Interaction between Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adipose Tissue

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) develops within the squamous epithelial layer and progressively invades the submucosa to the subadventitia that has abundant adipose tissue (AT). AT seems critical to ESCC progression, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We aimed to address the association between ESCC and AT in vitro. ESCC cells were cultured on rat or human subcutaneous AT-embedded or –non-embedded collagen gel. AT promoted the growth of ESCC cells and inhibited their apoptosis. AT promoted the expression of the squamous differentiation marker involucrin in ESCC cells. (Source: American Journal of Pathology)

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Interaction between Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adipose Tissue

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) develops within the squamous epithelial layer and progressively invades the submucosa to the subadventitia that has abundant adipose tissue (AT). AT seems critical to ESCC progression, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We aimed to address the association between ESCC and AT in vitro. ESCC cells were cultured on rat or human subcutaneous AT-embedded or –non-embedded collagen gel. AT promoted the growth of ESCC cells and inhibited their apoptosis. AT promoted the expression of the squamous differentiation marker involucrin in ESCC cells. (Source: American Journal of Pathology)

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Bonnie Raitt on Channeling the ‘Dark Stuff’ For Her New Album and Why She Likes That Bernie Sanders Is Putting … – Billboard

Billboard

Bonnie Raitt on Channeling the 'Dark Stuff' For Her New Album and Why She Likes That Bernie Sanders Is Putting … Billboard I'd lost my family — my brother died of brain cancer and both my parents passed, all within the same period. I wasn't sure how to go on. The darkness was deep. Only Joe's gentle persistence got me back into the studio. "Just come over and relax," he said. and more »

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Medical Complications of Tattoos: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Tattoos are defined as the introduction of exogenous pigments into the dermis in order to produce a permanent design. This process may occur unintentional or may be deliberately administered for cosmetic or medical reasons. Tattoos have been around for over 5000 years and over time have evolved to represent a common cosmetic practice worldwide. Currently, adverse reactions are relatively rare and generally unpredictable and predominantly include immune-mediated reactions and skin infections. Along with better healthcare standards and more stringent public health mandates such as the provision of disposable needles, major infectious complications related to hepatitis and human retroviral infections have decreased significantly. When they do occur, skin infections are most frequently associated with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. The aim of this study is to review the types and rates of medical complications of permanent tattoos. PubMed search and search dates were open ended. Acute local inflammation is the most common complication, but infections, allergic contact dermatitis, and other inflammatory or immune responses that are not well-characterized may occur. As many patients with immune reactions to tattoos do not react on skin or patch testing, it is postulated that the antigens contained in dyes or pigments are such small molecules that they need to be haptenized in order to become immunogenic. Red ink is associated more frequently with long-term reactions, including granulomatous and pseudolymphomatous phenomena or morphea-like lesions and vasculitis. Exacerbation of preexisting psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and pyoderma gangrenosum may occur after tattooing. There is no well-defined association between cancer and tattoos. The treatment of tattoo-related complications may include local destructive measures (cryotherapy, electro-surgery, dermabrasion, chemical destruction, ablative laser destruction), surgical excision, and thermolysis of the pigment using Q-switched laser therapy.

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Effects of optineurin mutants on SH-SY5Y cell survival

Publication date: Available online 5 March 2016
Source:Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience
Author(s): Min Zhu, Ang Li, Junyi Chen, Shenghai Zhang, Jihong Wu
Mutations in the optineurin gene (OPTN) have been found to be associated with glaucoma and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the mechanism by which this single gene mutation leads to neurodegeneration in those two diseases remains unrevealed. To study the roles of wild-type (WT) OPTN and its pathogenic mutants in neuronal survival, here we overexpressed SH-SY5Y cells with WT OPTN or its four mutants (E50K, M98K, Q398X and E478G), and detected their effects on neuronal viability under normal or oxidative stress conditions. We found that overexpression of WT OPTN or its glaucoma-linked mutants (E50K and M98K) causes little harm in SH-SY5Y cells, while ALS-associated OPTN mutants (Q398X and E478G) leads to remarkably increased oxidative status and decreased antioxidase activity, which might result in severe mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal injury. Further investigation suggests that overexpression of WT OPTN promotes endogenous antioxidase activation in the SH-SY5Y cells under oxidative stress and increases neuronal survival. Nevertheless, this neuroprotective effect of WT OPTN is abolished by its four mutants. Our results indicate that oxidative stress may play a central role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and ALS caused by OPTN mutation.

