Σφακιανάκης Αλέξανδρος
ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος
Αναπαύσεως 5 Άγιος Νικόλαος
Κρήτη 72100
00302841026182
00306932607174
alsfakia@gmail.com

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Τετάρτη 1 Αυγούστου 2018

Le syndrome « ichtyose-prématurité » : deux nouveaux cas

Publication date: Available online 1 August 2018

Source: Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie

Author(s): M. Severino-Freire, A.-C. Bing Lecointe, E. Bourrat, M. Pichery, N. Jonca, C. Chiaverini, J. Mazereeuw-Hautier

Résumé
Introduction

Le « syndrome ichtyose-prématurité » est très rare ; il appartient au groupe des ichtyoses syndromiques. Il est dû à des mutations du gène FATP4, lequel joue un rôle clé dans le transport et l'activation des acides gras de l'épiderme et dans la fonction barrière cutanée. Malgré une présentation clinique stéréotypée en période néonatale, l'affection est peu connue des cliniciens. Nous en rapportons deux nouveaux cas.

Observations

Cas no 1 : il s'agissait d'un enfant de sexe masculin, d'origine française, né de parents non apparentés à 33 semaines de gestation. À la naissance, l'enfant présentait une détresse respiratoire prise en charge en réanimation néonatale. Sur le plan cutané, on notait un aspect de vernix caseosa épais atteignant principalement le cuir chevelu, les sourcils et les quatre membres. L'évolution était favorable, avec un examen cutané normal à 4 ans. Cas no 2 : il s'agissait d'un enfant de sexe masculin, d'origine marocaine, né de parents apparentés à 34 semaines de gestation. À la naissance, il présentait une détresse respiratoire aiguë prise en charge en réanimation néonatale. À l'examen clinique, il avait un aspect épaissi de la peau mimant un vernix caseosa, blanchâtre, localisé principalement sur le cuir chevelu, le front, les quatre membres et l'abdomen. L'évolution était favorable, avec un examen cutané normal à 2 ans.

Conclusion

Nos deux patients illustrent la présentation clinique caractéristique de ce syndrome, qui mérite d'être connu des cliniciens pédiatres et dermatologues afin de poser le diagnostic, de réaliser un conseil génétique et de prévoir une prise en charge adaptée de la période périnatale en cas de future grossesse.

Summary
Background

Ichthyosis prematurity syndrome is a rare syndromic form of ichthyosis caused by mutations in FATP4, which plays a central role in the transport and activation of fatty acids in the epidermis and in epidermal barrier function. Despite stereotypical clinical presentation in the neonatal period, the diagnosis is not well known by clinicians. Herein we report two new cases.

Patients and methods

Case no. 1: a boy born prematurely (33 weeks of gestation) to non-consanguineous French parents presented at birth with respiratory distress necessitating admission to intensive care. His skin was covered by a thick caseous vernix, especially on the scalp, eyebrows and 4 limbs. At the age of 4 years, the boy's skin appeared normal. Case no. 2: a boy born prematurely to consanguineous Moroccan parents (34 weeks of gestation) presented at birth with respiratory distress requiring admission to intensive care. At clinical examination, he had a whitish thick skin giving an impression of vernix caseosa, with involvement of the scalp, forehead, 4 limbs and abdomen. At the age of 2 years, his skin was normal.

Conclusion

The clinical presentation of this syndrome is typical. It is important to make the diagnosis to enable genetic counseling and planning of adequate neonatal care in the event of future pregnancies.



https://ift.tt/2v932Z2

Molecular mechanisms of autophagic memory in pathogenic T cells in human arthritis

Publication date: Available online 1 August 2018

Source: Journal of Autoimmunity

Author(s): Pavanish Kumar, Leong Jing Yao, Suzan Saidin, Bhairav Paleja, Jorg van Loosdregt, Camillus Chua, Thaschawee Arkachaisri, Alessandro Consolaro, Marco Gattorno, Alberto Martini, Ken D. Pischel, Gary W. Williams, Martin Lotz, Salvatore Albani

Abstract

T-cell resilience is critical to the immune pathogenesis of human autoimmune arthritis. Autophagy is essential for memory T cell generation and associated with pathogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our aim here was to delineate the role and molecular mechanism of autophagy in resilience and persistence of pathogenic T cells from autoimmune arthritis.

We demonstrated "Autophagic memory" as elevated autophagy levels in CD4+ memory T cells compared to CD4+ naive T cells and in Jurkat Human T cell line trained with starvation stress. We then showed increased levels of autophagy in pathogenic CD4+ T cells subsets from autoimmune arthritis patients. Using RNA-sequencing, transcription factor gene regulatory network and methylation analyses we identified MYC as a key regulator of autophagic memory. We validated MYC levels using qPCR and further demonstrated that inhibiting MYC increased autophagy. The present study proposes the novel concept of autophagic memory and suggests that autophagic memory confers metabolic advantage to pathogenic T cells from arthritis and supports its resilience and long term survival. Particularly, suppression of MYC imparted the heightened autophagy levels in pathogenic T cells. These studies have a direct translational valency as they identify autophagy and its metabolic controllers as a novel therapeutic target.



https://ift.tt/2vrQ9cc

Preferential interaction of MHC class I with TAPBPR in the absence of glycosylation

Publication date: Available online 1 August 2018

Source: Molecular Immunology

Author(s): Andreas Neerincx, Louise H. Boyle

Abstract

We recently discovered that TAPBPR promotes reglucosylation of the N-linked glycan on MHC class I molecules, a modification that restores their recognition by calreticulin and reincorporation into the peptide-loading complex. We wondered whether TAPBPR displayed some degree of glycan specificity, as is known to be the case for tapasin via its interaction with calreticulin & ERp57, or whether its interaction with MHC class I was glycan independent. Here, we explored this by comparing the ability of TAPBPR to bind to MHC class I containing either an intact or disrupted NxS/T glycosylation consensus sequence. In contrast to tapasin, TAPBPR bound strongly to MHC class I molecules that lacked N-linked glycosylation, suggesting that the TAPBPR:MHC class I interaction is glycan independent. Furthermore, we found that glycosylated HLA-A2 preferentially interacts with tapasin rather than TAPBPR, possibly explaining, in part, why MHC class I molecules bind efficiently to tapasin in the face of an alternative chaperone. The distinction in glycan specificity between the two peptide editors suggests that TAPBPR may bind to MHC class I molecules that are associated with a broader diversity of oligosaccharides attached compared with tapasin. This may explain, to some extent, the ability of TAPBPR to interact with MHC class I molecules outside of the ER.

Graphical abstract

Graphical abstract for this article



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Subcortical brain iron deposition and cognitive performance in older women with or without breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: A pilot MRI study

Publication date: Available online 2 August 2018

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): Bihong T. Chen, Kiarash Ghassaban, Taihao Jin, Sunita K. Patel, Ningrong Ye, Can-Lan Sun, Heeyoung Kim, Russell C. Rockne, E. Mark Haacke, James C. Root, Andrew J. Saykin, Tim A. Ahles, Andrei I. Holodny, Neal Prakash, Joanne Mortimer, James Waisman, Yuan Yuan, George Somlo, Daneng Li, Richard Yang

Abstract

As the number of older adults in the U.S. increases, so too will the incidence of cancer and cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). However, the exact underlying biological mechanism for CRCI is not yet well understood. We utilized susceptibility-weighted imaging with quantitative susceptibility mapping, a non-invasive MRI-based technique, to assess longitudinal iron deposition in subcortical gray matter structures and evaluate its association with cognitive performance in women age 60+ with breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and age-matched women without breast cancer as controls. Brain MRI scans and neurocognitive scores from the NIH Toolbox for Cognition were obtained before chemotherapy (time point 1) and within one month after the last infusion of chemotherapy for the patients and at matched intervals for the controls (time point 2). There were 14 patients age 60+ with breast cancer (mean age 66.3 ± 5.3 years) and 13 controls (mean age 68.2 ± 6.1 years) included in this study. Brain iron increased as age increased. There were no significant between- or within- group differences in neurocognitive scores or iron deposition at time point 1 or between time points 1 and 2 (p > 0.01). However, there was a negative correlation between iron in the globus pallidus and the fluid cognition composite scores in the control group at time point 1 (r = −0.71; p < 0.01), but not in the chemotherapy group. Baseline iron in the putamen was negatively associated with changes in the oral reading recognition scores in the control group (r = 0.74, p < 0.01), but not in the chemotherapy group. Brain iron assessment did not indicate cancer or chemotherapy related short-term differences, yet some associations with cognition were observed. Studies with larger samples and longer follow-up intervals are warranted.



https://ift.tt/2LPZDrZ

Magnetic nanotechnological devices as efficient tools to improve the quality of water: analysis on a real case

Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), based on iron oxide (magnetite) and ferrogel of gelatin and MNPs, were employed as efficient tools for the removal of heavy metals and nutrients from water samples from Bahia Blanca estuarine (BBE). An exhaustive adsorption performance of Cu, NO3, and NO2 was conducted in batch using model solutions aiming to adjust the adsorption conditions. Adsorption studies using water simulating the real samples were also performed. Both kinds of nanomaterials demonstrated an efficiency between 60 and 80%, and 85% for the removal of heavy metals and NO3 and NO2, respectively. Similar adsorption assays were performed using BBE water samples, employing the experimental conditions explored with model and simulated water. The reached efficiency was 30 and 45% for heavy metal and nutrient removal, respectively, using nanoparticles; meanwhile, ferrogels displayed a removal capacity around 50–60%. The nanoparticles showed structural instability by the leaching of iron to the medium after the adsorption processes. Ferrogels remained almost inalterable in terms of their integrity during the adsorption time. These materials showed satisfactory perspectives regarding their reuse possibilities. They were used for almost five repeated cycles of adsorption without losing efficiency on the adsorption. The results of this study suggest that MNPs and FGs appear as versatile and promising materials that may be considered as valid alternatives to the actual tools for the remediation of real water samples.



https://ift.tt/2ODEPT8

Phosphate affects adsorption and desorption of oxytetracycline in the seawater-sediment systems

Abstract

The fate and transport of antibiotics in the aquatic environment are usually influenced by the combined effects of environmental factors. In this study, batch-type experiments were conducted to investigate the combined effects of phosphate and salinity on oxytetracycline (OTC) adsorption on, and desorption from, two marine sediments. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted the kinetic data better than pseudo-first-order model. The pseudo-second-order kinetic rate (k2) of OTC increased significantly with increasing phosphate concentrations. Sorption isotherms of OTC can be well described by both the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Compared with the control experiments (without phosphate addition), Freundlich distribution coefficients (KF) after addition of 50 mg L−1 phosphate decreased from 24.9 to 17.9 L kg−1 on sediments collected from Laizhou Bay, and from 52.2 to 31.3 L kg−1 on sediments collected from Bohai Bay, which indicated that phosphate could inhibit adsorption of OTC on marine sediments. Furthermore, phosphate had a stronger inhibitory effect on OTC adsorption at low salinity level than at high salinity level. The effects of phosphate on OTC adsorption can be explained by ion exchange, change of sediment surface charge, and electrostatic repulsion mechanisms. Desorption experiments showed that phosphate can enhance the total desorption percentage of OTC from marine sediments. Overall, the presence of phosphate in marine system may enhance OTC's long-term transport.



