = 0,27 und 0,29 lag. Für beide Messverfahren, AVQI und ABI, zeigte sich ein deutlicher Zusammenhang zwischen der Perzeption von Veränderungen der Stimmqualität vor und nach der Therapie und dem Messergebnis (Heiserkeit vs. AVQI: r = 0,715, p < 0,01 und Behauchtheit vs. ABI: r = 0,712, p < 0,01). Die Unterschiede waren auch nicht signifikant. Schlussfolgerung Die Resultate zeigten, dass AVQI Version 03.01 und ABI eine hohe interne Validität haben, um Stimmveränderungen nach Intervention zu erfassen. AVQI und ABI sind zwei valide und robuste Messinstrumente, die Heiserkeit und Behauchtheit objektiv messen können.
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Validierung der deutschen Version des Eating Assessment Tool bei Kopf-Hals-Tumor-Patienten

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/a-0596-7780

Hintergrund Die Erfassung von subjektiv empfundenen Schluckbeschwerden bildet ein wichtiges Element in einem multidimensionalen und damit modernen Management von schluckgestörten Patienten infolge eines Kopf-Hals-Tumors. Zur Verfügung steht hier der international anerkannte und validierte 10-Item-Fragebogen EAT-10, der 2008 von Belafsky et al. entwickelt und validiert wurde. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist die Übersetzung des EAT-10 in die deutsche Sprache und dessen Validierung für Patienten mit einem Kopf-Hals-Tumor. Material und Methoden Nach Übersetzung des EAT-10 ins Deutsche gemäß den Richtlinien zur Übersetzung fremdsprachlicher Messinstrumente erfolgte die Validierung des gEAT-10 anhand von 210 Kopf-Hals-Tumor-Patienten. Ermittelt wurden die Reliabilität anhand der internen Konsistenz (Cronbachs Alpha) und Eigentrennschärfe (Spearman-Korrelation). Die Konstruktvalidität wurde geprüft anhand der uni- und multivariaten Berechnung der Verteilung von gEAT-10-Gesamtscores abhängig von Geschlecht, Alter, BMI, Tumorstadium und -lokalisation sowie der Art der onkologischen Therapie. Ergebnisse Die interne Konsistenz betrug α = 0,94. Die Eigentrennschärfe variierte zwischen ρ = 0,59 und ρ = 0,85. Es ließ sich kein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen gEAT-10-Gesamtscore und Geschlecht bzw. Alter univariat erkennen, jedoch einer für BMI, Tumorstadium und -lokalisation sowie Art der onkologischen Therapie. In der Regression lieferte dagegen nur das Tumorstadium ein signifikantes Ergebnis. Schlussfolgerung Der gEAT-10 erwies sich als ein reliabler und konstruktvalider Fragebogen zur Erfassung subjektiver Schluckbeschwerden bei Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Tumor.
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Veränderte Indikation zur Parotidektomie im nordwestlichen Brandenburg:Eine Longitudinaluntersuchung

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/a-0596-7714

Hintergrund Kenntnisse über die Indikationen zu einer Parotidektomie basieren auf den Mitteilungen einzelner Kliniken, Tumor- und Krankenhausdatenbanken. Die Studie prüft die Hypothese, dass sich die Operationsindikation während der vergangenen Jahre verändert hat. Material und Methoden Wir führten eine retrospektive Beobachtungsstudie der Patienten durch, die zwischen 1975 und 2016 (Einteilung in 4 Quartilen) in einem Ausbildungskranken haus einer Medizinischen Hochschule mit Schwerpunktversorgung eine Parotidektomie erhielten. Ergebnisse 405 Männer und 366 Frauen wurden wegen eines benignen (600/78 %) oder malignen (116/15 %) Tumors oder einer Parotitis (55/7 %) operiert. Der Anteil der benignen Tumore blieb weitgehend konstant (78 %), der der malignen Tumore stieg (7 %–23 %) bei gleichzeitigem Abfall der Parotitiden (17 % – < 1 %). Bei den benignen Tumoren fiel der Anteil der pleomorphen Adenome (60 % –24 %), während Warthin Tumore häufiger auftraten (23 % –58 %). Unter den malignen Tumoren stieg der Anteil der Metastasen von 2/13 auf 31/49 (insbes. Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Haut). Diskussion Die vorliegende Studie zeigt die sinkende Bedeutung der Parotitis als Indikation für eine Parotidektomie bedingt durch verbesserte nicht-chirurgische Verfahren. Die ansteigende Prävalenz von Warthin-Tumoren in der aktuellen Arbeit war mit einem steigenden Anteil der Raucher assoziiert. Der Anstieg der Malignome war auf die steigende Prävalenz von intraparotidealen Matastasen der Plattenepithelkarzinome der Haut zurückzuführen. Die Ergebnisse der histologischen Diagnosen basieren auf der Auswertung von Krankenakten und können bisher nicht durch die Auswertungen überregionaler Tumordatenbanken oder Krankenhausstatistiken (ICD- oder DRG-Bezug) generiert werden. Hierzu befürworten die Autoren die Einrichtung eines speziellen Speicheldrüsenregisters.
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Vorhersage von modalitätsspezifischen Arbeitsgedächtnisleistungen im Kindergartenalter

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/a-0594-0244

Hintergrund Das Arbeitsgedächtnis (AG) als ein zentrales kognitives Konstrukt ist eine fundamentale Voraussetzung für Lernen und gilt als Marker für Entwicklungsstörungen. In den letzten Jahren hat es beachtliche Aufmerksamkeit in der Forschung gewonnen. Um Prädiktoren für phonologische und visuelle AG-Leistungen zu bestimmen, wurden hier multivariate Regressionsanalysen mittels generalisierter linearer Modelle gerechnet. Material und Methoden Das phonologische AG wurde durch das Nachsprechen von Nichtwörtern (SETK 3–5-Subtest PGN) und von Zahlenfolgen (K-ABC-Subtest), das visuell-räumliche durch die Imitation von Handbewegungen (K-ABC-Subtest) untersucht. Eine Intelligenzschätzung wurde durch das Ergebnis in der K-ABC-Skala „Ganzheitliches Denken" vorgenommen. Stichprobe: 169 Kindergartenkinder (49 % Jungen; 51 % Mädchen), überwiegend mit Migrationshintergrund und Deutsch als Zweitsprache, im mittleren Alter von 45,9 (SD 6,2; Min 36; Max 61) Monaten; zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung im Durchschnitt seit 9,9 (SD 6,9) Monaten im Kindergarten und durchschnittlich intelligent. Als Faktoren wurden Geschlecht und Migrationshintergrund festgelegt, als Kovariaten Lebensalter, Dauer des Kindergartenbesuchs bis zur Testung sowie ganzheitliches Denken in die Modelle aufgenommen. Ergebnisse Alle mittleren AG-Leistungen waren durchschnittlich. Nur das Alter zum Untersuchungszeitpunkt sowie das ganzheitliche Denken hatte einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die AG-Leistungen. Schlussfolgerung Im Alter von 36–61 Monaten lassen sich die beiden o. g. Arbeitsgedächtnissysteme als ein anlagebedingter, reifungsabhängiger und eher geschlechtsunspezifischer Mechanismus beschreiben.
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Association between UCP polymorphisms and adipokines with obesity in Mexican adolescents

