Pruritus is a distressing symptom seen in palliative care. There is limited high-quality evidence of pharmaceutical treatments for pruritus in palliative care, including the use of paroxetine.
http://ift.tt/2yiBcNc
Κυριακή 1 Οκτωβρίου 2017
Treatment of pruritus in a palliative care patient with low-dose paroxetine: a case report
Studies on acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium to freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata (Lamarck) with special reference to behavioral and hematological changes
Abstract
Molluscs have long been regarded as promising bioindicator and biomonitoring subjects for heavy metals as molluscs are highly tolerant to heavy metals and exhibit high accumulation in their body. In spite of several previous studies about the impact of cadmium on molluscs, little information exists in literatures concerning the toxic effects of cadmium on Lymnaea acuminata, especially pertaining to behavioral and hematological changes as these are considered effective bioindicators and biomonitoring variables for detecting heavy metals in polluted water bodies. In the present study, the median lethal concentrations of cadmium chloride to snail, Lymnaea acuminata, were estimated to be 9.66, 7.69, 6.26, and 5.54 mg/L at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, respectively. For behavioral studies, variable test concentrations of cadmium from 0.00 to 10 mg/L were used. The clumping tendency, crawling activity, and touch reflex in the exposed snails were gradually decreased with higher concentrations at 72 and 96 h. For measuring the hemocyte numbers in the circulating hemolymph of snail during chronic cadmium exposure, two sublethal doses of cadmium (10 and 20% 96-h LC50—0.55 and 1.11 mg/L, respectively) were used. A significant variation (p < 0.05) from the control at all exposure times (7, 14, 21, and 28 days) was recorded at 1.11 mg/L concentration. The total count of circulating hemocytes was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) compared to the controls at both concentrations of cadmium exposure at all time periods except 14 and 21 days exposure at 0.55 mg/L where values were non-significantly increased. In comparison between two sublethal doses, blood cells were significantly (p < 0.05) lowered at 1.11 mg/L cadmium treatment. Considering the behavioral and hematological data, it seems possible to forecast the physiological state of snails in cadmium-contaminated water bodies and these findings can be used in determining the safe disposal level of cadmium in aquatic ecosystem.
http://ift.tt/2g2STpd
Fractions and transformation of organic phosphorus in sediments from a eutrophic lake in China
Abstract
Several organic phosphorus compounds (Po) in sediment from a representative eutrophic lake were surveyed using a sequential fractionation procedure, which included microbial biomass phosphorus (Biomass-P), fulvic acid phosphorus (FA-P), humic acid phosphorus (HU-P), and residual phosphorus (Res-P). In addition, several organic compounds including orthophosphate monoesters, orthophosphate diesters, and pyrophosphate were simultaneously measured using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR). Results showed that Po contributed over 50% of total phosphorus (TP), and the average concentration of Po species generally decreased from Res-P > FA-P > HU-P > Biomass-P. Additionally, the relative proportions of phosphorus compounds in the sediment followed the decreasing order of orthophosphate monoesters > orthophosphate diesters > pyrophosphate. In general, Po was the dominant phosphorus species. Residual P was not a single species but comprised of a group of species, and tended to be stable. Although orthophosphate monoesters had the highest concentrations and ratios in Po, orthophosphate diesters displayed a more distinct remineralization trend. Principal component analysis (PCA) coupled with correlation analysis suggested that a greater amount of orthophosphate diesters resided in Res-P, than HU-P or FA-P.
http://ift.tt/2x8PpvZ
Organic ligand induced release of vanadium from the dissolution of stone coal oxide ore
Abstract
The effects of low-molecular-weight dissolved organic matters (LMWDOMs) on the release of vanadium (V) under environmental conditions are part of a broader study on the environmental geochemistry behavior of V. Eight typical naturally occurring LMWDOMs with carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amidogen groups were chosen: citric acid, oxalic acid, EDTA, salicylic acid, catechol, glycine, cysteine, and glucose. The results showed that the release of V was largely promoted by LMWDOMs with carboxyl functional groups under acidic conditions and with catechol under basic conditions. In the presence of citric acid, oxalic acid, or EDTA at pH 4.0, the initial release rates of V were approximately 25–39 times greater than the rates in the control experiments; the steady release rates were 164, 95, and 49 times than the rates in the control experiments, respectively. For catechol, the release rate at pH 8.0 was approximately 20 times the rate at pH 4.0. Amino acids and alcohols had a minimal effect on the release of V. Ligand-promoted release rates of V were found primarily due to the faster detachment of surface complexes, the protonated sites from the mineral surface and the reduction of dissolved V (V) in the presence of citric acid, oxalic acid, EDTA, and catechol. This study helps understand the pollution risk of V in some mine areas and the fate of V in the environment.