https://ift.tt/2Awh9gd

Mathematical simulation to improve municipal solid waste leachate management: a closed landfill case

Abstract

This article presents an example of the application of simulation tools to estimate the post-closure evolution of leachate in a non-hazardous waste landfill. The objective of this work is to predict the behavior of leachate after the closure of the landfill for use as basic information with which to design the leachate management strategy in the following years. The MODUELO 4.0 mathematical landfill simulation software package was used for this purpose. The results of the simulation show that the concentrations in the leachate increase during the post-closure period, from values close to 2200 mg/L of COD and 1500 mg/L of NH4+ at the time of landfill closure to 3200 mg/L of COD and 5300 mg/L of NH4+ 20 years later. This increase is mainly due to the reduction in the flows, from 105 to 17 m3/day on average, since the surface lining was installed. Consequently, pollutant fluxes decrease to values below 100 kg/day in both COD and NH4+ 3 months after closure. This evolution indicates that the management of this leachate will be simpler in the future, especially if it is co-treated with urban wastewater, as its contribution decreases. On the other hand, external water connections to the leachate collectors may cause a relevant increase in the volume of the global landfill effluent. Controlling runoff management and underground infiltrations could lead to important savings in leachate treatment during the aftercare phase.



https://ift.tt/2n59R9y

Management of epistaxis in patients with ventricular assist device: a retrospective review

Patients with a ventricular assist device (VAD) are at risk for epistaxis due to the need for anticoagulation. Additionally, these patients develop acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AvWS) due to these devices....

https://ift.tt/2AyFHoU

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with adalimumab

Introduction: Human leishmaniasis is an infection caused by flagellated protozoa of the genus Leishmania. They are obligate intracellular parasites that selectively infect dendritic cells and macrophages. Development of cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral disease depends on the Leishmania species involved and on the immune response of the host. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) cytokine has been implicated in macrophage activation and tissue granuloma formation, two activities linked to control of intracellular infection caused by Leishmania spp.

https://ift.tt/2vnz9DM

Motivations to use, and to stop use of, tanning beds among sexual-minority men: A qualitative study

Background: Sexual-minority men, defined as gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men, are more likely than heterosexual men to report using tanning beds in the past 12 months. Furthermore, self-reported lifetime prevalence of melanoma is twice as high among sexual minority men compared with heterosexual men. A recent study of 14–35-year-old sexual-minority men in San Diego, California, assessed motivations to, and not to, indoor tan using an online survey methodology. Motivations to indoor tan in that study included appearance reasons, sociocultural pressures, and affect regulation.

https://ift.tt/2LLy3wM

Secukinumab demonstrates high sustained efficacy and a favorable safety profile through five years of treatment in moderate-to-severe psoriasis

Background: Secukinumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that neutralizes IL-17A, has been shown to have significant efficacy in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, demonstrating sustained high levels of efficacy with a favorable safety profile. Here we report secukinumab's long-term sustainability and safety through 5 years of continuous treatment at the approved dose.

https://ift.tt/2vnz5nw

The link between psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and the onset of diabetes

Background: Psoriasis currently affects >125 million people in the world. Approximately, 30% of patients with psoriasis will develop psoriatic arthritis and are also at a higher risk of developing diabetes. The aim of this project was to determine whether patients with psoriasis and diabetes are at a higher risk for developing psoriatic arthritis than those who do not have diabetes.

https://ift.tt/2LK8nRc

6143—Botulinum toxin type A treatment for Raynaud’s phenomenon: Experience and 3-year follow-up

Introduction: Raynaud's phenomenon consists of vasospastic disease of the digital arteries after exposure to cold or stress and may appear in isolation or in the context of a systemic disease. When severe, it causes an important reduction in a patient's quality of life. The available treatments do not always offer good results, making it necessary to look for therapeutic alternatives.

https://ift.tt/2vqqK2z

Pigmented fungiform papillae of the tongue: An incidental finding in a patient with mycosis fungoides

A 28-year-old Hispanic man with a history of stage IA mycosis fungoides presented with "new dark spots on the tongue." He was not taking any medications and had never been prescribed minocycline. He also denied pain, pruritus, and systemic symptoms. His skin disease had been clinically stable for the past five years with home, narrowband UVB phototherapy twice a month. Physical examination of the oral cavity was significant for multiple dark-brown structures on the distal tongue. Dermoscopic evaluation showed several fungiform papillae with pigmented borders in a rose petal pattern.

https://ift.tt/2LLy0B6

7124—Direct immunofluorescence and correlates of systemic disease in adult Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Introduction: IgA vasculitis, formerly called Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), is a systemic vasculitis caused by the deposition of IgA in multiple organ systems, commonly leading to renal, gastrointestinal, and joint manifestations. In adults, renal disease is more severe and occurs more often. The primary objective of this study was to characterize clinical and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) findings with systemic disease in adults with HSP.

https://ift.tt/2vu5RDx

Subungual melanoma: The attitudes, knowledge, and referral patterns of nail technicians

Background: Subungual melanoma (SM) accounts for 2%-10% of all melanomas and cannot be distinguished from benign conditions such as longitudinal melanonychia by inspection alone. Low ten-year survival in SM has been attributed to delayed diagnosis, thus early detection may improve outcomes. Early specialist referral and dermatoscopy is useful for proper diagnosis and care. A mnemonic to educate the lay population on findings concerning for SM was created in 2000, but dissemination to the public has been poor.

https://ift.tt/2LK8jAW

6774—The role of shave biopsy and electrodesiccation in the overall treatment of keratinocyte carcinoma

The mainstay of treatment for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) remains surgical. Surgical literature shows that biopsy of keratinocyte carcinoma may clear tumors. This prospective study sought to determine the role of biopsy by means of the shave technique and electrodesiccation in the clearance of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Biopsies performed on highly probable skin cancers were performed with the use of the shave technique and treated with electrodesiccation. Suspected cancers were shaved in a manner that encompassed the entire lesion.

https://ift.tt/2vu5OaP

Rare presentation of a primary cutaneous well differentiated liposarcoma

A 61-year-old man with a history of malignant melanoma in-situ presented with a 1-year history of a large firm nodule on his back. Physical exam revealed a 3 × 2 cm firm, nontender, mobile nodule on his right back. A punch biopsy was obtained revealing subcuticular adipose tissue with a lobular architecture that contained enlarged, markedly pleomorphic, and hyperchromatic nuclei at the periphery of the fat lobules and was interpreted as a well differentiated liposarcoma. Liposarcomas of the skin are exceedingly rare and represent a diagnosis of exclusion regarding histopathologic mimics, metastases, and direct extensions from deeper tumors.

https://ift.tt/2LHWSJT

6349—Cellular mechanism of compulsive behavior in a mouse model of trichotillomania

Introduction and objectives: Dysfunction of the striatum of the brain is implicated in compulsive behavior such as trichotillomania. Sapap3-mutant (Sapap3−/−) mice lack a post-synaptic scaffolding protein linked to trichotillomania in genetic studies and mice exhibit compulsive grooming leading to severe skin wounds. Yet the cellular basis of this compulsive behavior remains unknown.

https://ift.tt/2vu5MzJ

Ninety-nine percent response rate in 586 radiation treatments for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Background: Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a skin tropic lymphoid neoplasm. Relapse is very common; particularly for advanced disease for which there is no cure despite an array of treatment modalities. Skin directed radiation therapy is effective for CTCL. This retrospective study was undertaken to assess response rates and toxicity in patients who received skin directed radiation therapy.

https://ift.tt/2LOyoyQ

7445—Hospital readmissions for skin disease in the United States

Background: Hospital readmissions represent a potentially preventable form of hospitalization; however, hospital readmissions for dermatologic conditions remain poorly characterized.

https://ift.tt/2vu5Ijt

Telogen effluvium with dysesthesia has lower B12 levels and may respond to B12 supplementation

The pathogenesis of telogen effluvium with dysesthesia (TED) is not well understood and treatment options are limited. We investigated a subtype of telogen effluvium (TE) associated with dysesthesia (TED), which is defined as the presence of TE with severe itch, pain, soreness, burning, or formication in the absence of any inflammatory scalp disorder or medication associated with TE/dysesthesia. A retrospective chart review of 45 patients with telogen effluvium with dysesthesia (TED) and a control group of 45 patients with TE were evaluated for B12 levels.

https://ift.tt/2LLxQK0

Effect of adding a diet with index and low glycemic load for 12 weeks in the treatment of moderate acne: Randomized clinical trial

Background: Acne is a self-limiting disorder of the pilosebaceous unit that is observed mainly in adolescents and young adults. It affects the self-esteem and quality of life of those who suffer from it, mainly because of the scars that it leaves as a sequel in cases of inflammatory acne. As the main reason for dermatologic consultation, it is extremely important to investigate new therapeutic options. Recent studies have suggested that dietary factors, specifically glycemic load, may be involved in the pathogenesis of acne.

https://ift.tt/2vnyPF4

Social media usage relating to dermatology. #dermatology: Its users, popularity, and content on Twitter and Instagram

Background: Information technology advances and the Internet have given rise to radical changes in how medicine is practiced. With Web 2.0, characterized by the change from static web pages to user-generated content and the growth of social media, this may change further still. Presently, 2.34 billion people already use social media. We aimed to understand how social media is currently used with relation to dermatology.

https://ift.tt/2LOyjv2

“Dermohscopy” mapping: Correlating dermoscopic findings with histology in Mohs micrographic surgery

Mapping is an essential step during Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) since it allows tumors seen on histology to be tracked during surgery. Histologic findings are typically correlated to the clinical photo or to the hand-drawn map. Despite the increasing use of dermoscopy as an adjuvant tool to help identify basal cell carcinoma, mapping the dermoscopic findings before MMS has not been described to the author's knowledge. The author describes the "dermohscopy" mapping to better correlate dermoscopic findings with histology in MMS.

https://ift.tt/2vnyKRM

Risk of depression among patients with acne: A population-based cohort study using The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database

Background: Acne has been associated with decreased self-esteem and many reports have suggested a high prevalence of depressive symptoms among these patients. Despite this, the population-level risk of physician-diagnosed major depressive disorder (MDD) among patients with acne is not known.

https://ift.tt/2LOyfLO

1% antraline: Treatment of alopecia areata in children

Introduction: Alopecia areata is a clinical entity with difficult therapeutic management, and in the case of children we have few treatment options. Anthralin or dithranol (1,8-dihydroxyantrone) is a synthetic derivative of anthracene that acts on keratinocytes in the skin and increases its ability to generate free radicals with antiinflammatory effect. It is used topically once a day for psoriasis and alopecia areata. The main benefit is its good tolerance and rare side-effects, which include local irritation and temporary hyperpigmentation of the scalp.

https://ift.tt/2vwjm5w

Properties of sunscreen influence its application

Background: Skin cancer is associated with significant rates of morbidity and mortality, and one preventative measure against skin cancer is the use of sunscreen. A better understanding of which sunscreen attributes are most important to the public, and which may account for their use or disuse, may help health practitioners and public health initiatives to promote the sun protection methods that are most appealing to the public.

https://ift.tt/2LOycj6

Decreased CD4+CD25+CD127dim/− Regulatory T Cells and T Helper 17 Cell Responsiveness to Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients with Daclatasvir Plus Asunaprevir Therapy

Viral Immunology, Ahead of Print.