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print

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Adenoid cystic carcinoma of head and neck: A retrospective clinical analysis of a single institution

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), first described by Billroth in 1856, was originally called cylindroma because of its histologic appearance [1]. ACC is a rare tumor, accounting for about 1% of head and neck tumors, but it is the most common malignancy of the minor salivary glands [2]. Characteristically, ACC progresses slowly, with wide perineural invasion; lymphatic spread to the neck is rare. Histologically, adenoid cystic carcinomas also arise in other sites in the head and neck field, such as the major salivary glands, the tracheobronchial tree, the esophagus, the lacrimal gland, and even sites outside the head and neck.

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The effect of DLC-coating deposition method on the reliability and mechanical properties of abutment’s screws

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): Dimorvan Bordin, Paulo G. Coelho, Edmara T.P. Bergamo, Estevam A. Bonfante, Lukasz Witek, Altair A. Del Bel Cury
ObjectiveTo characterize the mechanical properties of different coating methods of DLC (diamond-like carbon) onto dental implant abutment screws, and their effect on the probability of survival (reliability).MethodsSeventy-five abutment screws were allocated into three groups according to the coating method: control (no coating); UMS – DLC applied through unbalanced magnetron sputtering; RFPA-DLC applied through radio frequency plasma-activated (n=25/group). Twelve screws (n=4) were used to determine the hardness and Young's modulus (YM). A 3D finite element model composed of titanium substrate, DLC-layer and a counterpart were constructed. The deformation (μm) and shear stress (MPa) were calculated. The remaining screws of each group were torqued into external hexagon abutments and subjected to step-stress accelerated life-testing (SSALT) (n=21/group). The probability Weibull curves and reliability (probability survival) were calculated considering the mission of 100, 150 and 200N at 50,000 and 100,000 cycles.ResultsDLC-coated experimental groups evidenced higher hardness than control (p<0.05). In silico analysis depicted that the higher the surface Young's modulus, the higher the shear stress. Control and RFPA showed β<1, indicating that failures were attributed to materials strength; UMS showed β>1 indicating that fatigue contributed to failure. High reliability was depicted at a mission of 100N. At 200N a significant decrease in reliability was detected for all groups (ranging from 39% to 66%). No significant difference was observed among groups regardless of mission. Screw fracture was the chief failure mode.SignificanceDLC-coating have been used to improve titanium's mechanical properties and increase the reliability of dental implant-supported restorations.

Graphical abstract

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Thermo-setting glass ionomer cements promote variable biological responses of human dental pulp stem cells

Publication date: Available online 9 April 2018
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): Mar Collado-González, Miguel R. Pecci-Lloret, Christopher J. Tomás-Catalá, David García-Bernal, Ricardo E. Oñate-Sánchez, Carmen Llena, Leopoldo Forner, Vinicius Rosa, Francisco J. Rodríguez-Lozano
ObjectiveTo evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of Equia Forte (GC, Tokyo, Japan) and Ionostar Molar (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).MethodshDPSCs isolated from third molars were exposed to several dilutions of Equia Forte and Ionostar Molar eluates (1/1, 1/2 and 1/4). These eluates were obtained by storing material samples in respective cell culture medium for 24h (n=40). hDPSCs in basal growth culture medium were the control. Cell viability and cell migration assays were performed using the MTT and wound-healing assays, respectively. Also, induction of apoptosis and changes in cell phenotype were evaluated by flow cytometry. Changes in cell morphology were analysed by immunocytofluorescence staining. To evaluate cell attachment to the different materials, hDPSCs were directly seeded onto the material surfaces and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition of the materials was determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and eluates were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t-test (α<0.05).ResultsUndiluted Equia Forte extracts led to a similar cell proliferation rates than the control group from 72h onwards. There were no significance differences between Equia Forte and Ionostar Molar in terms of cell apoptosis and phenotype. However, in presence of Equia extracts the migration capacity of hDPSCs was higher than in presence of Ionostar Molar (p<0.05). Also, SEM studies showed a higher degree of cell attachment when Equia Forte extracts were used. Finally, EDX analysis pointed to different weight percentages of C, O and Ca ions in glass ionomer cements, while other elements such as La, Al, Si, W, Mo and F were also detected.SignificanceIn summary, Equia Forte promoted better biological responses in hDPSCs than Ionostar Molar.

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Numerical fatigue analysis of premolars restored by CAD/CAM ceramic crowns

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): Ehsan Homaei, Xiao-Zhuang Jin, Edmond Ho Nang Pow, Jukka Pekka Matinlinna, James Kit-Hon Tsoi, Khalil Farhangdoost
ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to estimate the fatigue life of premolars restored with two dental ceramics, lithium disilicate (LD) and polymer infiltrated ceramic (PIC) using the numerical method and compare it with the published in vitro data.MethodsA premolar restored with full-coverage crown was digitized. The volumetric shape of tooth tissues and crowns were created in Mimics^®. They were transferred to IA-FEMesh for mesh generation and the model was analyzed with Abaqus. By combining the stress distribution results with fatigue stress–life (S–N) approach, the lifetime of restored premolars was predicted.ResultsThe predicted lifetime was 1,231,318 cycles for LD with fatigue load of 1400N, while the one for PIC was 475,063 cycles with the load of 870N. The peak value of maximum principal stress occurred at the contact area (LD: 172MPa and PIC: 96MPa) and central fossa (LD: 100MPa and PIC: 64MPa) for both ceramics which were the most seen failure areas in the experiment. In the adhesive layer, the maximum shear stress was observed at the shoulder area (LD: 53.6MPa and PIC: 29MPa).SignificanceThe fatigue life and failure modes of all-ceramic crown determined by the numerical method seem to correlate well with the previous experimental study.