http://ift.tt/2g2Sx1R
Controlled modification of electrochemical microsystems with polyethylenimine/reduced graphene oxide using electrophoretic deposition: Sensing of dopamine levels in meat samples
Publication date: 1 February 2018
Source:Talanta, Volume 178
Author(s): Karima Kahlouche, Roxana Jijie, Ioana Hosu, Alexandre Barras, Tijani Gharbi, Reda Yahiaoui, Guillaume Herlem, Marhoun Ferhat, Sabine Szunerits, Rabah Boukherroub
Microsystems play an important role in many biological and environmental applications. The integration of electrical interfaces into such miniaturized systems provides new opportunities for electrochemical sensing where high sensitivity and selectivity towards the analyte are requested. This can be only achieved upon controlled functionalization of the working electrode, a challenge for compact microsystems. In this work, we demonstrate the benefit of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of reduced graphene oxide/polyethylenimine (rGO/PEI) for the selective modification of a gold (Au) microelectrode in a microsystem comprising a Pt counter and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The functionalized microsystem was successfully applied for the sensing of dopamine with a detection limit of 50nM. Additionally, the microsystem exhibited good performance for the detection of dopamine levels in meat samples.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2x7y8Ua
Determination of bisphenols with estrogenic activity in plastic packaged baby food samples using solid-liquid extraction and clean-up with dispersive sorbents followed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis
Publication date: 1 February 2018
Source:Talanta, Volume 178
Author(s): M.T. García-Córcoles, M. Cipa, R. Rodríguez-Gómez, A. Rivas, F. Olea-Serrano, J.L. Vílchez, A. Zafra-Gómez
Bisphenols (BPs) are a family of chemicals with known endocrine disrupting activity. Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most representative prototype of this group of chemicals. Recently, the use of BPA, a prototype of endocrine disruptors, has been reduced and replaced with structural analogs due to its negative effects on both the environment and consumers. In this work, a new method is presented for the determination of seven BPs, with estrogenic activity in ready-to-eat plastic packaged baby foods. The procedure involves the isolation of the analytes using solid-liquid phase extraction with acetonitrile followed by a clean-up step with a mixture of dispersive-SPE sorbents (C18 and PSA) and magnesium sulphate, to reduce matrix effect from proteins, sugars and lipids. Extraction parameters were optimized using multivariate optimization methods. The compounds were detected and quantified by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). The limits of quantification were between 0.1 and 1.2ngg−1 for the studied analytes. The method was validated using matrix–matched calibration and recovery assays with spiked samples. Recovery rates were between 91% and 110% and % RSD was lower than 13% in all cases. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of these endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in samples of a novel type of food consumed by pre-schoolers. This is the first study to analyze EDCs in plastic packaged foods consumed by this target group.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2x8OT11
How to write a Critically Appraised Topic: evidence to underpin routine clinical practice
Summary
Critically appraised topics (CATs) are essential tools for busy clinicians who wish to ensure that their daily clinical practice is underpinned by evidence-based medicine. CATs are short summaries of the most up-to-date, high-quality available evidence that is found using thorough structured methods. They can be used to answer specific, patient-orientated questions that arise recurrently in real-life practice. This article provides readers with a detailed guide to performing their own CATs. It is split into four main sections reflecting the four main steps involved in performing a CAT: formulation of a focused question, a search for the most relevant and highest-quality evidence, critical appraisal of the evidence and application of the results back to the patient scenario. As well as helping to improve patient care on an individual basis by answering specific clinical questions that arise, CATs can help spread and share knowledge with colleagues on an international level through publication in the evidence-based dermatology section of the British Journal of Dermatology.
http://ift.tt/2x8ryg4
How to write a Critically Appraised Topic: evidence to underpin routine clinical practice
Summary
Critically appraised topics (CATs) are essential tools for busy clinicians who wish to ensure that their daily clinical practice is underpinned by evidence-based medicine. CATs are short summaries of the most up-to-date, high-quality available evidence that is found using thorough structured methods. They can be used to answer specific, patient-orientated questions that arise recurrently in real-life practice. This article provides readers with a detailed guide to performing their own CATs. It is split into four main sections reflecting the four main steps involved in performing a CAT: formulation of a focused question, a search for the most relevant and highest-quality evidence, critical appraisal of the evidence and application of the results back to the patient scenario. As well as helping to improve patient care on an individual basis by answering specific clinical questions that arise, CATs can help spread and share knowledge with colleagues on an international level through publication in the evidence-based dermatology section of the British Journal of Dermatology.
http://ift.tt/2x8ryg4
The meta‐analysis
Fernando de Andrade Quintanilha Ribeiro
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:497
Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xQJ6Ms
First Clinical Consensus and National Recommendations on Tracheostomized Children of the Brazilian Academy of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology (ABOPe) and Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP)
Melissa A.G. Avelino, Rebecca Maunsell, Fabiana Cardoso Pereira Valera, José Faibes Lubianca Neto, Cláudia Schweiger, Carolina Sponchiado Miura, Vitor Guo Chen, Dayse Manrique, Raquel Oliveira, Fabiano Gavazzoni, Isabela Furtado de Mendonça Picinin, Paulo Bittencourt, Paulo Camargos, Fernanda Peixoto, Marcelo Barciela Brandão, Tania Maria Sih, Wilma Terezinha Anselmo‐Lima
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:498-506
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2g2y5hD
Impact of cartilage graft size on success of tympanoplasty
Waleed Abdelhameed, Ibrahim Rezk, Alhussein Awad
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:507-11
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2g2y0ul
Encoding of speech sounds at auditory brainstem level in good and poor hearing aid performers
Hemanth Narayan Shetty, Manjula Puttabasappa
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:512-22
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2g2T7Ne
Profile and prevalence of hearing complaints in the elderly
Magda Aline Bauer, Ângela Kemel Zanella, Irênio Gomes Filho, Geraldo de Carli, Adriane Ribeiro Teixeira, Ângelo José Gonçalves Bós
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:523-9
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xQZXyx
Preoperative vestibular assessment protocol of cochlear implant surgery: an analytical descriptive study
Roseli Saraiva Moreira Bittar, Eduardo Setsuo Sato, Douglas Jósimo Silva Ribeiro, Robinson Koji Tsuji
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:530-5
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xQYVTt
Treatment of large persistent tracheoesophageal peristomal fistulas using silicon rings
Ibrahim Erdim, Ali Ahmet Sirin, Bahadir Baykal, Fatih Oghan, Ali Guvey, Fatma Tulin Kayhan
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:536-40
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xRgjHP
The effect of melatonin and vitamin C treatment on the experimentally induced tympanosclerosis: study in rats
Sema Koc, Halil Kıyıcı, Aysun Toker, Harun Soyalıç, Huseyin Aslan, Hakan Kesici, Zafer I. Karaca
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:541-5
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xRhLKf
Efficacy of syringe‐irrigation topical therapy and the influence of the middle turbinate in sinus penetration of solutions
Guilherme Henrique Wawginiak, Leonardo Balsalobre, Eduardo Macoto Kosugi, João Paulo Mangussi‐Gomes, Raul Ernesto Samaniego, Aldo Cassol Stamm
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:546-51
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xRguT8
Evaluation of aesthetic and functional outcomes in rhinoplasty surgery: a prospective study
Sara Sena Esteves, Miguel Gonçalves Ferreira, João Carvalho Almeida, José Abrunhosa, Cecília Almeida e Sousa
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:552-7
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xReTgf
Medical adherence to intranasal corticosteroids in adult patients
Emre Ocak, Baran Acar, Deniz Kocaöz
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:558-62
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xRkhQz
An often neglected area in crooked nose: middle turbinate pneumatization
Fatih Özdoğan, Halil Erdem Özel, Erkan Esen, Erdem Altıparmak, Selahattin Genç, Adin Selçuk
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:563-7
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xQYVCX
Does stapes surgery improve tinnitus in patients with otosclerosis?