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Premature Clinical Trial Discontinuation in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

AbstractBackground.Clinical trial completion is critical for new cancer therapies. Premature trial termination or withdrawal is common and impairs progress. We assessed factors of early terminated/withdrawn oncology trials focusing on trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), hypothesizing that the latter may be associated with lower rates of premature discontinuation.Materials and Methods.We reviewed all adult, intervention, oncology trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (November 16, 2011, to April 16, 2015) to identify all terminated/withdrawn trials and reasons for termination. Logistics regression model was used to identify factors associated with early termination/withdrawal. Discontinuation rate was compared in trials with and without ICI.Results.We identified 12,875 trials (35% industry funded, 12% federal funded), of which 8.5% were prematurely terminated (5%) or withdrawn (3.5%); the main reasons were poor accrual (33%) and logistical (24%). ICI trials (n = 350) had a nonsignificant lower rate of termination or withdrawal compared with all other oncology trials (5.4% vs. 8.5%; p = .9) and were less likely to discontinue due to poor accrual (nonsignificant difference: 21% vs. 33%; p = .4). ICI trials were also less likely to discontinue compared with all other oncology drug trials (e.g., chemotherapy, targeted inhibitors, antiangiogenesis, biologics; 5.4% vs. 7.9%, respectively, nonsignificant difference). The 4‐year cumulative incidence of failing to complete for reasons unrelated to toxicity or efficacy was 18% (95% confidence interval 16%–20%). There was no association between annual incidence across different tumor types or accrual goal and rate of trial termination.Conclusion.Poor accrual represents the main cause of early cancer trial termination. Premature termination/withdrawal rate was not significantly lower in ICI compared with other trials. Clinical trial completion remains a high priority and can be influenced by provider and patient factors.Implications for Practice.Clinical trial completion is critical for new cancer therapies. Premature trial termination or withdrawal is common and impairs progress. This study assessed factors of early terminated/withdrawn oncology trials, focusing on trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and found that poor accrual represents the main cause of early cancer trial termination. Premature termination/withdrawal rate was not significantly lower in immune checkpoint inhibitor trials compared to other trials. The discussion herein is focused on measures taken by the National Cancer Institute and other institutions to improve clinical trial accrual and prevent premature clinical trial discontinuation.

https://ift.tt/2v8sZba

Management of epistaxis in patients with ventricular assist device: a retrospective review

Abstract

Background

Patients with a ventricular assist device (VAD) are at risk for epistaxis due to the need for anticoagulation. Additionally, these patients develop acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AvWS) due to these devices. Management is complicated by the risk of thrombosis if anticoagulation is reversed. This study sought to characterize the clinical features and management of epistaxis in this high-risk population.

Methods

Retrospective review of adults with VAD and epistaxis necessitating inpatient consultation with the otolaryngology service were included.

Results

49 patients met inclusion criteria. All patients had a presumed diagnosis of AvWS. An elevated INR (> 2.0) was present in 18 patients (36.7%). Anticoagulation was held in 14 (28.6%) patients, though active correction was not necessary. Multiple encounters were required in 16 (32.7%) patients. Spontaneous epistaxis was associated with multiple encounters (p = 0.02). The use of hemostatic material was associated with a lower likelihood of bleeding recurrence (p = 0.05), whereas cauterization with silver nitrate alone was associated with a higher likelihood of re-intervention (p = 0.05). Surgery or embolization was not required urgently for any patient. Endoscopy under general anesthesia was performed for one patient electively. Mean follow up time was 16.6 months (σ = 6.3). At six months, 18 (36.7%) patients were deceased.

Conclusion

While these patients are at risk for recurrent spontaneous epistaxis, nonsurgical treatment without active correction of INR or AvWS was largely successful. Placement of hemostatic material, as opposed to cautery with silver nitrate, should be considered as a first-line treatment in this group. Multidisciplinary collaboration is critical for successful management.



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Effective environmental management within the context of sustainability and economic development: a special issue from the 13th International Conference on Protection and Restoration of the Environment (PREXIII), July 3–8, 2016, Mykonos island, Greece



https://ift.tt/2OCSw4L

A Novel Surgical Treatment for Posterior Glottic Stenosis Using Thyroid Ala Cartilage – A Case Report and Literature Review

Publication date: Available online 1 August 2018

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Megan M. Gaffey, Ravi Sun, Gresham T. Richter

Abstract

Posterior glottic stenosis (PGS) describes a laryngeal disorder in which worsening degrees of scarring limit abduction of the vocal folds and/or arytenoids. It can be congenital or acquired. Generally, the acquired form is the result of chronic endotracheal tube trauma to the posterior larynx.

Symptoms of acquired PGS usually begin four to eight weeks after extubation, and present as gradually worsening stridor and shortness of breath as the laryngeal obstruction becomes more severe. Without intervention, PGS can cause total obstruction and respiratory failure. The mainstay of treatment for PGS is surgery.

We present a case in which an infant patient with PGS was treated with a posterior cricoid split and insertion of a thyroid ala graft. The graft was bolstered in place with an appropriately-sized endotracheal tube during a six-day period of postoperative intubation. We report this as a novel surgical approach, as a literature review did not uncover that this technique has been previously described. Our patient has had excellent airway and voice outcomes. His swallow outcomes have been difficult to assess, as the patient has shown signs of global delay.



https://ift.tt/2v6sYos

The Effects of Elevated Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 on Mandibular Growth in Rats

Publication date: Available online 1 August 2018

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Yanan Wu, Jinkai Zhang, Fengshan Chen

Abstract
Objective

The aim of this study is to elucidate the local effects of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in on mandibular condylar growth in growing rats.

Design

Growing Sprague–Dawley rats received intra-temporomandibular joint injections of phosphate buffer solution (PBS), adenovirus-mediated green fluorescent protein (Ad-GFP) or adenovirus-mediated fibroblast growth factor 23 (Ad-FGF23), which were marked as groups A, B, and C, respectively. In vitro, we treated rat mandibular cartilage chondrocytes with PBS, Ad-GFP, and Ad-FGF23.

Results

The mandibular condyles in group C grew smaller sizes than those in the other control groups due to significant differences among the experimental and control groups with the value of C-D, Q-R (P ≤ 0.05), accompanied by diminished bone mass of sub-cartilage condyles via micro CT analysis. Histologically, the length of the hypertrophic zone was diminished and was associated with decreasing chondrocyte proliferation in group C. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated significant decreases in the expression of chondrogenesis marker genes, including Type X collagen (Col X) and SRY-type box 9 (Sox 9). Moreover, elevated Ad-FGF23 suppressed chondrocyte proliferation and the expression of the chondrogenic differentiation markers Col X and Sox 9 of in vitro.

Conclusions

Local injection of FGF23 suppressed the development and decreased the bone mass of condyles through the decreasing the formation of condylar cartilage, specifically by regulating condylar cartilage cell viability and chondrogenesis expression.



https://ift.tt/2O5DWBF

Epitope mapping of anti-ALK antibodies in children with anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Publication date: Available online 1 August 2018

Source: Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Fabian Knörr, Simone Weber, Vijay K. Singh, Karen Pulford, Alfred Reiter, Wilhelm Woessmann, Christine Damm-Welk

Abstract

Patients with Nucleophosmin (NPM)-Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) mount ALK autoantibodies. The titer of these autoantibodies inversely correlates with the risk of relapse.

The epitopes recognized by these autoantibodies in NPM-ALK might be associated with different ALK-antibody levels. We used overlapping peptide microarray technology to analyze epitope-binding to NPM-ALK by plasma or serum from 129 ALK-positive ALCL patients and 21 controls. Antibodies present in sera from ALCL patients bound to epitopes mainly in the C-terminal region of the ALK portion of NPM-ALK (amino acid positions 469–496, 561–588, 617–644). Patients with higher ALK antibody titers detected the epitope 561–588 more frequently as well as three further epitopes at the N-terminus of the kinase domain compared to patients with intermediate and low titers.

These results identify new potential target epitopes for immunotherapy in ALK-positive ALCL. The methodology can be adapted for more reproducible analyses of tumor antigen detection.



https://ift.tt/2KjsMaa

Long-term Functional and Aesthetic Evaluation of Using a Single Rhomboid-shaped Fascial Strip for Severe Congenital Unilateral Blepharoptosis

Surgery for congenital blephaloptosis is often performed at about 4-5 years of age. Long-term follow-up is important during facial growth. We performed frontal suspension using a single rhomboid-shaped autogenous fascial strip. We conducted a long-term evaluation of severe congenital unilateral blephaloptosis patients.

https://ift.tt/2vtot6y

Is there a shortening of the urethral plate in Complete penile disassembly used in epispadias repair and What is its impact on the final outcomes?