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Leaching of metals from end-of-life solar cells

Abstract

The issue of recycling waste solar cells is critical with regard to the expanded use of these cells, which increases waste production. Technology establishment for this recycling process is essential with respect to the valuable and hazardous metals present therein. In the present study, the leaching potentials of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Penicillium simplicissimum were assessed for the recovery of metals from spent solar cells, with a focus on retrieval of the valuable metal Te. Batch experiments were performed to explore and compare the metal removal efficiencies of the aforementioned microorganisms using spent media. P. chrysogenum spent medium was found to be most effective, recovering 100% of B, Mg, Si, V, Ni, Zn, and Sr along with 93% of Te at 30 °C, 150 rpm and 1% (w/v) pulp density. Further optimization of the process parameters increased the leaching efficiency, and 100% of Te was recovered at the optimum conditions of 20 °C, 200 rpm shaking speed and 1% (w/v) pulp density. In addition, the recovery of aluminum increased from 31 to 89% upon process optimization. Thus, the process has considerable potential for metal recovery and is environmentally beneficial.

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Efficacy and Safety of Ixekizumab Over 4 Years of Open-Label Treatment in a Phase 2 Study in Chronic Plaque Psoriasis

Interleukin-17A is a critical cytokine involved in psoriasis pathogenesis., The efficacy of ixekizumab, an interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody, was maintained for up to 4 years without apparent increases in health risks or safety issues in moderate-to-severe psoriasis patients., Long-term ixekizumab treatment is an option for moderate-to-severe psoriasis patients.

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Dermoscopy is a useful bedside tool for the evaluation of cutaneous Loxoscelism

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Improving classification of melanocytic nevi: BRAF V600E expression associated with distinct histomorphologic features

BRAF V600E mutation is a common genetic driver of melanocytic nevi and melanoma. BRAF V600E is associated with distinct histomorphologic features in melanocytic nevi, including dermal and congenital growth patterns. Understanding the genetic-morphologic correlates in melanocytic nevi may facilitate a more accurate classification and improved diagnosis of melanocytic neoplasms.

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Diversity in Dermatology: Roadmap for Improvement

The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) has taken an active stance in addressing the lack of racial and ethnic diversity in the specialty. At the AAD President's Conference on Diversity in Dermatology held August 5, 2017, key action items were identified in three main areas in order to increase the number of practicing, board-certified dermatologists who are underrepresented in medicine (UIM). These include: increasing the pipeline of UIM students applying to medical school; increasing the exposure and level of interest of UIM medical students in dermatology; and increasing the number of UIM students recruited into dermatology residency programs.

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Neutrophilic dermatoses. Part I. Pathogenesis, Sweet syndrome, neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis, and Behçet’s disease

Neutrophilic dermatoses are a heterogeneous group of inflammatory skin disorders that present with unique clinical features, but are unified by the presence of a sterile, predominantly neutrophilic infiltrate on histopathology. The morphology of cutaneous lesions associated with these disorders is heterogeneous, which renders diagnosis challenging. Moreover, a thorough evaluation is required to exclude diseases that mimic these disorders and to diagnose potential associated infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic processes.

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Neutrophilic dermatoses. Part II. Pyoderma gangrenosum and other bowel and arthritis associated neutrophilic dermatoses

Chromosome 1q23.3q31.1 deletion associated with decreased newborn screening of T cell receptor rearrangement circles (TRECs)

We report a female newborn with abnormal newborn screening (NBS) for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)/T cell lymphopenia and chromosome 1q23.3q31.1 deletion. The infant was born at 36-weeks gestation with a birthweight of 1160 grams. At 20-weeks gestation, intrauterine growth retardation, bilateral cleft-lip and cleft-palate, absent kidney, absent stomach bubble, and lateral ventriculomegaly were identified. At birth, she had microcephaly, hypertelorism, bilateral low-set ears with over-folded helices, bilateral complete cleft-lip and cleft-palate, holosystolic murmur and a split second heart sound with a loud P2, sacral dimple, small hands with brachydactyly, left hand with single transverse palmar crease, clinodactyly of 5th fingers bilaterally, small feet bilaterally, and overlapping 2nd and 3rd toe on the right foot.

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Mepolizumab use: post-approval academic practice experience

Severe asthma of the eosinophilic subtype is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and health-care costs due to recurrent asthma exacerbations and need for treatment with oral corticosteroids 1,2. Thus, steroid-sparing medications for eosinophilic asthma have been sought to improve outcomes in these patients.

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Oral corticosteroids should be available on-hand at home for the next asthma exacerbation!

Asthma is characterized in many patients by recurrent exacerbations. For those patients, it is not generally a question of whether an exacerbation will recur. Rather the question is when will the next exacerbation occur? Unfortunately, that is not readily predictable. Patients with sthma exacerbation fill emergency rooms and are a major cause of hospitalization. Children with asthma, particularly, are prone to recurrent exacerbations, and asthma is the most frequent medical indication for children to be hospitalized.

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Factors correlated with repeated aspirin dosing during aspirin desensitization

Aspirin desensitization is an appropriate procedure for many patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). Patients can require aspirin re-dosing, which prolongs the desensitization process. The frequency of this is not widely reported, nor is it known which patients will require multiple re-dosing.

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The pediatric asthma yardstick: practical recommendations for a sustained step-up in asthma therapy for children with inadequately controlled asthma

Current asthma guidelines recommend a control-based approach to management involving assessment of impairment and risk followed by implementation of treatment strategies individualized according to the patient's needs and preferences. However, for children with asthma, achieving control can be elusive. While tools are available to help children (and families) track and manage day-to-day symptoms, when and how to implement a longer-term step-up in care is less clear. Furthermore, treatment is challenged by the three age groups of childhood – adolescence (12-18 years old), school age (6-11 years old), and young children (≤ 5 years old), and what works for one age group may not be the best approach for another.