Onur Ismi, Osman Erdogan, Mesut Yesilova, Cengiz Ozcan, Didem Ovla, Kemal Gorur
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:568-73
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xQyqgK
Speech perception performance of subjects with type I diabetes mellitus of noise
Bárbara Cristiane Sordi Silva, Erika Barioni Mantello, Maria Cristina Foss Freitas, Milton César Foss, Myriam de Lima Isaac, Adriana Ribeiro Tavares Anastasio
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:574-9
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xRgK4D
Hearing handicap in patients with chronic kidney disease: a study of the different classifications of the degree of hearing loss
Klinger Vagner Teixeira da Costa, Sonia Maria Soares Ferreira, Pedro de Lemos Menezes
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:580-4
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xQJKcI
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: diagnosis, management and current advances
Diogo Lenzi Capella, Jussara Maria Gonçalves, Adelino Antônio Artur Abrantes, Liliane Janete Grando, Filipe Ivan Daniel
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:585-93
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xRkfYX
Canine fossa puncture in endoscopic sinus surgery: report of two cases
Federico Sireci, Matteo Nicolotti, Paolo Battaglia, Raffaele Sorrentino, Paolo Castelnuovo, Frank Rikki Canevari
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:594-9
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xRgId1
Postauricular neurofibroma – a rare occurrence
Tan Shi Nee, Mazita Ami, Kong Min Han, Primuharsa Putra Sabir Husin Athar
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:600-1
Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xReniu
Thyroid compressive mass, a metastasis of femur chondrosarcoma after 14 years: case report and literature review
François Simon, Marion Classe, Pierre Vironneau, Michel Wassef, Philippe Herman, Nicolas Le Clerc
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:602-4
Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2g2xzjH
Oral manifestations of dengue viral infection
Beuy Joob, Viroj Wiwanitkit
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:605
Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xRlo2N
The meta‐analysis
Fernando de Andrade Quintanilha Ribeiro
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:497
Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xQJ6Ms
First Clinical Consensus and National Recommendations on Tracheostomized Children of the Brazilian Academy of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology (ABOPe) and Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP)
Melissa A.G. Avelino, Rebecca Maunsell, Fabiana Cardoso Pereira Valera, José Faibes Lubianca Neto, Cláudia Schweiger, Carolina Sponchiado Miura, Vitor Guo Chen, Dayse Manrique, Raquel Oliveira, Fabiano Gavazzoni, Isabela Furtado de Mendonça Picinin, Paulo Bittencourt, Paulo Camargos, Fernanda Peixoto, Marcelo Barciela Brandão, Tania Maria Sih, Wilma Terezinha Anselmo‐Lima
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:498-506
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2g2y5hD
Impact of cartilage graft size on success of tympanoplasty
Waleed Abdelhameed, Ibrahim Rezk, Alhussein Awad
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:507-11
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2g2y0ul
Encoding of speech sounds at auditory brainstem level in good and poor hearing aid performers
Hemanth Narayan Shetty, Manjula Puttabasappa
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:512-22
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2g2T7Ne
Profile and prevalence of hearing complaints in the elderly
Magda Aline Bauer, Ângela Kemel Zanella, Irênio Gomes Filho, Geraldo de Carli, Adriane Ribeiro Teixeira, Ângelo José Gonçalves Bós
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:523-9
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xQZXyx
Preoperative vestibular assessment protocol of cochlear implant surgery: an analytical descriptive study
Roseli Saraiva Moreira Bittar, Eduardo Setsuo Sato, Douglas Jósimo Silva Ribeiro, Robinson Koji Tsuji
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:530-5
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xQYVTt
Treatment of large persistent tracheoesophageal peristomal fistulas using silicon rings
Ibrahim Erdim, Ali Ahmet Sirin, Bahadir Baykal, Fatih Oghan, Ali Guvey, Fatma Tulin Kayhan
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:536-40
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xRgjHP
The effect of melatonin and vitamin C treatment on the experimentally induced tympanosclerosis: study in rats
Sema Koc, Halil Kıyıcı, Aysun Toker, Harun Soyalıç, Huseyin Aslan, Hakan Kesici, Zafer I. Karaca
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:541-5
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xRhLKf
Efficacy of syringe‐irrigation topical therapy and the influence of the middle turbinate in sinus penetration of solutions
Guilherme Henrique Wawginiak, Leonardo Balsalobre, Eduardo Macoto Kosugi, João Paulo Mangussi‐Gomes, Raul Ernesto Samaniego, Aldo Cassol Stamm
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:546-51
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xRguT8
Evaluation of aesthetic and functional outcomes in rhinoplasty surgery: a prospective study
Sara Sena Esteves, Miguel Gonçalves Ferreira, João Carvalho Almeida, José Abrunhosa, Cecília Almeida e Sousa
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:552-7
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xReTgf
Medical adherence to intranasal corticosteroids in adult patients
Emre Ocak, Baran Acar, Deniz Kocaöz
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:558-62
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xRkhQz
An often neglected area in crooked nose: middle turbinate pneumatization
Fatih Özdoğan, Halil Erdem Özel, Erkan Esen, Erdem Altıparmak, Selahattin Genç, Adin Selçuk
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:563-7
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xQYVCX
Does stapes surgery improve tinnitus in patients with otosclerosis?