To assess the importance of shortening of the urethral plate occurred with complete penile disassembly technique in epispadias repair and its impact on cosmetic and functional results (on urinary incontinency).

https://ift.tt/2LL15g0

The hi-tech way to handle the new gen kind in the procedure room



https://ift.tt/2O4djwG

Bactericidal efficacy of three parameters of Nd:YAP laser irradiation against Enterococcus faecalis compared with NaOCl irrigation

Abstract

The success of endodontic treatment depends on the thorough removal of microorganisms from the root canal system. The search for new ways to eliminate the microorganisms is therefore justified. Nd:YAP is a laser that uses yttrium aluminum perovskite, doped with neodymium crystal, as active laser medium. We used the Nd:YAP laser in an in vitro experiment to evaluate the bactericidal effect of three parameters of Nd:YAP laser-activated irrigation on biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis in root canals. The canals of 45 extracted human single-root teeth were prepared on a #35 Mtwo instrument and contaminated with E. faecalis for 14 days. Forty infected single-root teeth were then randomly divided into four groups according to the irrigation agitation protocols as follows: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Nd:YAP laser (180 mJ) + NaOCl, Nd:YAP laser (280 mJ) + NaOCl, and Nd:YAP laser (360 mJ) + NaOCl. The remaining bacteria were counted immediately using the cell count method. Teeth were firstly spilt and one half examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The other half involved examination of bacterial colonization in dentinal tubules using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Nd:YAP laser (280 mJ) + NaOCl and Nd:YAP laser (360 mJ) + NaOCl completely removed the E. faecalis biofilms from the root canal walls and made it the cleanest among the treatment groups. Bacterial reductions in the treatment groups for dentinal tubules are presented in a descending order as follows: Nd:YAP laser (360 mJ) (53.7%), Nd:YAP laser (280 mJ) (51.5%) > Nd:YAP laser (180 mJ) (45.3%) > 5.25% NaOCl (31.9%) > control (19.3%) (p < 0.05). Nd:YAP laser of 280 mJ and 360 mJ showed effective bactericidal effect in removing E. faecalis biofilm from the root canal walls and dentinal tubules.



https://ift.tt/2OB56kP

MicroRNA dysregulation in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland in relation to prognosis and gene fusion status: a cohort study

Abstract

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is among the most frequent malignancies of the salivary gland, and is notorious for its prolonged clinical course characterized by frequent recurrences often years after initial treatment. No molecular marker has been shown to have independent prognostic value in ACC, including characteristic gene fusions involving MYB, MYBL1, and NFIB. MicroRNA has been shown to be associated with clinical outcome in numerous malignancies, including one study of ACC, warranting further validation of this class of markers in this disease. Here, we investigate the prognostic value of microRNA in two ACC cohorts: a training cohort (n = 64) and a validation cohort (n = 120) with microarray and qPCR. In the training cohort, multivariate analysis of microarray data found high expression of hsa-miR-6835-3p to be associated with reduced recurrence-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.016). Measuring the highest ranking microRNAs identified in survival analysis in the same cohort, qPCR identified high expression of hsa-miR-4676 to be associated with reduced overall survival (OS) and high expression of hsa-mir-1180 to be associated with improved RFS. This was not confirmed in the validation cohort, in which qPCR identified high expression of hsa-mir-21, hsa-mir-181a-2, and hsa-mir-152 to be associated with reduced OS and high expression of hsa-miR-374c to be associated with improved RFS. Interestingly, two distinct subsets of ACC separated in microRNA expression irrespective of gene fusion status, but without significant difference in outcome. Collectively, qPCR identified several microRNAs associated with OS and RFS, and different subsets of ACC separated according to microRNA expression, suggestive of ACC being a heterogeneous group of malignancies in its microRNA profile.



https://ift.tt/2AyX6ho

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on free and total vitamin D: a comparison of Asians vs Caucasians

Clinical Endocrinology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


https://ift.tt/2v9WJ7F

Use of administrative health databases to estimate incidence and prevalence of acromegaly in Piedmont Region, Italy

Abstract

Purpose

Recent studies from national registries have described changing patterns in epidemiology of acromegaly. Our retrospective study used administrative databases to estimate prevalence and incidence of acromegaly in the Piedmont Region, Italy.

Methods

This study was conducted in Piedmont between 2012 and 2016 on administrative health databases for inpatients and outpatients of any age. Enrollees were included if claims suggestive of acromegaly were identified in at least two of the following databases: Drug Claims Registry, Hospital Information System, Co-payment Exemption Registry and Outpatient Specialist Service Information System.

Results

369 individuals (M = 146, F = 223) met our criteria. Overall incidence was 5.3 per million person years (95% CI 4.2–6.7), and prevalence was 83 cases per million inhabitants (95% CI 75–92). Mean age was 50.9 years. Both incidence and prevalence were slightly higher among women (rate ratio 1.08, prevalence ratio 1.43). Age-specific incidence was similar between sexes up to 39 years and diverged thereafter, with an increasing trend recorded among men. Prevalence was higher in women aged 40–79 years, and increased continuously up to 79 years in both sexes.

Conclusions

This is the first population-based study conducted in Italy to estimate incidence and prevalence of acromegaly and results show a higher prevalence than previously reported. Although our algorithm requires proper validation, it constitutes a promising tool to describe the epidemiology of acromegaly.



https://ift.tt/2OBoMFp

A comprehensive review on adult onset Still's disease

Publication date: Available online 1 August 2018

Source: Journal of Autoimmunity

Author(s): Roberto Giacomelli, Piero Ruscitti, Yehuda Shoenfeld

Abstract

Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology usually affecting young adults; spiking fever, arthritis and evanescent rash are commonly observed during the disease. Other frequently observed clinical features include sore throat, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and serositis. Furthermore, AOSD patients may experience different life-threating complications. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) has been reported up to 15% of AOSD patients and it is considered to be the most severe complication of the disease being characterised by high mortality rate. During AOSD, laboratory tests reflect the systemic inflammatory process showing high levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. In addition, the ferritin levels are typically higher than those observed in other autoimmune, inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic diseases. Analysing AOSD disease course, 3 different clinical patterns of AOSD have been identified: i. monocyclic pattern, characterised by a systemic single episode; ii. polycyclic pattern, characterised by multiple, ≤ 1 year lasting, flares, alternating with remissions; iii. chronic pattern, related to a persistently active disease with associated polyarthritis. At present, AOSD therapeutic strategy is aimed at targeting pro-inflammatory signs and symptoms, preventing organ damage and life-threating complications and minimising adverse effects of treatment. However, the treatment of AOSD remains largely empirical, lacking controlled clinical trials. High dosages of corticosteroids are usually the first line therapy when the systemic symptoms predominate. Despite this treatment, a large percentage of patients experiences several flares with an evolution toward the chronic disease course and up to 16% of patients die during the follow up, due to AOSD-related complications. On these bases, in the last years, biological agents have been successfully used in refractory cases. Finally, multiple recent lines of evidence have suggested new insights in AOSD pathogenesis unmasking further therapeutic targets. In fact, small molecules, used in experimental MAS models, might represent new therapeutic options.



https://ift.tt/2v8uSot

Association of Low SES With Hidradenitis Suppurativa

This cohort analysis evaluates the association of low socioeconomic status with hidradenitis suppurativa among patients in the United States.

https://ift.tt/2LSHzNP

Hair Regrowth Outcomes of Contact Immunotherapy for Patients With Alopecia Areata

This systematic review and meta-analysis uses standardized criteria and prognostic factors to examine the clinical hair regrowth outcomes of contact immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone or squaric acid dibutyl ester for patients with alopecia areata.

https://ift.tt/2vlWQwe

An Atypical Figurate Erythema With Seasonal Recurrences

A woman had a large annular erythematous plaque on her back that had centrifugally expanded. She had mild pruritus that had not responded to antihistamine therapy or topical steroids and reported a 20-year history of the plaques recurring every summer and resolving by autumn. What is your diagnosis?

https://ift.tt/2LHsjnv

Comparison of Course and Outcome for Patients With Disseminated or Localized Lyme Borreliosis

This cohort study compares the development and treatment outcome of disease among European patients with Lyme borreliosis manifested as either multiple erythema migrans or as erythema migrans as well as controls without a history of the disease.

https://ift.tt/2vvDlBE

Machine Learning and Health Care Disparities in Dermatology

This viewpoint discusses the limitations of machine learning in diagnostics involving skin of color.

https://ift.tt/2LLoJsz

Association Between Severe Acute Contact Dermatitis Due to N sativa Oil and Epidermal Apoptosis

This case series describes the clinical and histologic features of severe acute contact dermatitis due to Nigella sativa oil and investigates the components responsible for such eruptions.

https://ift.tt/2vvD81k

Rezidivierende frontale Schwellung beim Kind



https://ift.tt/2vpCBhm

Laryngologie, Phoniatrie



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Pseudo-pneumothorax: skin fold is an excellent imitator

Description

A 79-year-old hospitalised woman underwent central venous catheterisation for high-calorie infusion. Chest radiography to check the position of the catheter showed a curvilinear line at the lateral zone of the right lung (figure 1A). We suspected pneumothorax and performed CT of the chest. However, it revealed the absence of pneumothorax; the curvilinear mimicked pneumothorax was revealed to be a skinfold (figure 1B).

Figure 1

(A) Initial chest radiograph showed a curvilinear line at the right lateral zone of the right lung. (B) CT of the chest revealed the absence of pneumothorax.

The lateral margin of the skinfold artefact, caused by compression of flaccid back skin against the film, can be sharply outlined by a lucent line.1 This line is an edge enhancement phenomenon at the margin between objects with different contrast or luminance (Mach band effect).



https://ift.tt/2LLt4fg

Diagnostic dilemma of micropapillary variant of mucinous breast cancer

An elderly woman presented with an enlarging left breast lump. Breast imaging revealed a large suspicious mass associated with cystic components. Core biopsy however was non-diagnostic and only revealed necrotic papillary tissue. The patient then underwent excision of the lesion that revealed a large area of intracystic papillary ductal carcinoma in situ with a focus of micropapillary variant of mucinous cancer. This case describes how this rare subtype could present as necrotic papillary tissue on core biopsy, resulting in a diagnostic dilemma, which had not been previously reported. A literature review of this rare subtype was performed too.



https://ift.tt/2vpgXtv

EGFR inhibitor-induced cut-like skin lesions of the fingers

Cetuximab and osimertinib are epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) inhibitors used in the treatment of several malignancies. These agents have been associated with several skin lesions, the most common being papulopustular acneiform rash involving the face, neck, chest and back. Herein, we describe a unique toxic effect of these agents involving the fingertips and lateral aspects of fingers in a small patient series. The lesions presented approximately 4 weeks into treatment were cut-like and caused local discomfort/pain. Application of a colloidal solution allowed for partial resolution of these lesions in one patient, while discontinuation of the drug led to the disappearance of the lesions in another. Thus, we call for awareness of this unique skin toxicity with the use of EGFR inhibitors in patients with cancer.



https://ift.tt/2LFFRjo

Rare breast metastasis from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the submandibular gland

Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) are rare malignant neoplasms of exocrine glands, most commonly found in salivary glands. This report describes a 67-year-old woman with metastatic ACC to the breast, only the third reported case of its kind. The salivary gland ACC was first diagnosed 5 years prior. Routine mammogram identified a Breast Imaging and Reporting Systems (BIRADS) 4 lesion. Core breast biopsy demonstrated findings consistent with metastatic ACC to the breast. The patient ultimately underwent local excision but suffered a recurrence of disease less than 2 months later despite chemotherapy. She passed away 15 months after excision due to complications associated with a small bowel obstruction and decompensated respiratory status from pulmonary metastases. While metastatic salivary ACC to the breast is rare, it is important to be able to distinguish metastatic salivary ACC to the breast from primary ACC of the breast as the treatment considerations for the two disease processes differ significantly.



https://ift.tt/2O4f8tQ

Cervical spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of essential tremor