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Manganese Increases the Sensitivity of the cGAS-STING Pathway for Double-Stranded DNA and Is Required for the Host Defense against DNA Viruses

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018
Source:Immunity
Author(s): Chenguang Wang, Yukun Guan, Mengze Lv, Rui Zhang, Zhaoying Guo, Xiaoming Wei, Xiaoxia Du, Jing Yang, Tong Li, Yi Wan, Xiaodong Su, Xiaojun Huang, Zhengfan Jiang
Manganese (Mn) is essential for many physiological processes, but its functions in innate immunity remain undefined. Here, we found that Mn²⁺ was required for the host defense against DNA viruses by increasing the sensitivity of the DNA sensor cGAS and its downstream adaptor protein STING. Mn²⁺ was released from membrane-enclosed organelles upon viral infection and accumulated in the cytosol where it bound directly to cGAS. Mn²⁺ enhanced the sensitivity of cGAS to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and its enzymatic activity, enabling cGAS to produce secondary messenger cGAMP in the presence of low concentrations of dsDNA that would otherwise be non-stimulatory. Mn²⁺ also enhanced STING activity by augmenting cGAMP-STING binding affinity. Mn-deficient mice showed diminished cytokine production and were more vulnerable to DNA viruses, and Mn-deficient STING-deficient mice showed no increased susceptibility. These findings indicate that Mn is critically involved and required for the host defense against DNA viruses.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

The cGAS-STING pathway is required for host defense against DNA viruses. Wang et al. find that upon virus infection, Manganese (Mn²⁺) is released from organelles into the cytosol and facilitates the activation of cGAS and STING. Their findings identify a role for Mn in innate immune activation and host anti-viral defense.

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An Interleukin-25-Mediated Autoregulatory Circuit in Keratinocytes Plays a Pivotal Role in Psoriatic Skin Inflammation

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018
Source:Immunity
Author(s): Miao Xu, Huiping Lu, Young-Hee Lee, Yelin Wu, Kewei Liu, Yuling Shi, Haoran An, Jingren Zhang, Xiaohu Wang, Yuping Lai, Chen Dong
Psoriasis is a chronic autoinflammatory skin disease. Although interleukin-17, derived from lymphocytes, has been shown to be critical in psoriasis, the initiation and maintenance of chronic skin inflammation has not been well understood. IL-25 (also called IL-17E), another IL-17 family cytokine, is well known to regulate allergic responses and type 2 immunity. Here we have shown that IL-25, also highly expressed in the lesional skin of psoriasis patients, was regulated by IL-17 in murine skin of a imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis model. IL-25 injection induced skin inflammation, whereas germline or keratinocyte-specific deletion of IL-25 caused resistance to IMQ-induced psoriasis. Via IL-17RB expression in keratinocytes, IL-25 stimulated the proliferation of keratinocytes and induced the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, via activation of the STAT3 transcription factor. Thus, our data demonstrate that an IL-17-induced autoregulatory circuit in keratinocytes is mediated by IL-25 and suggest that this circuit could be targeted in the treatment of psoriasis patients.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

The inflammatory mechanism of psoriasis remains incompletely understood. In this issue, Xu et al. identified IL-25 as a key pathogenic factor regulating the proliferation of keratinocytes and psoriasis development in an autocrine expression manner.

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Probing the brain with molecular fMRI

Publication date: June 2018
Source:Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 50
Author(s): Souparno Ghosh, Peter Harvey, Jacob C Simon, Alan Jasanoff
One of the greatest challenges of modern neuroscience is to incorporate our growing knowledge of molecular and cellular-scale physiology into integrated, organismic-scale models of brain function in behavior and cognition. Molecular-level functional magnetic resonance imaging (molecular fMRI) is a new technology that can help bridge these scales by mapping defined microscopic phenomena over large, optically inaccessible regions of the living brain. In this review, we explain how MRI-detectable imaging probes can be used to sensitize noninvasive imaging to mechanistically significant components of neural processing. We discuss how a combination of innovative probe design, advanced imaging methods, and strategies for brain delivery can make molecular fMRI an increasingly successful approach for spatiotemporally resolved studies of diverse neural phenomena, perhaps eventually in people.

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Relations entre le caractère obstructif des amygdales palatines, le type de ventilation et la posture labiale.

Relations entre le caractère obstructif des amygdales palatines, le type de ventilation et la posture labiale.

Int Orthod. 2018 Apr 05;:

Authors: Diouf JS, Diallo BK, Diop-Ba K, Badiane A, Ngom PI, Sonko O, Diagne F

PMID: 29628430 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Four years follow up of ACY1 deficient patient and pedigree study

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018
Source:Brain and Development
Author(s): Maria Grazia Alessandrì, Roberta Milone, Claudia Casalini, Claudia Nesti, Giovanni Cioni, Roberta Battini
Aminoacylase 1 deficiency (ACY1D) is a rare inborn error of metabolism characterized by increased urinary excretion of N-acetylated amino acids. Clinical phenotypes of 15 known patients with ACY1 deficiency have been described up to now. Findings are greatly variable, ranging from normality to relevant neurological and psychiatric impairments, but clinical follow up has been rarely reported. To partially fill this gap, we present a detailed clinical description and the outcome four years post-diagnosis of a patient already described, with mild intellectual disability, language delay, autistic traits and compound heterozygous mutations in ACY1.

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Differential Proteomic Analysis of Actinic Keratosis, Bowen’s Disease and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Label-Free LC-MS/MS