Onur Ismi, Osman Erdogan, Mesut Yesilova, Cengiz Ozcan, Didem Ovla, Kemal Gorur
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:568-73
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xQyqgK
Speech perception performance of subjects with type I diabetes mellitus of noise
Bárbara Cristiane Sordi Silva, Erika Barioni Mantello, Maria Cristina Foss Freitas, Milton César Foss, Myriam de Lima Isaac, Adriana Ribeiro Tavares Anastasio
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:574-9
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xRgK4D
Hearing handicap in patients with chronic kidney disease: a study of the different classifications of the degree of hearing loss
Klinger Vagner Teixeira da Costa, Sonia Maria Soares Ferreira, Pedro de Lemos Menezes
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:580-4
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xQJKcI
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: diagnosis, management and current advances
Diogo Lenzi Capella, Jussara Maria Gonçalves, Adelino Antônio Artur Abrantes, Liliane Janete Grando, Filipe Ivan Daniel
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:585-93
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xRkfYX
Canine fossa puncture in endoscopic sinus surgery: report of two cases
Federico Sireci, Matteo Nicolotti, Paolo Battaglia, Raffaele Sorrentino, Paolo Castelnuovo, Frank Rikki Canevari
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:594-9
Resumo - Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xRgId1
Postauricular neurofibroma – a rare occurrence
Tan Shi Nee, Mazita Ami, Kong Min Han, Primuharsa Putra Sabir Husin Athar
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:600-1
Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xReniu
Thyroid compressive mass, a metastasis of femur chondrosarcoma after 14 years: case report and literature review
François Simon, Marion Classe, Pierre Vironneau, Michel Wassef, Philippe Herman, Nicolas Le Clerc
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:602-4
Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2g2xzjH
Oral manifestations of dengue viral infection
Beuy Joob, Viroj Wiwanitkit
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;83:605
Texto Completo - PDF
http://ift.tt/2xRlo2N
Endotracheal intubation: ultrasound-guided versus fiberscope in patients with cervical spine immobilization
Abstract
Background
Ultrasound has growing applications in airway management during anesthesia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of real-time ultrasound-guided tracheal intubation in patients with cervical spine immobilization relative to fiberscope-guided tracheal intubation.
Patients and methods
This randomized controlled study was carried out on 266 adult patients who have a rigid neck collar in place for cervical spine immobilization and were randomly allocated into two equal groups. All patients were subjected to the same anesthetic protocol. After full neuromuscular blockade, neck collar was removed and tracheal intubation was done in the neutral position. In group A, the trachea was intubated guided by a 5–12-MHz linear ultrasound probe attached to a Sonoscape A5 ultrasound machine. In group B, the trachea was intubated by an endotracheal tube mounted over a fiberscope (Karl Storz, working length 65 cm, distal tip diameter 5.6 mm). Hemodynamic measurements and oxygen saturation were recorded. Tracheal intubation criteria for both groups including duration of the intubation procedure, number of intubation attempts, success rate at each attempt, and the lowest oxygen saturation recorded during tracheal intubation were recorded.
Results
Ultrasound and fiberscope achieved comparable time for tracheal intubation (57 ± 12 vs. 55 ± 10 s), respectively. Success rate of tracheal intubation at the first attempt was higher in the fiberscope group than the ultrasound group, with a P value of 0.032. The overall success rate was not significantly different between the two groups.
Conclusions
Ultrasound-guided tracheal intubation showed a lower first attempt success rate in patients with cervical spine immobilization compared to fiberscope-guided tracheal intubation but the overall success rates were comparable. Ultrasound can be an alternative technique for guiding tracheal intubation in patients with cervical spine immobilization.
Registry number
PACTR201602001476292.
http://ift.tt/2x7kHmV
Preoperative flurbiprofen axetil administration for acute postoperative pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Abstract
Objective
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to effectively decrease postoperative pain and reduce opioid requirements. Flurbiprofen axetil is an injectable non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor that has a high affinity for inflammatory tissues to achieve targeted drug therapy and prolonged duration of action. This meta-analysis examined the use of preoperative flurbiprofen axetil and its impact on postoperative analgesia.
Methods
An electronic literature search of the Library of PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and EMBASE databases was conducted in Feb 2016. Searches were limited to randomized controlled trials. The primary outcome was pain scores. The secondary outcomes included cumulative postoperative opioid consumption and opioid-related adverse effects.
Results
A total of nine RCT studies involving 457 patients were included in this study. Compared to patients without perioperative flurbiprofen axetil, patients treated with preoperative flurbiprofen axetil had lower pain scores at 2 h (SMD −1.00; 95% CI −1.57 to −0.43, P = 0.0006), 6 h (SMD −1.22; 95% CI −2.01 to −0.43; P = 0.002), 12 h (SMD −1.19; 95% CI −2.10 to −0.28; P = 0.01), and 24 h (SMD −0.79; 95% CI −1.31 to −0.27; P = 0.003) following surgery. Preoperative flurbiprofen axetil had no significant effect on postoperative opioid consumption (SMD −13.11; 95% CI −34.56 to 8.33; P = 0.23). There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to adverse effects. Compared to patients with postoperative flurbiprofen axetil, however, preoperative flurbiprofen axetil resulted in decreased pain score only at 2 h after operation.