A patient with refractory essential tremor of the hands and head/neck refused deep brain stimulation and requested consideration for spinal cord stimulation (SCS). Trial of a cervical SCS system using a basic tonic waveform produced positive outcomes in hand tremor, head-nodding and daily functioning. The patient proceeded to implant and received regular programming sessions. Outcomes were recorded at follow-ups (1, 3, 6, 12, 23 months postimplant) and included patient self-reported changes, clinical observations, handwriting assessments and The Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale scores. Trial of a paraesthesia-free burst waveform programme produced a small improvement in head-nodding, without uncomfortable paraesthesias. With continued programming, the patient reported further improvements to tremor and functionality, with minimal tremor remaining at 12–23 months. No major side effects were reported.



https://ift.tt/2OADmwx

Delayed presentation of bilateral central hip protrusio acetabuli: evidence-based management

This is a case of a previously healthy 51-year-old man who sustained bilateral central hip dislocations following a sudden presentation of epileptic seizures. The patient was initially treated conservatively for a period of 9 months. On presentation, he had gross disability due to stiffness in both hips and left peroneal nerve paresis. Through minimally invasive direct anterior approaches, bilateral total hip arthroplasties were performed using tripolar head articulations. These were cemented into a biologic acetabular buttress constructed out of autologous bone graft. The femoral heads and necks were used as plugs and pressed into the acetabular defects, putting the medial acetabular walls under tension. At 24 months' follow-up, there was a good clinical outcome, and the acetabular walls remodelled bilaterally. In conclusion, in traumatic protrusio acetabuli, a functional, biologic reconstruction of the acetabular wall can be facilitated with the application of distraction osteogenesis (tension-stress) principles while using minimally invasive surgical techniques.



https://ift.tt/2O2XiaB

Metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma presenting as an occipital haemorrhage

We report a case of a 63-year-old woman who was presented to the emergency department with an occipital haemorrhage secondary to a pancreatic cerebral metastasis. Pancreatic cancer is the ninth most common cancer in women in Australia, and distant disease is present in 70% of patients with pancreatic cancer at the time of diagnosis. However, metastases to the brain are rare, accounting for only 0.33%–0.57% cases antemortem. Herein, we discuss the management of this unusual case to highlight the importance of recognising unusual central nervous system involvement of cancers, a problem which may be increasing in prevalence.



https://ift.tt/2LLGvvO

Post-extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy perirenal haematoma

Description

A previously healthy 50-year-old man presented with intermittent left flank pain for 3 months. The patient denied any history of diabetes and hypertension. On evaluation with X-ray Kidney-Ureter-Bladder and ultrasound (USG) of abdomen, he was found to have left upper ureteric calculus (size: 13 mm) with left mild hydronephrosis and normal right kidney. He subsequently underwent uneventful extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) with Dornier compact alpha electromagnetic lithotripter for the calculus. Three thousand shockwaves were delivered to the stone. The procedure was uneventful and the patient was discharged. Twenty-four hours later, the patient presented with severe left flank pain. On clinical examination, he had tachycardia (pulse rate: 100/min), normal blood pressure (138/76 mm Hg) and tenderness in the left flank region. Laboratory examination revealed the following parameters:

Haemoglobin: 10.2 g/dL.

Haematocrit: 30.6%.

Total leucocyte count: 7500 /mm3.

Platelet count: 3.5 lacs /mm3.

Blood urea: 44 mg/dL.

Serum creatinine:...



https://ift.tt/2vpgOWZ

Unusual Monteggia type 1 variant in adult: a rare finding in a rare fracture

Description 

A 56-year-old female patient presented to the orthopaedic outpatient department with alleged history of slip from stairs about 10–12 in number and fall on the outstretched hand about 3 weeks ago. Following the injury, she developed severe pain, swelling abnormal mobility of lower arm and restriction of movement of the right elbow. She also admitted that post trauma, she had received treatment from traditional bone setters which had reduced her pain. On examination of her limb, there was a flexion deformity of right elbow along with extra articlar varus deformity of lower arm  which was mobile with tenderness and bony crepitus at both at arm and the elbow. There was no distal neurovascular deficit.

Radiographs of the right arm and forearm with shoulder, elbow and wrist joints revealed fractures of the lower shaft humerus and proximal ulna (metaphyseal with intra-articular fragment and coronal split from metaphyio-diaphysis junction extending up to half of...



https://ift.tt/2OxdyBL

Introduction to Ear and Temporal Bone Special Issue



https://ift.tt/2mYjLtQ

Effect of Cervical Collar on Intracranial Pressure

Conditions:   Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter;   Ultrasonography
Interventions:   Device: Ambu Perfect ACE;   Device: Philly One-Peace Collar;   Device: Necloc Collar;   Device: NexSplit Plus;   Device: NECKLITE
Sponsors:   Lazarski University;   Wroclaw Medical University;   The Cleveland Clinic
Recruiting

https://ift.tt/2NXGt0D

Transcanal endoscopic infracochlear vestibular neurectomy: A pilot cadaveric study

Publication date: Available online 1 August 2018

Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology

Author(s): Danielle R. Trakimas, Judith Kempfle, Katherine L. Reinshagen, Daniel Lee, Elliott D. Kozin, Aaron K. Remenschneider

Abstract
Purpose

Effective operative approaches for the treatment of refractory vertigo in Meniere's disease are invasive. Vestibular neurectomy can preserve hearing and has been shown to be effective; however, current approaches require an extensive craniotomy. Transcanal endoscopic approaches to the internal auditory canal (IAC) with cochlear preservation have been recently described and may offer a minimally invasive approach to selectively sectioning the distal vestibular nerves while preserving residual hearing.

Materials and methods

Three cadaveric human heads were imaged using high resolution computed tomography (CT). Anatomic analysis of preoperative CT scans showed adequate diameters (>3 mm) of the infracochlear surgical corridor for access to the IAC. A transcanal endoscopic approach was attempted to section the vestibular nerve. Post-operative CT scans were assessed to define the operative tract, determine cochlear preservation and assess cochlear and facial nerve preservation.

Results

Transcanal endoscopic approach was successfully performed (n = 3) using 3 mm-diameter, 14 cm-length 0°, 30°, and 45° endoscopes and microsurgical drills. In all cases the tympanomeatal flap and ossicular chain remained intact. Internal auditory canalotomy was performed using angled instruments and confirmed in real time via lateral skull base navigation. The vestibular nerves were readily identified and sectioned with preservation of the facial and cochlear nerves. Post-procedure CT showed no violation of the cochlea.

Conclusion

A transcanal, infracochlear approach to the IAC may permit a minimally invasive approach to distal vestibular neurectomy in cadavers with appropriate anatomy.



https://ift.tt/2Oywn7v

Effect of Cervical Collar on Intracranial Pressure

Conditions:   Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter;   Ultrasonography
Interventions:   Device: Ambu Perfect ACE;   Device: Philly One-Peace Collar;   Device: Necloc Collar;   Device: NexSplit Plus;   Device: NECKLITE
Sponsors:   Lazarski University;   Wroclaw Medical University;   The Cleveland Clinic
Recruiting

https://ift.tt/2NXGt0D

3-Day monocyte-derived dendritic cells stimulated with a combination of OK432, TLR7/8 ligand, and prostaglandin E 2 are a promising alternative for cancer immunotherapy

Abstract

Numerous trials using dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccinations for the treatment of cancer are being carried out. However, an improvement of the quality of DC used is highly warranted. We here generated human monocyte-derived dendritic cells using a 3 day protocol and stimulated the cells using a combination of OK432 (Picibanil), TLR7/8 ligand CL097, and reduced amounts of prostaglandin (PG)E2. We analyzed phenotype, migratory, and T-cell stimulatory capacity compared to a cytokine cocktail consisting of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, and PGE2. The OK432 cocktail stimulated cells had a similar mature phenotype with upregulated co-stimulatory molecules, HLA-DR and CCR7 as the cytokine cocktail-matured cells and a similar cytokine profile except increased amounts of IL-12p70. Chemotaxis towards CCL19 was reduced compared to the cytokine cocktail, but increased compared to OK432 alone. The T-cell stimulatory capacity was similar to the cytokine cocktail stimulated cells. In conclusion, the OK432 cocktail has the advantage of inducing IL-12p70 production without impairing phenotype or T-cell stimulatory capacity of the cells and might, therefore, be an advantageous alternative to be used in DC-based immunotherapy.



https://ift.tt/2vodUBO

A Third Molar from Rathfarnham, Dublin, and the Patterning Cascade Model

International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


https://ift.tt/2Mb7jC2

Introduction to Ear and Temporal Bone Special Issue



https://ift.tt/2mYjLtQ

Magnetic resonance venographic findings in patients with tuberculous meningitis: Predictors and outcome

Publication date: Available online 1 August 2018

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): Amrit Bansod, Ravindra Kumar Garg, Imran Rizvi, Hardeep Singh Malhotra, Neeraj Kumar, Amita Jain, Rajesh Verma, Neera Kohli, Praveen Kumar Sharma, Ravi Uniyal, Shweta Pandey

Abstract
Background

This study evaluated the prevalence and predictors of venographic abnormalities in tuberculous meningitis.

Material and methods

Consecutive patients of tuberculous meningitis were included in the study. Clinical evaluation, cerebrospinal fluid examination and contrast-enhanced MRI of brain were done. Every subject was subjected to time of flight magnetic resonance venography (MRV). Presence of filling defects at superior sagittal sinus, dominant transverse or sigmoid sinus, and non-visualization of deep venous system was suggestive of thrombosis. The presence of filling defects at non-dominant transverse or sigmoid sinus was considered suggestive of thrombosis only in the presence of corresponding changes in T1, T2, and GRE sequences, parenchymal changes or presence of collaterals. The patients were followed up for 6 months. A modified Barthel index ≤12 at 6 months was taken as poor outcome.

Results

Out of 107 patients, MRV was found to be abnormal in 12 patients (11.2%). The superior sagittal sinus was the most commonly involved sinus. On univariate analysis, the presence of vomiting (P = 0.004), altered sensorium (P = 0.004), seizures (P < 0.001), vision impairment (P = 0.038), papilledema (P < 0.001), diplopia, oculomotor palsies at baseline, and basal exudates (P = 0.004) were significantly associated with an abnormal MRV. On multivariate analysis, none of the above factors were found to be significant. No association was found between poor outcome and abnormal MRV.

Conclusion

MRV abnormalities suggestive of venous sinus thrombosis can occur in about 11% patients. Superior sagittal sinus is the most commonly involved sinus. An abnormal MRV is not associated with a poor outcome.



https://ift.tt/2M8i8Vr

Introduction to Ear and Temporal Bone Special Issue



https://ift.tt/2mYjLtQ

Ability of FDG PET and CT radiomics features to differentiate between primary and metastatic lung lesions

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the ability of CT and PET radiomics features to classify lung lesions as primary or metastatic, and secondly to differentiate histological subtypes of primary lung cancers.