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018
Source:Journal of Dermatological Science
Author(s): Ali Azimi, Kimberley L. Kaufman, Marina Ali, Jonathan Arthur, Steven Kossard, Pablo Fernandez-Penas
BACKGROUNDThe boundaries between actinic keratosis (AK), Bowen's disease (BD), and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are sometimes not clear. Large-scale proteomic profiling studies of these lesions are also non-existent.OBJECTIVETo evaluate proteomic changes between normal epidermis, AK, BD and cSCC that could support a molecular classification and improve our understanding of disease progression.METHODSMicrodissected formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples of normal epidermis (n = 4, pooled), AK (n = 10), BD (n = 10) and cSCC (n = 10) were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Following normalization and multiple testing adjustments, differential abundance analysis was performed using Linear Models for Microarray data. Proteins were filtered for significance (adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05) and fold change of at least ±1.5. Comparative bioinformatics analysis was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. Proteomic findings were subsequently substantiated using immunohistochemistry.RESULTS2073 unique proteins were identified. cSCC had the highest number of differentially abundant proteins (63 proteins) followed by BD (58 proteins) and AK (46 proteins). Six proteins (APOA1, ALB, SERPINA1, HLA-B, HP and TXNDC5) were differentially abundant in cSCC compared to AK. Immunohistochemical analysis corroborated changes in MIF, RPL37A and TXNDC5. IPA analysis predicted that cell proliferation, angiogenesis and inflammatory reactions were significantly activated in cSCC compared to BD and AK. Cell death and DNA damage were predicted to be inhibited in BD.CONCLUSIONOur study supports the concept that AK and BD are precursors of cSCC. The identification of proteome changes indicates disruption of repair, pro-apoptotic, and tumour promoting pathways. Our findings will help select targets for classification and treatment

https://ift.tt/2EBZv7E

RIPK1 downregulation in keratinocyte enhances TRAIL signaling in psoriasis

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018
Source:Journal of Dermatological Science
Author(s): Nao Saito, Masaru Honma, Takashi Shibuya, Shin Iinuma, Satomi Igawa, Mari Kishibe, Akemi Ishida-Yamamoto
BackgroundPsoriasis, a common inflammatory skin disorder characterized by scaly erythema and plaques, is induced by dysregulation of dendritic cell- and T cell-mediated immune reaction. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) regulates inflammatory signaling in response to stimuli such as TNF-α, TRAIL, and TLRs, resulting in apoptosis, necroptosis and NF-κB activation. However, the physiological relevance in human epidermis remains elusive.ObjectiveIn this study, we examined whether RIPK1 is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris.MethodsSkin samples of eight patients with psoriasis vulgaris were investigated by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The functions of RIPK1 in keratinocytes were examined by RT-PCR and ELISA in vitro. TRAIL-neutralization-experiment was employed in an imiquimod-induced murine psoriasis model.ResultsIn lesional psoriatic epidermis, RIPK1-expression was decreased compared with that in normal epidermis. Cytokines involved in the pathomechanism of psoriasis, such as IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-22 and TRAIL, reduced RIPK1-expression in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) in vitro. In addition, RIPK1-knockdown enhanced TRAIL-mediated expression of psoriasis-relating cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, in HEK. Numerous TRAIL-positive cells were detected in the dermis of lesional psoriatic skin, and TRAIL receptors were expressed in psoriatic epidermis and HEK in conventional cultures. Moreover, TRAIL-neutralization in an imiquimod-induced murine psoriasis model remarkably improved skin phenotypes, such as ear thickness, and TNF-α expression in lesional skin.ConclusionsThese results lead us to conclude that RIPK1-downregulation in keratinocytes increases their susceptibility to TRAIL stimulation, and plays a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris.

https://ift.tt/2JC0yYK

Genomics and pharmacogenomics of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Chuan Wu, Wei Li
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a prevalent form of pediatric cancer that accounts for 70-80% of all leukemias. Genome-based analysis, exome sequencing, transcriptomics and proteomics have provided insight into genetic classification of ALL and helped identify novel subtypes of the disease. B and T cell-based ALL are two well-characterized genomic subtypes, significantly marked by bone marrow disorders, along with mutations in trisomy 21 and T53. The other ALLs include Early T-cell precursor ALL, Philadelphia chromosome-like ALL, Down syndrome-associated ALL and Relapsed ALL. Chromosomal number forms a basis of classification, such as, hypodiploid ALL, near-haploid, low-hypodiploid, high-hypodiploid and hypodiploid-ALL. Advances in therapies targeting ALL have been noteworthy, with significant pre-clinical and clinical studies on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine are leading drugs with best demonstrated efficacies against childhood ALL. The drugs in combination, following dose titration, have also been used for maintenance therapy. Methotrexate-polyglutamate is a key metabolite that specifically targets the disease pathogenesis, and 6-thioguanine nucleotides, derived from 6-mercaptopurine, impede replication and transcription processes, inducing cytotoxicity. Additionally, glucocorticoids, asparaginase, anthracycline, vincristine and cytarabine that trans-repress gene expression, deprives cells of asparagine, triggers cell cycle arrest, influences cytochrome-P450 polymorphism and inhibits DNA polymerase, respectively, have been used in chemotherapy in ALL patients. Overall, this review covers the progress in genome technology related to different sub-types of ALL and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of its medications. It also enlightens adverse effects of current drugs, and emphasizes the necessity of genome-wide association studies for restricting childhood ALL.

https://ift.tt/2JyIQ8C

Organization, Quality and Cost of Oncological Home-Hospitalization: A Systematic Review

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Lieselot Cool, Dominique Vandijck, Philip Debruyne, Melissa Desmedt, Tessa Lefebvre, Michelle Lycke, Pieter Jan De Jonghe, Hans Pottel, Veerle Foulon, Koen Van Eygen
BackgroundHome-hospitalization might be a patient-centred approach facing the increasing burden of cancer on societies. This systematic review assessed how oncological home-hospitalization has been organized and to what extend its quality and costs were evaluated.ResultsTwenty-four papers describing parenteral cancer drug administration to adult patients in their homes were included. Most papers concluded oncological home-hospitalization had no significant effect on patient-reported quality of life (7/8=88%), but large majority of patients were satisfied (12/13, 92%) and preferred home treatment (7/8, 88%). No safety risks were associated with home-hospitalization (10/10, 100%). The cost of home-hospitalization was found beneficial in five trials (5/9, 56%); others reported no financial impact (2/9, 22%) or additional costs (2/9, 22%).ConclusionDespite heterogeneity, majority of reported models for oncological home-hospitalisation demonstrated that this is a safe, equivalent and acceptable alternative to ambulatory hospital care. More well-designed trials are needed to evaluate its economic impact.

https://ift.tt/2IHdHP1

A new Alzheimer's disease cell model using B cells to induce beta amyloid plaque formation and increase TNF alpha expression