Conclusions
Preoperative use of flurbiprofen axetil will result in significantly lower postoperative pain scores, but no difference in nausea, vomiting, and opioid consumption compared to those who did not receive flurbiprofen axetil. However, more homogeneous and well-designed clinical studies are necessary to determine whether preoperative flurbiprofen axetil administration has more efficacy than that given at the end of surgery.
http://ift.tt/2fBNXr0
Inhibition of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1b induces hepatic steatosis through DPP4/NOX1-mediated regulation of superoxide
Publication date: December 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 113
Author(s): Zi Long, Meng Cao, Shuhao Su, Guangyuan Wu, Fansen Meng, Hao Wu, Jiangzheng Liu, Weihua Yu, Kamran Atabai, Xin Wang
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder that is closely associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have suggested that hepatocyte nuclear factor 1b (HNF1b) ameliorates insulin resistance. However, the role of HNF1b in the regulation of lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis remains poorly understood. We found that HNF1b expression was decreased in steatotic livers. We injected mice with lentivirus (LV) expressing HNF1b shRNA to generate mice with hepatic knockdown of HNF1b. We also injected high fat (HF) diet-induced obese and db/db diabetic mice with LV expressing HNF1b to overexpress HNF1b. Knockdown of HNF1b increased hepatic lipid contents and induced insulin resistance in mice and in hepatocytes. Knockdown of HNF1b worsened HF diet-induced increases in hepatic lipid contents, liver injury and insulin resistance in mice and PA-induced lipid accumulation and impaired insulin signaling in hepatocytes. Moreover, overexpression of HNF1b alleviated HF diet-induced increases in hepatic lipid content and insulin resistance in mice. Knockdown of HNF1b increased expression of genes associated with lipogenensis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. DPP4 and NOX1 expression was increased by knockdown of HNF1b and HNF1b directly bound with the promoters of DPP4 and NOX1. Overexpression of DPP4 or NOX1 was associated with an increase in lipid droplets in hepatocytes and decreased expression of DPP4 or NOX1 suppressed the effects of knockdown of HNF1b knockdown on triglyceride (TG) formation and insulin signaling. Knockdown of HNF1b increased superoxide level and decreased glutathione content, which was inhibited by downregulation of DPP4 and NOX1. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) suppressed HNF1b knockdown-induced ER stress, TG formation and insulin resistance. Palmitic acid (PA) decreased HNF1b expression which was inhibited by NAC. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that HNF1b plays an essential role in controlling hepatic TG homeostasis and insulin sensitivity by regulating DPP4/NOX1mediated generation of superoxide.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2yBhGb7
Foreign Body Aspiration in Northern Ghana: A Review of Pediatric Patients
Background. Foreign body (FB) aspiration requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis and prompt management to avoid morbidity and mortality. This retrospective study was conducted to review pediatric foreign body aspiration at the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Unit of the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH). Materials and Methods. The theater records of children managed for foreign body aspiration from January 2010 to December 2016 at the ENT Unit of TTH were retrieved and data summarized with respect to age, gender, indications for bronchoscopy, nature of foreign body, location of foreign body, and outcome of the bronchoscopy procedure. Results. A total of 33 children were managed within the five-year study period and comprised 16 (48.5%) males and 17 (51.5%) females. The commonly aspirated FBs were groundnuts (13, 39.4%) and metallic objects (7, 21.1%). The peak incidence occurred in children aged ≤ 3 years. The foreign bodies (FBs) were commonly localized to the right (24.2%) and left (24.2%) main bronchi, respectively. One patient had emergency tracheostomy for failed bronchoscopy. Conclusion. Groundnuts were the most commonly aspirated foreign body with most of the FBs localized in the bronchi.
http://ift.tt/2xQganT
Foreign Body Aspiration in Northern Ghana: A Review of Pediatric Patients
Background. Foreign body (FB) aspiration requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis and prompt management to avoid morbidity and mortality. This retrospective study was conducted to review pediatric foreign body aspiration at the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Unit of the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH). Materials and Methods. The theater records of children managed for foreign body aspiration from January 2010 to December 2016 at the ENT Unit of TTH were retrieved and data summarized with respect to age, gender, indications for bronchoscopy, nature of foreign body, location of foreign body, and outcome of the bronchoscopy procedure. Results. A total of 33 children were managed within the five-year study period and comprised 16 (48.5%) males and 17 (51.5%) females. The commonly aspirated FBs were groundnuts (13, 39.4%) and metallic objects (7, 21.1%). The peak incidence occurred in children aged ≤ 3 years. The foreign bodies (FBs) were commonly localized to the right (24.2%) and left (24.2%) main bronchi, respectively. One patient had emergency tracheostomy for failed bronchoscopy. Conclusion. Groundnuts were the most commonly aspirated foreign body with most of the FBs localized in the bronchi.
http://ift.tt/2xQganT
Late Onset Streptococcus agalactiae Meningitis following Early Onset Septicemia: A Preventable Disease?