Methods

A cohort of 534 patients with lung lesions were retrospectively studied. Radiomics texture features were extracted using the LIFEx package from semiautomatically segmented PET and CT images. Histology data were recorded in all patients. The patient cohort was divided into a training and a validation group and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was performed to classify the lesions using both direct and backward stepwise methods. The robustness of the procedure was tested by repeating the entire process 100 times with different assignments to the training and validation groups. Scoring metrics included analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curves in terms of area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.

Results

Radiomics features extracted from CT and PET datasets were able to differentiate primary tumours from metastases in both the training and the validation group (AUCs 0.79 ± 0.03 and 0.70 ± 0.04, respectively, from the CT dataset; AUCs 0.92 ± 0.01 and 0.91 ± 0.03, respectively, from the PET dataset). The AUC cut-off thresholds identified by LDA using direct and backward elimination strategies were −0.79 ± 0.06 and −0.81 ± 0.08, respectively (CT dataset) and −0.69 ± 0.05 and −0.68 ± 0.04, respectively (PET dataset). For differentiation between primary subgroups based on CT features, the AUCs in the training and validation groups were 0.81 ± 0.02 and 0.69 ± 0.04 for adenocarcinoma (Adc) vs. squamous cell carcinoma (Sqc) or "Other", 0.85 ± 0.02 and 0.70 ± 0.05 for Sqc vs. Adc or Other, and 0.77 ± 0.03 and 0.57 ± 0.05 for Other vs. Adc or Sqc. The same analyses for the PET data revealed AUCs of 0.90 ± 0.10 and 0.80 ± 0.04, 0.80 ± 0.02 and 0.61 ± 0.06, and 0.97 ± 0.01 and 0.88 ± 0.04, respectively.

Conclusion

PET radiomics features were able to differentiate between primary and metastatic lung lesions and showed the potential to identify primary lung cancer subtypes.



https://ift.tt/2KiWNqt

Prediction and diagnosis of interval metastasis after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal cancer using 18 F-FDG PET/CT

Abstract

Objective

During neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal cancer, or in the interval prior to surgery, some patients develop systemic metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT for the detection of interval metastasis and to identify predictors of interval metastases in a large cohort of oesophageal cancer patients.

Methods

In total, 783 consecutive patients with potentially resectable oesophageal cancer who underwent chemoradiotherapy and pre- and post-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT between 2006 and 2015 were analyzed from a prospectively maintained database. Diagnostic accuracy measures were calculated on a per-patient basis using histological verification or clinical follow-up as a reference standard. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine pre-treatment predictors of interval metastasis. A prediction score was developed to predict the probability of interval metastasis.

Results

Of 783 patients that underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT restaging, 65 (8.3%) were found to have interval metastasis and 44 (5.6%) were deemed to have false positive lesions. The resulting sensitivity and specificity was 74.7% (95% CI: 64.3–83.4%) and 93.7% (95% CI: 91.6–95.4%), respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that tumor length, cN status, squamous cell tumor histology, and baseline SUVmax were associated with interval metastasis. Based on these criteria, a prediction score was developed with an optimism adjusted C-index of 0.67 that demonstrated accurate calibration.

Conclusions

18F-FDG PET/CT restaging detects distant interval metastases in 8.3% of patients after chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal cancer. The provided prediction score may stratify risk of developing interval metastasis, and could be used to prioritize additional restaging modalities for patients most likely to benefit.



https://ift.tt/2LVnIxi

Molecular imaging and molecular diagnostics: two sides of the same coin?



https://ift.tt/2KgXCju

Relationship between functional imaging and immunohistochemical markers and prediction of breast cancer subtype: a PET/MRI study

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine if functional parameters extracted from the hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) correlate with the immunohistochemical markers of breast cancer (BC) lesions, to assess their ability to predict BC subtype.

Methods

This prospective study was approved by the institution's Ethics Committee, and all patients provided written informed consent. A total of 50 BC patients at diagnosis underwent PET/MRI before pharmacological and surgical treatment. For each primary lesion, the following data were extracted: morphological data including tumour-node-metastasis stage and lesion size; apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC); perfusion data including forward volume transfer constant (Ktrans), reverse efflux volume transfer constant (Kep) and extravascular extracellular space volume (Ve); and metabolic data including standardized uptake value (SUV), lean body mass (SUL), metabolic tumour volume and total lesion glycolysis. Immunohistochemical reports were used to determine receptor status (oestrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), cellular differentiation status (grade), and proliferation index (Ki67) of the tumour lesions. Correlation studies (Mann–Whitney U test and Spearman's test), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and multivariate analysis were performed.

Results

Association studies were performed to assess the correlations between imaging and histological prognostic markers of BC. Imaging biomarkers, which significantly correlated with biological markers, were selected to perform ROC curve analysis to determine their ability to discriminate among BC subtypes. SUVmax, SUVmean and SUL were able to discriminate between luminal A and luminal B subtypes (AUCSUVmean = 0.799; AUCSUVmax = 0.833; AUCSUL = 0.813) and between luminal A and nonluminal subtypes (AUCSUVmean = 0.926; AUCSUVmax = 0.917; AUCSUL = 0.945), and the lowest SUV and SUL values were associated with the luminal A subtype. Kepmax was able to discriminate between luminal A and luminal B subtypes (AUC = 0.779), and its highest values were associated with the luminal B subtype. Ktransmax (AUC = 0.881) was able to discriminate between luminal A and nonluminal subtypes, and the highest perfusion values were associated with the nonluminal subtype. In addition, ADC (AUC = 0.877) was able to discriminate between luminal B and nonluminal subtypes, and the lowest ADCmean values were associated with the luminal B subtype. Multivariate analysis was performed to develop a prognostic model, and the best predictive model included Ktransmax and SUVmax parameters.

Conclusion

Using multivariate analysis of both PET and MRI parameters, a prognostic model including Ktransmax and SUVmax was able to predict the tumour subtype in 38 of 49 patients (77.6%, p < 0.001), with higher accuracy for the luminal B subtype (86.2%).



https://ift.tt/2v6JvIL

Challenging pre-surgical localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism: the added value of 18 F-Fluorocholine PET/CT

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the added value of 18F-Fluorocholine (18F-FCH) PET/CT in presurgical imaging of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and challenging localization of the hyper-functioning parathyroid glands.

Methods

We included 27 consecutive patients with primary HPT (19 F; median age: 58 years), with either (i) non-conclusive pre-surgical localization with 99mTc-sestaMIBI scintigraphy and neck ultrasonography (US), (ii) recurrence of previously operated HPT, or (iii) familiar HPT with a suspicion of multiple gland disease. Histological findings and resolution of HPT were considered as the gold standard.

Results

18F-FCH PET/CT was positive in 24/27 patients. Twenty-one patients underwent surgery with 27 resected lesions (14 adenomas, 11 hyperplastic glands, two hyper-functioning histologically normal glands), with resolution of HPT in 19/21 patients (90%). 18F-FCH PET/CT localized 22 lesions in 17/21 patients (per patient: sensitivity 81%, positive predictive value (PPV) 94%; per gland: sensitivity 76%, PPV 85%, specificity 91%, negative predictive value (NPV) 86%). 18F-FCH PET/CT found eight lesions which were undetectable on both 99mTc-sestaMIBI scintigraphy and US. In patients with a familial HPT and/or a multiple gland disease, sensitivity was 100 and 79% on a per-patient and a per-gland analysis respectively, while NPV was 63%. In six patients with a persistence or recurrence of previously treated HPT, 18F-FCH PET/CT localized all lesions, both in sporadic and familiar disease.

Conclusions

18F-FCH PET/CT is a promising modality in challenging pre-surgical localization of hyper-functioning parathyroid glands, such as inconclusive standard imaging, recurrence after surgery, or suspected multiple gland disease.



https://ift.tt/2M8KkHu

Diagnostic performance and impact on patient management of 68 Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT for detecting osteomalacia-associated tumours

Abstract

Purpose

Oncogenic osteomalacia is an endocrine disorder induced by small benign tumours (TIO) producing excessive fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23). The only way of curing oncogenic osteomalacia is surgical resection of the culprit TIO, which is extremely difficult to detect using conventional imaging modalities due to its small size and variable location in the body. Since TIO frequently overexpress somatostatin receptors, a clinical utility of SPECT or PET with radiolabelled somatostatin analogues has been reported. Among them, 68Ga-DOTA-TOC has recently been granted a marketing authorization, facilitating its routine application. We report here the results of the first series evaluating the diagnostic performance of 68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT in detecting TIO and its impact on patient management.

Methods

68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT and clinical and imaging data from 15 patients with clinical and biochemical signs of oncogenic osteomalacia were retrospectively reviewed. The 68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT findings were compared with the results of post-surgical pathology and clinical and biochemical follow-up.

Results

68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT resulted in the detection of one focus suspicious for TIO in nine of 15 patients (60%), and a tumour was surgically removed in eight. Post-operative pathology confirmed a TIO in those eight patients whose symptoms diminished promptly and biochemical anomalies resolved. 68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 73%, 67% and 71%, respectively. 68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT findings affected patient management in 67% of cases. In particular, 68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT was able to detect the TIO with a negative or a false-positive result of a previous 111In-pentetreotide SPECT/CT in 5/8 patients (63%) or a previous FDG PET/CT in 7/11 patients (64%). No close relationship was found between the positivity of 68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT and the serum level of a biochemical marker. However, a true-positive result of 68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT was obtained in only one patient with a non-elevated serum level of FGF23.

Conclusion

68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT is an accurate imaging modality in the detection of TIO; in particular, it is worthwhile after failure of somatostatin receptor SPECT(/CT) or FDG PET/CT.



https://ift.tt/2LVnjuM

Post-treatment positron emission tomography-computed tomography is highly predictive of outcome in Plasmablastic lymphoma

Abstract

Purpose

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare variant of diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL) clinically characterized by a poorer prognostic. Few clinical and imaging data are available and derived from pooled case reports and small series. The aim of the study was to evaluate the FDG avidity at baseline and the utility of 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission-tomography/computed-tomography (PET/CT) for staging and response assessment.

Methods

Patients with newly diagnosed PBL seen at Lymphoma Study Association centers during the period 2005–2015 were included if they underwent a PET/CT at staging and at the end of treatment (eotPET) and had received an anthracycline-based first line therapy. EotPET scans were analyzed using the 5-point-scale visual analysis in accordance with Lugano criteria. Patients were classified in complete metabolic response (CMR) or no-CMR including partial metabolic response (PMR), stable disease (SD) and progression disease (PD). EotPET results were assessed for the ability to predict event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

Thirty-five PBL patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The median follow-up was 34 months (2.8–120 months). FDG avidity was found in all patients at diagnosis. Most patients (80%) achieved CMR, and 20% were no-CMR including 9% PMR, 6% SD, and 6% PD. A CMR after first line chemotherapy predicted higher EFS (p < 0.0001) and OS (p = 0.0006).