Publication date: June 2018
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 59
Author(s): Mehrouz Dezfulian
Different cell models have been developed for the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathways. The neuronal dysfunction and cell death mechanisms that are commonly found in this disease are due to the production of high levels of cytokines and the formation of amyloid plaques. In the cell model introduced in the present study, the production of these two important factors is induced by using B cells from an AD patient.The B cells of an Alzheimer's patient and a normal control were immortalized by using EBV (Epstein-Barr virus) to produce a lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL). The amount of TNF alpha cytokine was evaluated at the RNA and protein levels by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The AD LCL was cultured with SKNMC cells with and without treatment of TNF alpha siRNA. Amyloid plaque formation was monitored by Congo-red staining and microscopy.The amount of TNF alpha cytokine was significantly increased in the AD LCL compared to the normal LCL. The AD LCL induced the formation of amyloid plaques in SKNMC cells. The AD LCL treated with TNF alpha siRNA and co-cultured with SKNMC cells decreased the size and number of amyloid plaques in SKNMC cells.This cellular model is an appropriate model for studying Alzheimer's disease and the mechanisms related to it, as well as for research on cytokine inhibitors, especially TNF alpha inhibitors.

https://ift.tt/2qkCEsL

Mepolizumab use: post-approval academic practice experience

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018
Source:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Author(s): Mariel R. Benjamin, Bruce S. Bochner, Anju T. Peters

https://ift.tt/2qn2bRD

Oral corticosteroids should be available on-hand at home for the next asthma exacerbation!

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018
Source:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Author(s): Miles Weinberger, Leslie Hendeles, Mutasim Abu-Hasan

https://ift.tt/2GNDZmb

The pediatric asthma yardstick: practical recommendations for a sustained step-up in asthma therapy for children with inadequately controlled asthma

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018
Source:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Author(s): Bradley E. Chipps, Leonard B. Bacharier, Judith R. Farrar, Daniel J. Jackson, Kevin R. Murphy, Wanda Phipatanakul, Stanley J. Szefler, W. Gerald Teague, Robert S. Zeiger
Current asthma guidelines recommend a control-based approach to management involving assessment of impairment and risk followed by implementation of treatment strategies individualized according to the patient's needs and preferences. However, for children with asthma, achieving control can be elusive. While tools are available to help children (and families) track and manage day-to-day symptoms, when and how to implement a longer-term step-up in care is less clear. Furthermore, treatment is challenged by the three age groups of childhood – adolescence (12-18 years old), school age (6-11 years old), and young children (≤ 5 years old), and what works for one age group may not be the best approach for another. The Pediatric Asthma Yardstick provides an in-depth assessment of when and how to step-up therapy for the child with not well or poorly controlled asthma. Development of this tool follows the others in the Yardstick series, presenting patient profiles and step-up strategies based on current guidance documents, but modified according to newer data and the authors' combined clinical experience. The objective is to provide clinicians who treat children with asthma practical and clinically relevant recommendations for each step-up and each intervention, with the intent of helping practitioners better treat their pediatric patients with asthma, particularly those who do not always respond to recommended therapies.

https://ift.tt/2GRdUms

Chromosome 1q23.3q31.1 deletion associated with decreased newborn screening of T cell receptor rearrangement circles (TRECs)

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018
Source:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Author(s): Julia S. Lee, Bradley A. Becker, Amelia Kirby, Alan P. Knutsen

https://ift.tt/2qk3zEg

Application of vermiculite-derived sustainable adsorbents for removal of venlafaxine

Abstract

Removal of emerging pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals, from wastewater is a challenge. Adsorption is a simple and efficient process that can be applied. Clays, which are natural and low-cost materials, have been investigated as adsorbent. In this work, raw vermiculite and its three modified forms (expanded, base, and acid/base treated) were tested for removal of a widely used antidepressant, venlafaxine. Adsorption kinetics followed Elovich's model for raw vermiculite while the pseudo-2nd order model was a better fit in the case of other materials. Equilibrium followed Langmuir's model for the raw and the acid/base-treated vermiculite, while Redlich-Peterson's model fitted better the expanded and the base-treated materials. The adsorption capacity of vermiculite was significantly influenced by the changes in the physical and chemical properties of the materials caused by the treatments. The base-treated, raw, and expanded vermiculites showed lower maximum adsorption capacities (i.e., 6.3 ± 0.5, 5.8 ± 0.7, 3.9 ± 0.2 mg g⁻¹, respectively) than the acid/base-treated material (33 ± 4 mg g⁻¹). The acid/base-treated vermiculite exhibited good properties as a potential adsorbent for tertiary treatment of wastewater in treatment plants, in particular for cationic species as venlafaxine due to facilitation of diffusion of the species to the interlayer gallery upon such treatment.

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https://ift.tt/2IGXDwH

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in cutaneous head and neck melanoma

Abstract

Purpose

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is now a standard of care for cutaneous melanoma, but it is still controversial for cutaneous head and neck melanoma (CHNM). This study aims to confirm the feasibility, accuracy and low morbidity of SLNB in CHNM and evaluate its prognostic value.

Methods

A monocentric and retrospective study on patients with CHNM treated in our tertiary care center (Gustave Roussy) between January 2008 and December 2012 was performed. The feasibility, morbidity and prognostic value of this technique were analysed.

Results

One hundred and twenty-four consecutive patients were included. SLNB was realized in 97.6% of the cases. No significant post-operative morbidity was observed. Nineteen percents of patients had a positive SN while only 14.3% of complete lymph node dissections (CLND) had additional nodal metastasis. The risk of recurrence after positive SN was significantly higher (69.2 vs 30.8%, p = 0.043). The false omission rate was low with 7.1%. Overall survival and disease-free survival were better in the negative SN group (82 vs 49%, p < 0.001 and 69.3 vs 41.8%, p = 0.0131). The risk of recurrence was significantly higher in the positive SN group (p = 0.043) and when primary tumour was ulcerated (p = 0.031). Only the mitotic rate of the primary tumour was associated with SN positivity (p = 0.049).

Conclusion

As in other sites, SLNB status is a strong prognostic factor with comparable false omission rate and no superior morbidity.

https://ift.tt/2HaHrqx

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Interleukin-33 promotes helper T cell type-2/17 inflammation in children with allergic rhinitis

https://ift.tt/2GLXsj9

Potential risk factors associated with the development of synechiae following functional endoscopic sinus surgery

Abstract

Purpose

Synechiae formation in the middle meatus is the most common complication of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Our objectives were to determine the incidence of synechiae occurring in a cohort of patients that have undergone FESS and identify characteristics associated with the development of synechiae postoperatively.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted of CRS patients, with or without nasal polyposis, that had undergone bilateral FESS in the past. All patients had received non-absorbable spacers intraoperatively that were left in situ for 6 days. Demographic and preoperative variables were analyzed to identify synechiae risk factors. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to estimate the probability of developing synechiae, given demographic and preoperative variables.