We report a neonate who presented with early onset Streptococcus agalactiae or group B streptococcus (GBS) septicemia within 24 hours of birth. After discharge at day 14, she went on to develop late onset GBS meningitis at 36 days of age. The infant was treated with intravenous antibiotics on both occasions and eventually discharged home with no apparent sequelae. We address issues associated with GBS infection in infancy including the demographics, risk factors, and the risk of late onset GBS meningitis following an early onset GBS infection. The major source of GBS in early onset GBS disease is maternal birth canal GBS colonization. On the other hand, nosocomial cross-infection is an important source of GBS in late onset disease. Penicillin remains the current treatment of choice for GBS infection. Given the rapid onset and progression within hours of birth and lack of an effective solution for preventing late onset GBS, administration of an effective GBS vaccine in pregnancy could provide a sensible and cost-effective solution in all settings.
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A novel PAX9 mutation causing oligodontia
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 84
Author(s): Eiman Mohammed Daw, Christian Saliba, Godfrey Grech, Simon Camilleri
IntroductionAn extended family presenting with several members affected by developmentally missing teeth was investigated by analysis of the MSX1 and PAX9 genes.Materials and methodsSaliva samples were collected and DNA extracted. Primers were designed to span the exons and intron-exon junctions of the MSX1 and PAX9 genes. These primers were optimised using gradient Polymerase Chain Reaction. The amplified fragments were sent for Sanger sequencingResultsa novel heterozygote missense mutation in exon 3 of PAX9 (c.296G > C, p.A99P), was found in two severely affected members of the family as well as a potentially pathogenic heterozygote variant (c.119C > G, p.A40G) in exon 1 of the MSX1 gene.ConclusionThe PAX9 A99P mutation is in the DNA binding domain and is predicted to be pathogenic.
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Swallowing disorders and 1-year functional decline in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of swallowing disorders on functional decline in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care. This was a 1-year follow-up survey of 176 individuals ≥60 years living at home and receiving homecare services, without total dependence in basic daily living activities, in two mid-sized municipalities in Fukuoka, Japan. Functional decline was measured using the Barthel index (BI), and the primary outcome was total dependence in basic daily living activities (BI <20 points). Swallowing function was assessed using cervical auscultation, and the primary predictor was swallowing disorders. Logistic regression models were used to assess univariate and multivariate associations between baseline swallowing function and functional decline during follow-up. During follow-up 16 (9.1%) the participants became totally dependent in basic daily living activities. The participants with swallowing disorders had 6.41 times higher odds of total dependence in basic daily living activities compared to participants with normal swallowing function. After adjusting for potential confounders, swallowing disorders were significantly associated with higher odds of total dependence in basic daily living activities (odds ratio = 5.21, 95% confidence interval = 1.33–20.44). Regarding swallowing disorders, the corresponding population attributable fraction (%) of the incidence of total dependence in basic daily living activities was 50.4%. The current findings demonstrated that swallowing disorders were associated with greater risk of functional decline in basic daily living activities among older adults living at home and receiving home nursing care. Maintenance and improvement of swallowing function may prevent late-life functional decline.
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A 5-year longitudinal study of association of maximum bite force with development of frailty in community-dwelling older adults
Abstract
Objectives
To determine whether maximum bite force (MBF), an objective measure of oral function, is associated with development of frailty in community-dwelling older adults.
Methods
This prospective cohort study included community-dwelling Japanese adults aged 75 years at baseline (n = 322). Baseline MBF was measured using an electronic recording device (Occlusal Force-Meter GM10). Follow-up examinations, including physical fitness and anthropometric evaluation and structured questionnaires, were administered annually over a 5-year period to determine the incidence of frailty, which was defined by the presence of three or more of the following five components derived from the Cardiovascular Health Study: low level of mobility, low physical activity level, weakness, shrinking, and poor endurance and energy. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of incidence of frailty according to sex-stratified tertiles of baseline MBF were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.
Results
During the follow-up, 49 participants (15.2%) developed frailty. Participants in the lower tertile of MBF exhibited a significantly greater risk of frailty than those in the upper tertile. After adjustment for sex, depression, diabetes, and Eichner index, the adjusted HRs for frailty in the upper through lower tertiles of MBF were 1.00 (reference), 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50–3.20), and 2.78 (95% CI, 1.15–6.72), respectively (P for trend = 0.01).
Conclusions
Poor oral function, as indicated by low MBF, increases the risk of development of frailty among elderly men and women.
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Patient Satisfaction with Occlusal Scheme ofConventional Complete Dentures: A Randomized Clinical Trial (Part I)
Abstract
Bachground
Occlusal scheme can affect denture retention, stability, occlusal force distribution, esthetics, masticatory function, patient comfort, and general patient satisfaction with dentures.
Objectives
This study aimed to compare the patient satisfaction with three types of complete denture occlusion including fully bilateral balanced occlusion (FBBO), newly presented buccalized occlusion (BO), and lingualized occlusion (LO).
Methods
In this parallel randomized clinical trial, new conventional complete dentures (CCDs) were fabricated for 86volunteers. Participants were randomly allocated to three groups with three different occlusal schemes. All patients were recalled at one and thre emonths after delivery for data collection. The 19-item version of Oral Health Impact Profile for Edentulous Patients (OHIP-EDENT) questionnaire was used in this study.The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for assessment of the prosthodontist's attitude towards denture quality, patient's attitude towards different occlusal schemes and evaluation of patient satisfaction. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, the Kruskal Wallis test and the post-hoc Dunn test via SPSS version 18.0 (P≤0.05).
Results
Eighty-sixpatients completed the study and their data were analyzed (mean age ± standard deviation=57.78 ± 9.98 years). The only significant difference when comparing the three groups was physical pain, which was significantly higher in FBBO group. No significant differences were found for the VAS scores of patient and prosthodontist satisfaction or the domain scores among the three occlusal schemes either at one or at three months post-delivery. The VAS score of patient satisfaction and prosthodontist satisfaction increased at three months compared to one month after delivery.