Conclusions

This study confirmed the FDG avidity of PBL subtype and the usefulness of PET/CT scanning in restaging an aggressive lymphoma at the completion of chemotherapy. EotPET can predict outcomes following treatment in patients with PBL.



https://ift.tt/2KgQXpB

Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer judged by PERCIST – multicenter study in Japan

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate therapeutic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and predict breast cancer recurrence using Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST).

Materials and methods

Fifty-nine breast cancer patients underwent fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) before and after NAC prior to planned surgical resection. Pathological complete response (pCR) of the primary tumor was evaluated using PERCIST, while effects of clinicopathological factors on progression-free survival (PFS) were examined using log-rank and Cox methods.

Results

Fifty-six patients and 54 primary tumors were evaluated. Complete metabolic response (CMR), partial metabolic response, stable metabolic disease, and progressive metabolic disease were seen in 45, 7, 3, and 1 patients, respectively, and 43, 7, 3, and 1 primary tumors, respectively. Eighteen (33.3%) of the 54 primary tumors showed pCR. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of PERCIST to predict pCR were 100% (18/18), 30.6% (11/36), 41.9% (18/43), 100% (11/11), and 53.7% (29/54), respectively. An optimal percent decrease in peak standardized uptake value for a primary tumor corrected for lean body mass (SULpeak) of 84.3% was found to have a sensitivity of 77.8% (14/18), specificity of 77.8% (28/36), PPV of 63.6% (14/22), NPV of 87.5% (28/32), and accuracy of 77.8% (42/54). Seven (12.5%) of the 56 patients developed recurrent disease (median follow-up 28.1 months, range 11.4–96.4 months). CMR (p = 0.031), pCR (p = 0.024), and early TNM stage (p = 0.033) were significantly associated with longer PFS.

Conclusion

PERCIST is useful for predicting pathological response and prognosis following NAC in breast cancer patients. However, FDG-PET/CT showed a tendency toward underestimation of the residual tumor, and relatively low specificity and PPV of PERCIST showed that a combination of other imaging modalities would still be needed to predict pCR.



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Optimal method for measuring baseline metabolic tumor volume in DLBCL patients: are statistical agreements of SUV ≥2.5 satisfactory?



https://ift.tt/2M8JmuQ

Correction to: Tumor fragmentation estimated by volume surface ratio of tumors measured on 18 F-FDG PET/CT is an independent prognostic factor of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

A unit error concerning the tumor volume surface ratio (TVSR) is present throughout the article. The unit reported is "cm" but is actually "mm".



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Novel use of 177 Lu-DOTA-RGD 2 in treatment of 68 Ga-DOTA-RGD 2 -avid lesions in papillary thyroid cancer with TENIS



https://ift.tt/2KelhRz

Increased evidence for the prognostic value of FDG uptake on late-treatment PET in non-tumour-affected oesophagus in irradiated patients with oesophageal carcinoma

Abstract

Purpose

18F-FDG uptake in irradiated non-tumour-affected oesophagus (NTO) on restaging PET is a potential surrogate for the measurement of radiation-induced inflammation. Radiation-induced inflammation itself has been shown to be of high prognostic relevance in patients undergoing preoperative radiochemotherapy (RCT) for locally advanced oesophageal cancer. We assessed the prognostic relevance of FDG uptake in the NTO in an independent cohort of patients treated with definitive RCT.

Methods

This retrospective evaluation included 72 patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with definitive RCT with curative intent. All patients underwent pretreatment and restaging FDG PET after receiving a radiation dose of 40–50 Gy. Standardized uptake values (SUVmax/SUVmean), metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and relative changes from pretreatment to restaging PET (∆SUVmax/∆SUVmean) were determined within the tumour and NTO. Univariate Cox regression with respect to overall survival (OS), local control (LC), distant metastases (DM) and treatment failure (TF) was performed. Independence of parameters was tested by multivariate Cox regression.

Results

∆SUVmax NTO and MTV were prognostic factors for all investigated clinical endpoints (OS, LC, DM, TF). Inclusion of clinical and PET tumour parameters in multivariate analysis showed that ∆SUVmax NTO was an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, multivariate analysis of ∆SUVmax NTO using previously published cut-off values from preoperatively treated patients revealed that ∆SUVmax NTO was independent prognostic factor for OS (HR = 1.88, p = 0.038), TF (HR = 2.11, p = 0.048) and DM (HR = 3.02, p = 0.047).

Conclusion

NTO-related tracer uptake during the course of treatment in patients with oesophageal carcinoma was shown to be of high prognostic relevance. Thus, metabolically activity of NTO measured in terms of ∆SUVmax NTO is a potential candidate for future treatment individualization (i.e. organ preservation).



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Reply to the letter



https://ift.tt/2M9Lcf9

Radioembolisation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma that have previously received liver-directed therapies

Abstract

Purpose

Radioembolisation is part of the multimodal treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at specialist liver centres. This study analysed the impact of prior treatment on tolerability and survival following radioembolisation.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of 325 consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of HCC, who received radioembolisation with yttrium-90 resin microspheres at eight European centres between September 2003 and December 2009. The decision to treat was based on the clinical judgement of multidisciplinary teams. Patients were followed from the date of radioembolisation to last contact or death and the nature and severity of all adverse events (AEs) recorded from medical records.

Results

Most radioembolisation candidates were Child-Pugh class A (82.5%) with multinodular HCC (75.9%) invading both lobes (53.1%); 56.3% were advanced stage. Radioembolisation was used first-line in 57.5% of patients and second-line in 34.2%. Common prior procedures were transarterial (chemo)embolisation therapies (27.1%), surgical resection/transplantation (17.2%) and ablation (8.6%). There was no difference in AE incidence and severity between prior treatment subgroups. Median (95% confidence interval [CI]) survival following radioembolisation was similar between procedure-naive and prior treatment groups for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage A: 22.1 months (15.1–45.9) versus 30.9 months (19.6–46.8); p = 0.243); stage B: 18.4 months (11.2–19.4) versus 22.8 months (10.9–34.2); p = 0.815; and stage C: 8.8 months (7.1–10.8) versus 10.8 months (7.7–12.6); p = 0.976.

Conclusions

Radioembolisation is a valuable treatment option for patients who relapse following surgical, ablative or vascular procedures and remain suitable candidates for this treatment.



https://ift.tt/2LUJUYk

Tumor fragmentation estimated by volume surface ratio of tumors measured on 18F-FDG PET/CT is an independent prognostic factor of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Abstract

Introduction

Our aim was to study the prognostic value of two new 18F-FDG PET biomarkers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We examined the total tumor surface (TTS), describing the tumor–host interface, and the tumor volume surface ratio (TVSR), corresponding to the ratio between the total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) and TTS, describing the tumor fragmentation.

Methods

We retrospectively included 215 patients with DLBCL. Patients underwent initial 18F-FDG PET/CT before R-CHOP (73%) or intensified R-CHOP (R-ACVBP) regimens (27%). The TMTV was measured using a fixed threshold value of 41% of SUVmax. To calculate TTS and TVSR, the surface was measured using an in-house software based on the marching cube algorithm. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) was computed between TMTV, TTS, and TVSR, and ROC analysis was performed. Survival functions at 5 years were studied using a Kaplan-Meier method and uni/multivariate Cox analysis.

Results

TVSR was poorly correlated with TMTV (ρ = 0.5) and TTS (ρ = 0.26), while TTS was highly correlated with TMTV (ρ = 0.94) and was, therefore, excluded from the analysis. TMTV had the highest area under the ROC curve (0.711) and the best sensitivity (0.797), while TVSR had the best specificity (0.745). The optimal cut-off values to predict 5-year OS were 222 cm3 for TMTV and 6.0 cm for TVSR. Patients with high TMTV and TVSR had significantly worse prognosis in Kaplan-Meier and Cox univariate analysis. In a multivariate Cox analysis combining the International Prognostic Index (IPI), the type of chemotherapy, TMTV, and TVSR, all parameters were independent and significant prognostic factors (HR [95%CI]: IPI 1.4 [1.1-1.8], type of chemotherapy 4.5 [2.0-10.5], TMTV 2.8 [1.4-5.5], TVSR 2.1 [1.3-3.4]). A synergistic effect between TMTV and TVSR was observed in a Kaplan-Meier analysis combining the two parameters.

Conclusions

TVSR measured on the initial 18F-FDG PET is an independent prognostic factor in DLBCL and has an additional prognostic value when combined with TMTV, IPI score and chemotherapy.



https://ift.tt/2KgDBtn

Clinical indications, image acquisition and data interpretation for white blood cells and anti-granulocyte monoclonal antibody scintigraphy: an EANM procedural guideline

Abstract

Introduction

Radiolabelled autologous white blood cells (WBC) scintigraphy is being standardized all over the world to ensure high quality, specificity and reproducibility. Similarly, in many European countries radiolabelled anti-granulocyte antibodies (anti-G-mAb) are used instead of WBC with high diagnostic accuracy. The EANM Inflammation & Infection Committee is deeply involved in this process of standardization as a primary goal of the group.

Aim

The main aim of this guideline is to support and promote good clinical practice despite the complex environment of a national health care system with its ethical, economic and legal aspects that must also be taken into consideration.

Method

After the standardization of the WBC labelling procedure (already published), a group of experts from the EANM Infection & Inflammation Committee developed and validated these guidelines based on published evidences.

Results

Here we describe image acquisition protocols, image display procedures and image analyses as well as image interpretation criteria for the use of radiolabelled WBC and monoclonal antigranulocyte antibodies. Clinical application for WBC and anti-G-mAb scintigraphy is also described.

Conclusions

These guidelines should be applied by all nuclear medicine centers in favor of a highly reproducible standardized practice.



https://ift.tt/2LVmsdy

A MAA-based dosimetric study in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma treated with a combination of chemotherapy and 90 Y-loaded glass microsphere selective internal radiation therapy

Abstract

Purpose

Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) appears to be an interesting treatment possibility for locally-advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), yet the appropriate dosimetry has never been evaluated in this context.

Methods

We retrospectively studied data from 40 patients treated at our institution with 90Y-loaded glass microsphere SIRT combined with chemotherapy for inoperable ICC as first-line treatment. Macroaggregated albumin (MAA)-based single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) quantitative analysis was used to calculate the tumor dose (TD), healthy-injected liver dose (HILD), and injected liver dose (ILD). Response was evaluated at 3 months using the European Association for the Study of the Liver criteria. Factors associated with response and toxicity were analyzed using univariate analysis.

Results

We assessed a total of 35 patients (five excluded) receiving 55 injections. Mean TD was 322 ± 165Gy and mean HILD was 74 ± 24Gy for a mean ILD of 128 ± 28Gy. All but two lesions responded, with a minimal TD for responding lesions of 158Gy. Six Grade 3–4 permanent liver toxicities were observed. Mean HILD was not associated with liver toxicity (73.2 ± 25.8Gy for patients with liver toxicity and 77.8 ± 16.9Gy for patients without, ns). Only underlying Child-Pugh status (p = 0.0014) and underlying cirrhosis (p = 0.0021) were associated with liver toxicity. Median progression-free survival was 12.7 months and median overall survival (OS) was 28.6 months. Median OS was 52.7 months for patients with Child-Pugh A5 status.