Results

Two hundred cases of bilateral FESS were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-eight (19.0%, 95% CI 13.6–24.4%) patients developed synechiae. Individuals receiving primary FESS and nasal septal reconstruction (NSR) were strongly associated with the development of synechiae (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.5–8.5; OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.3–6.9). A multivariable logistic regression model adjusting for NSR, recurrent FESS, concha bullosa, requirement of anterior and posterior ethmoidectomy, Lund-Mackay CT score and gender, identified the likelihood of developing synechiae with a sensitivity of 68%, specificity of 73%, positive predictive value of 38% and likelihood ratio of 2.5.

Conclusion

Patients undergoing primary FESS and NSR are at greatest odds of developing postoperative synechiae. Methods of assessing risk factors and preventing synechiae formation in this population should be evaluated in future prospective investigations.

https://ift.tt/2GQhJ7t

Correction to: Long-term hearing results of stapedotomy: analysis of factors affecting outcome

Abstract

The given and family names of all the co-authors are incorrect in the published article. The correct names should read as follows:

https://ift.tt/2Hdpasy

Efficacy and safety of LigaSure™ small jaw instrument in thyroidectomy: a 1-year prospective observational study

Abstract

Purpose

To compare the efficacy and safety profiles of LigaSure™ small jaw instrument (LSJI) versus conventional technique in patients undergoing open thyroidectomy.

Methods

This single-center, prospective, observational study conducted in Zhejiang Provincial Cancer Hospital enrolled patients who underwent thyroidectomy between September 2013 and September 2014. The primary study outcomes included determination of blood loss, operative duration, length of hospital stay, and drainage volume. The secondary outcomes included evaluation of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, postoperative bleeding, and hypoparathyroidism.

Results

A total of 842 patients undergoing thyroidectomy either with conventional method (n = 440) or with LSJI (n = 402) were enrolled. A significantly reduced operative time and intraoperative blood loss were noted in the LSJI group (p < .001) compared with the conventional group. Further, the LSJI group also demonstrated a significantly lower postoperative drainage (p < .05) compared with the conventional group. Length of hospital stay and incidence of postoperative complications were similar in both the LSJI and conventional groups.

Conclusion

LigaSure hemostasis in thyroidectomy appears to result in significantly reduced operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative drainage compared with the conventional method in Chinese patients.

https://ift.tt/2IGEgUy

The use of drug-induced sleep endoscopy in England and Belgium

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this international survey is to ascertain the current practice of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) for patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) by Otolaryngologists in the United Kingdom and Belgium. We compare the results with recommendations from the European Position Paper on drug-induced sleep endoscopy.

Methods

An online questionnaire was circulated to Consultant Otolaryngologists, independent practitioners, and trainees across the two countries. Eleven questions were used in total.

Results

181 responses from the UK and 117 responses from Belgium were received, mostly from consultants and independent practitioners. SDB was a common presentation to ENT practice, seen by over 90% of clinicians. The use of DISE varied greatly between the two countries (72.9% Belgium, 26.1% UK). 54.1% of Belgian respondents use DISE on over 50% of their patients, compared to only 32.4% of British clinicians. Attitudes of surgeons towards the diagnostic value of DISE varied; in Belgium, the majority (54%) gave a rating of 3 or more (1 = useless to 5 = essential), with no respondents giving a score of 0 (useless). In the UK only 16% of respondents felt DISE had useful clinical value, with 25 respondents deeming it 'useless'. The majority opt for DISE when non-surgical therapies fail (51.4% UK, 61.3% Belgium). The majority of participants do not use objective measures for depth of sedation (75.7% UK, 66.7% Belgium), with a marked variation on anaesthetic methods. 62.2% of UK clinicians do not use a classification system, whereas in Belgium the majority of clinicians (60.8%) use the VOTE grading system.

Conclusions

Clinicians in Belgium were more favourable to using DISE than in the UK. Differences in its clinical effectiveness were apparent between the two countries. A consensus on patient selection, method of sedation and an effective classification system seemed to be lacking from both countries. Further education is required to raise awareness for the use of DISE.

https://ift.tt/2Hdp83U

Clinical course of rhinosinusitis and efficacy of sinonasal evaluation in kidney transplant recipients: review of 1589 patients

Abstract

Introduction

Rhinosinusitis in patients who undergo kidney transplantation (KT) might have specific clinical characteristics due to immune status of recipients. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical course of rhinosinusitis after KT and to evaluate the efficacy of routine sinonasal evaluation before KT.

Methods

The study included 1589 kidney transplant adult patients who underwent preoperative sinonasal evaluation including sinonasal symptoms, nasal endoscopy, and plain X-ray between November 1994 and December 2013 (19 years). Demographic data and clinical course of rhinosinusitis were evaluated retrospectively.

Results

The study population consisted of 897 men (56.5%) and 692 women (43.5%) with a mean age of 42.5 years (range 18–75 years). The prevalence of pre-KT rhinosinusitis was 4.2% (66/1589), and that of post-KT rhinosinusitis was 0.9% (13/1503). The prevalence of acute rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) was 0.13 and 2.33% in pre-KT patients and 0.2 and 0.6% in post-KT patients, respectively. The recurrence rate of CRS in pre-KT patients was 37.8%. Of the 27 asymptomatic patients, the recurrence rate was 11.1%. Symptomatic patients had more severe endoscopic findings and higher Lund-Mackay CT scores than asymptomatic patients. The prevalence of fungal ball (0.8% in pre-KT and 0.3% in post-KT patients) was similar to that in the general population, and only one patient experienced invasive fungal rhinosinusitis after KT. No patient with pre-KT rhinosinusitis experienced severe complications.