Conclusion
The results of this randomized clinical trial provided evidence that BO is as effective as LO for the fabrication of complete dentures.
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TMJ Online: Investigating Temporomandibular Disorders as “TMJ” on YouTube
Abstract
Aim
As the understanding of temporomandibular disorders' (TMDs) etiologies and treatments develops from non-evidence-based to evidence-based approaches, the availability of sound information will likewise grow and need to be disseminated. The purpose of this study is to describe the content most commonly viewed in YouTube videos related to TMDs or "TMJ" and see if videos from different sources have different content
Methods
Video information was gathered by searching YouTube for the term "TMJ" and data was recorded related to descriptive information as well as content. Statistical analyses included Kruskal-Wallis H Test, Spearman's Rho, and univariate logistic regression
Results
The sources of upload were Consumer (n=62), Professional (n=29), and News (n=9). There were almost no statistically significant differences in content distribution among video sources. Videos garnered a total of 4,749,360 views, with an overall median of 7,014.5 views. About two thirds of the videos (68/100) explained what "TMJ" is, with a surprising third of Professional videos (9/29) not covering the subject. Roughly half of the videos mentioned at least one reason "TMJ" occurs (55/100) and seven in ten mentioned some kind of treatment (70/100). Video names mentioned a cure or treatment in 64 cases, while the other 36 referred to TMJ anatomy or "TMJ" etiology
Conclusion and Significance
Future research should focus on ways to popularize professional videos with reliable information for those who are searching on YouTube for advice related to "TMJ."
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Diagnostic Challenges of Antrochoanal Polyps: A Review of Sixty One Cases
Abstract
Antrochoanal polyps (ACP) are benign, large, inflammatory polyps which originate from within the maxillary sinus and extend through the natural or accessory ostia, into the nasal cavity, with extension into the choana. They are relatively uncommon, accounting for just 3 – 6% of all nasal polyps, although they are much more frequently encountered in children, affecting upto 35% of the paediatric population 1. Even among adults, they usually present at a younger age, as compared with usual nasal polyps with a mean age at diagnosis of 27 and 50 years respectively 2.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Diagnostic Challenges of Antrochoanal Polyps: A Review of Sixty One Cases
Abstract
Antrochoanal polyps (ACP) are benign, large, inflammatory polyps which originate from within the maxillary sinus and extend through the natural or accessory ostia, into the nasal cavity, with extension into the choana. They are relatively uncommon, accounting for just 3 – 6% of all nasal polyps, although they are much more frequently encountered in children, affecting upto 35% of the paediatric population 1. Even among adults, they usually present at a younger age, as compared with usual nasal polyps with a mean age at diagnosis of 27 and 50 years respectively 2.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Comparative effects of schisandrin A, B, and C on Propionibacterium acnes-induced, NLRP3 inflammasome activation-mediated IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis
Publication date: December 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 96
Author(s): Miaomiao Guo, Faliang An, Haiyuan Yu, Xing Wei, Minhua Hong, Yanhua Lu
Propionibacterium acnes, a common pathogen associated with acne, is also responsible for various surgical infections. Schisandrin A, schisandrin B and schisandrin C, the representative lignans of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. extract, inhibit P. acnes-induced inflammation. However, their effects on P. acnes-induced IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome activation remain unknown. In this study, we compared the effects of schisandrin A, B, and C (Sch A, B, and C) on IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis in P. acnes-infected THP-1 cells. As NLRP3 plays important roles in P. acnes-mediated inflammation and pyroptosis, we also investigated the effects of Schs on P. acnes-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by measuring the levels of NLRP3, active caspase-1, and mature IL-1β, and activity of caspase-1. Our results showed that Sch A, B, and C suppressed P. acnes-induced pyroptosis. Further, the three lignans significantly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, with the following potency: Sch C > Sch B > Sch A. Three lignans also inhibited the production of mitochondrial ROS and ATP release. Additionally, Sch B and C almost completely prevented the efflux of K+., whereas Sch A had a relatively weak effect. Collectively, our novel findings showed that Sch A, B, and C effectively suppressed IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in P. acnes-infected THP-1 cells. Thus, Schs may be promising agents for the treatment of P. acnes-related infections.
http://ift.tt/2g1nyDq
Paeoniflorin ameliorates Adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome through the PPARγ/ANGPTL4 pathway in vivo and vitro
Publication date: December 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 96
Author(s): Ruirui Lu, Jie Zhou, Bihao Liu, Ning Liang, Yu He, Lixia Bai, Peichun Zhang, Yanchun Zhong, Yuan Zhou, Jiuyao Zhou
Paeoniflorin (PF), an effective composition that is extracted from Radix Paeoniae Alba, plays a role in protecting against various kidney diseases. However, the mechanism of PF on nephrotic syndrome (NS) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of PF on Adriamycin (ADR)-induced NS in vivo and vitro as well as its potential mechanism. In animal study, PF significantly decreased the levels of 24-h urine protein, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, total cholesterol and triglycerides in NS rats, but increased the total protein and albumin levels. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining revealed that the kidney lesion was resolved upon PF treatment. After treatment with PF, the morphology and number of podocytes in renal tissue were restored to normal. PF increased expression of synaptopodin and decreased expression of desmin, demonstrating a protective effect in podocyte injury. Further studies revealed that PF upregulated Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and restrained Angiopointin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in kidney tissue. In vitro study, PF reduced Caspase3 and Bax and increased Bcl-2, indicating that the apoptosis rate of podocytes induced by ADR was reduced by PF. Furthermore, PF ameliorated podocyte injury by upregulating synaptopodin and reducing desmin. In accordance with animal study, PF downregulated ANGPTL4 by activating PPARγ. However, the therapeutic effects of PF were reversed by GW9662 (PPARγ inhibitor), likely by suppressing ANGPTL4 degradation. In general, these results demonstrate that PF has a good therapeutic effect on NS by activating PPARγ and subsequently inhibiting ANGPTL4.