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Influence of the decoupling degree on the estimation of canopy stomatal conductance for two broadleaf tree species

Publication date: 1 May 2016
Source:Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Volume 221
Author(s): Zhen Z. Zhang, Ping Zhao, Heather R. McCarthy, Xiu H. Zhao, Jun F. Niu, Li W. Zhu, Guang Y. Ni, Lei Ouyang, Yu Q. Huang
Canopy stomatal conductance (GS) estimation is a critical aspect of evapotranspiration research. Selecting an appropriate model for scaling-up is necessary to study plant water regulation. Two monoculture plantations of broadleaf tree species, Eucalyptus urophylla and Schima superba, were selected to study GS via a widely recognized equation simplified by Köstner (GS1) and an inverse Penman–Monteith equation (GS2). The decoupling coefficient (Ω) was estimated to quantify the decoupling extent of stomata from the atmosphere. We found that both species were well coupled with environmental conditions (0.1±0.06 and 0.22±0.09 for E. urophylla and S. superba). Ω increased exponentially with canopy conductance (GC) and was depressed by the increase of Ga, which implied that there was a combined climatic and physiological regulation on Ω. GS1 for both species (63.7±33.9mmolm−2s−1 and 48.4±18.1mmolm−2s−1 for E. urophylla and S. superba, respectively) was underestimated with the simplified equation compared to GS2 (77.0±52.4mmolm−2s−1and 112.0±52.5mmolm−2s−1 for E. urophylla and S. superba, respectively). The ratio of GS1/GS2 linearly decreased with Ω by a slope of −1.92 and −1.31 for E. urophylla and S. superba, respectively. The increase of the LAI tended to increase the decoupling extent, which further reduced the accuracy of the estimation of GS1. According to our results, the ratio of GS1/GS2 had a mean of 0.94 for 85.3% and 0.6 for 37.6% of all of the data for E. urophylla and S. superba, respectively, implying a better estimation of GS1 for the stand that had a lower LAI. Based on the relationship between the LAI and the ratios of GS1/GS2 (ratio=1.0759×0.02547(0.053LAI+0.054)−0.0078), we can shed some light on the prediction error of stomatal conductance derived from the simplified equation in different forest types.

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Langzeitfolgen körperlicher und psychischer Gewalt

Die Schmerzen bleiben
Das häufigste körperliche Symptom nach extremer Traumatisierung sind chronische Schmerzen. Interdisziplinäre schmerztherapeutische Interventionen können dieses Leiden lindern.

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Corrigendum: Notch signal strength controls cell fate in the haemogenic endothelium

Corrigendum

Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms10978

Authors: Leonor Gama-Norton, Eva Ferrando, Cristina Ruiz-Herguido, Zhenyi Liu, Jordi Guiu, Abul B. M. M. K. Islam, Sung-Uk Lee, Minhong Yan, Cynthia J. Guidos, Nuria López-Bigas, Takahiro Maeda, Lluis Espinosa, Raphael Kopan, Anna Bigas

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Specular reflection in the signal of LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer

Publication date: 1 May 2016
Source:Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Volume 221
Author(s): Andres Kuusk
In a vegetation canopy part of leaves reflect sky radiation specularly to the LAI-2000 sensor. This fraction is smaller in a planophile canopy and higher in an erectophile canopy. As the specularly reflected radiation does not enter the leaf nor it is absorbed by leaf pigments and depending on the incidence angle on the leaf the reflection coefficient may be very high. Depending on the leaf area index (LAI) and leaf angle distribution the scattered sky radiation may cause an overestimation of the gap fraction and consequently an underestimation of LAI up to 20–25% if the LAI measurements with plant canopy analyzer LAI-2000 are carried out under ideal perfectly overcast conditions. Similar biases are present in measurements of gap fraction and LAI with hemispherical photos if these measurement procedures are calibrated against LAI-2000. Considering the scattered sky radiation in optical techniques (LAI-2000, hemispherical photos) of measuring gap fraction in vegetation canopies explains at least part of the observed discrepancies in gap fraction estimated with terrestrial laser scanner and hemispherical photos. The scattered sky radiation in the LAI-2000 signal introduces bias both in the estimated LAI and foliage clumping index.

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Two-colour live-cell nanoscale imaging of intracellular targets

Article

The intracellular applications of STED microscopy are limited by the availability of dyes. Here the authors develop a two-colour labelling strategy based on SiR and ATTO590 dyes, and apply their strategy to image various subcellular membrane compartments.

Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms10778

Authors: Francesca Bottanelli, Emil B. Kromann, Edward S. Allgeyer, Roman S. Erdmann, Stephanie Wood Baguley, George Sirinakis, Alanna Schepartz, David Baddeley, Derek K. Toomre, James E. Rothman, Joerg Bewersdorf

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