Conclusions

The prevalence and recurrence rate of rhinosinusitis in KT patients was not increased after KT. Symptomatic patients needed surgical or medical treatment before KT, but asymptomatic patients showed no deterioration of clinical course after KT. Routine sinonasal evaluation for asymptomatic patients is not recommended before KT.

https://ift.tt/2IGU9dD

Intralabyrinthine schwannomas: a new surgical treatment

Abstract

Objective

To define a new surgical option, with lower morbidity, for the treatment of intralabyrinthine schwannomas.

Study design

Retrospective case review.

Setting

Tertiary referral centers.

Patients

Eight patients affected by an intralabyrinthine schwannoma, with or without extension to the internal auditory canal, that underwent surgery with a transcanal transpromontorial approach, were included in the study. The average age at presentation was 47 years. Patients' characteristics, symptoms, tumor features, and surgical results were analyzed.

Interventions

All patients were diagnosed and evaluated pre-operatively with high-resolution, gadolinium-enhanced MRI and CT scan of the temporal bone, and underwent surgery via either transcanal transpromontorial endoscopic approach (TTEA) or enlarged transcanal transpromontorial endoscopic approach (ETTA).

Main outcome measures

Hearing function was evaluated with the Hearing Classification System according to the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium Guidelines. Facial nerve function was evaluated using the House–Brackmann grading system (HB).

Results

In six patients out of eight, a TTEA was performed, whereas, due to the extension of the pathology to the cerebellopontine angle, two patients underwent an ETTA. The mean follow-up period was 15.5 months (range 1–69). No intra-operative and post-operative major complications were observed. Post-operative facial nerve function was normal in seven out of eight patients (grade I HB). One patient presented a grade II HB.

Conclusion

The endoscopic approach to cochlear schwannoma represents a good treatment option for patients and should be preferred to other more invasive surgical techniques when indicated, to reduce complications, hospitalization, and offer to patients the chance to eradicate the disease, thus avoiding the stress of a long-life radiological follow-up.

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https://ift.tt/2HehWES

Neural Networks Supporting Audiovisual Integration for Speech: A Large-Scale Lesion Study

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018
Source:Cortex
Author(s): Gregory Hickok, Corianne Rogalsky, William Matchin, Alexandra Basilakos, Julia Cai, Sara Pillay, Michelle Ferrill, Soren Mickelsen, Steven W. Anderson, Tracy Love, Jeffrey Binder, Julius Fridriksson
Auditory and visual speech information are often strongly integrated resulting in perceptual enhancements for audiovisual (AV) speech over audio alone and sometimes yielding compelling illusory fusion percepts when AV cues are mismatched, the McGurk-MacDonald effect. Previous research has identified three candidate regions thought to be critical for AV speech integration: the posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS), early auditory cortex, and the posterior inferior frontal gyrus. We assess the causal involvement of these regions (and others) in the first large-scale (N=100) lesion-based study of AV speech integration. Two primary findings emerged. First, behavioral performance and lesion maps for AV enhancement and illusory fusion measures indicate that classic metrics of AV speech integration are not necessarily measuring the same process. Second, lesions involving superior temporal auditory, lateral occipital visual, and multisensory zones in the STS are the most disruptive to AV speech integration. Further, when AV speech integration fails, the nature of the failure—auditory vs. visual capture—can be predicted from the location of the lesions. These findings show that AV speech processing is supported by unimodal auditory and visual cortices as well as multimodal regions such as the STS at their boundary. Motor related frontal regions do not appear to play a role in AV speech integration.

https://ift.tt/2GMJRfv

Study on the preparation of spinel ferrites with enhanced magnetic properties using limonite laterite ore as raw materials

Publication date: 15 August 2018
Source:Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Volume 460
Author(s): Jian-ming Gao, Fangqin Cheng
Preparation of spinel ferrites using limonite laterite ore as raw materials was proposed. The effect of Zn substitution on the structure, magnetic properties of as-prepared spinel ferrites were systematically characterized and discussed. The results show that single-phase spinel ferrite was directly synthesized from the precursor solution with the leaching temperature and leaching acid concentration of 200 °C and 2.25 mol·L⁻¹, respectively, and after calcination at 1000 °C for 2 h. Moreover, single-phase of spinel ferrites with different Zn substitution contents (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.23, 0.35, 0.47, 0.58) could be also obtained. All the lattice constant (a), average grain sizes (d) and X-ray density (Dx) increase with increasing Zn substitution content. With Zn substitution content increasing from 0.00 to 0.58, the saturation magnetization (Ms) value increased from 34.0 to 65.9 emu·g⁻¹ for x = 0.35, and then decreased to 50.7 emu·g⁻¹ while the coercivity (Hc) value decreased from 50 Oe to 14 Oe. This paper provides a pathway for comprehensive utilization of limonite laterite ore and synthesis of spinel ferrites with excellent magnetic performance.

https://ift.tt/2HqhEbo

An investigation of magneto-optical Kerr effect signal by optical cavity in [Glass/Co/ZnS] structure

Publication date: 15 August 2018
Source:Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Volume 460
Author(s): Behnam Esmaeilzadeh, Mehrdad Moradi, Farhad Jahantigh
In this paper, using the magneto optical Kerr effect, the magnetic properties of [Glass/Co/ZnS] structure has been investigated. Initially, by co-precipitation method, zinc sulfide was prepared and then by X-ray diffraction pattern, its structure was confirmed. In the structure of [Glass/Co/ZnS], cobalt was used as a magnetic material and zinc sulfide acts as a capping layer. Before fabrication process, the optimums cobalt and zinc sulfide thicknesses were calculated using the MATLAB simulation software and the desired thicknesses were selected. To obtain layers with variable thicknesses, the oblique thermal evaporation technique was used and different thicknesses of about 5–90 nm for cobalt and 45 nm for zinc sulfide on the glass substrate were coated. The longitudinal Kerr signal (LKS) of the [Glass/Co/ZnS] samples were measured in different cobalt thicknesses. By using the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE), the hysteresis loop of samples in the longitudinal geometry have been measured samples and it was observed that the sample has an easy axis in the plane of the film and in the direction of its large diameter. The results have shown that the capping layer with suitable thickness, by creation of an optical cavity, has been able to amplify the Kerr signal by more than 1.5 times, which is noticeable by considering the simplicity of the technique. This structure can be applied as a highly accurate magneto-optical sensor.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2HpGY1h

Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

! # Ola via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader

Η λίστα ιστολογίων μου

Τρίτη 10 Απριλίου 2018

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