Graphical abstract
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Lianqinjiedu decoction attenuates LPS-induced inflammation and acute lung injury in rats via TLR4/NF-κB pathway
Publication date: December 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 96
Author(s): Guiming Deng, Hai He, Zheng Chen, Linqi OuYang, Xiaoqin Xiao, Jinwen Ge, Biao Xiang, Sichen Jiang, Shaowu Cheng
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. LianQinJieDu (LQJD), which is a traditional Chinese medicine, has been clinically used for antiviral drug. The present study investigated whether Lianqinjiedu(LQJD) ameliorates lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury in rats and aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of LQJD. Rat model with ALI induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS was treated by oral administration of LQJD. The recruitment of body temperature and the histopathology of lung tissue from all groups were evaluated to grade the severity of the inflammation. The inflammatory cytokine levels, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were examined by ELISA assay, and the TLR4 and NF-κBp65 expression levels were evaluated by Real time-PCR and western blotting. It was observed that LQJD reduced the LPS-induced body temperature, inflammatory cytokines level, and lung injuries, and blocked the activation of TLR4/NF-κBp65 signaling in lung tissue. This study demonstrates that LQJD has a protective effect on LPS-induced inflammatory rats through the signaling pathway of TLR4 and NF-κBp65.
http://ift.tt/2yi0XNC
Binding of triazole-linked galactosyl arylsulfonamides to galectin-3 affects Trypanosoma cruzi cell invasion
Publication date: Available online 30 September 2017
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Marcelo Fiori Marchiori, Thalita B. Riul, Leandro Oliveira Bortot, Peterson Andrade, Getúlio G. Junqueira, Giuseppina Foca, Nunzianna Doti, Menotti Ruvo, Marcelo Dias-Baruffi, Ivone Carvalho, Vanessa Leiria Campo
The synthesis of the O-3 triazole-linked galactosyl arylsulfonamides 1-7 as potential inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi cell invasion is described. These target compounds were synthesized by Cu(I)-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction ('click chemistry') between different azide arylsulfonamides and the alkyne-based sugar 3-O-propynyl-βGalOMe. Inhibition assays of T. cruzi cell invasion with compounds 1-7 showed reduced values of infection index (∼20) for compounds 3 and 5, bearing the corresponding 5-methylisoxazole and 2,4-dimethoxypyrimidine groups, which also presented higher binding affinities to galectin-3 (EC50 17-18 μM) in Corning Epic label-free assays. In agreement with experimental results, the assessment of the theoretical binding of compounds 1-7 to galectin-3 by MM/PBSA method displayed higher affinities for compounds 3 (-9.7 Kcal/ mol) and 5 (-11.1 Kcal/ mol). Overall, these achievements highlight compounds 3 and 5 as potential T. cruzi cell invasion blockers by means of a galectin-3 binding-related mechanism, revealing galectin-3 as an important host target for design of novel anti-trypanosomal agents.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2yPoXEW
Phosphamide-Containing Diphenylpyrimidine Analogues (PA-DPPYs) as Potent Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) Inhibitors with Enhanced Activity against Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines
Publication date: Available online 30 September 2017
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): He Liu, Bin Wu, Yang Ge, Jiaxin Xu, Shijie Song, Changyuan Wang, Jihong Yao, Kexin Liu, Yanxia Li, Xiuli Sun, Xiaodong Ma
A family of phosphamide-containing diphenylpyrimidine analogues (PA-DPPYs) were synthesized as potent focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitors. The PA-DPPY derivatives could significantly inhibit the FAK enzymatic activity within concentrations of lower than 10.69 nM. Among them, compounds 7a and 7e were two of the most active FAK inhibitors, possessing IC50 values of 4.25 nM and 4.65 nM, respectively. In particular, compound 7e also displayed strong activity against AsPC cell line, with an IC50 of 1.66 μM, but show low activity against the normal HPDE6-C7 cells (IC50 > 20 μM), indicating its low cell cytoxicity. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis showed that after treatment of 7e (8 μM, 72 h), both AsPC and Panc cells were almost totally inhibited, with a cell viability rate of 16.8% and 18.1%, respectively. Overall, compound 7e may be served as a valuable FAK inhibitor for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Graphical abstract
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Peptides for optical medical imaging and steps towards therapy
Publication date: Available online 30 September 2017
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Matteo Staderini, Alicia Megia-Fernandez, Kevin Dhaliwal, Mark Bradley
Optical medical imaging is a rapidly growing area of research and development that offers a multitude of healthcare solutions both diagnostically and therapeutically. In this review some of the most recently described peptide-based optical probes are reviewed with a special emphasis on their in vivo use and potential application in a clinical setting.
Graphical abstract
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Teixobactin as a scaffold for unlimited new antimicrobial peptides: SAR study
Publication date: Available online 30 September 2017
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Shimaa A. H. Abdel Monaim, Yahya E. Jad, Ayman El-Faham, Beatriz G. de la Torre, Fernando Albericio
It looks that a new era of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) started with the discovery of teixobactin, which is a "head to side-chain" cyclodepsipeptide. It was isolated from a soil gram-negative b-proteobacteria by means of a revolutionary technique. Since there, several groups have developed synthetic strategies for efficient synthesis of this peptide and its analogues as well. Herein, all chemistries reported as well as the biological activity of the analogues are analyzed. Finally, some inputs regarding new trends for the next generation of analogues are discussed.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2yPy3S2
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