Conclusions

When combined with chemotherapy, SIRT is highly effective, with a TD > 158Gy. Tolerance was good except for the few patients with cirrhosis or Child-Pugh status ≥A6, who exhibited some liver toxicity. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm.



https://ift.tt/2M9l3gr

Prognostic value of [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT in multiple myeloma patients before and after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

Abstract

Purpose

Despite improved treatment options, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using 18F-2'-deoxy-2'-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) in MM patients shortly before and ~100 days after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT).

Methods

In this retrospective analysis, we evaluated [18F]FDG-PET/CT-scans of 45 heavily pre-treated MM patients before and 27 patients after scheduled allo-HCT. All scans were qualitatively and semi-quantitatively assessed for the presence of active disease. Serological response was recorded according to International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria. Progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were correlated with different PET/CT-derived parameters, such as presence, number and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of focal myeloma lesions. The impact of extramedullary disease on patient outcome was also assessed.

Results

PET/CT negativity -prior to or following allo-HCT- was a favorable prognostic factor for progression-free and overall survival (both, PFS and OS: pre-HSCT p < 0.001, post-HCT p < 0.005). High FDG-uptake (SUVmax > 6.5) revealed a significantly shortened survival compared to patients with a lower SUVmax (<6.5) (OS, 5.0 ± 1.1 m vs. not reached - longest 122.0 m; p < 0.001). Moreover, our data prove that a higher number (>3) of focal lesions (pre-HCT: both PFS and OS: p < 0.001; post-HCT PFS: p < 0.001, OS: p = 0.139) as well as the presence of extramedullary disease serve as adverse prognostic factors prior to and after allo-HCT. At response assessment after allo-HCT, [18F]FDG-PET/CT had a complementary value in prognostication in addition to IMWG criteria alone.

Conclusion

[18F]FDG-PET/CT before and shortly after allogeneic HCT is a powerful predictor for progression-free and overall survival in MM patients.



https://ift.tt/2v8GTKx

Highlights of the 30th Annual Congress of the EANM, Vienna 2017: “Yes we can – make nuclear medicine great again”

Abstract

The 30th Annual Congress of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) was held in Vienna, Austria, from 21 to 25 October 2017 under the chairmanship of Professor Francesco Giammarile. As always, the Congress was a great success: more than 6,379 participants came from 90 countries from all continents. Participants were presented with an excellent programme consisting of symposia, and scientific and featured sessions, CME sessions, and plenary lectures. These lectures were devoted to nuclear medicine imaging and therapy, including hybrid imaging and molecular life sciences. Additionally, the latest technology and innovations in the field were presented, and added to the success of the Congress. This review summarizes the major scientific contributions which were selected from more than 1,900 submitted abstracts, and presented in the closing highlights session. They cover the diverse areas of nuclear medicine, with particular focus on oncology, cardiovascular science, neurology, technological innovation and novel tracers, and also other clinical sciences. A particular focus of the Congress was on targeted radionuclide-based therapies, which all show promising and great innovations. The Congress was a unique opportunity to be thoroughly updated on this research. This Highlights Lecture could only be a brief summary of the large amount of data presented and discussed during the meeting, which can be found in much greater detail in the Congress proceedings book, published as volume 44, supplement 2 of the European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging in October 2017.



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18 F-Fluorocholine PET/CT in the assessment of primary hyperparathyroidism compared with 99m Tc-MIBI or 99m Tc-tetrofosmin SPECT/CT: a prospective dual-centre study in 100 patients

Abstract

Purpose

In this prospective study we compared the accuracy of 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT with that of 99mTc-MIBI or99mTc-tetrofosmin SPECT/CT in the preoperative detection of parathyroid adenoma in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. We also assessed the value of semiquantitative parameters in differentiating between parathyroid hyperplasia and adenoma.

Methods

Both 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT and 99mTc-MIBI/tetrofosmin SPECT/CT were performed in 100 consecutive patients with biochemical evidence of primary hyperparathyroidism. At least one abnormal focus on either 18F-fluorocholine or 99mTc-MIBI/tetrofosmin corresponding to a parathyroid gland or ectopic parathyroid tissue was considered as a positive finding. In 76 patients with positive findings on at least one imaging modality, surgical exploration was performed within 6 months, and the results were related to histopathological findings and clinical and laboratory findings at 3–6 months as the standard of truth. In 24 patients, no surgery was performed: in 18 patients with positive imaging findings surgery was refused or considered risky, and in 6 patients imaging was negative. Therefore, data from 82 patients (76 undergoing surgery, 6 without surgery) in whom the standard of truth criteria were met, were used in the final analysis.

Results

All patients showed biochemical evidence of primary hyperparathyroidism with a mean serum calcium level of 2.78 ± 0.34 mmol/l and parathormone (PTH) level of 196.5 ± 236.4 pg/ml. The study results in 76 patients with verified histopathology and 3 patients with negative imaging findings were analysed. Three of six patients with negative imaging showed normalized serum PTH and calcium levels on laboratory follow-up at 3 and 6 months, and the results were considered true negative. In a patient-based analysis, the detection rate with 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT was 93% (76/82), but was only 61% (50/82) with 99mTc-MIBI/tetrofosmin SPECT/CT. In a lesion-based analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall accuracy of 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT in the detection of parathyroid adenoma were 93.7%, 96.0%, 90.2%, 97.4% and 95.3%, respectively, and of 99mTc-MIBI/tetrofosmin SPECT/CT were 60.8%, 98.5%, 94.1%, 86.3% and 87.7%, respectively. Although 18F-fluorocholine PET-positive adenomatous lesions showed higher SUVmax values than the hyperplastic glands (6.80 ± 3.78 vs. 4.53 ± 0.40) in the semiquantitative analysis, the difference was not significant (p = 0.236). The mean size (measured as the length of the greatest dimension) and weight of adenomas were 15.9 ± 7.6 mm (median 15 mm, range 1–40 mm) and 1.71 ± 1.86 g (median 1 g, range: 0.25–9 g), respectively. Among the analysed parameters including serum calcium and PTH and the size and weight of parathyroid adenomas, size was significantly different between patients with negative 99mTc-MIBI/tetrofosmin SPECT/CT and those with positive 99mTc-MIBI/tetrofosmin SPECT/CT (mean size 13.4 ± 7.6 mm vs. 16.9 ± 7.4 mm, respectively; p = 0.042).

Conclusion

In this prospective study, 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT showed promise as a functional imaging modality, being clearly superior to 99mTc-MIBI/tetrofosmin SPECT/CT, especially in the detection and localization of small parathyroid adenomas in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. SUVmax was higher in parathyroid adenomas than in hyperplasia. However, further evaluation of this modality is needed.



https://ift.tt/2LP5gXc

Dermal Filler Linked to Patient Death in Rio de Janeiro

A Brazilian physician known as 'Dr Butt' has been accused of injecting a large amount of polymethyl-methacrylate into the buttocks of a patient during at procedure at his own apartment.
Medscape Medical News

https://ift.tt/2O2aDjd

Ceruminous Neoplasms of the Ear

Abstract

Ceruminous glands are modified apocrine glands located in the external auditory canal (EAC). Neoplastic lesions arising from these glands are rare in humans and constitute a major differential diagnosis for glandular neoplasms of the EAC. Due to anatomic restrictions, benign and malignant neoplasms present with similar symptoms and to some extent even comparable radiologic features, particularly when the tumors are localized. Biopsies are frequently limited by small size, fragmentation and improper anatomic and architectural orientation, thereby hampering our ability to appreciate the relationship of peripheral edges of the tumor to the surrounding tissue. Benign and malignant tumors may also have overlapping histomorphologic features, which further magnifies the challenges in accurate diagnosis and management strategies. This article summarizes the salient clinical, radiologic and histologic features of common ceruminous gland tumors, in addition to discussing features that can aid in differentiating ceruminous tumors from other EAC tumors and to distinguish benign from malignant entities.



https://ift.tt/2OzZdEl

Selected Giant Cell Rich Lesions of the Temporal Bone

Abstract

Giant cell rich lesions of the temporal bone encompass a wide spectrum of disease that includes infectious, reactive, and neoplastic processes. When dealing with any lesion that can potentially involve bone, it is important to understand both the clinical presentation and to correlate the histologic findings with the radiologic imaging. This review discusses the clinical, the pathologic features including the differential diagnosis, and the treatment of some of the more commonly encountered giant cell rich entities in this region.



https://ift.tt/2vuOX7Y

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the External Auditory Canal and Temporal Bone: An Update

Abstract

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common primary malignancy to affect the temporal bone, including primary cutaneous SCC of the pinna, external auditory canal, middle and inner ear. This anatomically complex region generates complicated three-dimensional specimens that can be a challenge for macroscopic and microscopic pathologic assessment. A universally accepted staging classification for these malignancies is still to be established. A brief summary of the regional anatomy, etiology and epidemiology, presentation and diagnosis, radiologic assessment and treatment follows with a review of the pathologic assessment of the different types of specimens generated and an update on staging for SCC of the temporal bone.



https://ift.tt/2LGAAIq

Anatomy and Surgical Approach of the Ear and Temporal Bone

Abstract

The temporal bone is one of the more complex structures at the skull base that houses the hearing and vestibular organs, numerous nerves, and vessels. A host of inflammatory and neoplastic processes can occur within the temporal bone that often necessitate permanent and frozen section pathologic examination. A number of simple to complex surgical procedures are used to manage temporal bone pathology. This chapter will provide a brief overview of normal temporal bone anatomy, common surgical approaches, normal histology, and indications for pathologic examination.



https://ift.tt/2vuOR06

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Ear

Abstract

Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the ear are uncommon primary tumors. There is a reported debate in the literature as to the true nature of these tumors and how to classify them. However, there is a kind of consensus that they can represent a spectrum of a common entity with dual glandular and neuroendocrine differentiation. The differential diagnosis of these tumors is broad but their morphologic, immunohistochemical, and radiographic features help to differentiate them from other entities. The tumors have mostly bland histology and indolent biological behavior, yet they may recur and metastasize. It is important to accurately recognize these tumors in order to perform the right management and limit their morbidity. In this article, we review the pathogenesis, histology, immunohistochemical features of neurornedocrine neoplasms of the ear and we discuss their differential diagnosis, clinical behavior and management.



https://ift.tt/2LKLywq

Cross Sectional Imaging of the Ear and Temporal Bone

Abstract

CT and MR imaging are essential cross-sectional imaging modalities for assessment of temporal bone anatomy and pathology. The choice of CT versus MR depends on the structures and the disease processes that require assessment, delineation, and characterization. A thorough knowledge of the two imaging modalities' capabilities and of temporal bone anatomy greatly facilitates imaging interpretation of pathologic conditions.



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